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Efeito agudo da fototerapia por meio de diodos emissores de luz (LED) na cinética do consumo de oxigênio pulmonar, desoxigenação muscular e na resposta de glicemia e lactacidemia em homens com diabetes mellitus e saudáveis
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-06-24) Francisco, Cristina de Oliveira; Catai, Aparecida Maria; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5801652590531684; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7665896448082766
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) is responsible for quality of life reduction due its negative impact in the physical exercise capacity. The impairment of cardiopulmonary fitness and lower values in oxygen uptake in exercise tests has been associated with factors related with diabetes complications. Phototherapy is a resource largely utilized due it action in biological systems and it may be adjuvant to exercise to improve muscular efficiency and increase aerobic capacity. Thus, the question if this resource may be benefit to populations with DM. Therefore, we proposed a study protocol randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled to evaluate the acute effect of light emitting diode (LED) in cardiorespiratory and hemodynamic adjustments of moderate exercise in cycloergometer, as well as, in lactate and glucose levels pre and post intervention and after exercise in men aged between 45 and 64 years, with DM and health. Then, two studies were performed. In the study 1 it was evaluated the acute effect of phototherapy (LED-150J) in two groups: DM group (DMG) and health group (HG) (n=16 and n=9, respectively). The groups were paired by age and body mass index. The LED reduced significantly the glucose levels in DMG after exercise and do not affect the lactate levels, cardiorespiratory and hemodynamic adjustments of aerobic exercise in both groups. Our results suggest that LED in combination with moderate exercise decrease acutely the glucose levels in adult subjects with DM. The study 2 aimed evaluate the acute effect of two different doses of phototherapy. Participated in this study two groups of men with DM: LED-150J (n=16) and LED-300J (n=17). The LED-150J reduced the levels of glucose after exercise. The LED-300J increased the lactate levels after exercise in effective session compared with placebo. Any doses changed the cardiorespiratory and hemodynamic adjustments. This study demonstrated that the phototherapy with LED using the 300J dose did not improved the parameters studied and the 150J dose improved the glycaemia and should be used in combination with other therapies for the hyperglycemia management in individuals with DM. The general conclusion of this thesis is that our findings suggest that phototherapy associated with moderate physical exercise have therapeutic potential to control glycaemia in DM, however, further studies should be conducted investigating the dose window and dose-response capable to change acutely the cardiopulmonary and hemodynamic adjustments and lactate levels.
Pesquisa-ação para criação de sistemática de avaliação de riscos em responsabilidade civil em uma empresa de seguros
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-06-24) Moraes, Luciano Peloche; Martins, Manoel Fernando; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3921504261628850; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9000512978686078
The insurance market in Brazil and in the world is passing through a considerable growth in its business. This growth is followed by an increasing level of claims that impact directly the results of the insurances companies that faces the challenge of seeing your profitability being consumed by the payment of indemnity to the insured customers. Some of the customers companies have bigger exposure to the Casualty risks, third part risks. One type of industry extremely exposed to those risks is the food industry. There are concepts and risk management techniques to face this trend of claims. This thesis present the development of a project to evaluate and manage risks in an insurance company, aiming to contribute to the quality improvement in the overwriting process of a casualty insurance policy, specifically to the food industry due to its high hazard. The insurance company mentioned has nine offices with nine overwriting teams in different countries, with different cultures, values, exigencies and litigiousness. Those important differences had a big impact in the speed of the implementation and, consequently, impacted also the obtained results. It has been evaluated quantitative results, as the number of inquiries to the engineering team, that present a 33% growth and also qualitative results, as the improvement of input data to the overwriting and engineering team. Another qualitative positive result was the overwriting of customers that was not even quoted in the past and finally the elimination of reinsurance to some customers. The last one will bring a positive result in a near future, by the end of the financial year. To summarize, it is presented the general overall evaluation process and opportunities of futures projects.
Avaliação do potencial biotecnológico de microorganismos associados ao inseto-praga diabrotica speciosa na produção de polímeros biobaseados e biodegradáveis
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-06-24) Perlatti, Bruno; Forim, Moacir Rossi; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1234565160573730; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4970807426339978
Technological development and market pressure turned polymers into widely used structural materials for several different applications, being manufactured by a wide range of monomers. However, traditional polymers usually show some drawbacks regarding environmental aspects, as most used polymers are produced with nonrenewable feedstock and generate huge amounts of non-biodegradable residues. Therefore it is imperative the sustainable development of new bio-based and biodegradable polymeric materials. The use of microorganisms for obtaining biopolymers is a very promising reality. However, in order to achieve viable production in industrial scale it is necessary to overcome economic barriers, by using microbes with good assimilation of low-cost substrates and high biopolymer yields. As such, the objective of this work was the isolation and identification of bacteria associated with the insect Diabrotica speciosa, as well as the evaluation microbial capacity of biopolymer production. The insect presented great microbial diversity, identified as an underexplored niche with tremendous biotechnological potential for the investigation of novel species and/or strains. In an attempt to find bacterial isolates effective on the production of two classes of biopolymers, polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) and exopolysaccharides (EPS), it was obtained 73 strains of bacteria associated with Diabrotica speciosa. These bacteria were identified at genus level by genetic techniques using 16S rDNA sequencing and by proteomic techniques using MALDI-TOF MS. Both characterization methods yielded 100% convergence on results. It was found 17 different bacterial genera, which were submitted to qualitative screening assays in order to identify strains producing PHA using Nile Red dye method, as well as for EPS by using the bacterial spot test. Promising strains on both assays were selected for further quantitative studies and structural characterization of the obtained biopolymers. Quantitative analyses for PHA production corroborated satisfactorily with qualitative results, especially to bacteria from genera Aurantimonas and Delftia which demonstrated high PHA production capacity with 50 and 90% polymer yield on dry mass, both strains being strains able to use substrates such as glucose, acetate and glycerol. GC-MS analyses indicated that Aurantimonas sp. produced mostly a homopolymer of polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB), while Delftia sp. was able to produce a copolymer having butyrate and valerate (PHBV), with up to 10% (w/w) of valerate. Regarding EPS production, the screening showed that the isolates were able to produce polymers in variable amounts, with vast and complex structural variations. Strains from genera Acidovorax, Aurantimonas and Luteibacter were further selected for quantitative analysis of EPS production and analytical characterization of the obtained biopolymer. After analyses using NMR, MALDI-TOF, SEC-UV-ELSD and GC-MS, bacteria from genus Luteibacter produced a highly complex polymer rich in mannose, glucose, fucose and xylose; genus Acidovorax produced a glucomannan-type EPS with a high degree of branching; and genus Aurantimonas was able to produce up to 2 g.L-1 of a water insoluble EPS. In face of these results, it was possible to conclude that D. speciosa microbiota showed to be extremely rich in bacterial species viable for exploratory studies with biotechnological context of biopolymer production. Investigated strains showed promising characteristics to be further evaluated in larger scale (fermenters), especially the bacteria Aurantimonas sp., able to produce PHBV and EPS.
Qualidade do sono em mulheres com disfunções do trato urinário inferior
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-06-24) Albanezi, Daniele Furtado; Driusso, Patricia; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8898319491890063; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2883772944805384
Climacteric women have considerable prevalence of both disorders of the pelvic floor, such as urinary incontinence (UI) and nocturia, as sleep disorders, which can compromise the quality of life and sleep. Therefore, this thesis aims to: (1) compare the sleep of quality women's with and without UI and correlate the sleep of quality with the quality of life of women; (2) determine the effects of treatment with electrical stimulation of the tibial nerve (ENT) on the sleep of quality in women with nocturia. The two studies used to evaluate the slee´of quality the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), the King's Health Questionnaire (KHQ) to assess quality of life in addition to these two tools, the study (2) used the Scale Epworth sleepiness to assess daytime sleepiness and by vaginal palpation and perineometer evaluated the pelvic floor muscles before and after treatments. For the study (1) were evaluated 60 women incontinence (UI stress-SUI, urgency incontinence-IUU or mixed IU-IUM) and continents, while for the study (2) were evaluated 40 women with nocturia allocated for the two types of proposed treatments, one group received ENT (GENT) and another group received training of the pelvic floor muscles + behavioral therapy (GTMAP + CT) for 12 weeks with a weekly service. Given the results presented in the study (1), it can be observed that women with UUI and MUI had worse overall PSQI score and worst sleep area and provision of KHQ, compared to women with SUI also IUM was related to worst score of areas: limitation of activities of daily living (compared to SUI), physical limitations (compared to SUI and UUI), personal relationships (compared to UUI). Both women continents as those presented IUU had worse habitual sleep efficiency, compared to those with SUI. Nocturia showed moderate positive correlation with sleep area and provision of KHQ and the total PSQI score in women with UI. After the two treatments proposed in the study (2) was observed improvement in quality according to the domains of PSQI sleep: subjective sleep quality, latency, sleep duration, total score. Moreover, 35% of them now have no more nocturia, indicating that both techniques are effective to reduce the number of awakenings during the night to urinate. The improvement in daytime sleepiness was observed in GTMAP + CT, and daytime dysfunction (PSQI) in GENT. Regarding quality of life, both groups improved in the KHQ domains: AVD limitation, emotions, sleep and mood and severity measures; the GTMAP + CT showed a significant improvement in UI impact area compared to GENT. Faced with the above results, it is concluded that women with MUI and UUI have worse sleep quality and life than women with SUI, and that with the treatment of ENT or TMAP + CT can improve the sleep of quality and quality of life women with nocturia.
Explorando abordagens de classificação contextual para floresta de caminhos ótimos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-06-24) Osaku, Daniel; Levada, Alexandre Luís Magalhães; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3341441596395463; Papa, João Paulo; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9039182932747194; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0086432334240096
Pattern recognition techniques have been widely studied and disseminated in order to develop ways to improve the e ectiveness of the pattern classi ers using labeled samples. However, such techniques usually work following the premise that the samples are independent and identically distributed in the feature space, taking into account only the local properties of the image and no information about the correlations between neighboring pixels are employed. The Optimum-Path Forest (OPF) classi er models the instances as the nodes of a graph, being the problem now is reduced to a partition of this graph. Although there are approaches that consider the context in the pattern recognition process, there is no such version for Optimum-Path Forest up to date. Thus, one of the main goal of the presented thesis is to propose a contextual version for the OPF classi er, which would employes contextual informations to support the data classi cation task using methods based on information theory and Markov Random Fields for such purpose. Since the Markov models are parameter-dependent and it is not a straightforward task to nd out the optimal values for such parameters because can assume in nite solutions, another contribution of this work is to propose an approach for modeling the process of nd out the parameters as a optimization problem, being the tness function to be maximized is the OPF accuracy over a labeled set. The results obtained by contextual classi cation were better than traditional classi cation results, as well as the optimization methods applied seemed to be a good alternative to ne-tune parameters of the Markov models as well.