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Obtenção de blenda biodegradável PLA: amido para a incorporação do micronutriente manganês
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-09-30)
Malafatti, João Otávio Donizette
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Paris, Elaine Cristina
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8475640212486290
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9880071190362996
The incorporation of particulate fertilizers in polymeric fibers aims to release these active principles from a substrate with a high surface area and biodegradable and biocompatible properties. It also seeks to provide the release thereof, and minimize the effects of leaching, increasing the efficiency of absorption by the roots in direct soil application. Thus, the present study was to interest obtaining a composite biodegradable matrix of acid poly -L- lactic (PLA):starch in the form of fibers, impregnating particulate solids that can act as sources of manganese ions. It is also aimed to assess any improvement in the release of the Mn2+ ions in an aqueous medium by means of variations in the processing of biodegradable blends. PLA fibers were obtained employing the electrospinning method, various solvent systems primarily been studied for obtaining a polymer solution, in order to obtain the best morphological characteristics for the support, such as control of the fiber diameter and porosity. Then there was the addition of different concentrations of starch in order to find the best embodiment of this condition to the fibers. Finally, we performed the inclusion of MnO, MnO2, MnCO3 and MnSO4, to act as sources of manganese ions, in order to observe possible and different interactions of these with the polymer matrix. In the release test, the same concentration of manganese ions 12.5% (w/v) was added experimentally to a medium extractant citric acid 2 % (w/ w) at 25 ° C in a range of 6 days for all the aforementioned precursors. It was observed that the presence of starch in the PLA fiber increased water vapor permeability (WVP) which promotes the degradation of the blend. The incorporation of salts and oxides in the blends PLA:starch used by the process resulted in different effects of the merger, agglomeration and dispersion in the composite due to its grain size and dispersive characteristics in the solvents used. The behavior of salts and manganese oxides embedded in composite promoted the rapid and direct release of assets. The composites PLA:starch is a polymeric support with high surface area which minimizes the effects of leaching allowing direct release of different precursors ion Mn2 + as fertilizer sources.
Abordagens sintéticas para a funcionalização de novas porfirinas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-09-30)
Barona Castaño, Juan Camilo
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Oliveira, Kleber Thiago de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3759761373942891
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1969014633859806
Herein, we optimized some conditions in the synthesis of a β-octasubstitued porphyrin with electron withdrawing groups (1). This system was used to study the bromination of the meso position aiming at subsequent cross-coupling reactions and meso-functionalization of these porphyrin systems (Scheme 3). The main goal was to obtain porphyrin derivatives with modulations in the UV-visible spectra with potential application as photosensitizers for photodynamic therapy treatments (PDT). We found better conditions for the preparation of the porphyrin 1 changing the formaldehyde precursor from trioxane to dimethoxymethane, and reducing the time of second step in the reaction (oxidation of the porphyrinogen). The yield was increased to 13%. After the optimization of 1, different bromination methodologies were tested in order to obtain the meso-bromoporphyrins 2 or 3; but unsuccessfully. In this perspective, we also proposed the synthesis of β-fused porphyrins with imide moieties (Scheme 4), being the functionalized pyrrole 8 the starting material. Porphyrins 9 and 11 might be alternatives for the preparation of new substituted derivatives via cross-coupling reactions, leading to compounds with different photophysical properties. The synthesis of porphyrin 9 was not succeeded by the approaches adopted here, showing only complex mixtures or total degradation of 8. Furthermore, experiments for the formation of dipyrrolmethane 10 were made without any success, precluding the construction of the porphyrin 11. Certain intermediates of interest could be isolated with relative success, and future explorations will be considered.
Filogenia molecular e filogeografia do gênero Salminus (Characiformes)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-09-30)
Silva, Carolina de Barros Machado da
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Galetti Júnior, Pedro Manoel
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7398754661670478
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5400931880079477
Salminus is a genus comprised of four Neotropical medium- and large-sized fishes species, top predators, with both recreational and commercial importance. The paucity of information on taxonomy, phylogeny and phylogeography make appropriate conservation policies difficult for the genus, which is in a significant population decline. For this reason, our goal was, by using mitochondrial (COI, Cytb and D-loop) and nuclear (RAG2 and S7 intron) molecular makers, to elucidate taxonomic uncertainties, identify cryptic diversity, investigate the phylogenetic relationship among the species and infer the historical processes that shaped the current Salminus distribution. To assist in taxonomic issues, we employed the traditional DNA barcoding and GMYC COI-based analyses in 110 specimens, representing the four valid species. In both methodologies, eight MOTUs (molecular operational taxonomic units) were identified. Only two species, Salminus affinis and Salminus franciscanus, represented a MOTU each. The species Salminus brasiliensis and Salminus hilarii were represented by two and four MOTU, respectively. These MOTUs are distributed in distinct hydrographic basins where morphological polymorphisms had already been described. The average intraspecific distances greater than the optimal threshold of 1.1% (S. brasiliensis – 3.6%, e S. hilarii – 5%), reinforce the idea of more taxonomic units in Salminus. The multiloci analysis recovered interesting information about the cryptic diversity: the paraphyletic mitochondrial lineages of S. brasiliensis, one from Upper Paraná river and another composed of specimens from the other regions of the Platina basin, formed a unique monophyletic group. For S. hilarii, despite the four MOTUs observed, only three of them were recovered. Therefore, based on multiloci analysis and phylogenetic species concept, we proposed a new taxonomic scenario for Salminus. The genus is now composed of six species: S. affinis, S. franciscanus, S. brasiliensis, S. hilarii, Salminus sp. Amazonas and Salminus sp. Araguaia. The phylogeny reconstruction refuted hypotheses previously proposed. S. affinis, the only trans-Andean species, was the sister species of the other Salminus, which formed two main groups: Northwest group, composed of S. sp. Amazonas and S. sp. Araguaia, and Southeast group, formed by S. brasiliensis, S. franciscanus and S. hilarii. The divergence processes among Salminus began in Later Miocene and it is associated with vicariance and geodispersion events that shaped the hydrological landscape in the past 12 million years. For the first time, it was used a model-based approach in order to test alternative biogeographic scenarios and to distinguish phylogeography signatures among the events responsible for Neotropical fishes’ diversification. We evidenced that the distinct vicariance and geodispersion signatures could be detected in our biological model. A clear description of these species brings in a valuable information for conservation, because, now, six biological units need to be protected. As these species are located in distinct hydrographic basins, each basin becomes one important biogeographic unit to maintain the evolutionary and ecological processes that sustain the species permanence and diversity.
Zircônia CO-dopada por compensação de cargas nos sistemas (ZrO2)1-(x+y)(InO1,5)x(MOz)y com MOz = TaO2,5, NbO2,5, MoO3 ou WO3, como revestimento para barreira térmica
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-09-30)
Piva, Roger Honorato
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Morelli, Márcio Raymundo
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0172837599844991
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0515321727144523
InO1.5-stabilized zirconia (InSZ) is a potential hot corrosion resistant thermal barrier coating (TBC). However, the thermal instability prevents real applications of InSZ-based TBC. This thesis investigates the hypothesis of co-doping using the charge compensation to improve the phase stability of InSZ. Four co-doping systems were synthesized by coprecipitation and studied: (ZrO2)1-(x+y)(InO1.5)x(MOz)y with MOz = TaO2.5, NbO2.5, MoO3, or WO3. After synthesis, 9 mol% of InO1.5 plus the charge-compensating oxides was sufficient to stabilize the tetragonal phase. Specific surface area up to 106.1 m2.g-1 and crystallite size ~11 nm were achieved using ethanol washing followed by azeotropic distillation as dehydration technique in the precipitates. In these powders, initial thermal stability analysis indicated instability of the tetragonal phase, with extension of the t→m transformation less detrimental in the InMoSZ system. Further increase in the concentration of InO1.5:MoO3 results in monophasic samples with retention of cubic phase in the InMoSZ. Cubic InMoSZ exhibited hardness and thermal expansion coefficient of 13.5% and 9% higher than those of InSZ, respectively. However, thermal treatments at T ≥ 1200 °C showed that the InMoSZ is also passive to destabilization of the high temperature cubic polymorph. Although the cubic InMoSZ was the most promising system found in this thesis, the stability results do not support its application as TBC for temperatures ≥ 1000 ºC. A deep evaluation of the phase transformations between 1000 to 1200 °C indicated that the instability of the proposed systems is due to a progressive c→t→m destabilization of the polymorphs. This c→t→m transformation is directly associated with the reduction of the InO1.5 stabilizer in solid solution by volatilization as In2O during heat treatment. At temperatures ≤ 800 ºC, the c→t phase transformation do not occurs, then, InSZ-based TBC is stable in these conditions.
O problema pseudoviscoso e a equação de BBM-Burgers estocásticos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-09-30)
Carneiro, Evaneide Alves
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Kondo, Cezar Issao
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0900348462714778
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7748150619501176
This work is divided in two parts: In the first part, we study the convergence of a sequence of approximating solutions to a solution of the stochastic conservation law, in the additive and multiplicative case. In the second part, we obtain existence, uniqueness and regularity results to a solution of the Benjamin-Bona-Mahony-Burgers (BBMB) stochastic equation.
Trajetórias e caminhos : uma cartografia dos bebês
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-09-30)
Oliveira, Julia Yoko Tachikawa de
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Abramowicz, Anete
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2502752385941894
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5130233558284874
This research aimed to trace the movements of the babies through the cartography, considering them protagonists of the traces. Aiming to promote a discussion about the research methodology for studies of babies in their specificities on the spaces they occupy, the work mapped the babies movements and actions daily in a public space, in a collective context of experiences, in an institution of early child education and care. The methodology of research was qualitative approach in the ethnographic type with participant observation, capture of images and records, this documentation and diaries was transcribed in maps accompanied by subtitles and descriptions of scenes. The theoretical framework was based on the Sociology of Childhood, with William Corsaro, with the model of the global web and a cultural routines, and in Fernand Deligny, for a cartography, whose practices of maps were revealed as a form of transcription of the "voices", movements, affections, encounters and not the explanation of the origin or nature of movements or other forms of interpretations about behaviors and standardized actions. The research uses a language for the possibility of indicate some paths and tracks to enlarge our understanding of the " babies world " and looked for knowledge in how works can be as starting points babies participation as sources and informants, to be constitute in a research with babies, not just about babies.
Uso da terra e avaliação da naturalidade para o planejamento e manejo ambiental de bacias hidrográficas (Sudeste do Brasil)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-09-30)
Costa, Rômulo Theodoro
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Fushita, Ângela Terumi
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1078644223231926
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Santos, José Eduardo dos
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8533387365058570
Ecosystems managed manifest vulnerability according to decline of ecological resilience and depletion or loss of the main ecosystem service flows. Driving forces acting in landscape result in changes, which require regional management actions and / or local, in conjunction with other external factors. To operationalize these concepts in landscape management, this study approached the dynamics of the intensity changes in land use and conservation conditions of biodiversity scenarios, between 2004 and 2014, for the Jacaré-Guaçu and Jacaré-Pepira watershed rivers. The same analyzes were applied on floodplains formed at the Jacaré-Guaçu and Jacaré-Pepira headwaters in 2004, 2014 and 2015. Conditions of sustainability, involving environmental aspects from the land use and cover dynamic and sustainability indicators were assessed in these areas. Land use and cover dynamics maps were produced based on visual interpretation of Landsat images. Biodiversity conservation scenarios were designed based on Urbanity Index, which estimates the naturalness landscape conditions. The results showed a predominantly anthropogenic scenario, induced by expansion of the agricultural anthropogenic and non-agricultural anthropogenic land uses, and trough conversion of other land use types in sugarcane and forestry. The historical process of land use occupation for agricultural production remains the main driving force of landscape changes, which currently occupies more than 70% of the watersheds area. The Jacaré-Guaçu watershed river presented a critical scenery due to naturalness areas losses and critical naturalness areas increase. The biodiversity conservation scenery showed a reduction area and spatial displacement between 2004 and 2014, resulting from loss and fragmentation of natural capital in the watersheds. Despite the increase in natural vegetation areas, the watershed are far from a sustainable condition, according to loss of carrying capacity and the ecosystem services provision. There was no changes evidenced in land use and cover in floodplains, however, the localization of floodplains showed high vulnerability due to agricultural and urban areas, which indicates evidence of sustainability losses evidences.
Estruturas de copa e raiz de espécies arbóreas do Cerrado nos primeiros anos de crescimento
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-10-03)
Silva, Ricardo Rafael Ribeiro da
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Prado, Carlos Henrique Britto de Assis
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7561749470600567
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8620290960870650
Tree species of the cerrado vegetation show several degrees of leaf deciduousness such as the deciduous, semi deciduous and evergreen. However, it is not clear if these groups are functional groups. The main objective of this dissertation was to identify sets of characteristics and their compromises in each leaf phenological group that could identify functional groups since the early years of development. By identifying interrelationships of traits, it was possible to established syndromes that could characterize functional groups. We used canopy and root architecture as well as biomass partitioning as sets of traits to identify functional groups. Deciduous showed a relatively more vigorous root system, reaching greater depths, and higher total biomass of fine roots in relation to semi deciduous and evergreen species. There were more biomass of fine roots occupying the upper layers of soil and thick roots in the deeper layers in deciduous species. Additionally, the architecture of deciduous showed longer branches and higher biomass in heterotrophic portion. The leaf phenological groups were separated significantly into three functional groups. Deciduous and evergreen showed contrasting traits. The semi deciduous species usually occupied the intermediate position. By using sets of traits from roots and canopy it was possible to separate significantly deciduous, semi deciduous e evergreen species into three functional groups where leaf deciduousness was just one of several intertwined characteristics in each group.
Determinantes
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-10-04)
Prata, Gustavo Gomes
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Costa, Ivo Machado da
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1111331485581633
This paper wants to provide subsidies to the Mathematics teacher of Basic Education, regarding to Determinants. From a consistent theoretical basis, it builds the concept of Determinant and deducts its main properties. Subsequently, it presents some of its applications, which can be explored in High School, linked to the historical context in which they were developed, aiming to make learning of Determinants more significant. Thereby, the Chapter 1 presents basic concepts of Linear Algebra, which are prerequisites for the definition and study of the Determinant Function, as well as of its properties, which are developed in Chapter 2. Chapter 3, on the other hand, promotes connections of Determinants with other middle-level mathematical concepts related to the own Linear Algebra and Analytic and Euclidean Geometry, each one with a specific historical introduction.
Efeitos de nanopartículas de óxido de cobre (nano-cuo) e cloreto de cobre (cucl2) sobre a composição bioquímica e atividade fotossintética da Clorofícea Raphidocelis Subcapitata
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-10-05)
Alho, Lays de Oliveira Gonçalves
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Souza, Jaqueline Pérola de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2320506014760329
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Melão, Maria da Graça Gama
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8342306603661310
Production and utilization of copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO-NP) have increased recently due to their specific physicochemical properties. Most of these nanoparticles end up in aquatic ecosystems, but their effects on the biota were not yet well characterized. The present study aimed to compare the toxicity of CuO-NP and copper chloride (CuCl2) in the microalgae Raphidocelis subcapitata, in order to determine whether the main cause of possible toxicity is due to released copper ions or intrinsic properties of the nanoparticle. We evaluated the effects of these two compounds on several physiological and biochemical parameters of the algae (photosynthetic activity, growth, dry weight, carbohydrates levels, total lipids content and lipid classes). Exponential growth phase algal cultures were exposed during 96 hours to different concentrations of CuO-NP (0.07 to 12.6 μM Cu L-1) and CuCl2 (0.07 to 2.29 μM Cu L-1). The mean inhibitory concentration for R. subcapitata exposed to nanoparticles at 96 h (IC50-96h) was 74 μM Cu L-1, while for CuCl2 was 0.65 μM Cu L-1. There was an increase in dry weight, total carbohydrates and total lipids in algae exposed to the highest copper concentrations in both treatments (salt and nanoparticles), but there was not much change in chlorophyll content after 96 hours of exposure. Concerning lipid composition, sterols (ST) and aliphatic alcohol (ALC) increased under CuCl2 exposure, while aliphatic hydrocarbons (HC) and triacylglycerols (TAG) increased in the presence of nano-CuO, compared to control. The highest concentrations of each compound reduced 36% of algae initial fluorescence (F0) and about 70% the maximum fluorescence (Fm) after 96 hours of metal exposure. Maximum (ɸM) and effective (ɸM ') quantum yields were affected by the two copper compounds, with the largest changes found in the algae exposed to nano-CuO. The major changes observed in the efficiency of oxygen complex evolution (F0/Fv) indicate that this was the main site of action of copper, through changes in the process of water photo-oxidation, especially in algae exposed to nano-CuO. The photochemical (qP) and non-photochemical quenching (qN) were not significantly altered by the metal. We found that CuCl2 was more toxic than nano-CuO in all parameters evaluated, and this can be related to lower free copper ions available in nanoparticles. In this study, we concluded that the two copper compounds significantly affect photosynthetic activity, of R. subcapitata, with more pronounced changes in algae treated with CuO-NP, which may indicate different forms of action between the dissolved copper in the salt and in the CuO-NP. The parameter F0/Fv showed greater sensitivity to copper, being potentially a good tool for research on the physiological stress generated by metals in microalgae.
Paralelos entre a física e a matemática para o ensino de geometria aplicações da interdisciplinaridade como recurso didático
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-10-06)
Rodella, Yuri Michelan
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Salvador, José Antonio
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2487171069472158
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7356239490836027
Correlações entre parâmetros microestruturais, parâmetros térmicos e resistência mecânica de ligas Sn- Bi e Sn-Bi-(Cu,Ag)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-10-07)
Silva, Bismarck Luiz
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Spinelli, José Eduardo
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8882038118634925
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4377238190630005
The present research aims to develop a theoretical/experimental analysis of the combined effects of solidification thermal parameters, Bi content and addition of ternary elements (Cu, Ag) on the final microstructure aspects and on the final mechanical resistances of directionally solidified Sn-Bi, Sn-Bi-Ag and Sn-Bi-Cu solder alloys under transient heat flow conditions. Hence, experimental interrelations between microstructure and thermal parameters and between mechanical properties and microstructure could be established. The microstructures regarding the Sn-34wt.%Bi and Sn-52wt.%Bi alloys show the presence of β-Sn dendrites with Bi precipitates on their own, being enveloped by a lamellar binary Sn-Bi eutectic. The Sn-58wt.%Bi eutectic alloy show a variety of microstructures along the length of the directionally solidified casting, which includes binary eutectic, Bi plates, Bi trifoils and fishbone eutectic. In the case of the ternary Sn-Bi-Ag and Sn-Bi-Cu chemistries, microstructures are constituted by β-Sn dendrites decorated with Bi particles, Bi-Sn eutectic and Cu6Sn5 and Ag3Sn intermetallic particles for the Cu and the Ag bearing alloys, respectively. Experimental growth laws have been derived for both dendritic (λ1, λ2, λ3) and eutectic (λfine, λcoarse) arrangements considering the following alloys: binary Sn-34wt.%Bi, Sn-52wt.%Bi e Sn-58wt.%Bi alloys and ternary Sn- 34wt.%Bi-0.1wt.%Cu, Sn-34wt.%Bi-0.7wt.%Cu e Sn-33wt.%Bi-2wt.%Ag. Considering the binary Sn-Bi, it has been observed that increasing Bi content (34wt.%-->52wt.%-->58wt.%Bi), may cause a decrease on both strength and ductility, except for the sample at P=6mm of the Sn-52wt%Bi alloy. Hall-Petch type functional correlations have been able to represent the evolution of the tensile mechanical properties for the examined Sn-Bi and Sn-Bi-X alloys.
Obtenção e caracterização de heteroestruturas epitaxiais magnetoelétricas de [KNbO3]0,9-[BaNi1/2Nb1/2O3-𝛿]0,1 e [La0,7Sr0,3MnO3]
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-10-07)
Lopez, Andrea Naranjo
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Venet, Michel Zambrano
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http://lattes.cnpq.br/4256279833398263
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Cardoso, Claudio Antonio
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0332061570052918
Magnetoelectric materials have been extensively studied in the last decade, particularly due to the applicability for sensors, attenuators, transformers and others. Hence as an objective for this work we propose a study on the fabrication and characterization of materials that may be used as extrinsic magnetoelectrics. Our proposal consists in producing by pulsed laser deposition bilayers of ferroelectric thin films [KNbO_3]_(0,9)-[BaNi_(1/2)Nb_(1/2)O_(3−𝛿)]_(0,1) (KBNNO), grown on magnetic thin films [La_(0,7)Sr_(0,3)MnO_3] (LSMO). Focusing our interest on the KBNNO, because it is a relatively new material, and there is not enough information about its possible applications as magnetoelectric, just as there are for photovoltaic application. Initially, we made a detailed study on the dependence of the ceramic target densification of the ferroelectric phase KBNNO with the sintering temperature, with the aim to determine the appropriate parameters in the fabrication of the ceramic target, obtained by solid state reaction method. It was possible to achive ceramics targets with relative densities greater than 94 %. The structural and morphological properties of the ceramic targets and thin films were studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) techniques, respectively. The X-ray diffraction profile confirmed the phases and crystal structures of the samples. Particularly, the thin films showed an oriented growth (epitaxial) with formation of nanopilares with different diameters and heights depending on the deposition parameters. The electrical properties were determinated by ferroelectric hysteresis and electric impedance spectroscopy. The magnetoelectric and optical properties were determined by magnetoelectric coupling and photoluminescence measurments, respectively. For the ceramic samples the ferroelectric and dielectric behaviors were confirmed, and for the thin films a magnetoelectric coupling between the ferroelectric and magnetostrictive phases was found. Finally, the value of the gap for ceramic KBNNO was found to be aroud 1.248eV, this result is consistent with values reported in the literature for this material.
Aspectos ecológicos da avifauna aquática nas fozes dos rios Tijucas e Inferninho, Santa Catarina, Brasil
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-10-07)
Rubert, Barbara
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Branco, Joaquim Olinto
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3241905846920207
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7507009796249447
Estuaries are highly productive environments susceptible to environmental variables, and important to the life cycle of various species, to waterfowl serve as a point of rest, feeding and nesting. These sites also receive migratory birds seeking the accumulation of energy required for the return to the reproductive areas. These species, as well as residents, have their distribution, occurrence, abundance and behavior influenced by environmental variables, seasonality and human presence. Thus this study aimed to characterize the structure of the community of waterfowl, as well as behavioral pattern, relationship with environmental variables and habitat use by them in the mouths of the rivers Tijucas and Inferninho. The Tijucas’ Bay where this study was conducted, presents sediment deposition and formation of extensive muddy plans. To collect the data length of 1.1 km was covered in each mouth, from June 2015 to May 2016, sampling occurred every two hours, from 08 hours to 16 hours. The data collected were species, average number, activity and micro-habitat. five microhabitats were considered, based on different faces found in two locations, and analyzed environmental variables were: wind speed, tide height, precipitation and temperature. The curve of rarefaction and Jackknife 2 were used to determine the sample sufficiency, Shannon index was used to estimate the annual and monthly diversity and similarity among the studied areas was calculated using the Jaccard index. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and Kruskal-Wallis test were used to determine the differences between species richness, average number and behavior of the species for hours and months of sampling. The behavior relative frequency was grouped by similarity of Bray-Curtis, the Indicator Species Analysis was used to determine the association of species with micro-habitats, and used Canonical Correlation Analysis (CCA) to determine the correlation between the variables environmental and behavior and between species. Were recorded 44 species of waterfowl in the voices of the two rivers, 10 migratory. The similarity between the two areas was 75%, indicating high similarity of microhabitats between areas. The diversity at the mouth of the river Tijucas was higher than the mouth of the river Inferninho, this difference is related to river discharge of rivers, hence the nutrient input. The difference in species richness, abundance was significant only between the months of observation, and the months with the highest diversity occurred in the late spring, summer and early fall, probably due to the life cycle and arrival of migratory species. The rest was the most frequent activity, followed by foraging, this was negatively related to temperature variation, it suggests that the higher the temperature, the lower the foraging, avoiding waste of energy and water. Foraging was negatively correlated with the height of the tide as the low tide provides a food resource. The indicator species analysis showed that most of the species was associated with only one micro-habitats, this can be explained by the abundance of available resource, since rich environments allow specialization of species.
Celso Furtado e José Medina Echavarría: subdesenvolvimento, desenvolvimentismo e política
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-10-10)
Pinto, Gustavo Louis Henrique
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Cepêda, Vera Alves
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4917331423373631
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4075161446709253
Focusing the study on the intellectual production of Celso Furtado and José Medina Echavarría, this research comparatively discusses the proposals of those thinkers concerning the theory of underdevelopment (as a particular historical and political formation) and the developmentalist project (a “guided” promotion of development via planning). Thus, we put into question the theses and projects of those two thinkers in the context of debates in the field of ECLAC tradition, seeking to analyze how authors with different methods (historical-structural in Furtado and Weberian rationality in Echavarría) reached the same thematic configuration in the explanation of the problem of development in Latin American trajectories and its transformation, electing as central in the analysis the role of policies and the privileged theme of democracy. Our question is to analyze the similarities and differences found in the theses of Furtado and Echavarría in unveiling the logic of underdevelopment and to understand how, from different angles, democracy appears endowed with fundamental importance in the process of overcoming underdevelopment.
A Convenção nº 169 da Organização Internacional do Trabalho sobre direitos indígenas e sua (in)aplicabilidade no território brasileiro
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-10-10)
Souza Júnior, Ângelo Aparecido de
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Sola, Fernanda
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2265749626773521
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/6964755032225808
The Brazilian Federal Constitution of 1988 brought great changes concerning the treatment of indigenous peoples, especially the principle of alterity, reflecting on the right for the indigenous people to be different, as well as the issues on indigenous lands, which have some of very own institutes, diverse from Brazilian Civilian Law. However, it has not always been this way. Brazil has been through many legislation evolutions until we reached the current moment, when the integrationist idea relating the indigenous people to the local society has lost its power and has now disappeared, after the 1988 Constitution. We started with the investigation of the existence or not of an indigenous estate inside the Brazilian territory before the European colonization that justifies the primary rights to the lands that they traditionally occupy, provided by our Federal Constitution. To corroborate the need for a better protection to the indigenous people, we studied the International Conventions, which were held around this subject, especially the ones edited by the International Labour Organization (ILO), which asks for a detailed analysis on the organization and its juridical capacity of International Law to be part of a treaty. Therefore, considering the referred International Conventions endorsed by Brazil, we could observe the concern in the International scenery about the indigenous people. Notwithstanding the endorsement by Brazil, it is necessary to analyze the process of internalization of these, considering the dualist and unitary tendencies; the status of these conventions when they get to Brazil; and the eventuality of some constitutional habit. We also searched in the infra-constitutional legislation, if it presents any irregular habit with the Federal Constitution and if they contribute to a better perception of the importance of the protection of the indigenous peoples as a mechanism of preservation of the social organization, customs, languages, beliefs and traditions of these peoples.
Características físicas do lenho em grupos fenológicos foliares de arbóreas de cerrado
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-10-10)
Venancio, Natalia Cristina
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Prado, Carlos Henrique Britto de Assis
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7561749470600567
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8973645086423515
Leaf phenological groups of cerrado tree species show significant differences not only concerning the maintenance of foliage throughout the year but also about reproductive phenology as the peak and duration of flowering. In addition to the vegetative and reproductive phenology, deciduous (DE) semideciduous (SD) and evergreen (EV) cerrado trees have canopy architecture and the type of branching and leaf production significantly different. Therefore, the structure and functionality of wood probably show significant differences in these three groups (DE, SD, and EV). We aimed to determine the physical characteristics of wood and their relationships in aerial and underground parts of DE, SD, and EV tree species of cerrado vegetation. Internal (density, porosity, and water storage capacity) and external (crown height and root depth) physical traits of wood were determined in species distributed in DE, SD, and EV in two stages of development: adult and in the initial growth. By sections of the trunk at the transition between aerial and underground portions, we obtained results from bark and trunk in studied leaf phenological groups. There was a significant difference between DE and EV in a functional gradient where we found SD species. This group showed similar values to DE or EV species or even significantly different from both groups depending on the analyzed trait. Thus, the species distributed in leaf phenological groups also differed significantly in internal and external physical characteristics of wood in branches, in the transition from aerial to aboveground part and underground portion. These results indicated species grouped by leaf phenology have several other physical characteristics significantly different. Therefore, leaf phenological groups of cerrado trees are, in fact, functional groups. It has been successfully used to show that leaf phenology is just one attribute among many others traits distributed in the canopy, stem, and root assembling tree species of cerrado in at least three functional groups. Therefore, regardless the phylogenetic relatedness in each foliar phenological group these species belong to a functional group. Adults DE species growing under natural conditions are taller and have branches less dense and with more imbibition capacity than EV species. Conversely, in early years of growth DE were still taller with a deeper root system but with branches, stem and roots less dense than EV species. The inversion of wood internal traits between DE-EV demonstrated that the strategies for the acquisition and use of resources changed during tree development. It resulted in adult individuals significantly different and these changes probably depended on the biomass accumulated (size) in cerrado trees. The identification of these functional groups of trees is useful for more efficient management of protected areas or for recovering degraded areas of cerrado vegetation. The functional groups of cerrado trees could be identified not only by a list of attributes significantly different but by the reliance among these traits. These relationships built up a particular syndrome in each functional group. Syndromes originated through compromises among characteristics result in specific skills for acquisition, use and storage resources in every tree functional group. These skills result in similar survival strategies (reproduction, growth, and defense) and responses to environmental stresses in each of these functional groups of tree species of the cerrado vegetation.
Análise da acessibilidade do Parque Natural Municipal Victório Squierolli (Uberlândia/MG) para visitação de pessoas com deficiências física, auditiva e visual
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-10-10)
Lima, Ana Beatriz Leça de
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Melo, Ismail Barra Nova de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3576937472687059
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4141601814503431
The accessibility for park users with disabilities is rarely addressed. When it is addressed, the types of disabilities are treated individually. However, it is noteworthy that public spaces and services are used by all categories simultaneously. Due to that fact, the main purpose of this work is to analyze the accessibility for three types of disabilities: physical, hearing and visual. This was done in the facilities and activities offered by the Parque Natural Municipal Victório Siquierolli, located in Uberlândia / Minas Gerais. This is a relevant place in non-formal environmental education, offering activities for local schools, researchers and society in general; which also supports the research and extension activities of the Federal University of Uberlândia. Although the location has some access for wheelchair users, there is no specific accessibility project for other disabilities. The research methodology was divided into literature review and documentary research and field research. Field research included direct observation through photographic registration of the park structures using as a gathering instrument, a protocol based on Brazilian Standard NBR 9050/2015, profiling the mediators working in the park and the from the perspective of three associations for each type of disability of this study, through semi-structured interviews. With the results, we can notice that the park does not have all the structures for accessibility that NBR 9050/2015 standard requires, and the present structures, such as ramps, signs, handicap restrooms and free space for movement are not entirely suitable, with a view only to assist people with physical disabilities, more specifically wheelchair users. So necessary adjustments should be done to benefit other disability categories cited in this study, in order to improve the structure of the park and as a consequence increase and diversify the visitors.
O estágio supervisionado em administração pública no Brasil : entre virtudes e vicissitudes, identificadas e avaliadas no curso da UNESP de Araraquara
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-10-11)
Ramalheiro, Geralda Cristina de Freitas
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Fonseca, Sérgio Azevedo
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2879240108726907
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9407365514245500
Throughout history, the teaching of Public Administration has gone through several crises, experienced moments of glory , others of retraction others of expansion and legitimation and now experience the maturity in the search for own contours that were provided by own curriculum guidelines of the Public Courses. One of the pedagogical tools used in conciliation process of theory with practice is the internship. Public administration programs worldwide, include mandatory or optional internship in their curriculum grid. As a result, thousands of worldwide university students participate in Internship programs in public agencies. The objective of this dissertation will be to analyze the internship from the optics of the teaching complementation in public administration, checking the difficulties, the virtues and the benefits provided by the achievement of internship. Concurrently, will seek to analyze the relationship between the internship and the pedagogical projects of a sample of public administration courses. Another objective is to research the internship influence about student’s decision to remain or not in the public career. To materialize the objective of this dissertation, will be used a methodological strategy which is explained in the following expressions: exploratory research with purpose made possible by qualitative method, according to the inductive logic and outlined such as unique case study (internships in public administration courses of UNESP - Araraquara). Operationally, it is indicated that this search will be performed based on triangulation of three methods: documentary research, fulfillment of interview and application of survey questionnaires. What became clear is that the stage in the Public Course aims to complement the education and is an opportunity for professional experience in many education institutions, whose main focus is to deepen the knowledge and the fiscal year of training. In UNESP the experience lacks systematization, is a practice not gestated and undervalued.
As veredas do bode : criação na solta e laboro no sertão de Pernambuco
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-10-11)
Zambrini, Ariane Vasques
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Vander Velden, Felipe Ferreira
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7289231173735671
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Villela, Jorge Luiz Mattar
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8301325600502054
The goal on this dissertation performs both a description and an analysis on human and nonhuman relation based on Floresta's countryside, a town located in Pernambuco State. I have described this relation from some different point of view, yet their particular way of breeding (criação na solta) has been the main focus on my analysis. The intensive field research gave rise to the sketching of interspecies relations in that area. It had occurred in the period of three months when took place conversations and interviews with local husbandman who breeds both in the countryside (no mato) and the streets (na rua). In particular, the issue draws upon a description about how five families from the riparian zone (Cachoeira, Pocinhos, Quebra-Unha, Capim e Riacho do Meio) deal with and understand their relations with goats. At first, my analysis looks forward to the contrast between laboro as a husbandman daily activity and both the concept of work and and the extensive production method. The laboro is a set of very specific procedure and skill – a part of what is called criação na solta – and they are a condition of possibility for what I intend to describe and understand. Signs belong to the set of skills: they are a knife cutting made at the goat's ear which concurrently symbolize and identify the animal's owner and its family. The laboro and the signs are ways of realization and accomplishment of family affiliation. The laboro relies upon the animal's intense acquaintance with the caatinga which brings together a particular husbandry expertise; just a few men knows the terrain and how to breed goats. The concept of domestication can be drawn from the nexus relating breeder, livestock and caatinga in the manner of their mutual relation. Hence, from the standpoint of breeders and their families I describe how this practical way of breeding give rise to an understanding on interspecies relation in a given region. Those who knows the veredas, the goat-tracks traced as daily over the years, knows as well the ground pattern and footprint which deliver a way of being which is proper to husbandman, caatinga and the goat.