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Sistema de auxílio a navegação em ambientes internos para pessoas com deficiência visual usando visão estereoscópica
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-08-01)
Chiqueto, Thiago Sousa
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Pedrino, Emerson Carlos
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6481363465527189
Considering the high rate of people with some kind of visual impairment, and, moreover, that most of these people have a low income, this work is proposed to create a navigation system in indoors environment through equipment low cost. Using Python as programming language, together with the OpenCV library, the main objective of this research is to extract a disparity map and perform testing on different platforms with application filters images generated by the stereoscopic vision camera Minoru3D for mapping indoor environments, informing the user the free way for locomotion.
Termodinâmica, um tutorial para entendimento do conceito de entropia
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-08-01)
Gregio, Nivaldo de Oliveira
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Camargo, Paulo César de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5032837663989281
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7498219721631343
This dissertation is intended to be used by high school teachers and contains a set of concepts that leads to the understanding of entropy and its applications in the classroom. It begins with the definition of thermodynamics, through the study of the first and second law, showing the relevance of choice of the thermodynamic system, the nature of its boundaries, the variables of the thermodynamic transformations, ending with Carnot cycle and the reversibility and irreversibility concepts. The ideas of microstates and macrostates is introduced with the use of models easy to be used in the classroom, enabling the students to obtain quantitative results for disorder and therefore for entropy. The increase of entropy is associated with irreversible transformations and with energy degradation leading to effects on life and on the environment. The purpose of this dissertation is to provide tools for teachers, so that the Carnot cycle and the entropy concept can be used more significantly, with a broader view allowing teachers and high school students to have a better understanding of natural phenomena appreciating to learn new concepts.
Conservação da energia mecânica : uma sequência didática inspirada na ideia de UEPS
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-08-01)
Silva, Renato Peron da
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Pessanha, Márlon Caetano Ramos
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6347223505034848
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3721841210228863
This study aims to propose a didactic sequence involving the use of resources and diversified activities applied to the teaching of Conservation of Mechanical Energy and its applications. The didactic sequence was based on the Theory of Meaningful Learning and the idea of concept maps, taking into consideration the principles and present steps in Potentially Meaningful Teaching Units (PMTU). In the didactic sequence of concepts approach is through reading popular science short texts involving different contexts and applications, through an animation and a computer simulation, using questionnaires, including a mathematical formalization, and the use of conceptual maps. The elaborate didactic sequence was implemented in a class of 1 st year of high school, in a private school in the city of Ribeirão Preto, SP. In general, the application of the teaching sequence obtained good results. In addition to satisfactory learning outcomes, it was noticed the involvement of students in the proposed activities, showing satisfied with the dynamics of classes, and even explaining that they facilitated the understanding of the study content, especially those involving conceptual and computing resources maps. From the results, it is understood that the educational product developed, a didactic sequence guided by the idea of PMTU, has a potential in terms of promoting the learning of mechanical energy conservation concepts can be implemented in other contexts.
Tomada de decisão sobre a alocação de estoques na indústria automobilística
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-08-02)
Cardoso, Fábio Germano
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Vieira, José Geraldo Vidal
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2068340476477363
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7768668684010089
Logistics has been a differentiator more and more important among automakers, since quality, price and technical characteristics have been moving towards a common ground. In order to seek for additional differentiation, companies focus on strategies of stock allocation that allow them to either increase revenue or reduce costs. Stock allocation strategies within the companies requires the decision between centralizing and decentralizing stocks. Present research aims at investigating the decision process about stock allocation for auto parts in aftersales Market, and analyzing what the important criteria for such a decision are. It was conducted a descriptive research with that purpose. It was investigated relevant criteria within literature and validated through questionnaires performed with dealership. Because dealers are the ultimate responsible for the brand image to the customer, they also participated in criteria and alternatives ponderations. Then, it was possible to suggest a final decision for stock allocation, through the organization of all criteria and alternatives in a decision tree together with their weights. Research results seems to suggest the necessity that automakers focus the aftersales resources in increasing their service level to dealership through stock decentralization, as a method to increase their revenue in long-term. Present research contributes to management because it investigates which are the relevant criteria and their weight for centralization decision. In addition, the use of multi-criteria decision making aid to suggest a postponement decision in auto parts distribution chain also represent a contribution.
Ensinando operações com grandezas físicas vetoriais no ensino médio através de uma unidade de ensino potencialmente significativa
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-08-03)
Reis, Antonio Fernando
;
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Azevedo, Priscila Domingues de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0544842819862603
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Studart Filho, Nelson
The student learning obtained by memorizing the information transmitted by the teacher's narrative, for further reproduction in the assessment, shows that the classic way of teaching, leads to a mechanical and not significant learning. The proposal of this study is to report the development and application of a Potentially Meaningful Teaching Unit (PMTU) proposed by Moreira, based on the Theory of Meaningful Learning of Ausubel. The proposal was drawn up using the PMTU steps in which, at first the survey of students' prior knowledge about the theme vectors was performed through the collective construction of a conceptual map and then the content of vectors was presented more generally through problem- situations. From that on, each vector operation was addressed more specifically, aiming the progressive differentiation and the integrative reconciliation. The students' performance was accomplished through their active participation and motivation in solving the problem-situations, in class debates, in the construction of maps, in simulations and video productions, that is with the use of The Information and Communication New Technologies of (ICNT). The concepts that were discussed and presented in accordance with the steps of PMTU: scalar greatness, vector greatness, trigonometric relationships in the triangle rectangle, vector addition by the polygon, the parallelogram and components methods, scalar product (real number) by one vector, scalar product and vector product of two vectors. The use of this sequence showed the evidence of occurrence of significant learning by the students and, therefore, many of the difficulties of high school students understanding have been overcome, since they are now familiar with the determination of some physical greatness, through operations with vectors presented in analytical geometry.
Análise da governança plural em franquias agroindustriais: casos de carnes e hortaliças no Centro-Oeste e Sul do Brasil
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-08-04)
Rodrigues, Fernanda Chaves
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Paulillo, Luiz Fernando de Oriani e
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9919942357089937
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4224347800783976
The Transaction Costs Economics is an important analytical tool in the study of microeconomic organization of firms, especially concerning governance structures adopted by them. Although it is a widespread theory, as the New Institutional Economics as a whole, its empirical application is still incipient in the context of organizational plurality, given that it aims deterministic solutions where transactional attributes align to an optimum governance, which minimizes transaction costs. However, companies often combine alternative forms of governance for the same type of transaction in a given institutional environment, which suggests that the understanding of governance is richer than the choice of alternatives modes of coordination. Therefore, it is extremely desirable the incorporation of plural forms phenomenon to Transaction Costs Economics, so in this research it is proposed, through two case studies, to identify the factors that influence the adoption of plural forms of governance on small size regional franchises from agrifood sector, on structuration and those are suppliers/producers of premiums goods. The choice of franchises as study object due to the fact that these are empirical cases of organizational plurality by excellence, because is usual the concomitant operation of owned and franchisees stores, besides the abundant data about the sector. Moreover, the focus in the agrifood segment is justified by its importance to the Brazilian economy, and mainly by the intrinsic peculiarities of its products – such as perishability and seasonality –, inducing agents to adopt solutions that are faster and more efficient in the management of their businesses. Size, niche market, time and operating range are regularities observed in both cases, similarities that allow comparing them to obtain higher-level theoretical findings, which abstract from the specificities of units analysis. Not only it was listed the reasons why such franchises adopt the organizational plurality, but also this study contributed to the incorporation of plural forms in the analytical scope of traditional Transaction Costs Economics. This research contributed to it in three ways: a) it was evident that the particularities of agrifood chains and products play an important role in the use of organizational plurality in the cases examined; b) the concepts of complexity, strategic behavior and ambiguity proved to be empirically valid and robust at the explanation of the phenomenon of plural forms, and the attributes of transactions contributed to this due to the various interfaces found between them and the other studied constructs; and c) the traditional factors that usually define the optimal hierarchical level in a franchise network, also help to justify why to adopt the organizational plurality in the examined companies, mainly to lead to an increased market power and better strategic positioning of the franchisor front of their franchisees.
Dinâmica fluvial e urbanização na bacia do Ribeirão Itapetinga município de Atibaia - SP: subsídios para o ensino de Geografia
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-08-04)
Souza, Luís Gustavo Campos
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Arruda, Emerson Martins
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3883710507177933
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6180150524016630
Understanding the social and environmental processes occurring in a watershed, and creating educational strategies to facilitate the mediation of knowledge related to the environment of contextualized way emerge as a priority in the contemporary world. Thus, the objectives of this study was the analysis of natural and human constraints active in fluvial dynamics of the basin of Ribeirão Itapetinga, Atibaia-SP and the development of geography teaching activities for students of the 8th year of a state school of São Paulo, in the context of Milieu Analysis, using the watershed as a spatial unit of analysis. The research was divided into two chapters. The first deals with the analysis of natural and human factors working in the area of the basin, such as average rainfall, geomorphology and types of use and occupation of land. The second chapter relates to the application of teaching-learning approaches for students of a public school, supported by the information in the study area. Among the conditions that influence the dynamics of river basin are: waterproofing and soil erosion, problems in the planning of urban drainage, irregular occupation of river plains, deforestation, lack of riparian vegetation at certain points. Among the natural order factors, the high average precipitation and relief features were the most decisive. The educational activities were very important to the expansion of knowledge of the students, as they facilitated the process of teaching and learning, making it more meaningful and oriented citizenship
Laminação sob atmosfera controlada dos sistemas MgH2 e MgH2 - LaNi5 para armazenagem de hidrogênio
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-08-04)
Coavas, Jose Jaime Marquez
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Leiva, Daniel Rodrigo
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6576844591900987
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Ishikawa, Tomaz Toshimi
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5726055117451807
Magnesium hydride is a promisor candidate for H2 storage, manly due its high hydrogen gravimetric capacity (7.6% wt), low density, abundance and low cost. However, its H-absorption/desorption occurs only at temperatures around 673 K with slow kinetics. Moreover, Mg and MgH2 surfaces are highly reactive, easily forming MgO and/or Mg(OH)2 layers that lower the level the hydrogen storage properties. It described in the literature that the use the severe plastic deformation technique or the incorporation of additives such as LaNi5 improve the hydriding/dehydriding kinetics and lower the dehydrogenation temperature of Mg-based composites. In the present study, Mg-based hydrogen storage alloys has been developed in the following systems: MgH2 and MgH2 + LaNi5 using the cold rolling (CR) under inert atmosphere. The aspect analyzed in this study were the processing parameters (number of passes and roll rotation frequency) and the additive incorporation (LaNi5) during the processing and Habs / des behavior. The micro and nanoestrutural characterization for the obtained materials were made by means of X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning a transmission electron microscopy (SEM and TEM), and the correlation of results obtained with the process route, showed that larger number of rolling passes and high frequency produces nanocomposites with great improvements in the hydrogen storage properties. Furthermore, was observed a catalytic effect with the addition of LaNi5 to MgH2, due the formation of new phases in hydriding/dehydriding process. The best result for hydrogen storage were obtained for the system MgH2+1,50 mol.% LaNi5 with low Habsorption / desorption temperatures, aspect interesting for MgH2.
Universidade, Extensão e Sociedade : um estudo das ações na área da saúde na UFSCar (2004/2014)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-08-04)
Barros, Regina Lourenço de
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Cepêda, Vera Alves
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4917331423373631
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8721236209605568
The university extension is a communication channel between the university and society. By extension, the university can keep in contact with reality and participate in the solution of social problems, contributing to local and national development. Development means not only economic growth but includes changes in society aimed at improving the quality of life. In this sense, health has substantial involvement in the concept of development. Universities - notably the UFSCar – have been directing much of their extension actions to the health field. Within this context, the aim of this study was to analyze the university extension activities of UFSCar in the health area, notedly the activities developed in the Department of Medicine (DMed) to evaluate its contribution to the development of the city of São Carlos. A survey was conducted to identify the extension activities related to health between 2004 and 2014, recorded in ProExWeb information channel of the Pro-Rectory of UFSCar extension. Then the Dmed activities were analyzed to check the different types of actions undertaken and its potential to contribute to the improvement of health quality of the residents of São Carlos. As a result of this research it was observed that UFSCar conducted a very large amount of healthrelated activities in this period. The number of these activities came steadily growing over time in the various departments directly linked to the training of health professionals, with special emphasis on the Department of Medicine (DMed). From this research we can infer that these activities contributed to improvement in education, promotion, prevention, recovery and rehabilitation in the health area of São Carlos region.
Achieving non-malicious arbitrary fault tolerance in Paxos through hardening techniques
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-08-04)
Barbieri, Rodrigo Rocco
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Vieira, Gustavo Maciel Dias
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9020007815886406
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9446450974583992
Due to the widespread adoption of distributed systems when building applications, demand for reliability and availability has increased. These properties can be achieved through replication techniques using algorithms that must be capable of tolerating faults. Certain faults such as arbitrary faults, however, may be more difficult to tolerate, resulting in more complex and resource intensive algorithms that end up being not very practical to use. Using an existing benign fault-tolerant middleware based on Paxos, we propose and experiment with the usage of consistency validation techniques and a distributed validation mechanism to harden it, thus allowing any application built on top of this hardened middleware to tolerate non-malicious arbitrary faults.
RS/AT: uma abordagem para aplicação de análise temática em revisão sistemática
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-08-04)
Gastaldi, Rafael Adabo
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Fabbri, Sandra Camargo Pinto Ferraz
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2204086299921323
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3539083318085288
Context: Systematic reviews have been increasingly applied in computing area and are used to perform a broad literature search and generate the state of the art, or evidences on an issue. For this, primary studies are identified, selected and entirely read, leading to a hard work of reading and analysis. Thematic analysis is a way to analyze data qualitatively, through the identification of relevant information that are grouped into categories. Aim: Present the RS/AT approach that applies thematic analysis in the context of systematic reviews, with computational support, aiming to extract relevant data from the literature gathered in the review. Method: Once defined how to use thematic analysis in the systematic review process, the computational support was developed based on the StArt tool (which supports systematic reviews) and the Insight tool (which supports the qualitative analysis and, therefore, the thematic analysis). Experimental studies were conducted to evaluate the feasibility of the approach application and possible contributions to the data extraction of the systematic review process. Results: Results showed that (i) when using the RS/AT approach, less experienced researchers in the subject of the review managed to extract similar data to researchers with more experience; (ii) the amount of data extracted with the approach was higher than using the extraction form; and (iii) the researchers considered helpful the computational support developed. Conclusions:The results of the studies provide insights that the RS/AT approach is feasible in practice, it avoids rework during the data extraction and it leads to a greater amount of extracted data when compared with the use of data extraction form, which is the traditional approach to extract data in the literature review process.
Indicadores de patentes para o monitoramento tecnológico em aços para dutos utilizados em transporte de hidrocarbonetos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-08-05)
Oliveira, Bráulio Salumão de
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Leiva, Daniel Rodrigo
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6576844591900987
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Ishikawa, Tomaz Toshimi
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5726055117451807
Most part of the hydrocarbons reserves used in the global energy matrix are far from their main consumer markets. One of the most technically and economically viable means for such transport is carrying it out through pipelines, mostly built in steel. Technical challenges such as low temperatures and acid environments demands innovative products and processes that, consequently, require research and development of new materials and processes. This study aimed to analyze the technological development of steel for hydrocarbons pipelines through the patent indicators from documents indexed in the Derwent Innovations Index base between the years 1971 and 2014. The developed indicators includes temporal evolution, life cycle of technology, identification of the alloying elements, technologies for products processing and properties required, and also comparison among major developers and their interest markets. The number of patent documents on the subject increased significantly during the study period. Some countries stand out due to the number of patent applications with different behaviors about their inventions protection along other territories. The main holders are Japanese companies while China was the country that had the highest growth trend of deposits in steels for pipelines. The most prominent alloys were those containing manganese, chromium, molybdenum and titanium additions, and these are intended to assist in the technological challenges, like the improvement of mechanical properties and resistance to sour environments, while in terms of production processes, the most cited were rolling followed by heat treatments and thermomechanical processes. An analysis from alloys containing manganese at levels above 1.5 wt. % evidences that patent documents in this sector anticipates standards, at least regarding the amount of alloying elements present in the steels.
Identificação de um modelo constitutivo para simulação computacional do processo de prensagem a frio de um material refratário sílico-aluminoso
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-08-05)
Montilha, Fernanda Silveira
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Canto, Rodrigo Bresciani
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1316268411830615
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7536006117229906
One of the methods for the processing of refractory material is cold pressing of the powder material, followed by sintering. Heterogeneous distribution of density can occur in the green compact during pressing because of the friction between the particles of the material and the pressing tools, that may hinder the sintering step. In this context, the simulation of the pressing process constitutes an important tool for the study and improvement of this step, to obtain green compacts with good microstructural homogeneity and also analyze the pressing tools to optimize its design in industrial applications. The identification of a constitutive model to represent the powder material is required to perform the simulation and it is the most complex step. The Drucker-Prager/Cap model implemented in the commercial software of finite elements, AbaqusTM, is suitable primarily for soil compaction study and is able to simulate the mechanical compaction of particulate materials. The parameters of this model have been obtained for a silico-aluminous refractory by a combination of simple, diametrical and hydrostatic compression tests. In studies available in the literature, the material models are partially identified, and in many cases, inadequate simplifications are applied. This study aimed to identify the parameters of the material model more precisely using the digital images correlation technique in the mechanical tests, which enabled a greater understanding of the yielding mechanisms and the achievement of data not obtained by conventional techniques. This methodology allowed the identification of a constitutive model and it was valitaded by the good agrrement between experimental results and those obtained in computer simulations, applied to a uniaxial case followed by isostatic pressing.
Geração de expiração ativa : mecanismos centrais e implicações nas alterações cardiorrespiratórias associadas à hipóxia intermitente
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-08-05)
Lemes, Eduardo Vieira
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Zoccal, Daniel Breseghello
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1958567557189244
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4582026067824646
The exposure to periods of hypoxemia and reoxygenation, as observed in patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), promotes compensatory increases in ventilation, sympathetic activity and blood pressure (BP), by mechanisms not fully understood. In the present study, we investigated the central mechanisms responsible for the cardiorespiratory changes induced by acute intermittent hypoxia (AIH; 10 episodes of 6-7% O2 for 45 sec, every 5 min hyperoxia) either in adult male rats (270-280 g) anesthetized with urethane (1.2 g / kg, ip) or in in situ working heart-brainstem preparations of juvenile male rats (65-75 g). In in situ preparations, the AIH promoted long-term facilitation (LTF), of at least 1 hour, in the phrenic nerve (PN), abdominal (AbN) and thoracic sympathetic (tSN) activities (n=9, P<0.05). In these animals, we observed that the increase in tSN activity induced by AIH occurred during the late part of expiratory period, namely late-expiratory (late-E) phase, coupled with the emergence of late-E bursts in AbN activity. Considering studies showing the role of serotonin (5-HT) as the mediator of cardiorespiratory changes elicited by AIH, we verified that ketanserin (5-HT2 antagonist) microinjections in the RTN/pFRG in anesthetized rats, during AIH exposure, prevented the increase in abdominal motor activity (ABD) evoked by AIH (n=5, P<0.05), indicating the involvement of 5-HT2 receptor of RTN/pFRG in the generation of active expiration induced by AIH. We also showed that repeated activation of 5-HT2 receptors (3x every 5 min) in the RTN/pFRG of in situ preparation, using DOI, promoted LTF of the PN, AbN and tSN activities (n=9, P<0.05). Interestingly, the increase in the late-E AbN activity induced by DOI in the RTN/pFRG was critical for the development of sympathetic overactivity during late-E phase (n=9, P<0.05), similarly to the pattern observed in in situ preparations subjected to AIH. Microinjections of vehicle in the RTN/pFRG did not change PN, AbN and tSN activities. The increase in respiratory and sympathetic activities promoted by DOI microinjection in the RTN/pFRG was associated to sensitization/facilitation of CO2- drive to breath, since the exposure to hypocapnia eliminated the respiratory activity in control in situ preparation, but not in preparation that received DOI into the RTN/pFRG (n=9, P<0.05). Furthermore, we verified that the DOI-induced sensitization in the RTN/pFRG, which was determinant for the development of respiratory and sympathetic LTF, also depended on glutamatergic neurotransmission in the RTN/pFRG (n=9, P<0.05), because microinjections of kynurenic acid (glutamate receptor antagonist) were able to eliminate the respiratory and sympathetic LTF. Indeed, we found that glutamatergic neurotransmission of the RTN/pFRG is essential for the generation of active expiration, since kynurenic microinjections in the RTN/pFRFG of control in situ preparations abolished the late-E bursts in AbN and tSN induced by hypercapnia. Altogether, our data indicate that interactions between serotonergic and glutamatergic mechanisms in the RTN/pFRG is an essential mechanism for the occurrence of active expiration and late-E sympathetic overactivity after AIH exposure. Moreover, our findings suggest that the activation of 5-HT2 receptors in the RTN/pFRG modulates the excitation of central chemoreceptors of this area, through sensitization/facilitation of glutamatergic mechanisms.
Reforma a vapor do etanol sobre catalisadores de Co - Ni/MgAl2O4: propriedades estruturais e catalíticas em função da temperatura de reação
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-08-05)
Braga, Adriano Henrique
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Santos, João Batista Oliveira dos
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0285313473901330
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Bueno, José Maria Corrêa
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0157452280626031
This thesis studied the effect of Co addition to Ni-based catalysts, focused on electronic and structural modification, as well as how these changes interfere on the catalytic properties, like reaction pathway and carbon accumulation towards steam reforming of ethanol (SRE), addressed by in-situ and ex-situ methods. Two series of bimetallic CoNi catalysts with different total metal loading of 8 and 15 wt% were prepared by impregnation of MgAl2O4 support with aqueous solution of Co and Ni salts. Different techniques were used for physicochemical characterization of the samples based on X-ray methodos and electron microscopy. Catalytic tests of ethanol steam reforming were carried out in a wide temperature region from 300 to 650°C. The dependence of ethanol conversion and product distribution as a function of metal loading and temperature reaction were evaluated. It was shown that the undesirable methane formation over Ni catalyst is hindered by Co addition. X-ray based characterization of bimetallic CoNi system suggested that: (i) a spinel-like phase NiCo2O4 is formed, which once reduced originates an alloy and (ii) the lattice parameters and bond distance are changed compared to those of parent metals. X-ray spectroscopy showed a presence of Ni in oxidation state of +3, and that this high valence specie is enhanced when the particle size is decreased by the decrease of metal loading. Results of in-situ characterization showed the dynamics of the catalysts towards ethanol reforming. With Co addition, the level of surface oxide driven by reaction stream increases sensibly, modifying the catalytic properties. The alloy has different redox behavior with respect to the monometallic catalysts, being easily oxidized than monometallic Ni, and on the other hand it controls the oxidation better than monometallic Co. Thus, the alloy is an important factor in the behavior of the catalysts with respect to carbon accumulation and the selectivity to methane during SRE, both diminished compared to Ni. Regarding metal particle size of bimetallic catalysts, the large particles (9,9 nm) are more insensible to reaction atmosphere, whereas at smaller nanoparticles (4,2 nm), the surface composition is tuned by the redox potential of reactants and products. Consequently, a distinct reaction pathway is caused by the change in structure of the bimetallic catalyst, improving the stability towards SRE. These data point to important features that influence the performance of classical catalysts for ethanol reforming reaction, thus playing a key role for the development of novel materials.
A origem da violência nas aulas de educação física : a prática pedagógica do professor
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-08-05)
Mello, Tiago Lepre
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Campos, Douglas Aparecido de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7847352503840983
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8270868940879642
Violence is a historical and cultural phenomenon present in human social relations in all dimensions of society. The school is not immune to the influences of society and the violence invades the school environment becoming frequent in its daily routine. The teacher's pedagogic practice is responsible for the educational and relational process that happens in class and, consequently, has a responsibility in the creation of violence manifestations, which may hamper the development of teaching and put at risk the student’s integrity. In order to contribute to discussions related to the teacher's work (teaching methodology, content, pedagogical intervention, teacher-student relationship, professional attitude, commitment to the profession, and so forth), the overall objective of the research was to identify, analyze and discuss the origin of violence in Physical Education classes, and specific objectives have been identified the types of violence manifested in classes and situat ions cause that gave rise to it, analyzing aspects of teaching practice of Physical Education teacher who present relationship with the origin and development of situations cause for violence. The research was conducted with two groups of 5th year primary school students, during Physical Education classes of two municipal public schools in Porto Ferreira/São Paulo, Brazil. In research methodology, we used a qualitative approach to the descriptive explanatory type, and the data collection was done through the following methodological tools: diary, in which data from thirty-seven lessons observed were noted; semi-structured interview with the two Physical Education teachers; questionnaire with students; and analysis of the Pedagogical Political Project of both schools. Based on data analysis, it was identified that the pedagogical practices licentious and teacher’s authoritarianism enables the establishment of environments conducive to the emergence of nine situations cause of violence: physical contact group activity; match error; sum game; game rule; exclusion; idleness; unfriendly relationship between teacher and student; punitive practice; and the exercise of teaching authoritarianism. Such situations triggered physical, verbal, psychological and disruptive violence manifestations among school components. It considers in this clipping, that the licentious and authoritarian practices developed by the teacher relates to the promotion of spaces for social interaction susceptible to the emergence of conflict situations, which allow the students to express their violent behavior in Physical Education classes.
Atividade fitotóxica de extratos foliares de Piptocarpha rotundifolia (candeia) (Less.) Baker – Asteraceae
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-08-08)
Accarini, Raissa Barcha
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Gualtieri, Sonia Cristina Juliano
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9973185407856723
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3903098927490904
The Brazillian savanna is one of the largest vegetation with 2,036,448 km2, about 22% of the national territory. This bioma is considered a global hotspot (Mittermeier et al., 2004) and consists of three biomes: tropical fields, grasslands and dry forests (Batalha, 2011; Brasil, 2015). Cerrado flora has a high species richness with herbs, shrubs, tree and vines, totaling 12,356 species occurring spontaneously, as well as a native vascular flora (ferns and phanerogams) totaling 11,627 species (Mendonça et al., 2008) .However, the chemical potential of its plant species is still underutilized. Research plants with allelopathic activity comes against the need to introduce new alternatives in the management of agricultural pests. Studies on the biological effects of these chemical compounds represent an important tool for the development of more specific agrochemicals natural and less harmful to the environment. Piptocarpha rotundifolia (Less.) - Baker belongs to the Asteraceae family, considered the most representative of the brazilian cerrado eudicotyledons, but there are few published works that deal with potential investigations phytotoxic of this species and its secondary metabolites. Thus, the main objective of this study was to analyze the phytotoxic potential of P. rotundifolia extracts, fractions and subfractions on target species of vegetables and weeds and the mode of action of the same. In the first step of this work, an extraction in order of increasing polarity was done and the phytotoxic potential of crude extracts was evaluated on the growth of wheat coleoptile, germination and seedling growth of mono and eudicotyledons invasive and vegetable species: wild poinsettia (Euphorbia heterophylla L.), guinea grass (Megathyrsus maximus J.), onion (Allium cepa L.) and sesame (Sesamum indicum L.), respectively, as well as the evaluation of the root sesame metaxylem cell growth. The acetone extract (D) was selected for the fractionation, due the mass (2370 mg) and and the inhibitory activity on the growth of wheat coleoptile good as on the germination growth indicator target species (onion and sesame) and invasive (wild poinsettia and guinea grass). This fractions and subfractions were also tested on the growth of wheat coleoptile and those who had higher incomes and inhibitory activity (D1 and D1A) were selected for the following bioguided fractioning. After, a liquid-liquid extraction was performed using the extracts 1 (hexane), 2 (ethyl acetate) and 3 (aqueous) and, among these, the extract 2 showed inhibitory activity on the growth of wheat coleoptile and also on the germination and growth of the target species, as well as significantly reduced metaxylem cell root growth of sesame seedlings. Therefore, this extract was refractionated by a countertop chromatography column, and the fraction with the highest income was denominated (2L), then refractioned. The resulting subfractions were tested only growing wheat coleoptile. To complete the survey, a chemical profile analysis was conducted using the extracts, fractions and subfractions of P. rotundifolia from both extraction methodologies, performing the ultra efficiency liquid chromatography technique, which has found a compound identified as glaucolide b and two other compounds known to the genre. Thus, the species Piptocarpha rotundifolia shown as promissing in the search of phytotoxic compounds due to their phytotoxic activity presented by their compounds.
Usos de portfólios em diferentes práticas: um olhar de uma educadora
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-08-08)
Martins, Karinne de Pádua Gonçalves
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Vilela, Denise Silva
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8155152145332951
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2137111427177262
In this research we intend to analyze the meanings of the term “portfolio through the use of practices in which it is employed. The theoretical and methodological framework was based on aspects of Wittgenstein’s philosophy therapy. In an exercise to go through the uses, we undertake word descriptions portfolio present in three distinct social practices: the economy, the arts and education, selected for its higher incidence of use. Therefore this investigation was guided by the following question: Which meaning has been assigned to the word “portfolio” in different practices and educational context? The aim is to question exclusivist images and enlarge the concept in a therapeutic exercise to go through the uses of portfolios in linguistic praxis. The methodological resources were bibliographic analysis in academic texts and semi-structured interviews with teachers of municipal institutions, state and federal of networks Uberlândia (MG) teaching. Such analyses contemplate several meanings, among many others possible for the term “portfolio”.
Desenvolvimento de um processo de cultivo de células de Drosophila melanogaster S2 em biorreator com agitação induzida por ondas para produção da glicoproteína recombinante do vírus da raiva
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-08-08)
Decarli, Monize Caiado
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Suazo, Cláudio Alberto Torres
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9591447226240450
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1145256358692742
Although effective, current vaccinations against rabies, one of the most lethal infectious diseases in the world, present security issues of administration and production costs. In this scenario, modern biotechnology has become a source of new alternatives of great interest for vaccine production. The main antigen capable of conferring neutralizing immune response against infection by rabies virus is the glycoprotein of rabies virus (RVGP), which the production by recombinant DNA technology has been developed by researchers at the Viral Immunology Laboratory (LIV) of the Butantan Institute of São Paulo using various expression systems in Drosophila melanogaster S2 cells. One of the latest developments is S2MtRVGP-H-His cell line, obtained by stable transfection with plasmids containing cDNA from other components of RVGP and histidine tag to facilitate purification, both under control of the inducicle metallothionein promoter. This work aims to study the kinetic characteristics of cell growth and production of recombinant glycoprotein rRVGP rabies virus strain of Drosophila melanogaster S2MtRVGP-H-His, in order to evaluate the potential of a bioreactor with agitation induced by waves (Wave) for the scale-up production of rRVGP. The first stage of the study, involving batch cultures in 20 mL Schott bottle with commercial culture medium Sf900-III, allowed us to determine the optimal temperature of cultivation (28ºC), time of induction of expression (72 h), the specific growth rate ranging from 0.022 to 0,034 h-1; maximum cell density 1.82×107 cel.mL-¹ and rRVGP produced from 0.07 to 0.99 μg.mL-1. Based on these results, was started the second part of the study performed in the Single-use Wave bioreactor, involving batch cultures with 650 mL of Sf900-III, with 60% of dissolved oxygen and pH ranging without control from 6.2 to 7.0. The culture in the bioreactor showed maximum specific growth rate of 0,035 h-1, maximum cell density was 1.1×107cel.mL-¹ and RVGP produced 0.85 μg.mL-1. The production of large scale rRVGP with S2MtRVGP-H-His cells using the Wave bioreactor has shown to be viable, reproducible and with high potential to scale-up.
Efeito de três diferentes protocolos de treinamento, resistido, aeróbico e combinado, na modulação da omentina e vaspina em modelo experimental de diabetes mellitus tipo 2
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-08-08)
Castro, Cynthia Aparecida de
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Malavazi, Iran
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Anibal, Fernanda de Freitas
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1569614985704317
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Duarte, Ana Cláudia Garcia de Oliveira
This study aims to determine the effects of three different exercise modalities (aerobic, strength and combined) on the production of the adipokines Omentin and Vaspin in obese mice with type 2 diabetes mellitus. To this end, male Wistar rats received a fat rich diet for 4 weeks and a low dose of streptozotocin (35 mg / kg) in order to induce experimental diabetes. After induction, 5 non-diabetic and 5 diabetic mice were euthanized. The remaining animals were divided into eight experimental groups (n = 10): sedentary non-diabetic (SN): resistance training non-diabetic (TRN); non-diabetic aerobic training (TAN); combined training nondiabetic (TCN); sedentary diabetic (SD); resistance training diabetic (TRD); diabetic aerobic training (TAD); combined diabetic training (TCD). These groups were submitted to exercise for 12 weeks, 3 times per week. The resistance training was held at staircase with protocol until exhaustion; the aerobic training consisted in treadmill protocols of 30 min/ day reaching 20m/min; the combined training consisted in two protocols with a minimum interval of 6 hours between sessions. Body weight and food intake were measured daily. At the end of the trial period animals were euthanized by decapitation. Blood was collected as well as tissues samples of liver, epididymal white adipose tissue (EPI), retroperitoneal (RET) and visceral (VIS). In addition, gastrocnemius muscle (GAST), brachioradialis and pancreas were removed and immediately weighed. Serum concentrations of TNF-α cytokines, IL-6, PCR, CXCL8, IL-10, IL-4 and adipokines omentin, vaspin and adiponectin were determined by ELISA; and protein expression of omentin and vaspin were done by Western blotting analysis. Results are expressed as mean and standard error, statistical comparisons were made by variance analysis, with p <0.05 being considered significant. Our results showed that the high fat diet protocol of streptozotocin with low dose was effective in inducing experimental diabetes mellitus type 2. In eutrophic groups the protocols did not change the blood glucose, but improved the lipid profile, where TRN reduced triglyceride, total cholesterol reduced TAN, TCN increased HDL-C omentin and vaspin. There are no changes in the studied adipokines by the available protocols, although inflammatory markers as IL-6 and CRP were reduced by TAN. CXCL8 values increased in the TCN group, but IL-6 and CRP values were significantly reduced. Diabetic animals, specifically TRD group had improved the lipid profile of diabetic rats. TAD group showed reduced abdominal fat deposits and RET VIS prevented the increase in blood glucose, decreased IL-6 and CRP increased circulating adiponectin and increased omentin in visceral adipose tissue. As for the TCD group it showed x increased inflammatory markers and reduced vaspin values in muscle, but there were no changes in the omentin in adipose tissue. Furthermore, omentin showed a strong positive correlation with the adiponectin and moderate negative correlation with IL-6. Thus, we conclude that diabetes induction protocol was effective. in developing the experimental type 2 diabetes; resistance, aerobic and combined training did not change omentin and vaspin values in non-diabetic rats, but improved the lipid profile and inflammation. In diabetic animals aerobic workout was effective in promoting improvement in glycemia, increasing the concentration of omentin, and decreasing inflammation, confirming that this is related to the inflammatory profile in diabetic rats.