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E-MuLearn: design de cenários de aprendizagem para museus virtuais baseado em personas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-06-30) Welter, Eline Faliane de Araújo; Zaina, Luciana Aparecida Martinez; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0192085115595443; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3081732296192003
The use of technology to improve the process of teaching and learning is a well-known practice, young people have shown increasing interest in the use of computers and mobile devices as support classes. To encourage this practice, several pedagogical activities can be performed via Internet. However, to contribute to the teaching of History and spread of Culture and Art, museums have sought space in virtual environments. From this premise, it was observed that virtual museums can be seen as an important tool in the teaching and learning process. The aim of this work is to propose a cycle to help create learning scenarios from elements of a museum, based on personas technique to support the teaching of History or a related field. In the first part of the study, Action Research methodology was adopted to carry out the investigation process by the teachers, museums expert and students; to verify the viability of the use of learning scenarios. The AR1 was conducted with 14 teachers and 1 museum expert to verify the feasibility of creating a learning scenario from museum elements. Already AR2 was conducted with 174 elementary school students, to verify the acceptance of learning scenarios. One of the results identified by the AR1 were the artifacts required to compose learning scenarios. However, there was a need for a device to aid in building the persona. For this, there was an adjustment in the empathy map technique called MapLearn as teacher support during the persona construction process. It has also been identified the need to create a cycle to support teachers and museum experts for the creation of learning scenarios. The validation of the proposal included the evaluation of MapLearn; cycle e-MuLearn; and learning scenarios, through 2 case studies and a controlled experiment. The analyses showed that the cycle e-MuLearn and their artifacts can contribute to creation of learning scenarios to support teaching of History.
Avaliação da ação de estabilizantes anti-UV no desempenho de compósitos de polipropileno, reforçados com fibras de coco, submetidos a diferentes técnicas de envelhecimento artificial
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-06-30) Staffa, Lucas Henrique; Agnelli, José Augusto Marcondes; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7592090152400440; Bettini, Sílvia Helena Prado; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3687551763124327; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2896049826673626
Currently, there has been a search for economically viable and sustainable products in various market segments. Lighter materials that can be recycled have become a strategic issue for many industries. In this sense, the utilization of lignocellulosic fibers in polymeric composites, are becoming increasingly viable as substitutes for inorganic minerals reinforcements, mainly glass fibers. In this study, polypropylene (PP) natural composites reinforced with coir fiber (CF), compatibilized with maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene (PPMAH) and stabilized with a hindered amine (Tinuvin® 791) and UV absorber (Hostavin® ARO 8), were prepared via extrusion. The effect of the additives and their interactions and the influence of 1000 hours exposure in two types of accelerated weathering (Ultraviolet B and xenon arc) in the PP/CF composites were analyzed by mechanical properties (tensile properties), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) and colorimetry. The results indicate that the incorporation of coir fiber, in the presence of the compatibilizer, significantly increases tensile strength, but in the absence of the compatibilizer, the coir fiber act as stress concentrators, allowing a lower tensile strength to the sample.The joint presence of Tinuvin® and the compatibilizer has a negative effect on tensile strength and on the compatibility of the natural fiber with the matrix. UV absorber did not affect the compatibility of the PP/CF composites. Post-weathering results indicate that UVB caused more intense degradation than xenon arc. However, decreasing Tinuvin® efficiency evidence were not possible to be confirmed. Through electron micrographs, DSC analysys and tensile tests, it is noted the additive system based on (Tinuvin®+ Hostavin®) as the most effective protection system against the artificial weathering.
O Plano de Ações Articuladas - PAR: o processo de indução das políticas educacionais dos sistemas municipais de ensino
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-06-30) Oliveira, Beatriz Alves de; Riscal, Sandra Aparecida; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0328618752218708 ; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1140464050197785
The present research aims to analyze the complexity of the development, implementation and correlation between education public policies and educational management. The object of this research is the o Programa de Ações Articuladas (PAR) linked to other educational public policies such as: the O Programa de Desenvolvimento da Educação (PDE), Compromisso Todos pela Educação e o Índice de Desenvolvimento da Educação Brasileira (IDEB) .The interest in researching this topic is related to the importance of investigating the rationalization and the internationalization of educational public policies undertaken by the Brazilian State. The topic presents the following research questions: To what extent do the education public policies, planned by State, present homogeneous, regulatory and disciplinary characteristics? Do the public policies democratically meet or not the local interests and specificities? The aim of this study is to verify if the induction process of education policies connected to PAR has resulted in control and disciplinary policies of the educational action of municipalities by means of an internationalization policy of the Federal Government in the municipality spheres to improve the control of State or if the concretization of the PAR has been directed to the regional and local specificities. The methodological procedure is based on the bibliographical and documentary research and the data was collected through an online questionnaire. The theoretical framework of this investigation was based on the following categories: federalism, centralism/decentralism process, collaboration regime, autonomy, republican policy, social democracy policy, accountability, governance and soft power. Thereby, the PAR, like others Federal Government policies, has been implemented and used to consolidate measuring instruments and monitoring policies, thus introducing in the public education the governance forms to increasingly reduce the autonomy and capacity of local decision.
Uso e seleção de habitat por aves em ambientes campestres e áreas úmidas na região sul do cerrado
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-06-30) Fieker, Carolline Zatta; Dias Filho, Manoel Martins; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1346547036069954; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4453761595730340
In Brazil, the largest remnants of the Cerrado grasslands are threatened and restricted to protected areas. They are priority ecosystems for preservation and sustain a unique fauna, with many species of conservation interest. The present study was developed in one of the largest contiguous remnants of native grasslands of the Cerrado within the protected area of the Serra da Canastra National Park (SCNP), from December 2012 to April 2016. The aim of this study was to verify aspects of habitat use and selection by the Black-masked Finch (Coryphaspiza melanotis), the Pearly-bellied Seedeater (Sporophila pileata) and the Plumbeous Seedeater (Sporophila plumbea), as well as the relationships between behavior, density of individuals (C. melanotis) or flock size (Sporophila spp.) and habitat characteristics. It was also aimed to record and identify the species of grass (Poaceae) selected for consumption by birds of the genus Sporophila that occur in the SCNP. In two transects of 20 km each, n = 20 plots with about 16 ha were established for the data collection of the Black-masked Finch, while the transects were entirely sampled for data collection of the Seedeaters. The results indicated that the Black-masked Finch selected different types of perches according to their behavioral objectives. The height of certain physical structures of the environment was one of the factors selected by this bird. The grasslands with “murundus” (earth mounds) were positively selected by the Black-masked Finch and sustained higher density of individuals, whereas altered areas were avoided. It was estimated the density of 19 indiv/Km2, considering adult males during reproductive period within all sampled areas. On the birds of the genus Sporophila, their behaviors were also associated to the selection of substrates (perches) and microhabitats. The Pearly-bellied Seedeater fed on 35 grass species and the Plumbeous Seedeater on 34 species. Grass richness was a determining factor for the size of the flocks of both birds. The occurrence of fires influenced the richness of flowering/fruiting grasses, and consequently the availability of food resources for birds. Natural environments where the species diversity of the herbaceous stratum remained high throughout the year were preferred areas for occupation. It is suggested that the diversity of perches in microhabitats of the grasslands, the heterogeneity of the mosaics of grassland macrohabitats and the high richness of native grasses should be preserved and monitored, while exotic species of invasive plants must be properly managed. Fire is an important factor for birds of the genus Sporophila and other granivorous birds that inhabit the SCNP, since it influences the dynamics of plants that offer grains, and is important for the maintenance of landscape heterogeneity. Fire management in the Serra da Canastra National Park, an Important Bird Area in Brazil, should be applied considering the response of both, the resident birds and the plants that constitute a food base for migratory species.
Planos municipais de gestão integrada de resíduos sólidos : desafios na implementação da política nacional de resíduos sólidos na bacia hidrográfica Tietê Jacaré – SP
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-06-30) Santiago, Cristine Diniz; Pugliesi, Érica; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6736386099280623; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2054503151318666
In Brazil, waste management has developed with delay when compared to some countries which sought solutions for the area in advance. The national legislative framework is the National Waste Policy (NWP), Law n. 12.305/2010, regulated by Decret n. 7.404/2010, which decentralizes waste management, according to the pattern established on the National Environment Policy. Decentralization is explicited by the proposition of a tool called Integrated Waste Management City Plan (IWMCP), which has proved to be a challenge to municipalities. This research analyses the elaboration process of IWMCPs – five years after the passing of the NWP – in municipalities of the 13 th Hydric Resources Management Unit (HRMU) in São Paulo state – Tietê Jacaré’s HRMU, through surveys and multiple case studies. Results show the complexity and uniquenesses of the cities, highlighting the absence of data, resources and technical staff capacitation as main barriers, and the possibility of hiring companies to elaborate the IWMCP as the main facilitator according to the cities. Other incipient aspects present in the city planning process are the search of joint solutions and social participation. Thus, the decentralization proposed by the NWP presents difficulties for the law enforcement since municipalities still do not rely on the necessary means to develop complex planning as recommended by the NWP. This way, efforts from both the federal and state governments are recommendable aiming at the capacitation and resources availability, what shall make the city emancipation possible throughout the planning process. The proposal of alternatives for shared solutions is also crucial for the waste management optimization, as prioritized by the NWP.
Formação inicial e base de conhecimento para o ensino de matemática na perspectiva de professores iniciantes da educação básica
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-06-30) Leite, Eliana Alves Pereira; Passos, Cármen Lúcia Brancaglion; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2297203444364327; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1753963649222092
This research aimed to investigate the construction of the repertoire of knowledge for the initial teacher education degree in Mathematics from the perspective of mathematics teachers beginning their careers. Thus, the focus of the investigation was the initial training of mathematics teachers, and the necessary milestones for the establishment of a teaching knowledge base for mathematics teachers professional and personal lives. As a theoretical framework, we based our study on authors who do research in teacher education, initial teacher training and the beginning of the teaching career in the area of Education as well as in Mathematics-specific Education. As for methodology, our research has a qualitative approach, with the participation of five mathematics teachers who are beginning their careers in public schools in Ji-Paraná, Rondônia State, Brazil. The teachers are graduates from the Federal University of Rondônia, Ji-Paraná Campus. In the field research, we used questionnaires and semi-structured interviews as strategies for obtaining data. The interpretation and analysis of data occurred through three thematic axes entitled: Knowledge built for teaching during initial teacher training, recognized by beginner mathematics teachers; Gaps in teacher education identified by the beginner mathematics teachers regarding construction of a knowledge base for teaching; Learning to teach and the knowledge of how to teach on the perspective of beginner mathematics teachers. As for the knowledge necessary for teaching, we chose Shulman’s interpretative and analytical categorization in delimiting the discussions on specific content knowledge, pedagogical content knowledge and general pedagogical knowledge that comprise what the author calls knowledge base for teaching. In summary, from the results obtained, we can stress that beginner mathematics teachers recognize and highlight the contribution of the initial teacher education degree in mathematics course in building knowledge that integrates the knowledge of the specific content, pedagogical content and general teaching content. Teachers also revealed a variety of gaps in the initial teacher education provided to them, highlighting the difficulties faced by them in their early career practices owing to these gaps, and the limitations and inadequacies of continuing education. They showed to have the understanding that learning to teach is an ongoing process and therefore are receptive to the idea that they are part of this learning process. Among the areas recognized as contributing to this training process the initial teacher training, general education and professional experience were highlighted as of importance. Thus, although we consider the knowledge base for teaching is not static or immutable, and therefore is the result of a formative context, and considering the randomness and the limitations of continuing education as well as beginner teacher working conditions, we defend in this work the thesis that initial teacher education training is the institutional space that meets specific conditions for providing a wide repertoire of knowledge, in order to ensure training and professional milestones for the establishment and maintenance of a teaching knowledge base that may be expanded throughout the teaching career in a solid way that is consistent with today’s teaching profession requirements.
Efeitos da exposição combinada a programas informatizados de ensino de leitura, escrita e consciência fonológica a alunos com dificuldade de aprendizagem
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-06-30) Rodrigues, Pauliana do Nascimento; Postalli, Lidia Maria Marson; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2748282330028870; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5344181142664582
The present study aimed to verify the development of phonological awareness and the acquisition of reading and writing in children with learning difficulties using a reading and writing and a phonological awareness computerized programs. Seven students with learning disabilities enrolled in the second year of elementary school participated in the study. They were divided into two experimental conditions. On Condition 1, participants were exposed to Module 1 of a computerized reading and writing program, and on Condition 2, participants were exposed to the same computerized program concomitant with the phonological awareness program. Before (pre-test), during (intermediate test) and after the experimental training phase (post-test) the following tests were administered with participants of both conditions: Phonological Consciousness Test (by oral production - PCF), Phonological Awareness with Figures and Reading and Writing Diagnostics (DLE). Results show that four participants in Condition 1 completed the program within 21 to 23 sessions and the three participants in Condition 2 completed the teaching phases within 19 to 29 sessions. Concerning the phonological awareness program, participants on Condition 2 required more repetition of rhyme and alliteration activities than syllabic and phonemic activities. Results obtained from the evaluations indicate that participants of both conditions showed intermediate performance in rhyme and alliteration skills, high marks in syllabic skills and null performance in phonemic skills. In the post-test, improvement was observed for rhyme and alliteration, and syllabic skills. Participants did not consistently present improvement in phonemic skills in probes and post-tests. Regarding the reading and writing repertoire, results indicate that the participants of both conditions presented improvement in the relations evaluated at final test. The results suggest the need to improve teaching procedures for the development of phonological awareness skills.
Caracterização de desafios e estratégias de teste para sistemas adaptativos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-06-30) Siqueira, Bento Rafael; Ferrari, Fabiano Cutigi; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3154345471250570; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3238780932820205
Context: Traditional testing approaches, considering the context of Adaptive Systems (ASs), have been evaluated incipiently and superficially with respect to their effectiveness in identifying faults. It is very clear the challenge of guaranteeing the correctness of ASs, due to the adaptive properties of these systems. Thus, the following question raises: how to characterise adequately and broadly the difficulties for testing ASs? There is not an approach that is driven by challenges found in the literature. Goals: In this work, we analysed and characterised the challenges faced by the testing activity when applied to ASSs. By characterising the challenges, we investigated testing strategies based on them. Methodology: In order to achieve the goals, we performed the following steps: (i) characterising the state-of-art of testing of ASs, using a Systematic Literature Review (SLR); (ii) investigating the challenges in source codes of real ASs that are available online in source code repositories; (iii) defining the testing strategy named T, based on the characterised challenges; (iv) defining the testing strategy T* based on the challenges and comprised by three testing approaches; (v) evaluating the effectiveness of the strategies T and T*; and (vi) investigating the challenges along the application of T and T*. Results: the main results were: (i) a characterisation of fine-grained and coarse-grained challenges for testing ASs; and (ii) two testing strategies based on such challenges. We evaluated the strategies by running an exploratory study which encompassed one AS and both testing strategies. Conclusion: The characterisation of challenges supported the definition and execution of the testing strategies. These strategies were able to reduce the impact of the challenges and to identify faults in the AS.
A influência do ritmo circadiano e da sazonalidade na ictiofauna da zona de arrebentação de uma ilha tropical em Ubatuba, SP
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-06-30) Neto, Pedro Dias Barreto; Mattox, George Mendes Taliaferro; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4453900943293186; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4241757486427045
The surf-zone of sandy beaches acts as nurseries, housing a great number of larval and juvenile fish. Among the available factors in this environment are the possibility of shelter against predators and a rich source of zooplankton. The surf-zone ichthyofauna is often characterized by its low richness and high dominance by one or few species when compared to deeper regions of the ocean, in addition to presenting a low number of resident species. Abundance and composition of the fish community of the surf-zone are subject to abiotic factors (e.g., tidal, wind direction and speed, salinity) as well as seasonal and diel variations. Although the great importance of the surf-zone of sandy beaches for the life cycle of fishes, studies focusing on this environment in Brazilian islands are still scarce. Thus, this project initiated in November 2014 aiming at an ecological study of the ichthyofauna of the surf-zone of Prumirim Island, Ubatuba, SP, analyzing the composition and structure of the fish assemblage taking into account both seasonal and diel variations. Samplings occurred monthly with a beach seine, in the morning and at night at two sites along the beach. We collected a total of 4312 g and 3444 individuals belonging to 21 families and 37 species. The ichthyofauna was characterized by eight annual resident species that use the area in their early life stages as well as the constant occurrence of rare species. Shannon index was the only variable for which variation along the year was explained by the interaction between seasonal and diel factors, with mornings of spring and nights of winter presenting a lower value than remaining periods and seasons. In relation to variation of abundance along the year, seasonality was the most influent factor, with winter presenting the lower value. In an additive way and four times less influent, the diel factor contributed less to explain the variation in abundance along the year along with seasonality, with diurnal periods presenting the highest amount of sampled specimens. The number of species varied in a short scale, i.e., between days and nights, with richness being higher at night. Although the MDS ordination had shown an inconspicuous community structure and composition, it was possible to observe subtle diel and more evident seasonal variations, reflecting in changes in resident species abundance along the spring, summer, autumn and at winter nights.