Browsing by Issue Date, starting with "2016-06-29"

Filter results by year or month

Now showing 1 - 20 of 14925

Fatores que influenciam no sucesso e longevidade do controle das ferrugens da cana-de-açúcar por variedades resistentes
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-06-29)
Mistura, Tatiane de Fátima
;
Arias, Renée Silva
;
;
Urashima, Alfredo Seiiti
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1289170266294665
Sugar, ethanol and bionergy are products generated from sugarcane, whose current demand remains high. However, two rust diseases have threatened its yield, brown rust (Puccinia melanocephala) and orange rust (P. kuehnii). The most efficient method to control these diseases is resistant varieties. The success and longevity of varieties depends basically on two factors: pathogen diversity and correct evaluation of genotype reaction. Therefore, chapter 1 of this dissertation aimed to examine phenotypic and genotypic diversity of rusts pathogens and existence of a direct correlation between these traits. Genotyping of P. melanocephala employed 31 isolates and 39 for P. kuehnii with 10 SSR markers. The genetic diversity was verified through UPGMA clustering and PCoA analyses. The phenotypic diversity was investigated by leaf lesion area and compatible/incompatible interaction between host and pathogen. Data of this work showed similar grouping between UPGMA and PCoA with identification of nine genetic subpopulations for P. kuehnii and 10 subpopulations for P. melanocephala. As for phenotypic diversity, three races were identified in P. kuehnii whereas two were detected in P. melanocephala. Direct correlation between genetic and phenotypic diversity was only observed in P. kuehnii. The chapter 2 examined reaction of five sugarcane commercial varieties to P. kuehnii over different period of time as well as quantity and viability of urediniospores. For disease progress disease, three isolates were inoculated on five varieties and their reactions evaluated 21, 28, 35, 42 days after by disease score. Disease reaction measured by quantity and viability of uredinispores was examined in two different trials. In the first, spores from different type of lesions were investigated 42 days after inoculation, in the second, spores from the same type of reaction but from a susceptible and resistance varieties were observed. Our data identified one variety which reaction changed over time. Therefore, in order to avoid false resistant materials other traits should be taking into account, quantity and viability of urediniospores.
Diferenças étnico-raciais e políticas de reconhecimento: perspectivas a partir do Conselho Nacional de Saúde e do Conselho Nacional de Educação
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-06-29)
Morais, Danilo de Souza
;
Silvério, Valter Roberto
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/9421231847055027
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/4526442820479337
This research investigated the politics of recognition of ethnic-racial differences, based on the study of political-institutional public spaces of interlocution between state and non-state actors. We conducted a comparative study through documentary research, in the National Health Council (CNS) and the National Education Council (CNE), two examples of Public Policy Councils. Although significantly different from each other, since the 1988 National Constitution both have the function of participatory institutions. To present theoretical and methodological references, the dialogue between theories of recognition and subaltern studies, as well as the most recent developments in Brazil on research on participatory institutions, is used. It results from the investigation, in the analysis of the trajectories of constitution of the two councils, that the CNE enhances its formulation capacity, starting from the participative process of the council, but only when there is the sharing of projects between societal and state actors. The CNS enhances the decision-making capacity in the board's own participatory processes, therefore, with greater relative autonomy and less dependence on the consent of state and business actors. It has come to understand that in the period under review, on the political-discursive configurations produced in these councils, that the policy of recognition that emerges from the CNS - with the perspective of the health of the black population - is closer to the notions of substantive equality, while the policy of recognition formulated from the CNE - with the perspective of the education of ethnic-racial relations - is closer to a reinterpretation of the national, by the pretense of changing the pattern of racialized social relations.
Aplicação de MALDI-TOF MS na caracterização de microalgas da família Selenastraceae (Chlorophyta)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-06-29)
Mello, Rodrigo Ventura de
;
Vieira, Armando Augusto Henriques
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/4428377384377272
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/9229998934829124
The morphological variability in the Selenastraceae family has been a barrier to a good establishment of well-defined taxonomic groups. Several studies with molecular compounds have already demonstrated its importance in the elucidation of this relation. In this scenario, the present study used a matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization timeof- flight mass-spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) technique as a tool to differentiation of the microalgae of this family at the species and strains levels. A group of 18 strains, belong to in 12 different species, of freshwater microalgae was selected. Cells and dissolved organic matter (DOM) were analyzed in the middle exponential growth phase. The analyzes were performed in two different mass ranges: 400 to 2,000 Da and 2,000 to 20,000 Da. Each strain that yielded unique spectra with a good resolution of peaks and reproducibility was selected for clusters analyzes. These spectra were used to make a dissimilarity analysis that showed the capability of differentiation of the strains and species. The strains of the genera Monoraphidium were not all grouped, possibly because it is a polyphyletic group. The praticity and quickness of this technique for data acquisition, allied with the low cost of the analysis, are factors that favor its application in taxonomic studies.
Sobre rosas e espinhos - experiências de trabalho com flores na região de Holambra (SP)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-06-29)
Bueno, Juliana Dourado
;
Silva, Maria Aparecida de Moraes
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/6792025643983370
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/9670686595047765
This thesis aims to analyze the contradictions present in the cultivation of flowers, highlighting the life experiences of men and women working in the fields and greenhouses of flowers in the region of Holambra, São Paulo, Brazil. The theoretical references are the studies on rural wage and on the globalized intensive agricultural. The field research was conducted in four cities: Artur Nogueira, Holambra, Mogi Mirim and Santo Antônio de Posse. The narratives were collected through conversations and interviews at workers home. The methodology used was the Oral History, which allowed us to view the work in addition to the data brought by the official statistics, trying to break with the analyzes that polarize the productive and reproductive spaces, and naturalize the female skills. The research has allowed us to verify the existence of a variety of settings that make the work morphology in growing flowers - this diversity relates to the size of the properties and greenhouses, forms of employment (family labor, wage, unregistered work), and the place of residence of workers (rural districts, urban districts, producing colonies of flowers). People interviewed related that the working hours are intensified to fulfill the demands, there is exposure to pesticides and thorns of flowers, and carrying out the activity in the greenhouses and fields is often strenuous, which makes some people use medicines to face the workload. Finally, we present a discussion on ways of estrangement and the possibilities of creating emotional bonds with the plants, which causes the activity to be evaluated positively by workers.
Níveis de infecção de Babesia bovis, B. bigemina e Anaplasma marginale em búfalos criados no estado de São Paulo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-06-29)
Néo, Thalita Athiê
;
Oliveira, Márcia Cristina de Sena
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/9396104171807912
;
Anibal, Fernanda de Freitas
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/4918261968772806
Bovine babesiosis and anaplasmosis are distinct diseases, which constitute the syndrome called tick fever, characterized by infection of red blood cells. Its distribution in herds causes the reduction in productivity and high economic losses to livestock worldwide. Anaplasma marginale, Babesia bovis, and Babesia bigemina are the predominant species in Brazil. Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus is the biological vector of babesiosis and anaplasmosis may be transmitted by ticks, hematophagous flies, and fomites. It is known that the water buffalo can become infected with Babesia and Anaplasma, but little is known the extent of the infection and how it affects the health of these animals. Thus, the present study aimed to determine the frequency and the level of infection by B. bovis, B. bigemina and A. marginale in 108 water buffalo (50 calves and 58 adult females), naturally infested with the tick R. (B). microplus raised in farms located in areas of endemic stability in São Paulo state. From each animal, a blood sample from the jugular vein was taken for DNA extraction and packed cell volume (PCV) determination. Samples from auricular vessels were taken for blood smears. The body temperature was measured with a mercury thermometer column. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy technique was used to differentiate the serum of uninfected animals from the serum of animals infected with B. bovis. To this end, antigens derived from culture were immobilized on gold electrodes (150 nm thick) to give a biosensor device using the compound [Fe (CN) 6] 3- / 4-proof redox. The peripheral blood smears were stained with May-Grunwald-Giemsa for research of hemoparasites by optical microscopy. DNA extractions were performed using the Easy DNA TM Kit (Invitrogen). DNA amplification protocols were tested with primers specific to B. bigemina, B. bovis, and A. marginale using nested PCR (nPCR) and quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR). qPCR was used to estimate the number of copies of the gene cytochrome b (mt-cytB) of both babesias and Anaplasma msp 1b gene in all samples. Merozoites of B. bigemina were seen in blood smears of three calves from the Alambari herd (all less than 0.1 of parasitemia). Molecular techniques, nPCR, and qPCR, were more sensitive in the detection of parasites that direct examination of the blood smears and the frequencies of infection were 20:37% and 100% for B. bovis and 59.26% and 100% to B. bigemina, respectively. CN of the mt-cytB gene of B. bovis and B. bigemina showed significant effects (p <0.05) of herd age, species, and their interaction. The CN values were higher (p≤0.05) for B. bovis (2.81 ± 0:07) when compared to B. bigemina (2.61 ± 12:07) and A. marginale (0:57 ± 0:07). These data suggest a high frequency of infection by B. bovis and B. bigemina in the population of water buffalo studied. Preliminary testing of diagnosing infection with B. bovis device showed changes in the impedance in the system used and clearly demonstrated that the biosensor can detect infected animals, which can be exploited for rapid detection of B. bovis infections and also extended for the test to other parasites.
Caracterização de desafios e estratégias de teste para sistemas adaptativos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-06-30)
Siqueira, Bento Rafael
;
Ferrari, Fabiano Cutigi
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3154345471250570
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3238780932820205
Context: Traditional testing approaches, considering the context of Adaptive Systems (ASs), have been evaluated incipiently and superficially with respect to their effectiveness in identifying faults. It is very clear the challenge of guaranteeing the correctness of ASs, due to the adaptive properties of these systems. Thus, the following question raises: how to characterise adequately and broadly the difficulties for testing ASs? There is not an approach that is driven by challenges found in the literature. Goals: In this work, we analysed and characterised the challenges faced by the testing activity when applied to ASSs. By characterising the challenges, we investigated testing strategies based on them. Methodology: In order to achieve the goals, we performed the following steps: (i) characterising the state-of-art of testing of ASs, using a Systematic Literature Review (SLR); (ii) investigating the challenges in source codes of real ASs that are available online in source code repositories; (iii) defining the testing strategy named T, based on the characterised challenges; (iv) defining the testing strategy T* based on the challenges and comprised by three testing approaches; (v) evaluating the effectiveness of the strategies T and T*; and (vi) investigating the challenges along the application of T and T*. Results: the main results were: (i) a characterisation of fine-grained and coarse-grained challenges for testing ASs; and (ii) two testing strategies based on such challenges. We evaluated the strategies by running an exploratory study which encompassed one AS and both testing strategies. Conclusion: The characterisation of challenges supported the definition and execution of the testing strategies. These strategies were able to reduce the impact of the challenges and to identify faults in the AS.
Efeitos da exposição combinada a programas informatizados de ensino de leitura, escrita e consciência fonológica a alunos com dificuldade de aprendizagem
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-06-30)
Rodrigues, Pauliana do Nascimento
;
Postalli, Lidia Maria Marson
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/2748282330028870
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/5344181142664582
The present study aimed to verify the development of phonological awareness and the acquisition of reading and writing in children with learning difficulties using a reading and writing and a phonological awareness computerized programs. Seven students with learning disabilities enrolled in the second year of elementary school participated in the study. They were divided into two experimental conditions. On Condition 1, participants were exposed to Module 1 of a computerized reading and writing program, and on Condition 2, participants were exposed to the same computerized program concomitant with the phonological awareness program. Before (pre-test), during (intermediate test) and after the experimental training phase (post-test) the following tests were administered with participants of both conditions: Phonological Consciousness Test (by oral production - PCF), Phonological Awareness with Figures and Reading and Writing Diagnostics (DLE). Results show that four participants in Condition 1 completed the program within 21 to 23 sessions and the three participants in Condition 2 completed the teaching phases within 19 to 29 sessions. Concerning the phonological awareness program, participants on Condition 2 required more repetition of rhyme and alliteration activities than syllabic and phonemic activities. Results obtained from the evaluations indicate that participants of both conditions showed intermediate performance in rhyme and alliteration skills, high marks in syllabic skills and null performance in phonemic skills. In the post-test, improvement was observed for rhyme and alliteration, and syllabic skills. Participants did not consistently present improvement in phonemic skills in probes and post-tests. Regarding the reading and writing repertoire, results indicate that the participants of both conditions presented improvement in the relations evaluated at final test. The results suggest the need to improve teaching procedures for the development of phonological awareness skills.
Formação inicial e base de conhecimento para o ensino de matemática na perspectiva de professores iniciantes da educação básica
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-06-30)
Leite, Eliana Alves Pereira
;
Passos, Cármen Lúcia Brancaglion
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/2297203444364327
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1753963649222092
This research aimed to investigate the construction of the repertoire of knowledge for the initial teacher education degree in Mathematics from the perspective of mathematics teachers beginning their careers. Thus, the focus of the investigation was the initial training of mathematics teachers, and the necessary milestones for the establishment of a teaching knowledge base for mathematics teachers professional and personal lives. As a theoretical framework, we based our study on authors who do research in teacher education, initial teacher training and the beginning of the teaching career in the area of Education as well as in Mathematics-specific Education. As for methodology, our research has a qualitative approach, with the participation of five mathematics teachers who are beginning their careers in public schools in Ji-Paraná, Rondônia State, Brazil. The teachers are graduates from the Federal University of Rondônia, Ji-Paraná Campus. In the field research, we used questionnaires and semi-structured interviews as strategies for obtaining data. The interpretation and analysis of data occurred through three thematic axes entitled: Knowledge built for teaching during initial teacher training, recognized by beginner mathematics teachers; Gaps in teacher education identified by the beginner mathematics teachers regarding construction of a knowledge base for teaching; Learning to teach and the knowledge of how to teach on the perspective of beginner mathematics teachers. As for the knowledge necessary for teaching, we chose Shulman’s interpretative and analytical categorization in delimiting the discussions on specific content knowledge, pedagogical content knowledge and general pedagogical knowledge that comprise what the author calls knowledge base for teaching. In summary, from the results obtained, we can stress that beginner mathematics teachers recognize and highlight the contribution of the initial teacher education degree in mathematics course in building knowledge that integrates the knowledge of the specific content, pedagogical content and general teaching content. Teachers also revealed a variety of gaps in the initial teacher education provided to them, highlighting the difficulties faced by them in their early career practices owing to these gaps, and the limitations and inadequacies of continuing education. They showed to have the understanding that learning to teach is an ongoing process and therefore are receptive to the idea that they are part of this learning process. Among the areas recognized as contributing to this training process the initial teacher training, general education and professional experience were highlighted as of importance. Thus, although we consider the knowledge base for teaching is not static or immutable, and therefore is the result of a formative context, and considering the randomness and the limitations of continuing education as well as beginner teacher working conditions, we defend in this work the thesis that initial teacher education training is the institutional space that meets specific conditions for providing a wide repertoire of knowledge, in order to ensure training and professional milestones for the establishment and maintenance of a teaching knowledge base that may be expanded throughout the teaching career in a solid way that is consistent with today’s teaching profession requirements.
A influência do ritmo circadiano e da sazonalidade na ictiofauna da zona de arrebentação de uma ilha tropical em Ubatuba, SP
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-06-30)
Neto, Pedro Dias Barreto
;
Mattox, George Mendes Taliaferro
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/4453900943293186
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/4241757486427045
The surf-zone of sandy beaches acts as nurseries, housing a great number of larval and juvenile fish. Among the available factors in this environment are the possibility of shelter against predators and a rich source of zooplankton. The surf-zone ichthyofauna is often characterized by its low richness and high dominance by one or few species when compared to deeper regions of the ocean, in addition to presenting a low number of resident species. Abundance and composition of the fish community of the surf-zone are subject to abiotic factors (e.g., tidal, wind direction and speed, salinity) as well as seasonal and diel variations. Although the great importance of the surf-zone of sandy beaches for the life cycle of fishes, studies focusing on this environment in Brazilian islands are still scarce. Thus, this project initiated in November 2014 aiming at an ecological study of the ichthyofauna of the surf-zone of Prumirim Island, Ubatuba, SP, analyzing the composition and structure of the fish assemblage taking into account both seasonal and diel variations. Samplings occurred monthly with a beach seine, in the morning and at night at two sites along the beach. We collected a total of 4312 g and 3444 individuals belonging to 21 families and 37 species. The ichthyofauna was characterized by eight annual resident species that use the area in their early life stages as well as the constant occurrence of rare species. Shannon index was the only variable for which variation along the year was explained by the interaction between seasonal and diel factors, with mornings of spring and nights of winter presenting a lower value than remaining periods and seasons. In relation to variation of abundance along the year, seasonality was the most influent factor, with winter presenting the lower value. In an additive way and four times less influent, the diel factor contributed less to explain the variation in abundance along the year along with seasonality, with diurnal periods presenting the highest amount of sampled specimens. The number of species varied in a short scale, i.e., between days and nights, with richness being higher at night. Although the MDS ordination had shown an inconspicuous community structure and composition, it was possible to observe subtle diel and more evident seasonal variations, reflecting in changes in resident species abundance along the spring, summer, autumn and at winter nights.
E-MuLearn: design de cenários de aprendizagem para museus virtuais baseado em personas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-06-30)
Welter, Eline Faliane de Araújo
;
Zaina, Luciana Aparecida Martinez
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0192085115595443
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3081732296192003
The use of technology to improve the process of teaching and learning is a well-known practice, young people have shown increasing interest in the use of computers and mobile devices as support classes. To encourage this practice, several pedagogical activities can be performed via Internet. However, to contribute to the teaching of History and spread of Culture and Art, museums have sought space in virtual environments. From this premise, it was observed that virtual museums can be seen as an important tool in the teaching and learning process. The aim of this work is to propose a cycle to help create learning scenarios from elements of a museum, based on personas technique to support the teaching of History or a related field. In the first part of the study, Action Research methodology was adopted to carry out the investigation process by the teachers, museums expert and students; to verify the viability of the use of learning scenarios. The AR1 was conducted with 14 teachers and 1 museum expert to verify the feasibility of creating a learning scenario from museum elements. Already AR2 was conducted with 174 elementary school students, to verify the acceptance of learning scenarios. One of the results identified by the AR1 were the artifacts required to compose learning scenarios. However, there was a need for a device to aid in building the persona. For this, there was an adjustment in the empathy map technique called MapLearn as teacher support during the persona construction process. It has also been identified the need to create a cycle to support teachers and museum experts for the creation of learning scenarios. The validation of the proposal included the evaluation of MapLearn; cycle e-MuLearn; and learning scenarios, through 2 case studies and a controlled experiment. The analyses showed that the cycle e-MuLearn and their artifacts can contribute to creation of learning scenarios to support teaching of History.
Avaliação da ação de estabilizantes anti-UV no desempenho de compósitos de polipropileno, reforçados com fibras de coco, submetidos a diferentes técnicas de envelhecimento artificial
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-06-30)
Staffa, Lucas Henrique
;
Agnelli, José Augusto Marcondes
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7592090152400440
;
Bettini, Sílvia Helena Prado
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3687551763124327
Currently, there has been a search for economically viable and sustainable products in various market segments. Lighter materials that can be recycled have become a strategic issue for many industries. In this sense, the utilization of lignocellulosic fibers in polymeric composites, are becoming increasingly viable as substitutes for inorganic minerals reinforcements, mainly glass fibers. In this study, polypropylene (PP) natural composites reinforced with coir fiber (CF), compatibilized with maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene (PPMAH) and stabilized with a hindered amine (Tinuvin® 791) and UV absorber (Hostavin® ARO 8), were prepared via extrusion. The effect of the additives and their interactions and the influence of 1000 hours exposure in two types of accelerated weathering (Ultraviolet B and xenon arc) in the PP/CF composites were analyzed by mechanical properties (tensile properties), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) and colorimetry. The results indicate that the incorporation of coir fiber, in the presence of the compatibilizer, significantly increases tensile strength, but in the absence of the compatibilizer, the coir fiber act as stress concentrators, allowing a lower tensile strength to the sample.The joint presence of Tinuvin® and the compatibilizer has a negative effect on tensile strength and on the compatibility of the natural fiber with the matrix. UV absorber did not affect the compatibility of the PP/CF composites. Post-weathering results indicate that UVB caused more intense degradation than xenon arc. However, decreasing Tinuvin® efficiency evidence were not possible to be confirmed. Through electron micrographs, DSC analysys and tensile tests, it is noted the additive system based on (Tinuvin®+ Hostavin®) as the most effective protection system against the artificial weathering.
Planos municipais de gestão integrada de resíduos sólidos : desafios na implementação da política nacional de resíduos sólidos na bacia hidrográfica Tietê Jacaré – SP
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-06-30)
Santiago, Cristine Diniz
;
Pugliesi, Érica
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/6736386099280623
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/2054503151318666
In Brazil, waste management has developed with delay when compared to some countries which sought solutions for the area in advance. The national legislative framework is the National Waste Policy (NWP), Law n. 12.305/2010, regulated by Decret n. 7.404/2010, which decentralizes waste management, according to the pattern established on the National Environment Policy. Decentralization is explicited by the proposition of a tool called Integrated Waste Management City Plan (IWMCP), which has proved to be a challenge to municipalities. This research analyses the elaboration process of IWMCPs – five years after the passing of the NWP – in municipalities of the 13 th Hydric Resources Management Unit (HRMU) in São Paulo state – Tietê Jacaré’s HRMU, through surveys and multiple case studies. Results show the complexity and uniquenesses of the cities, highlighting the absence of data, resources and technical staff capacitation as main barriers, and the possibility of hiring companies to elaborate the IWMCP as the main facilitator according to the cities. Other incipient aspects present in the city planning process are the search of joint solutions and social participation. Thus, the decentralization proposed by the NWP presents difficulties for the law enforcement since municipalities still do not rely on the necessary means to develop complex planning as recommended by the NWP. This way, efforts from both the federal and state governments are recommendable aiming at the capacitation and resources availability, what shall make the city emancipation possible throughout the planning process. The proposal of alternatives for shared solutions is also crucial for the waste management optimization, as prioritized by the NWP.
O Plano de Ações Articuladas - PAR: o processo de indução das políticas educacionais dos sistemas municipais de ensino
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-06-30)
Oliveira, Beatriz Alves de
;
Riscal, Sandra Aparecida
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0328618752218708
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1140464050197785
The present research aims to analyze the complexity of the development, implementation and correlation between education public policies and educational management. The object of this research is the o Programa de Ações Articuladas (PAR) linked to other educational public policies such as: the O Programa de Desenvolvimento da Educação (PDE), Compromisso Todos pela Educação e o Índice de Desenvolvimento da Educação Brasileira (IDEB) .The interest in researching this topic is related to the importance of investigating the rationalization and the internationalization of educational public policies undertaken by the Brazilian State. The topic presents the following research questions: To what extent do the education public policies, planned by State, present homogeneous, regulatory and disciplinary characteristics? Do the public policies democratically meet or not the local interests and specificities? The aim of this study is to verify if the induction process of education policies connected to PAR has resulted in control and disciplinary policies of the educational action of municipalities by means of an internationalization policy of the Federal Government in the municipality spheres to improve the control of State or if the concretization of the PAR has been directed to the regional and local specificities. The methodological procedure is based on the bibliographical and documentary research and the data was collected through an online questionnaire. The theoretical framework of this investigation was based on the following categories: federalism, centralism/decentralism process, collaboration regime, autonomy, republican policy, social democracy policy, accountability, governance and soft power. Thereby, the PAR, like others Federal Government policies, has been implemented and used to consolidate measuring instruments and monitoring policies, thus introducing in the public education the governance forms to increasingly reduce the autonomy and capacity of local decision.
Uso e seleção de habitat por aves em ambientes campestres e áreas úmidas na região sul do cerrado
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-06-30)
Fieker, Carolline Zatta
;
Dias Filho, Manoel Martins
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1346547036069954
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/4453761595730340
In Brazil, the largest remnants of the Cerrado grasslands are threatened and restricted to protected areas. They are priority ecosystems for preservation and sustain a unique fauna, with many species of conservation interest. The present study was developed in one of the largest contiguous remnants of native grasslands of the Cerrado within the protected area of the Serra da Canastra National Park (SCNP), from December 2012 to April 2016. The aim of this study was to verify aspects of habitat use and selection by the Black-masked Finch (Coryphaspiza melanotis), the Pearly-bellied Seedeater (Sporophila pileata) and the Plumbeous Seedeater (Sporophila plumbea), as well as the relationships between behavior, density of individuals (C. melanotis) or flock size (Sporophila spp.) and habitat characteristics. It was also aimed to record and identify the species of grass (Poaceae) selected for consumption by birds of the genus Sporophila that occur in the SCNP. In two transects of 20 km each, n = 20 plots with about 16 ha were established for the data collection of the Black-masked Finch, while the transects were entirely sampled for data collection of the Seedeaters. The results indicated that the Black-masked Finch selected different types of perches according to their behavioral objectives. The height of certain physical structures of the environment was one of the factors selected by this bird. The grasslands with “murundus” (earth mounds) were positively selected by the Black-masked Finch and sustained higher density of individuals, whereas altered areas were avoided. It was estimated the density of 19 indiv/Km2, considering adult males during reproductive period within all sampled areas. On the birds of the genus Sporophila, their behaviors were also associated to the selection of substrates (perches) and microhabitats. The Pearly-bellied Seedeater fed on 35 grass species and the Plumbeous Seedeater on 34 species. Grass richness was a determining factor for the size of the flocks of both birds. The occurrence of fires influenced the richness of flowering/fruiting grasses, and consequently the availability of food resources for birds. Natural environments where the species diversity of the herbaceous stratum remained high throughout the year were preferred areas for occupation. It is suggested that the diversity of perches in microhabitats of the grasslands, the heterogeneity of the mosaics of grassland macrohabitats and the high richness of native grasses should be preserved and monitored, while exotic species of invasive plants must be properly managed. Fire is an important factor for birds of the genus Sporophila and other granivorous birds that inhabit the SCNP, since it influences the dynamics of plants that offer grains, and is important for the maintenance of landscape heterogeneity. Fire management in the Serra da Canastra National Park, an Important Bird Area in Brazil, should be applied considering the response of both, the resident birds and the plants that constitute a food base for migratory species.
Normalização textual e indexação semântica aplicadas da filtragem de SMS spam
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-07-01)
Silva, Tiago Pasqualini da
;
Almeida, Tiago Agostinho de
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/5368680512020633
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/4030198351353056
The rapid popularization of smartphones has contributed to the growth of SMS usage as an alternative way of communication. The increasing number of users, along with the trust they inherently have in their devices, makes SMS messages a propitious environment for spammers. In fact, reports clearly indicate that volume of mobile phone spam is dramatically increasing year by year. SMS spam represents a challenging problem for traditional filtering methods nowadays, since such messages are usually fairly short and normally rife with slangs, idioms, symbols and acronyms that make even tokenization a difficult task. In this scenario, this thesis proposes and then evaluates a method to normalize and expand original short and messy SMS text messages in order to acquire better attributes and enhance the classification performance. The proposed text processing approach is based on lexicography and semantic dictionaries along with the state-of-the-art techniques for semantic analysis and context detection. This technique is used to normalize terms and create new attributes in order to change and expand original text samples aiming to alleviate factors that can degrade the algorithms performance, such as redundancies and inconsistencies. The approach was validated with a public, real and non-encoded dataset along with several established machine learning methods. The experiments were diligently designed to ensure statistically sound results which indicate that the proposed text processing techniques can in fact enhance SMS spam filtering.
Efeito da rochagem no crescimento e nutrição de plantas de batata
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-07)
Moreira, Diulie Talita
;
Soares, Marcio Roberto
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/6337462438517339
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3308312287471252
Brazil is considered a country with extreme potential for agricultural production, but with great dependence on fertilizer imports. The Brazilian area with the potato crop is estimated at 130,000 ha. It is a high nutrient-demanding crop that consumes about 1.5 t of fertilizers per ha. An alternative to increase potato quality and productivity and make the production system more sustainable is the application of stonemeal. This study aimed to evaluate the growth and productivity parameters of the potato, Ágata variety, grown under different sources and increasing doses of rock powder. The experiment was carried out under greenhouse conditions, adopting a completely randomized design, with a 5x3 factorial scheme and five replications. The first factor consisted of three different sources of rock powder [mica-schist; blend I (kamafugite + mica-schist); blend II (kamafugite + mica; schist + microorganism source (Amino Peixe Raízes®)]. The second factor was made up of the following doses: 0, 3,000, 4,000, 5,000, 6000 kg ha-1. At the end of the cycle (95 days after planting), the following parameters were analyzed: height and number of stems, number and weight of tubers and productivity. Number of stems per plant did not respond to the application of crushed rocks.The treatment with blend II provided a significant increase in the weight and number of tubers in addition to increasing productivity by 36%. The biological component added in the blend II treatment was determinant in accelerating the availability of rock nutrients during the potato cycle.
Estudos citogenéticos em espécies da família Paradontidae (Actinopterygii: Characiformes), com enfoque no papel dos DNAs repetitivos na evolução cariotípica do grupo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-07-01)
Ziemniczak, Kaline
;
Vicari, Marcelo Ricardo
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/9824170107078686
;
Moreira Filho, Orlando
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3927076022470557
Parodontidae is organized in three genera according to their morphological characteristics: Parodon, Saccodon and Apareiodon. The diploid number is conserved in this group with 2n=54 chromosomes, with species without heteromorphic sex chromosomes systems and other with sex chromosomes system, with female heterogamety, ZZ/ZW or ZZ/ZW1W2. Studies of chromosome localization using repetitive DNAs chromosomes of species show possible origin, differentiation and evolution of sex chromosomes in Parodontidae. However, further studies using repeats DNAs are fundamental for a better comprehension of its pathway genomic structural or functional. In this study were described the chromosome location of the (GATA)n and (TTAGGG)n sequences in eight species of Parodontidae, with aim to evaluate the probable mechanisms of chromosomal diversification, especially those related to molecular differentiation of W chromosome. Also were mapped 16 microsatellites sequences in five species of the family to check the accumulation of the repetitive DNAs in the chromosomes and verify its performance in the karyotype and sex chromosomes differentiation. Yet, partial sequences of the histone H1, H3 and H4 were determined and had chromosomal localization in six species of Parodontidae. The data show two H1 sequences in Parodontidae genomes, herein called H1 partial and H1+ ERV, in addition to partial sequences for the genes H3 and H4. The chromosomal localization of histone genes show H1, H3 and H4 in main cluster and the presence of the orphans genes for H1 + ERV. Hence, this study provide some advances in the understanding of the repetitive DNA mechanism in the karyotypic differentiation and evolution in the family Parodontidae.
Obtenção de derivados de compostos isolados de Zingiber officinale por biotransformação e semi-síntese e avaliação frente à cisteinil-proteases
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-07-01)
Ávila, Roberta Marques Dias de
;
Vieira, Paulo Cezar
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8923844563320377
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/6845823650666405
Several aromatic polyketide derivatives from Ginger (Zingiber officinale), like zingerone, 6-gingerol and 6-shogaol were obtained by biocatalytic reactions and semi-synthesis and both their antifungal and cysteine-proteinase inhibitory properties were investigated. The derivatives obtained by semi-synthesis were evaluated in the form of a first screening for inhibition property of growth of phytopathogenic fungi Colletotrichum gloesporioides and Fusararium oxysparum. The biotransformation of four compounds: zingerone purchased from Sigma Aldrich, 6-gingerol isolated from ginger and its derivatives 4-methyl-6-gingerol and 6-shogaol was investigated using whole cells of C. gloesporioides and showed recognition of the fungal pool of enzymes capable of using such compounds as substrates. All experiments were conducted in sterile liquid medium BD (Potato and Dextrose) under agitation (120 rpm) and constant temperature (30° C ), obtaining the methanol extract of mycelial mass (MM), the aqueous extract (Aq) and the ethyl acetate extract (Ac) of culture fluid. The ethyl acetate extract was analyzed by GC-MS and ESI-MS/MS using LC-MS techniques. The fungus C. gloesporioides proved able to promote a reaction of aromatic oxidative coupling of zingerone, forming a dimer of this molecule. This product was isolated, identified by NMR spectroscopy and high resolution mass spectrometry. The biotransformation experiment was also made with isotopically labeled zingerone with deuterium. Analysis of the ethyl acetate extract (Ac) by (-) ESI-MS / MS using LC-IT-MS showed that dimer formation since the first day once the isotopically labeled fragments were detected. The aromatic oxidative coupling reaction also occurs in the biotransformation to phenolic compound 6-gingerol by C. gloesporioides. It is probable that side chain of 6-gingerol was used as carbon source forming an alcohol with molecular mass 168 Da. The dimer of the alcohol appears as biotransformation product. Among the proposed semi-synthesis reactions, the insertion of an oxime ether subunit from zingerone as starting material was obtained. Despite the molecular modeling indicates good complementarity with the catalytic site model cysteinyl preoteases, the product obtained does not show inhibitory activity against the enzymes L and V to 25 uM. The oximine derivative of 8-gingerol, presented halo of inhibition against the proliferation of fungus C.gloesporioides in disk diffusion test on PDA (Potato Dextrose Agar) in a Petri dish. The ethyl acetate extract (Ac) from the tenth day showed a good result of inhibition of cathepsin V (80%). There are studies that investigate the relationship between the antifungal activity of compounds of the property of inhibiting cysteine-preoteases as papain and cathepsin B and L.
Uma proposta para o ensino de geometria analítica através da resolução de problemas e do uso do geogebra
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-07-04)
Cardoso, Carlos Eduardo
;
Barros, Tomas Edson
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/5442017085057925
The concern with the basic teaching of mathematics have grown over the past years. The results presented in external evaluations and even the performance in the classroom have worried experts in education and our entire society. This study was carried out in order to seek an improvement in education and show the real sense of the mathematical concepts. We sought to develop and propose a didactic sequence that promotes students’ understanding of the key concepts of analytic geometry covered in high school showing by solving problems, geometric idea behind each algebraic development conducted over the activities proposals. It also sought to combine the technology with the help of Geoge- bra, the activities that were conventionally worked in the classroom, providing an extension of the conceptual view by the students. The didactic sequence and the results presented below were designed and rigorously applied in the classroom as well as having always been planned with the goal of transforming the student as the protagonist of ones own knowledge. So it was presented a proposal based on the Didactic Engineering which combines the geometric vision with the algebraic development not letting aside that mathematical concepts are fundamental to the intellectual development of our students.
Filogeografia de Partamona helleri Friese, 1900 (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Meliponini)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-07-06)
Cardoso, Tecavita Ananda Rodrigues
;
Del Lama, Marco Antonio
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7198095288825585
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1440976646551408
Meliponini is a tribe of bees popularly known as stingless bees that occurs in tropical and subtropical areas of the world, being more diversified in Neotropical and Indo-Malaya regions. Currently, 29 genus and 244 species are present in Brazil. Only a few phylogeographic studies were realized with species of this tribe. The genus Partamona Schwarz, 1939 clusters 33 species with exclusive occurrence in the Neotropical region. The species Partamona helleri presents wide distribution throughout Atlantic forest and part of the Cerrado from the State of Minas Gerais, reason of the choice of this species as our model organism. This study aimed to elucidate the phylogeographic pattern of P. helleri populations throughout its distribution area. For this purpose, samples of 347 nests from 67 localities situated from Northern Bahia to Santa Catarina were collected. Three mitochondrial genes fragments (COI, CytB and 12S) were analysed, which resulted in 339 concatenated sequences. The phylogenetic reconstruction by Bayesian Inference (IB) showed several lineages in a little resolved polytomy, what hampered the definition of the phylogenetic relationships among haplotypes. The haplotype network illustrated the relationship between 73 haplotypes identified, being 64 of them exclusive of localities. The AMOVA showed that 91.7% of the genetic variation is due to interpopulacional differences, indicating high structuring among populations. A low significant correlation between genetic and geographic distances was observed (r = 0,2487; P < 0,0010). The Bayesian population analysis implemented by BAPS showed that five groups were more suited to explain that genetic structuring. Such result was partly compliant with established lineages in the topology obtained by IB and with the results observed in the haplotype network. The results showed that the northern populations of P. helleri distribution are quite differentiated among themselves and also from the others populations observed along the central and southern regions. However, it was not possible to access how the genetic variation of the northern populations is organized, and there may be a division in two or more phylogroups. For other populations, the existence of three possible phylogroups was verified, two in the central region and a third occupying the central and southern regions. The results obtained for the demographic history of these phylogroups were not conclusive, however, it is likely that the phylogroup occupying the central and southern regions is in an expansion process. It was also verified that the level of variation observed by phylogroup decreases towards north/south, which allowed to raise a hypothesis about the origin and dispersion of this species.