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Envelhecimento, antropometria dos pés e pressões plantares em idosos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-06-27) Aurichio, Thaís Rabiatti; Manfio, Eliane Fátima; Rebelatto, José Rubens; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1684247449456330; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6238432716592204
Many studies note the anthropometric and postural differences of elderly feet compared with young feet, which may be responsible for the inappropriate use of footwear by older people. The types and characteristics of footwear affect de plantar pressures during gait and, if abnormal can cause foot pain and functional disability in this population. The aim of this study was verify the influence of aging on anthropometric and postural variables of elderly feet over a period of eight years (Manuscript I), and evaluate the foot anthropometry and plantar pressures during the use of different types of usual elderly footwear, with and without foot pain (Manuscript II). In the first study, 47 older people with average age of 76 (5.18) years were evaluated at three time points over eight years. In the second study 31 elderly women with average age of 75.9 (5.6) years were evaluated the foot anthropometry, the foot pain and the plantar pressures during the use of habitual footwear, with the Pedar system (Novel Eletronics, Munich, Alemanha). The values assigned to the characteristics of their footwear were also assessed. Appropriate statistical analyzes were conducted using the SPSS 17.0 software. There are subtle anthropometric differences in elderly feet, which suggests that intergenerational differences showed by literature to occur just prior to the study period. Older women who use flats have higher overload at hindfoot, and those with foot pain have less force at hallux during gait propulsion and higher force at midfoot. These women assign lower values to the walk, fit and comfort of their shoes. Footwear industries should produce specific products for the older people, with modern and functional design and flexible materials that contribute to the fit and comfort of the feet during gait.
Estudo da coordenação do processo de projeto arquitetônico em escritório de pequeno porte
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-06-27) Permonian, Raquel Ragonesi; Marques Neto, José da Costa; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2392932422695163; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9443060034868667
It is noticed in the last years a prominent growth in the national construction industry which has driven to an increase in competitiveness among its professionals. These new levels of competitiveness have led professionals to study possible innovations in the design process to create more efficient and cost effective planning methods. In general, architectural designers choose to develop their products using 2D design software. These tools are often able to meet the minimum representational requirements. However, technological breakthroughs have brought up new methods that are capable of adding quality to the final product, namely the executive project. Therefore, this study sought the theoretical background to present a review about concepts in 2D design process and the context of its coordination. As complement of that, the study aims to reveal possible qualitative increments to the project phases through the use of performance flowcharts of the existing steps inside the studied company, which takes into consideration the current scenario surrounding technologies in Brazil. This approach required the development of case studies to assess the coordination of architectural design process typology adopted in small office. Three projects of different sizes, based on the most commonly found typology in the studied company, were chosen in order to conceptualize the development of the design process. Based on that, the case studies were produced and evaluated to yield proposals for new studies regarding coordinative improvements in the design process. These studies focus an ideal performance model for design project management. Thus, the noticeable outcome of this study is that the target company must incorporate new methods to refine the design process once it presents noncompliant quality and excessive rework due to the lack of compatibility among projects. In addition, another evident fact affecting the product quality is that employees of this company deal with a high demand of parallel activities which reduces their productivity and consequently decreases the quality of the final product.
Soybean biorefinery with residues exploitation : process assessment
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-06-27) Pretto, Cristine De; Tardioli, Paulo Waldir; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0808991927126468; Costa, Caliane Bastos Borba; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1602653870311562; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6766872282137948
Soybean seed is a renewable feedstock and the production process of soybean meal and soybean refined oil generates residues that can be exploited, in such a way that the biorefinery concept can be applied to this production process. For this reason, this work aimed to analyse the employment of the biorefinery concept to a soybean crushing and refining facility, exploiting applications for the residues generated during the process. For that, first, information and data from literature about the traditional manufacture process of soybean meal and refined soybean oil were collected and the residues produced during this process were identified. Once the residues were recognized, data in academic literature about possible applications for the residues were collected. Next, the traditional process for producing soybean refined oil and defatted meal was simulated using a commercial simulator. The amounts of residues generated and energetic requirements were calculated. The amount of residues generated during soy protein concentrate (SPC) and soy protein isolate (SPI) process production were also obtained by simulations of these processes. Following, an application for each residue (except for SPI residues) was simulated in the same software and the results were analysed. It was verified that soybean straw and hulls could fulfill the energetic demand of the crushing, refining and biodiesel production process and even a surplus of electricity could be generated, especially when biodiesel was also used as a boiler fuel. Four residues from refining process are generated: gums, soapstock, spent bleaching earth and deodorizer distillate. From gums, it is possible to produce lecithin. From soapstock and spent bleaching earth, biodiesel can be generated, although it generates more residues and consumes more steam than the production of biodiesel from degummed oil. From deodorizer distillate, it is possible to concentrate tocopherols, which is an antioxidant and can be sold for its antioxidant properties. Soybean molasses generated during the concentration of proteins from soybean meal can also be used for electrical energy production.
Modos de vida e convívio escolar : o assentamento rural Santa Helena - São Carlos - SP
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-06-27) Mateus, Kergilêda Ambrosio de Oliveira; Montrone, Aida Victoria Garcia; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9011731777978672; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1306323917704259
This work is a result of various concerns that have marked the personal and professional life of the researcher. We undertook efforts to investigate the social practice of the School Life of adult students who attend the Novo Horizonte School located in rural settlement called Santa Helena in São Carlos city - São Paulo state - and we seek to answer which educational processes are emerging from this social practice. To understand how seated teenagers and adults are educated regarding the social practice of the School Life; to describe those educational process and to analyze the meanings of this social practice in the life of its participants, we opted to utilize a methodological approach with a qualitative focus guided by a participative research. To collect the data, we used informal notes, informal chats and semi-structured interviews. As a result of this study, we identified that: participate in the struggle for a place to live is a way to educate; the absent of schooling does not mean the removal of fundamental knowledge for the life of the settlers of Santa Helena; the school life is configured as an important tool for strengthening the bonds of those who attends the literacy room of Novo Horizonte school, identified as a place for meetings and for the promotion of sociability; the field requires a different kind of school that promotes sociability of their subjects and respect their way of life, which should serve as a basis for their schooling. We hope that this work provokes new reflections about the social practice of the School Life and the way of life of men and women in rural settlements and, from these considerations, the resizing of new and other pedagogical approaches that consider their social and political reality and perceptions, desires and educational needs of these individuals.
Ensino programado para o planejamento de aulas de matemática de ensino fundamental
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-06-27) Médici, Arthur Damião; Cortegoso, Ana Lúcia; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2767863425745220; Carmo, João dos Santos; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1263046410329694; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1215232021222209
Lesson planning is part of the teaching and learning process. Given the effects of planning on teacher behavior, some initiatives use lesson planning as teacher training procedure. A lesson plan - desired product of the planning process - highlights key aspects of teaching conditions within a lesson and the information presented in it may vary according to the function of that plan. A lesson plan is a tool that ensures the registration of practice and can serve to continue improving these practices. Problems occur when the conditions given in a lesson plan do not match - or correspond in an oversimplified way to - the actual conditions created in class. Investigations conducted in Brazil give evidence that the practice of preparing lesson plans is often seen as bureaucracy to be fulfilled by the institution. In addition to this, in some institutions, teachers are responsible for the implementation of lesson plans already drawn up, however, planning lessons is necessary since teachers deal with different students in different educational situations, which requires that the teacher is able to plan an effective class for each school condition. Mathematics is a subject of increasing importance in national and international curricula as it constitutes the basis for all scientific and technological development in various areas of knowledge. There is requirement that mathematics be taught in a way that makes sense to the reality of the students, however it evolves as science increasingly abstract. Therefore, teachers should be prepared to create teaching conditions that make sense for their apprentices. The teaching program is a method that allows the identification and description of relevant behavior and educational conditions to promote them and evaluate them. Through educational programming was possible to identify relevant behaviors for teachers, more specifically, behaviors related to the planning of teaching conditions. Through educational programming it is possible to identify behaviors relevant to plan lessons taking into account relevant aspects of teaching conditions in which the teacher must plan. Thus, this study aimed to develop and test the effectiveness of an educational program for math teachers of elementary school whose purpose is to plan lessons. For the preparation of the program have used the mathematics curriculum of primary education in the state of São Paulo, instructional self material development of educational programs, articles indicating effective practices for teaching and learning and teaching materials in mathematics with examples of activities . Two employees were consulted one with understanding in educational programming and other training of mathematics teachers. The preparation of the program involved the justification of the relevance of the program, the description of the terminal objective, analysis of the ultimate goal in intermediate goals, description of intermediate goals in its functional parts, the description of the teaching conditions, the drafting of background papers of teaching units and the drafting of educational activities. All products have been sent to reviewers for comments and improvement. In addition, the self-correcting feature of the programming process, products were enhanced as new products were developed. Behavior was proposed as a terminal for the program of this study - to prepare math lesson plan - and three intermediate behaviors were identified in the first level - propose teaching objectives, specify teaching and specify assessment procedures. Each of the intermediate behaviors on the first level was the objective of each of the teaching units of the program. The elaborate program consists of a pre-test, self initial assessment, three teaching units, a post-test and self final evaluation. It has auto format instructional - so you do not need a mediator to be applied - and, therefore, has some features to help the learner to realize their own learning as early examples, check fields, display fields and response resubmission , response checklists and self assessments. For the analysis of program effectiveness, 5 undergraduate students in mathematics and three mathematics teachers participated in the application. Participants performed all activities proposed by individually program at times of their convenience. After each participant terminate implementation of the program, an interview was conducted opinion. Programmer and an external evaluator examined the performance in pre- and post-tests. Programmer evaluated the performance in educational units. They were also examined the reports on self assessments and interviews about the program. As a result of analysis of its effectiveness, it is possible to observe an improvement of the performance of pre to post in all cases and the most obvious improvements were E3 and D2 - both are the worst performing in the pretest - and less expressive E1 and E5 - E1 having higher performance in the pretest and E5. performance close to the average. Items related to the proposition teaching objectives had greater improvement. The opposite occurred with items related to assessment procedures specification. E3 and D2 that have more obvious improvements in the pre-test also had the best performance in teaching units. E1 had worse performance in teaching and low improvement in pre- to post-test. The best performances were observed for the unit 3 (evaluation) and the worst for the unit 1 (teaching objectives). Participants, in general, declared better prepared to plan lessons with the exception of E2 and D1 which had slight decline. E1, E3 and D3 reported higher increase in / out being that E3 had high improvement pre / post-test and high performance in teaching units. The main positive aspects indicated by the participants is that the program offers additional support to that provided by the undergraduate degree, the sequence of the program corresponds to that in which planning should occur and that the texts and activities present examples applicable to the reality of teachers. The main suggestions made by participants to program improvement are providing additional examples of lesson plans, show less answers to reading questions, offer the program as a classroom course to be exchange of ideas and invest the program's direction for students of graduation. The auto format instructional program is used in different cases to promote behaviors in professionals in different areas, often resulting in increased performance of participants self instructional program when compared to the traditional education system - in which the instruction is provided by a mediator. There are differences between the performances in the tests and in educational units, which indicates the need to review the conditions of education and assessment of testing tools. Improve teaching conditions is part of the program and teaching can be proposed in future investigations. This study allows for a more detailed understanding of variables that must be taken into account in the preparation of math lesson plans. Also, it is a step considered by the literature as important for training teachers. Reviewing the implementation of planned lessons can also be an important aspect to be investigated by future research.