Browsing by Issue Date, starting with "2016-11-01"

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Mapeamento de experiências existentes nas universidades federais no combate à violência de gênero e contra as mulheres : subsídios para a construção do Observatório de Gênero Mulheres e Violência na UFSCar
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-11-01)
Capovilla, Silmara Helena
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Fonseca, Sérgio Azevedo
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2879240108726907
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Ferraz, Maria Cristina Comunian
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2893153253924855
The research aims to raise some innovative actions found in Brazilian federal universities that have as a proposal the fight against gender violence and against women. The idea is that the study contributes to the creation of administrative and pedagogical practices that allow the constitution of projects and alternative solutions for the management of conflicts of gender relations within the universities themselves. For the survey of these actions we opted for an exploratory, bibliographical and documentary qualitative research that made use of the content analysis. From the material analyzed, the categories were defined: consolidated successful experiences and recent successful experiences developed by these universities in relation to the fight against gender violence and against women. As a result, the research demonstrates that there is a need for collection, organization, treatment and continuous dissemination of information generated by the IFES. The proposal of intervention of this research is therefore the conception of a Gender, Women and Violence Observatory for the Extension Project ACIEPE / Women in the Public Administration of the Federal University of São Carlos-UFSCar seeking partnerships with SAADE, NIASE, LAPREV, Nucleus of studies YOU WANT that are located in UFSCar, as well as to promote rapprochement with the community of São Carlos. The objective of the creation of the Observatory is to promote the identification of policies to combat violence, the mapping of host networks, the monitoring of indicators, the preparation of proposals and the availability of relevant information found on the subject in the federal universities surveyed. Organized and systematic for different audiences. For praxis to happen, it is necessary to understand the path taken by women and men, specifically in the academic world in the fight against violence against women.
Estudo de formação de tris-acetal internoe espiro-carbocíclicos a partir de (R)-(–)-e espiro-carbocíclicos a partir de (R)-(–)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-11-07)
Desiderá, André Luiz
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Brocksom, Timothy John
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7055452150201902
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4748593313421958
In this work we studied, initially, the formation of the internal tris-ketals derivatives from their respective 2,2-bis-propargyl cyclic ketones from catalysis by gold complexes. The reaction conditions were studied for synthesis of this class of compounds, variations of catalysts with and without addition of co-catalysts, the substituents effect on propargylic carbon, theoretical calculation of the thermodynamic stability of the keto x acetal form and theoretical calculation of chemical shift versus the empirical results for structural confirmation. Based on these results and published reports, mechanisms have been proposed to explain the formation of the obtained products. In a second stage of this work, we studied the diastereoselective 2,2-bisallylation of cicloeptenona and further formation of spiro [6.4] bicyclo system from the ring closure metathesis reaction (RCM). The scope of this work was prepared from 2,2-bis-allyl-cycloalkanones and subsequent RCM using 5 different ruthenium catalysts, varying the solvent and reaction temperature.
Mecanismos celulares envolvidos na ação antiproliferativa do [10]-gingerol sobre células de tumor de mama
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-11-07)
Fuzer, Angelina Maria
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Cominetti, Márcia Regina
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3725318894555272
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3391479439604187
Cancer is a leading cause of death, according to World Health Organization, preceding diseases as diabetes and tuberculosis, conditions as malnutrition and even though interpersonal violence. Many types of cancer are also correlated to major risk factors associated to mortality and morbidity, such as obesity, alcohol abuse and smoking. In 2012 14.1 millions of new cases of cancer arisen with 8.2 million of deaths worldwide. Ginger rhizome (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) is word know use as spice on cooking and widely use as medicinal herb in preparations. Several studies describe its anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antioxidant and anti-emetic activities. Much of the ginger bioactivity is due to its phenolic compounds [6], [8], and [10]- gingerol, which have anti-proliferative and antiangiogenic action on tumor cells, as demonstrated by several in vivo and in vitro studies. Several studies have revealed advantages of three-dimensional culture techniques (3D) over traditional two-dimensional monolayer cultures (2D). 3D cultures better mimic the tumor microenvironment found in vivo, as well as the interaction of cells with the extracellular matrix (ECM). Three-dimensional culture has produced different responses compared to those found in 2D cultures, such as increased resistance of tumor cells to various drugs, and increased selective sensitivity to tumor cells in relation to normal cells. On this work, techniques for three-dimensional culture were used to test the effects of [10]-gingerol on breast tumor cells. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of [10]-gingerol in different hallmarks of malignancy correlated with metastatic process, such as adhesion, proliferation, migration, invasion and also its effects on apoptosis, both in 2D and 3D. Results demonstrated that [10]-gingerol changes the morphology of MDA-MB-231 malignant cells in lower concentrations and shorter times when compared to nonmalignant MCF-10A cells, suggesting an specific and concentration-dependent action for [10]-gingerol on malignant cells. [10]-gingerol was also able to inhibit migration and invasion of MDA-MB- 231 cells at low concentrations and to induce apoptosis at higher concentrations. We observed that [10]-gingerol presented higher IC50 in proliferation assays with MCF-10A non tumor cells compared to tumor cells. The compound also inhibited migration of non-tumor cell lines at higher concentrations compared to tumor cells. Moreover, [10]-gingerol inhibited MDA-MB- 231 cell adhesion to different ECM components, such as laminin, fibronectin and vitronectin, even at low concentrations. Western blotting and real time quantitative PCR assays suggested that [10]-gingerol was able to act by the intrinsic pathway of apoptosis, increasing Bax/Bcl-2 ratio and caspase-9 and caspase-3 mRNA and protein levels in MDA-MB-231 cells. On 3D assays the results showed selectivity of [10]-gingerol against the malignant T4-2 lineage. The compound was also able to revert the malignant phenotype and to induce apoptosis in this cell line. These results suggest that [10]-gingerol has potential to be a new anticancer drug in the future.
Percepções de professores alfabetizadores do município de Votorantim (SP) sobre o pacto nacional pela alfabetização na idade certa (PNAIC): um estudo de caso
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-11-07)
Araujo, Samara Elyza Macedo de
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Nascimento, Fabrício do
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3496410597486943
This study seeks to understand the perceptions of literacy teachers on the proposal for continuing education developed under the National Pact Literacy Age One (PNAIC) in the municipality of Votorantim / SP. The methodological approach to the research was qualitative in nature, with data collection conducted through semi-structured interviews, questionnaires and document analysis. The data were analyzed according to a critical perspective. The formation of the literacy teacher is a concern at the current situation, demanding this professional skills and expertise to train students with a view to meeting the demands of capital. It is considered that the PNAIC is also developed in this perspective, being a punctual and discontinued program that aims to standardize the actions of literacy at the national level, conceiving them as mere executors of tasks. The teachers participating in this study believe that the training received in PNAIC is feasible by allowing the exploitation of their educational practices and changes in their ways of teaching literacy. However, the effective participation of these professionals in the construction and implementation of continuing education proposal of PNAIC is not displayed, and even being objective described by the program, the practice of reflexivity, assume the role of protagonists in their professional development and change agents in contexts in which they operate, yet it is a challenge.
A leitura dialógica na EJA : contribuições de Bakhtin para a Tertúlia Literária Dialógica
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-11-08)
Cavequia, Sabrina Maria de Amorim
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Reyes, Cláudia Raimundo
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5187942717120318
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1876357211314931
Our objectives for this work are: 1) demonstrate, from Mikhail Bakhtin's theory, how an educational activity that promotes dialogic reading provides critical formation coordinated between orality and writing, the author authorship and the readers authorship in shared reading and 2) evidence how the reading of world and reading of word are given at the same time in an educational activity of success, such as Dialogic Literary Gatherings. It is a qualitative research and procedures are: a) participation in Dialogic Literary Gatherings; b) interviews about important moments in the life of the research subjects and with the teacher who performs the Dialogic Literary Gatherings in their classes; c) identification of meanings that emerge from the meeting between word and ideologies that are present during the reading. So as to do that, our references were the studies of Mikhail Bakhtin to compare and analyze the data, we discuss a new conception of reading, we reflect on the needs of the subjects of Youth and Adult Education (YAE) in school context and present the Dialogic Literary Gatherings as an educational activity of success that provides knowledge of quality to all participants involved through dialogic learning. As a result, we show the potential of the dialogic reading for the production of knowledge, for the constitution of innovative ways to mean text, more connected to the reality of the reader, we emphasize the need to discuss the educational practices of success that happen in YAE and reveal as the reader expands its own understanding of the world when it expands your reading comprehension.
Atividades curriculares de integração ensino, pesquisa e extensão na Universidade Federal de São Carlos : práticas e significados à luz de Paulo Freire
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-11-08)
Gomes, Geraldo Biason
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Ferraz, Maria Cristina Comunian
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2893153253924855
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8755090773966503
University Extention initiatives have been growing in importance concerning the articulation between universities and society, and also academic efforts from universities themselves regarding their relationship with teaching and research. Teaching, Research and Extention Integration of Curricular Activities (ACIEPEs in Portuguese) at the Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), Brazil are intervention projects that contribute to university extention efforts, consisting of multidisciplinary teams and involving teachers, technicians and students from the university, which are open to the external community to participate. The aim of this study was to verify if the ACIEPEs meet the objective they propose, especially regarding the integration of the university with the external public and promoting access to knowledge, aiming to motivate the external public to participate. Among the various possibilities of research focus suggested by the diversity of subjects addressed by the ACIEPEs, Paulo Freire´s view on Extention was used, considering the current relevance and great contribution of his work to Education in general, and especially Extention. It also sought to determine which Freirean references or alignment points between the characteristics of the ACIEPEs and Freirean references are found in the ACIEPEs practice. This study is based on bibliographical and documentary research, with data collect through questionnaire and interview, followed by content analysis. As a result, it was found: 1. that some alignment points between Freire´s view on Extention and characteristics of the ACIEPEs appear to be diffuse across many of the references in Freire´s work and the outcome desired by the ACIEPEs; 2. whereby the ACIEPEs meet their objectives, including: a) providing a wideranging training program to students at UFSCar encouraging them to have critical insight that goes beyond obtaining technical knowledge; b) providing an enriching experience to the various actors involved - students, teachers and the external public; c) collaborating with institutional goals of university integration with the external public and promoting access to knowledge; and d) acting on the principle of indivisibility between teaching, research and extention; and 3. making it possible to identify a successful training model, as well as dissemination, production and knowledge reconstruction from the ACIEPEs, suggesting guidelines to adopt this model in traditional undergraduate subjects.
Desenvolvimento de biossensor óptico para detecção de microrganismos patogênicos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-11-10)
Thomazini, Bruno da Silva
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Pizzolitto, Elisabeth Loshchagin
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3057012628845658
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Moreira, Fernando Manuel Araújo
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1809254923092721
Infections caused by super-resistant microorganisms represent a major clinical and fiscal burden as a global problem. In addition, microorganisms are responsible for the deterioration of foods that, if consumed, can cause great harm to consumer health. For this reason, there is a need for constant monitoring both in the health area and in industrial processes, in order to prevent infections from occurring. Conventional methods for detecting micro-organisms are based on specific biological and biochemical identification. Although these methods are sensitive, inexpensive, and provide quantitative and qualitative information regarding the nature of the microorganism, they are restricted because they require relatively long time and require initial sample treatment for pathogens at low concentrations. The use of peptides in the detection of pathogenic microorganisms has been the subject of studies since it allows a precise and rapid detection. Peptides are known antimicrobial components used for a long time in the fight against infections caused by pathogens. Previous studies have demonstrated that the polycerradin peptide can be used in the development of sensors, since its antimicrobial action inhibits the luminescence of microorganisms due to cell death. The light signals from the antimicrobial action of this peptide against the microorganism were analyzed for the microorganisms Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Shigela sonnei, Furasim subglutinans, Colletotrichium gloeosporioides e Candida albicans. The spectra obtained through the data, which were collected by photoluminescence spectroscopy, showed that there was suppression of the luminescence around λ = 700-750 nm, when the lipopeptide extract (ELP) was added in all evaluated microorganisms. Thus, it was possible to determine the antimicrobial action of this peptide against the microorganisms studied, as well as the presence of these microorganisms through its emission spectrum. This technique was applied in the development and construction of an optical sensor, using materials of low cost, for use in the monitoring and identification of pathogenic microorganisms in several areas, such as health and food industry.
Hipersuperfícies conformemente euclidianas com curvatura média ou escalar constante
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-11-10)
Rei Filho, Carlos Gonçalves do
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Figueiredo Junior, Ruy Tojeiro de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9930999514347198
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5461170290751462
In this work we study conformally flat hypersurfaces f: M3 ^ Q4(c) with three distinct principal curvatures in a space form with constant sectional curvature c, under the assumption that either its mean curvature H or its scalar curvature S is constant. In case H is constant, first we extend to any c G R a theorem due to Defever when c = 0 and show that there is no such hypersurface if H = 0. Our main results are for the minimal case H = 0. If c = 0, we prove that f (M3) is an open subset of a generalized cone over a Clifford torus in an umbilical hypersurface Q4(c) C Q4(c), c > 0, with c > c if c > 0. For c = 0, we show that, besides the cone over the Clifford torus in S3 C R4, there exists precisely a one-parameter family of (congruence classes of) minimal isometric immersions f: M3 ^ R4 with three distinct principal curvatures of simply-connected conformally flat Riemannian manifolds. Assuming S to be constant, we only study the case c = 0. We prove that f (M3) is an open subset of a cylinder over a surface of nonzero constant Gauss curvature in R3.
Uma abordagem híbrida baseada em Projeções sobre Conjuntos Convexos para Super-Resolução espacial e espectral
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-11-10)
Cunha, Bruno Aguilar
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Homem, Murillo Rodrigo Petrucelli
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4099700446922080
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4204770612938184
This work proposes both a study and a development of an algorithm for super-resolution of digital images using projections onto convex sets. The method is based on a classic algorithm for spatial super-resolution which considering the subpixel information present in a set of lower resolution images, generate an image of higher resolution and better visual quality. We propose the incorporation of a new restriction based on the Richardson-Lucy algorithm in order to restore and recover part of the spatial frequencies lost during the degradation and decimation process of the high resolution images. In this way the algorithm provides a hybrid approach based on projections onto convex sets which is capable of promoting both the spatial and spectral image super-resolution. The proposed approach was compared with the original algorithm from Sezan and Tekalp and later with a method based on a robust framework that is considered nowadays one of the most effective methods for super-resolution. The results, considering both the visual and the mean square error analysis, demonstrate that the proposed method has great potential promoting increased visual quality over the images studied.
Process parameters optimization and microstructure evaluation on friction spot-welded aluminum/copper dissimilar joints
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-11-17)
Cardillo, Maria Eduarda Barbosa
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Alcântara, Nelson Guedes de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3123107570992184
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8718451168281592
Dissimilar materials welding is a field of increasing interest for a wide range of industrial applications. Specifically, the welding of aluminum alloys with copper has potential applications in the heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) industries, being used for the production of electrical and thermal connections. However, these applications require the development of reliable, efficient and economic welding processes. Mismatches between the material’s physical properties and metallurgical factors make the identification of an adequate welding process and parameters a challenge to be overcome. In the present research work, friction spot welding (FSpW) was applied to create welded joints between AA5083-O and phosphorus-deoxidized copper. The objectives were: to optimize the process parameters and to determine the dominant factors by means of design of experiments; to comprehend the microstructure formation mechanism; and to determine the fracture behaviors of the welds under shear loading. For these purposes, mechanical testing and metallographic analyses were used to evaluate the welded joints. Lap-shear strength was chosen to determine the weld quality and microhardness tests were done in order to better understand the specific local mechanical resistance of the different welding zones. Microstructural analyses were performed by means of optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy and by the electron backscatter diffraction technique. The software Thermocalc was also used to theorize the intermetallic formation. The results confirmed the effectiveness of the FSpW technique when applied to weld the dissimilar metals Al and Cu. The plunge depth welding parameter was determined statistically as the dominant factor in Al and Cu friction spot-welded joints. Mainly, due to its effect on the formation of a deformed metallic volume just below the interface. Microscopically, two intermetallic compounds were identified across the interface and micro-constituents with characteristics of an eutectic structure were also observed in some welding conditions. This metallurgical feature is detrimental to the mechanical properties, and therefore must be controlled.
Diretrizes MobiDeaf: uma abordagem para desenvolvimento de aplicações de redes sociais em dispositivos móveis para os surdos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-11-17)
Schefer, Ricardo Pezzotti
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Zaina, Luciana Aparecida Martinez
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0192085115595443
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3441720719834089
The easy access to mobile and social networking is changing the way people communicate; however, the deaf person is segregated in some of these media. Although there are many designers working with some recommendations, these are still too general and do not satisfy the complete interaction of the deaf in these environments. In this scenario, the deaf audience is not considered in the creation of these applications either because the developers do not know or because they cannot find direct and accurate information about the needs of this group. Supported by literature and experiments, this paper proposes guidelines for developing applications for social networks on mobile devices specifically focused on the deaf audience. Through action research approach (AR), at first we tried to know the difficulties of the public from the perspectives of interaction with mobile devices applied to social networks, specifically Facebook. This first AR cycle was carried out through tests with users for Communicability Evaluation Method (CEM). Afterwards, one participatory design session (DP) was performed, in which the prototypes produced by the users were analyzed and classified by the Model 3C vision. Based on guidelines and the results of experiments, the MobiDeaf was created with eight guidelines. Mobideaf was evaluated by comparison with the WCAG 2.0 recommendations in two types of tests: (i) with designers who produced prototypes, which were analyzed, inspected and reproduced in a test application, and; (ii) with deaf people who experimented the test application. This project contributes in bringing a set of guidelines that help both the designer and the target audience. Also describes CEM tests and a DP session. Presents a mapping of the features worked by the deaf based on Facebook social network, in the Model 3C. Shows in detail the creation and evaluation of guidelines that can be used to enable better interaction of the deaf with society in general through social networking on mobiles.
A apropriação do conceito numérico no 1º ano do ensino fundamental : um estudo na perspectiva da teoria histórico-cultural
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-11-17)
Guillen, Juliane Dias
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Faria, Paulo Cézar de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3630521378837174
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Tedeschi, Wania
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5743322664981581
This dissertation presents the master’s research developed at the Professional Graduate Program in Education of the Federal University of São Carlos, guided by the following question: how do students of the 1st grade of Elementary School take in the numerical concept while experiencing teaching activities? The objectives of this research were to identify how children from a class of the 1st grade of Elementary School take in the numerical concept, and to discuss it through the data obtained according to the cultural-historical activity theory. The methodology was based on a qualitative perspective, specifically on a case study of a class of six-year-old students from a municipal school in the state of São Paulo. Three teaching activities with an abacus were developed based on the cultural-historical perspective. Analysis was based on an interpretative view of the demonstrations expressed by the students during the development of the activities, transcribed through filming. The results show that during the realization of the situations triggering learning it was possible to perceive that the students appropriated the numerical concept.
Os empresários no Congresso: a legitimação de interesses via audiências públicas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-11-18)
Troiano, Mariele
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Noronha, Eduardo Garuti
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6908348693613769
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3227437575714593
The present research aims to analyze the participation of entrepreneurs and their representatives in the public hearings of the Deputies Chamber commissions from 2001 to 2010. The fact that the permanent committees possess decisive power over certain law projects substantiates the importance of public hearings and the relevance participation of an external agent in its composition. Out of 2,714 public hearings that happened during this period, 91 of them debated law projects that held businessmen amongst its guests. The research has concluded that the public hearings are efficient institutionalized ways of intermediation of interests, in order that the entrepreneurs take a position in favor or against the proposals, representing organizations and defending their own interests on their speeches. Therefore, the public hearings have preserved from the constituent process of 1987-88 the purpose of making consensus through conflicts of preferences. From the analysis of stenographic notes, it has also been concluded that the influence of businessmen over a certain project is directly related to the legitimization process of their own interests at the plenary session. This fact means that, in order to have influence over decisive processes, the entrepreneur needs not only legitimacy from the group/association to which one belongs but also a political and partisan legitimacy, making it possible for their interests to be inserted into the political agenda. This political and partisan legitimacy is based on the relationship between the businessmen and the members of the Parliament who are part of the commissions, and the authors of the proposals, besides also in the way the speeches are built during public hearings.
Exposição biomecânica durante o manuseio de caixas em ambiente real e simulado com trabalhadores industriais
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-11-18)
Nogueira, Helen Cristina
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Oliveira, Ana Beatriz de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1049547759186556
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9985037319198420
Musculoskeletal risks involving manual box handling can be minimized with the adoption of preventive approaches such as the inclusion of handles in boxes. However, the literature indicates the acquisition of motor skills over working time, can also be a protective factor in development of musculoskeletal disorders. Thus, the study 1 aimed to evaluate the physical load of the upper arms and upper back between 37 novice and 21 experienced subject during handling a new box design compared to commercial ones. The order of surfaces to handle (places to boxes depositions – floor and shoulder levels) and the type of box was randomized. In addition to direct measures (electrogoniometry, inclinometry and electromyography) subjective scales were used to assess the comfort and perceived effort. In general, both experienced and inexperienced subjects had lower biomechanics load handling non-commercial boxes compared to commercial ones. However, the inexperienced subjects demonstrated greater reductions in physical overload during the handling of non-commercial boxes, being more advantageous the recommendation of these boxes for this user profile. In the real work setting, handling boxes is highly rotating mainly in developing countries. Thus, interventions focus on boxes could help the workers, who may have different levels of experience with the job. However, the real work environment involves other tasks besides handling box, and tasks distribution over time could minimize the handling risks. In this way, the study 2 has been proposed to assess the physical exposure in real environment, where in addition to handling box workers perform other activities, aiming to identify the representative handling task in the total work exposure. The biomechanical exposure was assessed from muscular electrical activity of trapezius and upper limb movement recordings during a period of 4 hours to the work routine. The results showed that handling box task required the greater activation of the trapezius in relation to other activities, particularly in peak loads (percentiles 90 and 99 APDF - Amplitude Probability Distribution Function). Effect size calculations have identified the magnitude of the difference between the tasks is large, particularly in peak loads. In relation to the total job, handling box differed by greater amplitudes of upper back forward flexion and left arm elevation postures. Thus, the handling task requires interventions to decrease the physical load in a real work environment in order to promote occupational health, as identified in simulated environment by other studies. The conclusions of this thesis are related to the importance of considering the profile of workers' experience and the need to assessment work exposure involving all tasks performed, emphasizing the importance of studies involving workers in the real working environment.
Padrões de montagem de comunidades : investigando a estrutura funcional e filogenética para inferir processos em comunidades naturais
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-11-18)
Saito, Victor Satoru
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Gessner, Alaíde Aparecida Fonseca
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8465752836529703
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3312862423985585
Community ecology aims to disentangle the relative influence of the drivers of community assembly. My thesis is composed of four chapters with different focus on the drivers of assembly in natural and simulated communities. In the first chapter we studied stream aquatic insects over 600 km extension. We found that the phylogenetic structure of communities had a spatial signature, suggesting dispersal limitation. We found that large insects, with high flight capacity and with univoltine life cycles were the most affected by spatial distance. We suggest that the number of generation per year and hence the number of dispersal events is a strong factor for the distribution of aquatic insects. In the second chapter we studied the assembly of stream insects over a smaller scale in the Itanhaém river basin. We were interested on the influence of competition and environmental filtering on the functional and phylogenetic structure of insects. If environmental filtering was strong, traits of respiration type and pollution sensitivity should be more similar than expected by chance, while if competition was strong we should find less similarity in feeding strategies among co-occurring taxa. We found evidence of environmental filtering but not of strong competition. Additionally, we found common co-occurrence of ancient clades of aquatic insect orders, likely due to the stability of stream habitats along evolutionary scale. In the third chapter we also investigated competition and environmental filtering, but we used odonates, a group with aggressive behavior against visually similar species. This happen because it cannot properly identify if a similar individual is a mate competitor or not. Even in this case, we found more evidence of environmental filtering, likely because related odonates have similar reproductive strategies linked to specific riverine characteristics, forcing these related species to co-occur. In the fourth chapter we were interested again on the signatures of competition, however we used computational simulations to generate communities assembled by competition. We aimed to identify if the observational approach could indeed identify competitive exclusion. Simulated communities were generally composed of similar species, because species with small competitive difference do not exclude each other. Strikingly, we commonly found random patterns owing to the relaxed competition diluted among multiple species. In conclusion, we found that the assembling of natural and simulated communities is influenced by dispersal and history on the regional scale, and by environmental filtering on the local scale. The influence of competition is still open to questioning given the lack of reliability of the traditional observational approach.
Uma sequência didática sobre porcentagem e tratamento da informação utilizando problemas das OBMEP
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-11-18)
Faxina, Maria Lúcia Beltrami
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Caetano, Paulo Antônio Silvani
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0370219014539994
This work presents a didactic sequence, in thirteen activity pages, with problems on percentage and information processing of the Brazilian Mathematics Olympiad of Public Schools (OBMEP), idealized for different learning from the traditional exposition of theory followed by examples and exercises. The work was developed with the 8th grade classes of a municipal school in the city of Campinas in the year 2015. The activities were designed with the objective of giving the students autonomy to solve problems in everyday situations in the various areas of knowledge, always rescuing contents to make the connection between the new and the old knowledge. In application dynamics, we tried to diversify the presentation of content through play activities. The evaluation was carried out in multiple moments’ ant we consider that the presented results can contribute significantly to the improvement of basic education especially in the ways of approaching new contents in the teaching of Mathematics.
Contaminantes emergentes em estações de tratamento de esgoto aeróbia e anaeróbia
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-11-21)
Grosseli, Guilherme Martins
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Fadini, Pedro Sérgio
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3255060531838427
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8758982764260394
The wastewater treatment plant (WWTPs) play an important role to ensuring the health and preservation of aquatic ecosystems through biological removal (mainly) of pollutants and microorganisms in the sanitary and industrial sewage, avoiding the disposal "in natura" of sewage on water and soil. Among these organic contaminants stand out Emerging Contaminants (EC), like pharmaceuticals, personal care products and endocrine disruptors, drug abuse, etc.In this study, it was investigated the occurrence and evaluated the removal of 12 EC: naproxen (NPX), diclofenac (DCF), ibuprofen (IBU), caffeine (CAF), carbamazepine (CBZ), propranolol (PRP), atenolol (ATL ), 1-hydroxyibuprofen (IBU-1OH), 2-hydroxy-ibuprofen (IBU-2OH), 10,11-dihydro-10,11-dihydroxy-carbamazepine (CBZ-DIOH), 2-hydroxy-carbamazepine (CBZ-2OH) at two wastewater treatment plants operating with biologic system, one aerobic and another one anaerobic. The first one is located in Jundiaí / SP city and the second one in São Carlos / SP. The target compounds were extracted from the aqueous phase by solid phase extraction (SPE). The analytical determinations were done through liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry with triple quadrupole analyzer (UPLC-MS / MS).Pharmaceuticals, metabolites and personal care product triclosan were detected in all samples. The WWTP CSJJundiaí, which operates in aerobic system showed high removal values (R>70%), in all samples, for the CAF, NPX, ATL, IBU-1OH and TCS, moderate removal (70%>R> 20%) for the IBU and IBU-2 OH, low removal (R <20%) and production (R <0%) for CBZ and PRP.On the other hand ETE-Monjolinho, which operates in an anaerobic system presented a less removal of contaminants, where only caffeine had R> 70%.Thecompounds TCS IBU-2OH, IBU-1OH and ATL was moderate removal, CBZ-DIOH, CBZ and IBU was poorly removal, while it was observed production of DCF, PRP and CBZ-2OH (R < 0%). The metabolite CBZ-DIOH was recalcitrant to degradation in both WWTP. Moreover, it was noticed that WWTP can not only promote the degradation of some contaminants but also the production of the same, as is the case of DCF, CBZ, CBZ-2OH, CBZ-DIOH and PRP in both WWTP, and Moreover, it is possible to observe that STPs can promote not only the degradation of some contaminants but also the production of the same, as is the case of DCF, CBZ, CBZ-2 OH, CBZ-DIOH and PRP in both STPs, and ATL, IBU, and IBU-1OH only in ETE-Monjolinho. Despite both WWTP not completely remove the organic contaminants, it was found that WWTP with aerobic biodegradation has proved more effective in removing the EC than anaerobic biodegradation.The currently WWTP technologies are not able to eliminated most of EC, providing this contaminants into water bodies. This work aim to contributes to the understanding the EC in WWTP, in order to support better operating parameters of WWTP or the requirement of new technologies which allowed the removal of these contaminants providing treated wastewater that could helping for the global water scarcity problem.
Capacidade de exercício e efeitos de diferentes intensidades de exercício resistido em um treinamento físico combinado em pacientes com doença pulmonar obstrutiva crônica
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-11-22)
Santos, Júlia Gianjoppe dos
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Di Lorenzo, Valéria Amorim Pires
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9071791546812165
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8646547228832836
The scientific literature of patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) brings several specific aspects in relation to exercise capacity and physical training. However, there are gaps that have not been elucidated, bringing scientific questions that enabled this thesis development. The questions presented were: 1) Do patients with more symptomatic COPD present different exercise capacity on a cycle ergometer according to disease severity? 2) What limiting factors of exercise capacity are related to greater functional impairment of patients with COPD and greater disease severity? 3) In patients with COPD, which intensity of resistance training in a combined physical training produces more positive effects on peripheral muscle strength, exercise capacity, symptoms perception and quality of life? Thus, two studies were performed involving the problematic presented with following aims: 1) to identify how the limiting factors (ventilatory, cardiovascular, oxygenation and peripheral muscles) are involved in exercise performance and to determine whether there is difference on exercise capacity in more symptomatic patients with different disease severity; 2) to compare the effect of two combined trainings, different regarding the intensity of the resistance training, on peripheral muscle strength, exercise capacity, symptoms and quality of life in patients with COPD and to verify which intensity of training was capable of presenting a larger proportion of responder patients. Methods: The first study was a cross-sectional study with thirty-eight symptomatic patients with COPD (COPD assessment test ≥ 10 points) that were assessed by: Spirometry, Symptom-limited Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing (CPET), Six Minute Walk Test (6MWT), isometric muscle strength test of knee extensors (KExt) and hip abductors (HAbd) with Microfet2 dynamometer. Subjects were grouped according to airway obstruction level [Group 1: FEV1 ≥ 50% (n=17, 66±9yrs, FEV1=61.1± 9.9%pred) and Group 2: FEV1 < 50% (n=21, 67.8±8.9yrs, FEV1=36.3±8.5%pred)]. In second study, with intervention program for patients with COPD, thirty-one patients were assessed and reassessed by: CAT, Saint George’s Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ); isometric muscle strength of KExt and elbow flexors (EFlex); 6MWT; Symptom-limited CPET; constant load cardiopulmonary test (CL-CPET) and one repetition maximum test (1RM). Patients were randomized in two groups and underwent 36 training sessions: combined training with low-intensity resistance training, from 30%1RM to 45%1RM for upper limbs and to 51%1RM for lower limbs (LIRT: n=16, 68.1±9.3years, 10 FEV1=50.0±15.7%pred), and combined training with high intensity resistance training, from 60%1RM to 75%1RM for upper limbs and to 81%1RM for lower limbs (HIRT: n=15, 70±6.5years, FEV 1 =46.8 ± 14.5%pred). Both groups performed aerobic training with work load corresponding to 80% VO2peak in symptom-limited CPET. Results: More symptomatic patients with more severity COPD had significantly lower 6MWD, besides lower oxygen saturation and ventilatory reserve in peak CPET, being that the prevalence of this condition in peak exercise occurred in higher proportion in this group. Furthermore, there were significant differences in isometric strength between groups, being KExt strength able to predict approximately 52% of CPET maximal load. For patients that performed combined training with different intensities of resistance training, there were significant differences regarding symptoms (CAT), quality of life (SGRQ) and exercise capacity (6MWD and Tlim) in both groups, nevertheless, only HIRT presented significative improvement in isometric muscle strength of KExt and EFlex). Both trainings presented values above the minimum clinically important difference (MCID) to symptom and exercise capacity. However, quality of life and KExt and EFlex isometric muscle strength only presented improvements higher than MCID in group HIRT, which also presented a significantly larger number of responder patients considering isometric muscle strength. Conclusion: More symptomatic patients with COPD with higher disease severity present more limitation in exercise tolerance, being lower ventilatory reserve, oxygenation deficit and KExt muscle strength more pronounced limiting factors in these patients. Additionally, aerobic training associated to resistance training was effective to improve symptoms and exercise capacity regardless the intensity of the strength training. However, high intensity resistance training may lead to greater gains regarding quality of life and peripheral muscle strength, which indicates that patients respond more and better to this intensity of training, as well as present greater clinical relevance.
Análise da evolução temporal de dados métricos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-11-22)
Fogaça, Isis Caroline Oliveira de Sousa
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Bueno, Renato
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7189857417959804
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4705543517048838
The expansion of different areas of knowledge through many types of information brought the necessity to support complex data (images, sounds, videos, strings, DNA chains, etc.), that do not have a Total Order Relationship and need other management mechanisms, like the contentbased retrieval. In general, they are represented in metric space domains, where we have only the elements and the distances between them. Through the characteristics extracted from them, we perform the similarity search. Considering the necessity to associate temporal information on these data in many applications, this work aims to analyze the temporal evolve of metric data. One alternative for this is embedding them into a multidimensional space to allow trajectories estimates. We studied different methods of embedding and analyzed how this affected the data’s distribution and, consequently, the estimates. Two new methods were purposed to estimate an element’s status on a different time from that available in database, in order to reduce the number of non-relevant elements on search results. These methods are based on radius search reduction (range) and evaluation of retrieved element’s proximity by using an approximation of reverse k- NN. We performed experiments which showed that purposed methods could improve the estimate’s result, that used to be performed only using k-NN searches.
Cultivo de adubos verdes forrageiros em solo previamente irrigado com efluente tratado de laticínio e cultivo em sucessão da alface
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-11-24)
Donatti, Ramon Nantes
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Gomes, Tamara Maria
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8713189027706362
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Rossi, Fabrício
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0621862166341833
The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential for cultivation of forage green manure species in previously irrigated soil with treated dairy effluent, as a phytoremediation technique of sodium, and cultivation in succession of lettuce. The design was in randomized blocks in a factorial scheme, with three sources of water (anaerobic effluent - ANE, aerobic effluent - AE, and tap water - TW) used in beet cultivation, and the post - cultivation of three green forage fertilizers (calopogo, pigeon pea and millet), with four replicates. After the green manure was cultivated the crisp lettuce, cv. "Brida". The following were evaluated: the development of green manures; phytoextraction of nutrients and sodium; the bromatology of the forages, the chemical characteristics of the soil before and after cultivation of green manures; the productivity of lettuce and its chemical characteristics. Millet presented higher fresh shoot mass production (FSMP) when compared to calopogo and millet. However, it showed reduction of FSMP in ANE in relation to TW. In the soil chemical analysis before and after green manuring, it was found that calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) increased after cultivation of green manures. In relation to sodium (Na), millet phytoextracted 22.4 kg ha-1 , differing statistically from pigeon pea (11.4 kg ha-1 ), in the mean of water sources. Millet was the most efficient phytoextractive sodium species, even though no phytoextraction of Na was present at adequate levels so that the soil could receive effluents again. Millet had higher levels of neutral detergent fiber (FDN), acid detergent fiber (FDA) and hemicellulose. Crude protein (CP) did not differ statistically between green manures. In relation to lettuce productivity, there was difference after millet cultivation (2.80 kg m-2 ) in relation to pigeon pea (3.71 kg m-2 ) and calopogo (3.60 kg m-2 ). The lettuce produced satisfactorily after the cultivation of green manures