Navegando por Data de Publicação, começando com "2016-06-29"

Filtrar resultados por ano ou mês

Agora exibindo 1 - 5 de 5

Fatores que influenciam no sucesso e longevidade do controle das ferrugens da cana-de-açúcar por variedades resistentes
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-06-29) Mistura, Tatiane de Fátima; Arias, Renée Silva; ; Urashima, Alfredo Seiiti; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1289170266294665; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7253139623900882
Sugar, ethanol and bionergy are products generated from sugarcane, whose current demand remains high. However, two rust diseases have threatened its yield, brown rust (Puccinia melanocephala) and orange rust (P. kuehnii). The most efficient method to control these diseases is resistant varieties. The success and longevity of varieties depends basically on two factors: pathogen diversity and correct evaluation of genotype reaction. Therefore, chapter 1 of this dissertation aimed to examine phenotypic and genotypic diversity of rusts pathogens and existence of a direct correlation between these traits. Genotyping of P. melanocephala employed 31 isolates and 39 for P. kuehnii with 10 SSR markers. The genetic diversity was verified through UPGMA clustering and PCoA analyses. The phenotypic diversity was investigated by leaf lesion area and compatible/incompatible interaction between host and pathogen. Data of this work showed similar grouping between UPGMA and PCoA with identification of nine genetic subpopulations for P. kuehnii and 10 subpopulations for P. melanocephala. As for phenotypic diversity, three races were identified in P. kuehnii whereas two were detected in P. melanocephala. Direct correlation between genetic and phenotypic diversity was only observed in P. kuehnii. The chapter 2 examined reaction of five sugarcane commercial varieties to P. kuehnii over different period of time as well as quantity and viability of urediniospores. For disease progress disease, three isolates were inoculated on five varieties and their reactions evaluated 21, 28, 35, 42 days after by disease score. Disease reaction measured by quantity and viability of uredinispores was examined in two different trials. In the first, spores from different type of lesions were investigated 42 days after inoculation, in the second, spores from the same type of reaction but from a susceptible and resistance varieties were observed. Our data identified one variety which reaction changed over time. Therefore, in order to avoid false resistant materials other traits should be taking into account, quantity and viability of urediniospores.
Sobre rosas e espinhos - experiências de trabalho com flores na região de Holambra (SP)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-06-29) Bueno, Juliana Dourado; Silva, Maria Aparecida de Moraes; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6792025643983370; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9670686595047765
This thesis aims to analyze the contradictions present in the cultivation of flowers, highlighting the life experiences of men and women working in the fields and greenhouses of flowers in the region of Holambra, São Paulo, Brazil. The theoretical references are the studies on rural wage and on the globalized intensive agricultural. The field research was conducted in four cities: Artur Nogueira, Holambra, Mogi Mirim and Santo Antônio de Posse. The narratives were collected through conversations and interviews at workers home. The methodology used was the Oral History, which allowed us to view the work in addition to the data brought by the official statistics, trying to break with the analyzes that polarize the productive and reproductive spaces, and naturalize the female skills. The research has allowed us to verify the existence of a variety of settings that make the work morphology in growing flowers - this diversity relates to the size of the properties and greenhouses, forms of employment (family labor, wage, unregistered work), and the place of residence of workers (rural districts, urban districts, producing colonies of flowers). People interviewed related that the working hours are intensified to fulfill the demands, there is exposure to pesticides and thorns of flowers, and carrying out the activity in the greenhouses and fields is often strenuous, which makes some people use medicines to face the workload. Finally, we present a discussion on ways of estrangement and the possibilities of creating emotional bonds with the plants, which causes the activity to be evaluated positively by workers.
Níveis de infecção de Babesia bovis, B. bigemina e Anaplasma marginale em búfalos criados no estado de São Paulo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-06-29) Néo, Thalita Athiê; Oliveira, Márcia Cristina de Sena; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9396104171807912; Anibal, Fernanda de Freitas; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4918261968772806; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3557222831572875
Bovine babesiosis and anaplasmosis are distinct diseases, which constitute the syndrome called tick fever, characterized by infection of red blood cells. Its distribution in herds causes the reduction in productivity and high economic losses to livestock worldwide. Anaplasma marginale, Babesia bovis, and Babesia bigemina are the predominant species in Brazil. Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus is the biological vector of babesiosis and anaplasmosis may be transmitted by ticks, hematophagous flies, and fomites. It is known that the water buffalo can become infected with Babesia and Anaplasma, but little is known the extent of the infection and how it affects the health of these animals. Thus, the present study aimed to determine the frequency and the level of infection by B. bovis, B. bigemina and A. marginale in 108 water buffalo (50 calves and 58 adult females), naturally infested with the tick R. (B). microplus raised in farms located in areas of endemic stability in São Paulo state. From each animal, a blood sample from the jugular vein was taken for DNA extraction and packed cell volume (PCV) determination. Samples from auricular vessels were taken for blood smears. The body temperature was measured with a mercury thermometer column. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy technique was used to differentiate the serum of uninfected animals from the serum of animals infected with B. bovis. To this end, antigens derived from culture were immobilized on gold electrodes (150 nm thick) to give a biosensor device using the compound [Fe (CN) 6] 3- / 4-proof redox. The peripheral blood smears were stained with May-Grunwald-Giemsa for research of hemoparasites by optical microscopy. DNA extractions were performed using the Easy DNA TM Kit (Invitrogen). DNA amplification protocols were tested with primers specific to B. bigemina, B. bovis, and A. marginale using nested PCR (nPCR) and quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR). qPCR was used to estimate the number of copies of the gene cytochrome b (mt-cytB) of both babesias and Anaplasma msp 1b gene in all samples. Merozoites of B. bigemina were seen in blood smears of three calves from the Alambari herd (all less than 0.1 of parasitemia). Molecular techniques, nPCR, and qPCR, were more sensitive in the detection of parasites that direct examination of the blood smears and the frequencies of infection were 20:37% and 100% for B. bovis and 59.26% and 100% to B. bigemina, respectively. CN of the mt-cytB gene of B. bovis and B. bigemina showed significant effects (p <0.05) of herd age, species, and their interaction. The CN values were higher (p≤0.05) for B. bovis (2.81 ± 0:07) when compared to B. bigemina (2.61 ± 12:07) and A. marginale (0:57 ± 0:07). These data suggest a high frequency of infection by B. bovis and B. bigemina in the population of water buffalo studied. Preliminary testing of diagnosing infection with B. bovis device showed changes in the impedance in the system used and clearly demonstrated that the biosensor can detect infected animals, which can be exploited for rapid detection of B. bovis infections and also extended for the test to other parasites.
Aplicação de MALDI-TOF MS na caracterização de microalgas da família Selenastraceae (Chlorophyta)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-06-29) Mello, Rodrigo Ventura de; Vieira, Armando Augusto Henriques; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4428377384377272; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9229998934829124
The morphological variability in the Selenastraceae family has been a barrier to a good establishment of well-defined taxonomic groups. Several studies with molecular compounds have already demonstrated its importance in the elucidation of this relation. In this scenario, the present study used a matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization timeof- flight mass-spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) technique as a tool to differentiation of the microalgae of this family at the species and strains levels. A group of 18 strains, belong to in 12 different species, of freshwater microalgae was selected. Cells and dissolved organic matter (DOM) were analyzed in the middle exponential growth phase. The analyzes were performed in two different mass ranges: 400 to 2,000 Da and 2,000 to 20,000 Da. Each strain that yielded unique spectra with a good resolution of peaks and reproducibility was selected for clusters analyzes. These spectra were used to make a dissimilarity analysis that showed the capability of differentiation of the strains and species. The strains of the genera Monoraphidium were not all grouped, possibly because it is a polyphyletic group. The praticity and quickness of this technique for data acquisition, allied with the low cost of the analysis, are factors that favor its application in taxonomic studies.
Diferenças étnico-raciais e políticas de reconhecimento: perspectivas a partir do Conselho Nacional de Saúde e do Conselho Nacional de Educação
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-06-29) Morais, Danilo de Souza; Silvério, Valter Roberto; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9421231847055027; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4526442820479337
This research investigated the politics of recognition of ethnic-racial differences, based on the study of political-institutional public spaces of interlocution between state and non-state actors. We conducted a comparative study through documentary research, in the National Health Council (CNS) and the National Education Council (CNE), two examples of Public Policy Councils. Although significantly different from each other, since the 1988 National Constitution both have the function of participatory institutions. To present theoretical and methodological references, the dialogue between theories of recognition and subaltern studies, as well as the most recent developments in Brazil on research on participatory institutions, is used. It results from the investigation, in the analysis of the trajectories of constitution of the two councils, that the CNE enhances its formulation capacity, starting from the participative process of the council, but only when there is the sharing of projects between societal and state actors. The CNS enhances the decision-making capacity in the board's own participatory processes, therefore, with greater relative autonomy and less dependence on the consent of state and business actors. It has come to understand that in the period under review, on the political-discursive configurations produced in these councils, that the policy of recognition that emerges from the CNS - with the perspective of the health of the black population - is closer to the notions of substantive equality, while the policy of recognition formulated from the CNE - with the perspective of the education of ethnic-racial relations - is closer to a reinterpretation of the national, by the pretense of changing the pattern of racialized social relations.