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Representações de brinquedos, relevos e descrição oral por crianças com deficiência visual
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-08-25) Ferroni, Giovana Mendes; Gil, Maria Stella Coutinho de Alcântara; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1673770301699940; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4635554578426970
The research objective was to analyze the repertory of representations of means of transportation also called “vehicles” (Aircraft, bicycle, car, sail boat, train and helicopter) expressed in modeling clay, drawing and oral description of children with visual deficiency with the use of models like toys, or reliefs or the reading of the description of a mean of transportation made by the child itself. Participating in the study were two boys with congenital blindness (A and N) and two girls with low vision (G and K) with visual deficiency without any other deficiency associated, with ages between six and nine years old. The research was developed in two institutions frequented by the participants. One of them non-governmental and the other municipal, both specialized in the caring of people with visual deficiency, and localized in two midsize cities in the intern of São Paulo State, where the participants were receiving caring. A period of familiarization between researcher and participant preceded the data collect. The procedure of data collect was made in the following sequence of steps: Repertoire Survey, Intervention, Replication of the repertoire survey and creation of a mean of transportation. The Intervention consisted in presenting the participants the models: toy, relief and orally reading the oral description made by the child itself. In front of each model the children were requested to say the name of the object presented, play the model on a sequence of activities in which they used the modeling clay, pencil and paper to do a drawing and the oral production of the model which was worked on both previous conditions (modeling and drawing). During the confection of the representations the children answered questions about the characteristics and functions of the object presented. The data analysis guided itself by: 1- The component elements featured by the children and the characteristics attributed by them to the mean of transportation in the representations by modeling, drawing and oral description; 2- the type of model used during the intervention: toy, relief and reading of the oral description; 3- the creation of a vehicle using modeling clay, drawing and description. The results showed that, in the absence of models, in dealing with the component elements, the participants with low vision highlighted the external in their productions, for example, wheel, door, while the blind highlighted the internal, like, seat, steering wheel. However, when toys or reliefs were presented, the blind participants also highlighted in their productions the external elements. In the oral description, it was noted that all the children described above all the component elements and the aspects of the function played by them or the vehicles. However, in the oral descriptions of toy models or relief, they referred proportionally more times to the component elements. In reference to the used models in the intervention, the results indicated modifications in the drawing representations, modeling and oral description of the participants, if compared to the productions in the absence of the models. When there was the presentation of the toys to the blind participant, his productions in modeling clay were made on the same representation pattern of the toy, while that the drawing was made in a superior point of view, that is an object seen from the top. When there was the presentation of a relief model, the productions in drawing and modeling clay of the blind participant followed the flat point of view of the relief representation. When the reading of the oral description happened, the representations of the blind participant didn’t change. As to participant K, with low vision, the representations remained adopting the flat point of view for the three types of model. About the vehicle creation step, highlight itself that participant K, with low vision, created a new mean of transportation. The other participants (A, N and G) made means of transportation that had been worked during the intervention. The results empirically proved that the productions of the children with visual deficiency are different from the ones produced by children that can see, seen that they organize the world the notice by other sensorial channels other than the vision. This results were deep-set with the findings about the differences of production between children with visual deficiency. The representations of the blind children and of the ones with low vision considered different points of view; this results contribute to the discussion about the comparing between psychic children, children with visual deficiency/blindness and children with visual deficiency/low vision. It is believed that the results obtained in this work contribute to the discussions, even sparse, about the representations of children with visual deficiency.
Lipase “whole-cell” de Streptomyces clavuligerus : produção, caracterização e aplicação em meio orgânico
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-08-25) Santos, Jéssica Bravin Carmello dos; Cruz, Rosineide Gomes da Silva; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6200510011641845; Tardioli, Paulo Waldir; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0808991927126468; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2060031479879503
Cell-associated lipases have been considered biocatalysts economically advantageous because they are produced at low cost, avoiding further recovery or purification steps. Few studies regarding Streptomyces clavuligerus lipase have reported the production of extracellular enzyme, although at first this had been considered a cell-associated enzyme. In this context, the aim of this work was the production of the cell-associated lipase from Streptomyces clavuligerus (whole-cell lipase, Sc-WCL) by submerged fermentation, the biochemical characterization of the enzyme and its use in the synthesis of butyl butyrate, an aroma ester with industrial importance. The culture conditions on rotary shaker and the operational parameters for cultivation in bioreactor were evaluated in order to establish a protocol for Sc- WCL production. The conditions for S. clavuligerus cultivation in rotary shaker that resulted in maximal hydrolytic activity of Sc-WCL (3,000 U.L-1) were: baffled flask, free-glycerol production medium, pH 6.8 and 28 °C. The operational parameters in bench reactor that resulted in maximal volumetric productivity of Sc-WCL (54 U.L-1.h-1) were agitation of 400 rpm and aeration of 1 vvm. The maximal volumetric productivity in bioreactor operated under selected conditions (52.5 U.L-1.h-1) was reached after 24 h, while similar productivity in rotary shaker (54.8 U.L-1.h -1) was achieved only after 48 h fermentation. The catalytic potential of Sc-WCL in hydrolysis reactions was comparable to the commercial lipase preparations. Sc- WCL was more active at 60 °C and pH 10.7, and stable at 30-40 °C after 1 h incubation at pH 10. For butyl butyrate synthesis catalyzed by Sc-WCL, the reaction conditions that resulted in higher ester conversion (85%) were: 5 g of Sc-WCL/ L, molar ratio of fatty acid: alcohol 1:1 in heptane and 8 h reaction. The stability at alkaline pH and organic medium (leastwise in heptane and butanol), associated with the low cost, make Sc-WCL attractive in industrial applications, such as flavors synthesis, detergent formulations, hydrolysis of vegetable oils, among others.
Oxidação de CO sobre catalisadores de Co e/ou Mn modificados com Mo e suportados em SBA-15 – Efeito do método de preparação e da presença de vapor de água e dióxido de enxofre na atividade catalítica
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-08-25) Lima, Thiago de Melo; Urquieta-González, Ernesto Antonio; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2389975677904655; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8372774850175606
The increasing demand for oil and oil derived products contributed to the alarming increase in the gaseous pollutants emissions in general and mainly contributed to the increase in carbon monoxide (CO) emissions in the worldwide. Besides being delivered on fossil fuels burning processes, a large amount of CO is also generated during the oil refining process, especially in the fluid catalytic cracking unit (FCC). In order to reduce the costs associated to the CO oxidation catalysts many efforts have been devoted to substitution of noble metals by non-noble transition metals, such as cobalt oxides and manganese oxides. However, the biggest challenge for this replacement is to keep the activity of these catalysts in the presence of interfering agents, such as SO2 and H2O, which might deactivate the catalysts or even inhibit the CO oxidation reaction. In this context, the aim of this study is to evaluate the activity of cobalt and/or manganese catalysts, promoted or not by molybdenum and supported on mesoporous molecular sieve type SBA-15 in the CO oxidation reaction in the presence of SO2 (450 ppm) and H2O (10% V/V). These catalysts were prepared by three different methods: (i) impregnation, (ii) deposition-precipitation using microwave and (iii) one-pot. It is noteworthy that the catalysts prepared by the methods of deposition-precipitation and one-pot represents a major breakthrough regarding to green synthesis methods, since they allowed representative savings of energy and water. It was found that the one-pot and deposition-precipitation methods yielded catalysts with high dispersion of the active phase and quite active in CO oxidation reaction. Furthermore, analysis of XRD, Raman, EPR, UV-Vis, XPS and H2-TPR revealed that the one-pot method yielded better dispersion of the molybdenum species over the SBA-15 support, which provided excellent resistance to the cobalt and/or manganese catalysts to SO2 and H2O poisoning. Moreover, the catalysts promoted by molybdenum and prepared by the deposition-precipitation method were composed by cobalt or manganese molybdates, as indicated by XRD, Raman, UV-Vis and XPS techniques, which are less active in the CO oxidation reaction. The catalysts promoted by molybdenum and prepared by the impregnation method possessed a smaller dispersion of the promoter, with the formation of molybdenum oxide, and thus reducing the resistance of these catalysts in the presence of the interfering agents.