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Os empresários no Congresso: a legitimação de interesses via audiências públicas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-11-18) Troiano, Mariele; Noronha, Eduardo Garuti; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6908348693613769; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3227437575714593
The present research aims to analyze the participation of entrepreneurs and their representatives in the public hearings of the Deputies Chamber commissions from 2001 to 2010. The fact that the permanent committees possess decisive power over certain law projects substantiates the importance of public hearings and the relevance participation of an external agent in its composition. Out of 2,714 public hearings that happened during this period, 91 of them debated law projects that held businessmen amongst its guests. The research has concluded that the public hearings are efficient institutionalized ways of intermediation of interests, in order that the entrepreneurs take a position in favor or against the proposals, representing organizations and defending their own interests on their speeches. Therefore, the public hearings have preserved from the constituent process of 1987-88 the purpose of making consensus through conflicts of preferences. From the analysis of stenographic notes, it has also been concluded that the influence of businessmen over a certain project is directly related to the legitimization process of their own interests at the plenary session. This fact means that, in order to have influence over decisive processes, the entrepreneur needs not only legitimacy from the group/association to which one belongs but also a political and partisan legitimacy, making it possible for their interests to be inserted into the political agenda. This political and partisan legitimacy is based on the relationship between the businessmen and the members of the Parliament who are part of the commissions, and the authors of the proposals, besides also in the way the speeches are built during public hearings.
Exposição biomecânica durante o manuseio de caixas em ambiente real e simulado com trabalhadores industriais
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-11-18) Nogueira, Helen Cristina; Oliveira, Ana Beatriz de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1049547759186556; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9985037319198420
Musculoskeletal risks involving manual box handling can be minimized with the adoption of preventive approaches such as the inclusion of handles in boxes. However, the literature indicates the acquisition of motor skills over working time, can also be a protective factor in development of musculoskeletal disorders. Thus, the study 1 aimed to evaluate the physical load of the upper arms and upper back between 37 novice and 21 experienced subject during handling a new box design compared to commercial ones. The order of surfaces to handle (places to boxes depositions – floor and shoulder levels) and the type of box was randomized. In addition to direct measures (electrogoniometry, inclinometry and electromyography) subjective scales were used to assess the comfort and perceived effort. In general, both experienced and inexperienced subjects had lower biomechanics load handling non-commercial boxes compared to commercial ones. However, the inexperienced subjects demonstrated greater reductions in physical overload during the handling of non-commercial boxes, being more advantageous the recommendation of these boxes for this user profile. In the real work setting, handling boxes is highly rotating mainly in developing countries. Thus, interventions focus on boxes could help the workers, who may have different levels of experience with the job. However, the real work environment involves other tasks besides handling box, and tasks distribution over time could minimize the handling risks. In this way, the study 2 has been proposed to assess the physical exposure in real environment, where in addition to handling box workers perform other activities, aiming to identify the representative handling task in the total work exposure. The biomechanical exposure was assessed from muscular electrical activity of trapezius and upper limb movement recordings during a period of 4 hours to the work routine. The results showed that handling box task required the greater activation of the trapezius in relation to other activities, particularly in peak loads (percentiles 90 and 99 APDF - Amplitude Probability Distribution Function). Effect size calculations have identified the magnitude of the difference between the tasks is large, particularly in peak loads. In relation to the total job, handling box differed by greater amplitudes of upper back forward flexion and left arm elevation postures. Thus, the handling task requires interventions to decrease the physical load in a real work environment in order to promote occupational health, as identified in simulated environment by other studies. The conclusions of this thesis are related to the importance of considering the profile of workers' experience and the need to assessment work exposure involving all tasks performed, emphasizing the importance of studies involving workers in the real working environment.
Uma sequência didática sobre porcentagem e tratamento da informação utilizando problemas das OBMEP
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-11-18) Faxina, Maria Lúcia Beltrami; Caetano, Paulo Antônio Silvani; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0370219014539994
This work presents a didactic sequence, in thirteen activity pages, with problems on percentage and information processing of the Brazilian Mathematics Olympiad of Public Schools (OBMEP), idealized for different learning from the traditional exposition of theory followed by examples and exercises. The work was developed with the 8th grade classes of a municipal school in the city of Campinas in the year 2015. The activities were designed with the objective of giving the students autonomy to solve problems in everyday situations in the various areas of knowledge, always rescuing contents to make the connection between the new and the old knowledge. In application dynamics, we tried to diversify the presentation of content through play activities. The evaluation was carried out in multiple moments’ ant we consider that the presented results can contribute significantly to the improvement of basic education especially in the ways of approaching new contents in the teaching of Mathematics.
Padrões de montagem de comunidades : investigando a estrutura funcional e filogenética para inferir processos em comunidades naturais
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016-11-18) Saito, Victor Satoru; Gessner, Alaíde Aparecida Fonseca; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8465752836529703; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3312862423985585
Community ecology aims to disentangle the relative influence of the drivers of community assembly. My thesis is composed of four chapters with different focus on the drivers of assembly in natural and simulated communities. In the first chapter we studied stream aquatic insects over 600 km extension. We found that the phylogenetic structure of communities had a spatial signature, suggesting dispersal limitation. We found that large insects, with high flight capacity and with univoltine life cycles were the most affected by spatial distance. We suggest that the number of generation per year and hence the number of dispersal events is a strong factor for the distribution of aquatic insects. In the second chapter we studied the assembly of stream insects over a smaller scale in the Itanhaém river basin. We were interested on the influence of competition and environmental filtering on the functional and phylogenetic structure of insects. If environmental filtering was strong, traits of respiration type and pollution sensitivity should be more similar than expected by chance, while if competition was strong we should find less similarity in feeding strategies among co-occurring taxa. We found evidence of environmental filtering but not of strong competition. Additionally, we found common co-occurrence of ancient clades of aquatic insect orders, likely due to the stability of stream habitats along evolutionary scale. In the third chapter we also investigated competition and environmental filtering, but we used odonates, a group with aggressive behavior against visually similar species. This happen because it cannot properly identify if a similar individual is a mate competitor or not. Even in this case, we found more evidence of environmental filtering, likely because related odonates have similar reproductive strategies linked to specific riverine characteristics, forcing these related species to co-occur. In the fourth chapter we were interested again on the signatures of competition, however we used computational simulations to generate communities assembled by competition. We aimed to identify if the observational approach could indeed identify competitive exclusion. Simulated communities were generally composed of similar species, because species with small competitive difference do not exclude each other. Strikingly, we commonly found random patterns owing to the relaxed competition diluted among multiple species. In conclusion, we found that the assembling of natural and simulated communities is influenced by dispersal and history on the regional scale, and by environmental filtering on the local scale. The influence of competition is still open to questioning given the lack of reliability of the traditional observational approach.