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Estudos evolutivos no gênero Triportheus (Characiformes, Triportheidae) com enfoque na diferenciação do sistema de cromossomos sexuais ZZ/ZW
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-10-24)
Yano, Cassia Fernanda
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Bertollo, Luiz Antonio Carlos
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7069073110550804
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9051814282303820
Triportheus genus (Characiformes, Triportheidae) presents a particular scenario 1 in fishes, with a ZZ/ZW sex chromosomes system for all species until now investigated. The Z chromosome is metacentric and the largest one of the karyotype, remaining morphologically conserved in all species. In contrast, the W chromosome differs in shape and size among species, from almost identical to markedly reduced in size in relation to the Z, with a clear heterochromatin accumulation associated with its differentiation process. This scenario in Triportheus, along with a well defined phylogeny for this group, provided an excellent opportunity to investigate the evolutionary events associated with the sex chromosomes differentiation, a matter of increasing interest to evolutionary biology in recent years. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the origin and differentiation of sex chromosomes in eight Triportheus species, using diverse conventional and molecular cytogenetics tools, such as C-banding, chromosomal mapping of rDNAs and several other repetitive DNA sequences, comparat ive genomic hybridization (CGH), microdissection of Z and W chromosomes and whole chromosome painting (WCP). The preferential accumulation of repetitive DNAs on the W chromosome highlighted the predominant participation of these sequences in the differentiation of this chromosome. Notably, the differential accumulation of microsatellites, and a hybridization pattern with no direct correlation to the ancestry of the W chromosome, put in evidence the particular evolutionary processes that shaped the sex-specific chromosome among species. The chromosomal mapping of 5S and 18S rDNAs and U2 DNAsn highlighted a very particular scenario in the distribution of these multigene families in Triportheus. Indeed, the variability in number of the rDNA sites on the autosomes, as well as the syntenic "status" of these three multigene families, showed their intense dynamism in the karyotype evolution, revealing a much more complex organization of these genes than previously supposed for closely related species. In addition, the occurrence of U2 DNAsn on the W chromosome of T. albus appears as an evolutionary novelty, while the occurrence of 18S rDNA in the Wq terminal region of all species pointed to a conserved condition for the genus, as well as a peculiarity in the evolutionary process of the W chromosome. Noteworthy, the use of WCP, and especially CGH experiments, put in evidence sequences which are shared by both Z and W chromosomes and sequences that are unique to each one. Thus, the Wq terminal region stood out with a high concentration of female specific sequences, in coincidence with the location of the 18S rDNA genes, allowing inferences about the origin of these cistrons on the sex-specific chromosome. Our data also showed that the ZZ/ZW system had, in fact, a common origin in Triportheus, considering the homologies found in chromosomal paintings using the Z and W probes. Triportheus auritus is the direct representative of the first lineage to differentiate in the genus and WCP experiments, using the Z chromosome probe of this species, have showed how this chromosome is notably conserved in all investigated species. On the other hand, the W chromosome showed variable patterns of homology among species, highlighting the molecular divergence emerged along its evolutionary history. In conclusion, the results obtained in this study allowed to certify the common origin of the ZZ/ZW sex system in Triportheus and to evaluate the intra- and inter-specific genomic homologies and differences between the sex pair, resulting in significant advances in the knowledge of the origin and differentiation of the sex chromosomes among lower vertebrates.
Estudo das espécies da família Cichlidae na Bacia do Rio Tietê da coleção ictiológica do LISDEBE UFSCar
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-10-24)
Wood, Karen Lima
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Garavello, Júlio César
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2778105126670170
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6884718782421871
The diversity of fish species of family Cichlidae from the Tiete River basin and stored in Systematic Ichthyology Laboratory of the Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology at the Federal University of São Carlos (LISDEBE-UFSCar) collection was studied. They were collected by researchers from this laboratory , others researchers of the University and with the addition of coming ichthyological material from a large collection of fish made by researchers of the Energy Company of São Paulo (CESP) before the closure of the dams of the middle and lower Tiete River. The collections were made with the help of fishing nets in random locations in the main channel and in some tributaries of the river Tiete between the years 1975 and 2014, reaching a total of 795 individuals, comprising 8 genera and 9 species. Three species are recognized as exotic or invasive non-native and makes up a small portion of the collected individuals. The species of common and frequently cichlids were Cichlasoma paranaense, Autraloheros fascetus and Geopahagus brasiliensis whose sample is understand that these species are widely distributed across different environments and through different seasons. The work also presents an identification key of the nine species found in Tiete River Basin, being studied copies available for consultation at LISDEBE-UFSCar. For all species studied are provided illustrations, diagnoses, localizations and comments on morphological details. A discussion on the actual taxonomic situation and conservation of the Cichlidae ichthyofauna at river Tietê is also presented.
Perspectivas para uma rearticulação entre filosofia e espiritualidade : mística e intuição em Bergson
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-10-25)
Rochamonte, Catarina
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Pinto, Débora Cristina Morato
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1311151012002541
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0386299293555947
We defend in this work the possibility of rescue, by means of Henri Bergson work, the spiritual aspect of philosophy and offer a world vision to the comteporaneity higher, in our view, than a purely aesthetic and hedonistic perspective as celebrated in postmodernity. The path chosen for display of this thesis was initially an analysis of Bergson’s conception of intuition, showing the consequences of this notion in the critique of traditional metaphysics and in the construction of a new metaphysics of duration, followed by a study of Bergson's understanding of mysticism, as well as its crucial role in the moral and spiritual development of humanity. We defend, with Bergson, a creative evolution still ongoing, understanding the philosophical intuition as an effort that takes the intellect to its limits and mystical intuition as an effort that elevates an individual beyond himself. We also find the exceptionality of the mystique and the consequent need for reflections on the possibilities of indirect application of what the great mystics bequeathed to us.
Efeito da temperatura sobre as interações cardiorrespiratórias em sapos Rhinella schneideri
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-10-26)
Zena, Lucas Aparecido
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Bícego, Kênia Cardoso
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0169967378071426
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3847299377846753
For adequate blood supply to match metabolic demand, vertebrates regulate blood pressure (BP) in order to maintain adequate perfusion of target organs avoiding ischemia and tissue damage like edema. Effective short-term BP regulation in anuran amphibians occurs through adjustments in heart rate (HR), peripheral vascular resistance, and changing pulsatile frequency of lymph hearts. In addition, pulmonary ventilation in anurans is directly linked to blood volume homeostasis by facilitating lymph fluid movement back into the cardiovascular system which takes place by changing pressure and volume within anurans' lymphatic sacs. It is apparent that an interaction between baroreflex regulation and breathing control exists in anuran amphibians. In the present study I used pharmacological methods (phenylephrine and sodium nitroprusside; infusion ramp and in bolus methods) to investigate baroreflex sensitivity at different temperatures in the cururu toad Rhinella schneideri. I evaluated the degree to which arterial baroreflex plays a role in pulmonary ventilation in the cururu toad. Baroreflex regulation in the toad R. schneideri was temperature dependent and influenced the toad’s ventilation. Hypotension and hypertension resulted in increases and decreases in HR, respectively, as well as increases and decreases in pulmonary ventilation mainly through adjustments in breathing frequency. In contrast to data from the literature, anuran amphibians seem to defend lower BP events primarily rather than hypertension independent of temperature. Anurans exhibit higher rates of transcapillary fluid filtration which means during hypertension fluid filtration is increased and excess interstitial fluid formation will be reclaimed by an efficient lymphatic system. Therefore, besides pulmonary ventilation's role in matching O2 delivery to demand (e.g. temperatures) in anurans, it also plays a role in BP regulation possibly owing to an interaction between baroreflex control and respiratory areas in the brain.
Índice de qualidade da mobilidade urbana a pé para pessoas idosas (IQMUI)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-10-26)
Silva Filho, Nivaldo Gerôncio da
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Raia Junior, Archimedes Azevedo
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6413793013018019
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8635574183164362
Especially you can see that planning not just urban mobility but of infrastructure linked to it, is the result of a great debate and discussion. The impetus given by the mobility in recent years, has taken such a high proportion that affects all modes ratings. Thus, the debate and the discussion ran high, especially from the 1970s and 1980s, when urban problems started to become more evident, because of the swelling of cities and therefore the lack of adequate infrastructure to meet all the wants and needs of the population. It is true that the displacement requirements are supported by law and concerns a right guaranteed, which is to come and go. Due to the fragility of planning, several problems began to emerge in urban areas among which the gaps in the interpretation of responsibilities between the three spheres federal, state and municipal government; and priority when the execution, which in the case of Brazil adopted the exclusionary model of motorized displacement means at the expense of non-motorized. Moreover, even in cases where there is a structure for the foot displacement, this is sometimes precarious especially in medium and large cities. To make the most critical issue in such circumstances arises an aggravating is the rather sharp increase in the elderly population in Brazil, which need special care when it comes to urban infrastructure, particularly walkways and driveways, as this population is characterized among others aspects of weaknesses that are directly linked to displacement. In other words, to the pedestrian does not have mobility problems the infrastructure is already precarious, for the elderly aggravating are significant to the point of making the displacement of this population almost impossible. The set associated with shifts in sidewalks, driveways and crossings are analyzed as a whole may even have satisfactory concepts, but when viewed individually could reach worry levels. In response to these needs, the main objective of this thesis is to propose, in order to improve planning in regard to walkways and driveways, an index to estimate the quality of walkways and driveways facing the elderly population, through 14 indicators divided by 3 groups of subjects. After a comprehensive literature review that brings together different areas of knowledge, it proposed a methodology that initially provides for the incorporation of the opinion of many experts, through a questionnaire. So that the responses to the questionnaire were informed due to some peculiar characteristics of the elderly segment. Pursuant to the case study in a medium-sized city, in general, the results obtained with the index established by the model, have proved to be satisfactory. In conclusion, even considering as a satisfactory result the methodology indicates that it is necessary to provide improvements to walkways and driveways, as the elderly segment requires more appropriate structures.
Teorema de Pitágoras, aplicações de demonstrações em sala de aula
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-10-26)
Tartaglia Filho, Leonardo
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Sampaio, João Carlos Vieira
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8286887389013685
[ENG]The official curriculum of the state of São Paulo in their spiral character, discusses the Pythagorean Theorem as one of their learning situations for the 9th year of elementary school, and on top of that content, contextualizes the topic in several other opportunities in high school, one of the most common theories in the Euclidean geometry. The work contributes in the creation of skills and competencies necessary for the understanding of geometry, which is apparent or not the figure of the right triangle, with the aim of providing tools for students to build knowledge necessary in order to find solutions to the problems posed by notebook student, which is the basic curriculum for all students of the state of São Paulo school. The activities, as workshops and activity sheets, proposed by the developer of this dissertation were applied to 35 students of the 9th grade of elementary school of the State School Pedro Bento Alves, located in central city of Arandu, state of São Paulo, which has in its framework students 800 students, divided shapeless way in 22 classrooms. Through the activity sheets, the author made the draft statements for the Pythagorean Theorem through manual labor, which believes it has a more significant effect to the students. The results were analyzed and compared with the assumptions previously raised during the preparation and creation of the dissertation, and the Didactic Engineering as the main research methodology and data analysis. Proposals classes had a good development because students behaved as protagonists of actions, being motivated and participative during the execution of activities. Students reached the proposed objectives, understanding that the material developed provided a different routine, as it has been applied, and thus conclude that the leaves of activities will be useful to all teachers who want to develop them in their classes, adapting -the as reality, performance and utilization of their students. The work contributed greatly to the professional development of the author, since rethink strategies and pursue new activities through research, raised the level of knowledge on the subject, which provided new practices in the classroom.
Condutividade iônica e eletrônica em vidros 0,50[xAg2O(1-x)V2O5].0,50P2O5
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-10-27)
Marin, Juan Jairo Diaz
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Rodrigues, Ana Candida Martins
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4499231813051400
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3837298586123061
Mixed conductive glassy materials have in their composition, in addition to a glass former, a metallic element in two oxidation states and ions with high mobility, generally alkaline or Ag+ ions. These materials can be used in solid state batteries. However, from a scientific point of view, there are still some issues to be solved, such as the mechanism that best explains the behavior of electric conduction in these materials, and why there is a marked drop in conductivity as a function of composition, for equimolar compositions between the modifier that introduces the ionic conduction, and the transition metal oxide that introduces the electronic conduction. Therefore, to advance the frontier of knowledge about the conduction mechanisms present in mixed conductive glasses, the ternary system of the glass family 0.50[xAg2O(1-x)V2O5].0.50P2O5, (0 ≤ x ≤ 1) was chosen. Each vitreous composition was synthesized and characterized by X-ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry, Helium pycnometry, and impedance spectroscopy. The impedance spectroscopy measurements of the composition x=0.6 revealed a semicircle with a deformation at low frequency. This semicircle cannot be adjusted by a single RC circuit. The analysis of the pre-exponential factor and the activation energies of the glasses shows lower values for the glasses rich in vanadium, that is, in the "electronic" region, when compared to the pre-exponential factor of the glasses of the region richest in silver, or in the "ionic" region. This behavior is in accordance with the theoretical expressions for each of the conductivity mechanisms. In an attempt to quantify the ionic and electronic contributions, the electromotive force method (F.E.M) was applied. This method was selected because, theoretically, it allows a precise quantification of the electronic and ionic conductivities. However, the experimental results showed that the generated electrochemical cell did not correspond to the expected one, therefore it was not possible to quantify the ionic and electronic contributions to the total electrical conductivity.
Desenvolvimento de plataformas nanométricas híbridas baseadas em polímero/enzima visando aplicações em biossensores
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-10-27)
Rodrigues, Stanley Endrigo Bilatto
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Corrêa, Daniel Souza
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0461451015026948
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2012719040203232
Foodborne illness cases are common in Brazil and in the world. However, in many cases the microorganism causing the illness cannot properly identified. In addition, traditional analyses usually employed for identifying such microorganisms are often expensive and time consuming. In this context, the development of novel methods capable of detecting such microorganism in a fast way, similarly to a pre-selection method to indicate the positive or negative presence of pathogenic, are highly pursued. In this work, two systems using a concept of Electronic Tongue were developed. The first system used the Layer-by-Layer (LbL) technique to immobilize lysozyme, trypsin and pepsin enzymes in nanostructured films. In the second system, the immobilization process was combined using the LbL technique and covalent bonding for lysozyme and trypsin enzymes. The trypsin and pepsin can react with bacterial sub-products released in the medium, while the lysozyme can react directly with the gram-positive bacteria cell wall. All parameters required to obtain stable films with preserved enzymatic activity were investigated and determined. In the first case, the detection of Escherichia coli using the Electrical Impedance Spectroscopy yielded detection of bacteria at 105 UFC (intermediate values). The second electronic tongue was composed by sensing units formed by lysozyme and trypsin immobilized by covalent and electrostatic (LbL) bonds, allowing the reaction with either by products or with the bacterial cell wall. Contamined solutions with the Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus, Gram-negative Salmonella bacteria and a mixed solution with both were analyzed. The second system was able to detect small bacteria concentrations at 103 CFU. Finally, the solution re-suspension treatment showed to be beneficial for improving the detection results. The electronic tongue was capable of distinguishing solutions contaminated with bacteria, showing potential to aid in the prevention of foodbourne diseases.
Efeitos da exposição à nanopartícula de dióxido de titânio em hepatócitos de peixe zebra (Danio rerio, Hamilton, 1822). uma abordagem in vitro
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-10-27)
Siqueira, Priscila Rodrigues de
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Fernandes, Marisa Narciso
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3021357484136942
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2052416811090234
Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2-NP) are commonly used in many industrial activities. Consequently, the daily consumption by humans is estimated in 5.4 mg day, with an input in the environment of 4.2 mg day per person, receiving or not appropriated treatment before disposure. The cytotoxicity, genotoxicity and mutagenicity of TiO2-NP were investigated using the established fish cell line derived from zebrafish (Danio rerio) liver (i. e. ZF-L cells). Prior to the evaluation of nanoparticle’s toxic potential, a careful characterization was realized in culture medium in the presence or not of fetal bovine serum (FBS). Regarding to the characterization in terms of size was accessed using a transmission electron microscope (TEM), the agglomeration potential and surface charge were accessed by diameter light scattering (DLS) and zeta potential measurements, respectively, using a spectrophotometer. TiO2-NP in environmentally relevant concentrations were tested for cytotoxicity, genotoxicity and mutagenicity. Cell viability was accessed by four different tests, the trypan blue assay (membrane integrity), MTT reduction assay (mitochondria), neutral red retention assay (lysosomes) and finally, induction of apoptosis and necrosis. Genotoxicity was determined by observing the fragmentation of DNA by the comet assay, while mutagenicity was determined by Cytokinesis-block micronucleus technique. The characterization showed that the FBS was effective in dispersing the nanoparticles and prevent the formation of large agglomerates allowing robust responses on the real toxicity of NP. After 24 hours of treatment, there was cell membranes rupture, decreasing cell viability to 35.33%, at the highest concentration (1.0 μg mL-1). Mitochondrial metabolic activity remained unchanged, but it was possible to detect the proliferation of lysosomes, which was mainly attributed to the NP endocytosis. The induction of apoptosis was 50.4%, and necrosis was 13.9%, both in the concentration 1.0 μg mL-1 TiO2-NP. In the case of necrosis, a result 10 times greater than that presented by the negative control. Added necrosis and apoptosis indicated a decrease in cell viability to 35.7%. The comet test showed the fragmentation of the DNA, it was also possible to observe the formation of micronuclei, bridges and shoots demonstrated by the micronucleus assay. In general, this study demonstrated that TiO2-NP, after 24 hours of exposure, significantly affect cell viability and cause DNA damage, which may become irreversible. In conclusion, this study showed the cytotoxic, genotoxic and mutagenic potential of TiO2-NP for ZF-L cells. Mitochondrial and lysosome responses require further studies on the effect of TiO2-NP on these organelles.
O uso de jogos e a mediação do professor na abordagem histórico-cultural : primeiras aproximações
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-10-27)
Pereira, Patrícia
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Faria, Paulo Cezar de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3630521378837174
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5172215720465911
The present study had as reference the Teaching Activity and Being Learning Situation aimed at internalizing of theoretical knowledge through the action and reflection (both the kids and the researcher) in the search for the solution of problem situations, with the intention to give children the need of appropriation of concepts, worrying about the "Genesis of the concept" (MOURA et al., 2010). The investigative procedure type taken as reference using a Teaching Guiding Activity (TGA) through Being Learning Situations (BLS). It sought to check if the game when used under the historical-cultural approach, triggers learning some own concepts to addition and subtraction operations. It to do so was considered the games CUBRA A SOMA and FECHE A CAIXA. The study consisted of five Teaching Activities with each game, totaling ten activities, during the months of October to December, in the year 2015, in a State school located in the city of São Carlos, in the State of São Paulo. The eight children were selected by the teacher of the class, four considered with more skills in calculus and four considered with less skills in calculus. The procedures included: a) request for authorization of School Unit for realization of this study; b) submission of the study to the Ethics Committee; c) filling a questionnaire for parents/guardians of the eight participating students of this study and the informed consent; d) use of the game CUBRA A SOMA, as activities for the appropriation of addition; e) using the FECHE A CAIXA how activities for the appropriation of addition and subtraction; f) resolution of problem situations involving addition and subtraction; g) footage of children in 10 classes in which were developed the teaching activities and some audio recordings; g) analysis and discuss of data obtained with the footage and audio recordings with the assumption the concepts of cultural-historical approach, the question of study and objectives. The results indicated that the mediations, associated with the motivation of children, during the Teaching Activity can provide the development. Whereas that the children do not generalize and do not internalize the concepts same way, though to be mediated by the same person (the researcher), we found that the knowledge related to the concepts of addition and subtraction were appropriate at different levels.
Ferramenta de apoio ao manejo de águas pluviais urbanas com base em indicadores de sustentabilidade - SAMSAP
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-10-27)
Silva, Sidnei Pereira da
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Teixeira, Bernardo Arantes do Nascimento
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1166854416745527
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1773693912238195
Many municipalities have problems with the drainage system and the excess rainwater in certain periods of the year. The management of cities should take into account the sustainability and for this, the indicators are important tools in helping to making the use and land use decision and thus avoid risk situations related to urban water. The sustainability principles guided the development of this research for this, were developed 13 sustainability principles specific to the management of stormwater based on general principles in the literature. After surveying the literature of sustainability indicators, they were found 102 indicators and of those, 65 that could be used in the management of rainwater, one of the indicators selection criteria was the correlation with the specific principles and other direct relationship with problem. Then we sought in the literature, the problems faced by the government and the people related to rainwater, were 47 major found this total, 19 were considered direct problems and the remaining effects caused by these problems. These 19 problems were divided into five dimensions of sustainability: environmental, social, economic, political, cultural and technological or management. For each problem have been assigned their respective indicators, a total of 54, leaving at least 2 indicators of the problem. Using multi-criteria method, priority indicators were selected, that is, those that would be most suitable for the monitoring of problems, however, in the absence of information available to these priority indicators can be used side indicators. These indicators served for the preparation of SAMSAP tool - Support System for Water Management Stormwater, which will serve for the development of scenarios for monitoring and decision making of managers and responsible for the management of rainwater.
Obstáculos epistemológicos no processo de alfabetização científica: um estudo para a formação do professor das séries iniciais do ensino fundamental
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-10-28)
Gomes, Caroindes Julia Corrêa
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Ferreira, Luiz Henrique
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4819009378941531
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3858289473837461
This work presupposes the importance of the teaching of Science so that the students can acquire the cultural elements and the scientific language and develop the necessary skills to the critical and aware exercise of citizenship. To think about it in the context of the initial grades – since the child is also an integrant subject of the social body and owns, as the adults, the right to appropriate of the surrounding culture – has been the challenge of many researchers of that field due to the faced difficulties to its accomplishment. Among those difficulties, the formation of the responsible teachers for this level of education was one of the analyzed themes on this research, since they have little knowledge about the theoretical and methodological fundaments that guide the educative praxis of that discipline. On that sense, it was evaluated the relation among the different groups: in-service teachers, undergraduates in Education and senior students at the 5th grade of Elementary School, observing several characteristics that showed the same perceptions about the scientific nature and conceptual difficulties as well, mainly the ones related to Chemistry, although there was not any educator/student bound among them. The obtained results could show the necessary renovation concerning to Science teaching, for the teacher him/herself could reinforce mistaken views and concepts, transmitted to and preserved in the children in their future school lives. During the data collection, an intervention was done by means of a ministered course to the teachers and undergraduates participating of the research, in order to provide to them the mobilization and deconstruction of knowledges about teaching and learning Science. That way, the classes provided a more critical and reflexive view and promoted a more proper conception in relation to the production of the scientific knowledge. The analysis done also indicated the importance of living different ways and experiences during the teacher formation, understanding it as a constant process of formation and auto formation through the praxis and the reflection about it.
Metanálise para modelos de regressão
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-10-28)
Santos, Laryssa Vieira dos
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Campos, Adriano Polpo de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4867996651212204
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5543837224948437
Preditores da participação social de idosos independentes cadastrados em estratégias de saúde da família do município de Araras/SP
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-10-31)
Rebellato, Carolina
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Fontaine, Anne Marie Germaine Victorine
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6459521603686551
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Matsukura, Thelma Simões
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5611215381682164
Social participation, besides being considered one of main goals of rehabilitation, is defined by scientific literature and some specific public policies for the elderly as one of the pillars to active aging. Nevertheless, few studies have investigated the social participation of Brazilian elderly population and its predictors. The objective of this present study was to identify the predictors of variation of the social participation of independent elderly enrolled in Family Health Strategies units in the municipality of Araras/SP. Besides investigating the dimensions of LIFE-H 3.1- Brazil and its reliability; to characterize the profile of the elderly population; to identify associations between socio-demographic, health conditions, perception of intergenerational solidarity and quality of life and to compare levels of social participation amongst elderly subgroups. A total of 175 elderly, registered in 10 Family Health Strategies of all regions of the city have participated in the present study. All data have been collected through identification form, containing social-demographic variables, from health, familiar intergenerational solidarity aspects, among parents and children, perception of quality of life, besides the following standardized instruments: Geriatric Depression Scale, Katz Scale, Mini Mental State Examination, and LIFE-H 3.1-Brasil which evaluates social participation. Data analysis has been descriptive, comparative, correlational e multivariate performed on SPSS v23.0. The evaluation of predictors of social participation was conducted by Linear Regression Analysis, taking into account the dimension of LIFE-H 3.1 previously extracted from Factor Analysis, namely: Personal Care, Community, Recreation and Communication, apart from global evaluation of social participation which involved these four dimensions (LIFE-H Total). The factorial analysis and the internal consistency of the dimensions of LIFE-H 3.1-Brazil confirm the reliability of data and utilization of such instrument in independent elderly. The association among the variables contributed to identify the factors related to health and disease condition of such population, strengthening the influence of contextual factors in this life period. Main results revealed average variations of social participation due to different variables, with special highlight on marital status, schooling, city district where he/she lives, familiar intergenerational solidarity, comorbidities, presence if depressive symptomatology, cognitive ability, physical activities practicing and subjective perception of quality of living, which were confirmed in the correlation study. The variables which acted as predictors of global social participation (LIFE-H Total) were living in specific city districts, physical activities practicing number of diseases, cognitive ability, age, depressive symptomatology, subjective evaluation of quality of life and widowhood, in that order. The variables city district, physical activity practicing, cognitive ability and subjective evaluation of quality of living acted positively, whilst other variables acted negatively in the social participation variation. This study reveals the complexity and multidimensionality of elderly social participation and the influence of personal and environmental determining factors which, mostly, could be modifiable. It is argued that maximization of actions e programs destined mainly to elderly preventive health care along with investments in infrastructure, safety and implementation of services may be of great value to the feasibility of greater social participation of such population. The continuity of these studies is desirable for deeper theoretical and empirical understanding such theme, overall the qualiquantitative and longitudinal nature to the seizure of changes, tendencies and predictors of elderly social participation in different degrees of functionality and health condition.
Comportamento termodinâmico de cadeias de dímeros
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-10-31)
Nascimento, Denise Andrade do
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Adão Neto, Minos Martins
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6102062332483035
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Sousa, José Ricardo de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3871066069541626
In this Thesis we propose to describe the thermodynamical properties of dimer chains in a one-dimensional lattice rstly considering q-states of chain orientation in the lattice and secondly by a three states model where the chain orientation is associated with a energy " > 0 or " = 0. For this reason we describe our system by a microcanonical ensemble to get the canonical partition function and through this function obtain the Helmholtz free energy, the entropy, internal energy and pressure. We solved also the problem by adopting the grand canonical ensemble using the transfer matrix method and we get in the thermodynamical limit the equivalence between both ensembles. However the analysis of the thermodynamic properties for systems with nite size is quite relevant since for these nite systems can be found a inequivalence of ensembles. Thereby we performed a detailed study of the Statistical Mechanics for nite particles systems verifying the equivalence o ensembles.
Português como segunda língua para surdos : a escrita construída em situações de interação mediadas pela Libras
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-10-31)
Almeida, Djair Lázaro de
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Lacerda, Cristina Broglia Feitosa de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9468232016416725
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5083153960563585
This research aims to describe and analyze the process of writing in Portuguese as a second language, undertaken by deaf participants in context of interactional and dialogical workshops, from a collective rewriting work of an adventure story, reflecting on interdiscursive interactions between sign language and written Portuguese. The rewrite was placed in this work as the object of reflection on practices and discursive formations which focused on learning of deaf participants. The discussions on this theme were guided by Bakhtin assumptions from the enunciative-discursive conception of language. This design allows us to understand the subjects in their discursive constitution through social relations in which they participate, incorporating the different social voices. For this purpose the workshops were videotaped as the intention to focus dialogic aspects of the interaction between the subjects. The episodes that make up the corpus of analysis were selected from the workshops developed in the course of the years 2013 and 2014, considering the communicative context. The excerpts of the episodes whose enunciations presented significant in relation to production strategies, review and language reflection collectively were transcribed from sign language (Libras) to Portuguese writing. The data was treated from three axes of analysis: interaction between deaf peers and between educators and listeners; language skills and written evidence. The axes analyzed allowed the establishment of qualitative values of the demanding language working by deaf people in writing workshop activities. Regarding the education of deaf people, this study points to the necessity of having the Portuguese language effectively treated as a second language, where its teaching and learning process is mediated by the sign language. Thus, the spaces that support the education for this portion of the population must be organized so as to ensure the verbal interaction, through Libras, as a written language development condition.
As representações sociais da Política Nacional de Saúde da Pessoa Idosa : uma análise à luz do campo da ciência, tecnologia e sociedade
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-10-31)
Silva, Meliza Cristina da
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Ogata, Márcia Niituma
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3274294833403570
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8646310947265533
The aging and the consequent Brazilian demographic change point us to a profound socio-economic transformation of the country. It is estimated that the elderly population will triple in the coming decades, from 20 million in 2010 to 65 million in 2050. Many actors are responsible for implementing the National Health Policy for the Elderly, among them are the local health managers and articulators health of the elderly. The aim of this study is to analyze the social representations of the National Health Policy for the Elderly in a regional health department, the light field of science, technology and society. This is a qualitative, exploratory and descriptive. The methodological approach was to document analysis and field exploration, through semi-structured interviews. The results point to incipient front practices to a well-structured policy, the social representations of groups influence their deployment. Low public participation, especially the elderly and the distancing of the research to the practice of these municipalities are short of expectations of policy. The field of science, technology and society contributes to reflections on the appropriation of science and technology, it was observed that in his views prevail the harsh health technologies. The intention of this thesis was to analyze the policy and practices in the current scenario, with no claim assessment, was intended to bring reflections on this policy by the look of social representations and studies of science, technology and society We can conclude that the regions implement the National Policy differently, with demands and perceptions appropriate to their reality, even if they receive national and international guidelines.
A tensão entre democracia e participação nos governos de esquerda : os casos do Brasil, Chile e Venezuela
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-10-31)
Fukushima, Kátia Alves
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Braga, Maria do Socorro Sousa
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2311094074614215
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/2886246718185707
This study aims to examine whether there was progress of leftist governments, specifically, the Lula government in Brazil (2003-2010), Chavez in Venezuela (1999-2013) and Bachelet in Chile (2006-2010) in the conformation a model of participatory democracy. The theoretical basis of the present research is the work of Macpherson (1977) "The Life and Times of Liberal Democracy" that comprises liberal democracy and participatory democracy as complementary terms, as the passage from one to another occurs through the composition, and not by denial. According to this theoretical approach, participatory democracy is understood as the improvement of liberal democracy, assuming an active and less unequal society, in which the citizen has opportunities to develop their skills and participate more and more of the decision process. Therefore, analysis will be performed compared from two dimensions: a) the correlation of political and economic forces in each country (with the opposition parties, business sectors, media and sectors of the church) and; b) the asymmetry of political resources (coming from the institutional legacies, the political system, the pacts and social support base). When comparing the three leftist governments from these two dimensions, we observe the configuration of a "government breaks" (Chavez government in Venezuela), a "moderate government" (Lula government in Brazil) and a "continuity of government" (first mandate Bachelet in Chile). The specific objective was to assess whether these differences between left governments affected in the process of implementation mechanisms for participation in their democracies. Thus, it appears - from three areas – 1) mechanisms of participation and inclusion, 2) favorable conditions for participation, and 3) citizen participation – that among the cases analyzed there is significant variation in the degree of implementation participatory mechanisms and how these governments have devised participation. The conclusions drawn from the data on participation showed that the "government of continuities" Bachelet remained closer to the "balance of democracy" in which popular sovereignty is restricted to the electoral arena as the "government breaks" Chavez approached more participatory democracy. However, the "moderate government" Lula positioned at an intermediate point between the two cases.
Mapeamento de experiências existentes nas universidades federais no combate à violência de gênero e contra as mulheres : subsídios para a construção do Observatório de Gênero Mulheres e Violência na UFSCar
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-11-01)
Capovilla, Silmara Helena
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Fonseca, Sérgio Azevedo
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/2879240108726907
;
Ferraz, Maria Cristina Comunian
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/2893153253924855
The research aims to raise some innovative actions found in Brazilian federal universities that have as a proposal the fight against gender violence and against women. The idea is that the study contributes to the creation of administrative and pedagogical practices that allow the constitution of projects and alternative solutions for the management of conflicts of gender relations within the universities themselves. For the survey of these actions we opted for an exploratory, bibliographical and documentary qualitative research that made use of the content analysis. From the material analyzed, the categories were defined: consolidated successful experiences and recent successful experiences developed by these universities in relation to the fight against gender violence and against women. As a result, the research demonstrates that there is a need for collection, organization, treatment and continuous dissemination of information generated by the IFES. The proposal of intervention of this research is therefore the conception of a Gender, Women and Violence Observatory for the Extension Project ACIEPE / Women in the Public Administration of the Federal University of São Carlos-UFSCar seeking partnerships with SAADE, NIASE, LAPREV, Nucleus of studies YOU WANT that are located in UFSCar, as well as to promote rapprochement with the community of São Carlos. The objective of the creation of the Observatory is to promote the identification of policies to combat violence, the mapping of host networks, the monitoring of indicators, the preparation of proposals and the availability of relevant information found on the subject in the federal universities surveyed. Organized and systematic for different audiences. For praxis to happen, it is necessary to understand the path taken by women and men, specifically in the academic world in the fight against violence against women.
Estudo de formação de tris-acetal internoe espiro-carbocíclicos a partir de (R)-(–)-e espiro-carbocíclicos a partir de (R)-(–)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-11-07)
Desiderá, André Luiz
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Brocksom, Timothy John
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7055452150201902
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4748593313421958
In this work we studied, initially, the formation of the internal tris-ketals derivatives from their respective 2,2-bis-propargyl cyclic ketones from catalysis by gold complexes. The reaction conditions were studied for synthesis of this class of compounds, variations of catalysts with and without addition of co-catalysts, the substituents effect on propargylic carbon, theoretical calculation of the thermodynamic stability of the keto x acetal form and theoretical calculation of chemical shift versus the empirical results for structural confirmation. Based on these results and published reports, mechanisms have been proposed to explain the formation of the obtained products. In a second stage of this work, we studied the diastereoselective 2,2-bisallylation of cicloeptenona and further formation of spiro [6.4] bicyclo system from the ring closure metathesis reaction (RCM). The scope of this work was prepared from 2,2-bis-allyl-cycloalkanones and subsequent RCM using 5 different ruthenium catalysts, varying the solvent and reaction temperature.