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Termodinâmica, um tutorial para entendimento do conceito de entropia
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-08-01) Gregio, Nivaldo de Oliveira; Camargo, Paulo César de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5032837663989281; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7498219721631343
This dissertation is intended to be used by high school teachers and contains a set of concepts that leads to the understanding of entropy and its applications in the classroom. It begins with the definition of thermodynamics, through the study of the first and second law, showing the relevance of choice of the thermodynamic system, the nature of its boundaries, the variables of the thermodynamic transformations, ending with Carnot cycle and the reversibility and irreversibility concepts. The ideas of microstates and macrostates is introduced with the use of models easy to be used in the classroom, enabling the students to obtain quantitative results for disorder and therefore for entropy. The increase of entropy is associated with irreversible transformations and with energy degradation leading to effects on life and on the environment. The purpose of this dissertation is to provide tools for teachers, so that the Carnot cycle and the entropy concept can be used more significantly, with a broader view allowing teachers and high school students to have a better understanding of natural phenomena appreciating to learn new concepts.
Sistema de auxílio a navegação em ambientes internos para pessoas com deficiência visual usando visão estereoscópica
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-08-01) Chiqueto, Thiago Sousa; Pedrino, Emerson Carlos; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6481363465527189
Considering the high rate of people with some kind of visual impairment, and, moreover, that most of these people have a low income, this work is proposed to create a navigation system in indoors environment through equipment low cost. Using Python as programming language, together with the OpenCV library, the main objective of this research is to extract a disparity map and perform testing on different platforms with application filters images generated by the stereoscopic vision camera Minoru3D for mapping indoor environments, informing the user the free way for locomotion.
Conservação da energia mecânica : uma sequência didática inspirada na ideia de UEPS
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-08-01) Silva, Renato Peron da; Pessanha, Márlon Caetano Ramos; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6347223505034848; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3721841210228863
This study aims to propose a didactic sequence involving the use of resources and diversified activities applied to the teaching of Conservation of Mechanical Energy and its applications. The didactic sequence was based on the Theory of Meaningful Learning and the idea of concept maps, taking into consideration the principles and present steps in Potentially Meaningful Teaching Units (PMTU). In the didactic sequence of concepts approach is through reading popular science short texts involving different contexts and applications, through an animation and a computer simulation, using questionnaires, including a mathematical formalization, and the use of conceptual maps. The elaborate didactic sequence was implemented in a class of 1 st year of high school, in a private school in the city of Ribeirão Preto, SP. In general, the application of the teaching sequence obtained good results. In addition to satisfactory learning outcomes, it was noticed the involvement of students in the proposed activities, showing satisfied with the dynamics of classes, and even explaining that they facilitated the understanding of the study content, especially those involving conceptual and computing resources maps. From the results, it is understood that the educational product developed, a didactic sequence guided by the idea of PMTU, has a potential in terms of promoting the learning of mechanical energy conservation concepts can be implemented in other contexts.