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Influência da microestrutura na resistência mecânica de ligas hipereutéticas Al-Si solidificadas direcionalmente
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2017-01-18)
Reyes, Rodrigo André Valenzuela
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Spinelli, José Eduardo
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8882038118634925
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9357263200951932
The present research work deals with directional solidification (DS) of Al-15wt.% and 18wt.% Si alloys and further characterization of the related microstructures. Emphasis is given on the eutectic growth being affected not only by solidification kinetics (V-eutectic growth rate and G-thermal gradient) but also by melt superheat, which is varied in two degrees for each alloy, i.e., 6% and 23% above the liquidus temperature. The dependences of interphase spacing (X) on both solidification kinetics (fast, intermediate and slow cooling conditions) and on melt superheat during solidification of hypereutectic alloys are reported for the first time. Furthermore, functional experimental interrelations of tensile mechanical properties and interphase spacing between eutectic Si particles of both alloys evaluated are proposed. It is shown by these correlations that the tensile properties increase with the decrease in these spacings. More significant variations in properties are associated with a certain range of spacings (1.0^m < X < 2.3^m) in the case of the Al-15wt.%Si alloy. Tensile strength and elongation-to-fracture decrease with increasing alloy silicon content. The applicability of eutectic growth expressions such as X=f (V-1/2) and X=f (G-a x V-b) has been verified for the present tested alloys and experimental conditions.
Análise da microestrutura, parâmetros térmicos e de propriedades mecânicas na solidificação direcional de ligas Al-Mg-Fe
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2017-01-18)
Gomes, Leonardo Fernandes
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Spinelli, José Eduardo
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8882038118634925
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6904883156193838
Al-Mg-Fe alloys are appointed as favorable ones in respect of the costs involved and all the required properties for successful vessel service. However, experimental inter-relations of solidification thermal parameters, microstructure and mechanical resistance are still undetermined. In the present research work, the dependences of tensile properties on the length scale of the dendritic morphology of ternary Al-1.2wt.%Mg-1.5wt.%Fe and Al-7.0wt.%Mg-1.5wt.%Fe alloys are examined. Transient heat flow conditions during solidification have been achieved by the use of a directional solidification system, thus permitting a comprehensive characterization of the dendritic microstructures to be performed. Thermo-Calc computations, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analyses were carried out to give support to the extensive microstructural evaluation performed with both ternary Al-Mg-Fe alloys. Experimental growth relations of primary, λ1 and secondary, λ2 dendrite arm spacings with cooling rate (ṪL) and of tensile properties with λ2 are proposed. For both alloys examined, Hall-Petch type formulae show that the tensile strength increase with the decrease in λ2. The soundest strength-ductility balance is exhibited by the Al-7.0wt%Mg-1.5wt%Fe alloy specimen with very refined microstructure. This is shown to be due to a more homogeneous distribution of intermetallic particles in connection with solid solution strengthening propitiated by Mg. Functional experimental inter-relations of tensile properties with growth (VL) and cooling rates (ṪL) for both ternary Al-Mg-Fe alloys have also been derived.
Análise multicriterial da funcionalidade ecológica de modelos de restauração empregados em floresta estacional semidecidual
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2017-01-19)
Galetti, Gustavo
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Silva, José Mauro Santana da
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1206055452889306
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Piña-Rodrigues, Fatima Conceição Márquez
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1475369713141675
The process of restoring degraded areas can be understood as the reconstruction of ecological processes, ensuring the continuation and development of the community in space and time. Given the complexity of this process, it is essential to develop indicators that will provide monitoring of the ecological integrity of these areas, serving as a tool for assessment of contained goals in projects and providing subsidies for decision-making in the management of these areas when required.This study aimed to conceptualize and analyze through literature, the concepts related to ecological restoration, stability and reliability in ecosystems, and key monitoring measures in forest restoration, emphasizing the ecological functions present in this process.
Incipiência da visualização de indicadores bibliométricos e altmétricos nos Repositórios Institucionais brasileiros
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2017-01-21)
Reis, José Eduardo dos
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Spinola, Adriana Tahereh Pereira
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Amaral, Roniberto Morato do
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3806982041285431
Os Repositórios Institucionais apresentam significativo potencial como fontes de informação para a elaboração dos estudos métricos, visando à compreensão das dinâmicas da atividade científica institucional. Contudo, sinalizam deficiências no tocante à externalização visual de seu vasto conteúdo científico na forma de indicadores bibliométricos e altmétricos. Neste contexto, o objetivo deste artigo foi investigar a capabilidade das iniciativas nacionais em Repositórios Institucionais de Acesso Aberto na utilização de indicadores bibliométricos e altmétricos, com base nos conceitos de visualização de informação. O método de pesquisa utilizado foi o estudo de caso exploratório, e a unidade de análise compreendeu 81 Repositórios Institucionais ativos nas Instituições de Ciência e Tecnologia brasileiras, identificados no Diretório de Repositórios de Acesso Aberto – OPENDOAR. Os resultados alcançados compreenderam a identificação e a análise da presença nos Repositórios Institucionais brasileiros dos indicadores bibliométricos e altmétricos e sua visualização gráfica. Observou-se que os indicadores bibliométricos apresentaram um índice maior de ocorrência na amostra analisada do que os indicadores altmétricos e a incipiência dos Repositórios Institucionais em disponibilizar os indicadores utilizando uma representação visual. Conclui-se que a discussão dos resultados alcançados pode contribuir para a compreensão da problemática em torno da utilização dos Repositórios Institucionais, como fontes de informação, para a elaboração e visualização de indicadores bibliométricos e altmétricos sobre as dinâmicas das atividades científicas desempenhadas pelas Instituições de Ciência e Tecnologia brasileiras.
Uma sequência didática a partir da folha de papel sulfite
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2017-01-23)
Zanetti, Veridiana Carla
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Salvador, José Antonio
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2487171069472158
The aim of this paper is to develop a didactic sequence exploring practical activities that will help students in the teaching-learning process of the concepts of sequences, geometric progressions and logarithms, which are included in the school curriculum of the first year of high school. In this sequence we will propose practical activities in the teacher's lesson plan and will work on the mathematics contained in them. We will also report how the activities were applied, how the students participated, the concerns that arose and some considerations that can be made for improving the activity. Subsequently, we chose some questions that have appeared in the OBMEP and ENEM tests in previous years that involve content included in the activities and which may complement the activities.
Um analisador sintático neural multilíngue baseado em transições
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2017-01-24)
Costa, Pablo Botton da
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Kepler, Fabio Natanael
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2278269345182335
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Caseli, Helena de Medeiros
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6608582057810385
A dependency parser consists in inducing a model that is capable of extracting the right dependency tree from an input natural language sentence. Nowadays, the multilingual techniques are being used more and more in Natural Language Processing (NLP) (BROWN et al., 1995; COHEN; DAS; SMITH, 2011), especially in the dependency parsing task. Intuitively, a multilingual parser can be seen as vector of different parsers, in which each one is individually trained on one language. However, this approach can be a really pain in the neck in terms of processing time and resources. As an alternative, many parsing techniques have been developed in order to solve this problem (MCDONALD; PETROV; HALL, 2011; TACKSTROM; MCDONALD; USZKOREIT, 2012; TITOV; HENDERSON, 2007) but all of them depends on word alignment (TACKSTROM; MCDONALD; USZKOREIT, 2012) or word clustering, which increases the complexity since it is difficult to induce alignments between words and syntactic resources (TSARFATY et al., 2013; BOHNET et al., 2013a). A simple solution proposed recently (NIVRE et al., 2016a) uses an universal annotated corpus in order to reduce the complexity associated with the construction of a multilingual parser. In this context, this work presents an universal model for dependency parsing: the NNParser. Our model is a modification of Chen e Manning (2014) with a more greedy and accurate model to capture distributional representations (MIKOLOV et al., 2011). The NNparser reached 93.08% UAS in English Penn Treebank (WSJ) and better results than the state of the art Stack LSTM parser for Portuguese (87.93% × 86.2% LAS) and Spanish (86.95% × 85.7% LAS) on the universal dependencies corpus.
Significados em aulas de matemática e em outras práticas: problematizações a partir da virada linguística
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2017-01-25)
Vilela, Denise Silva
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Costa, Daniela Netto Scatolin
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8155152145332951
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5520784282540648
;
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2973-1301
Este artigo apresenta alguns resultados de uma pesquisa que teve por objetivo analisar o modo como os alunos lidam com a matemática em diferentes práticas sociais, na escola e fora dela. A reflexão será conduzida pela discussão a respeito do significado e de aprendizagem. Um modo de analisar se o significado aprendido na escola se mantém em diferentes práticas seria observando estudantes em outras práticas não escolares. Este foi o procedimento da pesquisa cujo corpus foi constituído através da observação participante com um grupo de estudantes do ensino fundamental. O referencial teórico está centrado na noção de aprendizagem situada de Jean Lave em que são considerados os aspectos sociais e o contexto em detrimento às abordagens estritamente psicológicas conhecidas no campo da Educação. Ao tema da aprendizagem situada foram agregadas discussões filosóficas relativas à concepção wittgensteiniana de significado nos usos, na prática da linguagem. A análise indicou a pertinência do referencial e que a situação influencia no modo de praticar a matemática. Neste sentido, a pesquisa não corrobora uma concepção de aprendizagem como posse, que fica associada à ideia de transferência de conhecimentos, em que o significado seria carregado de uma situação a outra. Assim, a presente abordagem favorece a compreensão da noção de aprendizagem situada de modo a problematizar aspectos da noção de aprendizagem.
Estudo da dinâmica do escoamento gás-sólido em resfriadores de catalisador de FCC usando fluidodinâmica computacional (CFD)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2017-01-26)
Monzón, Edgar Manuel Lucar
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Lopes, Gabriela Cantarelli
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5680967191791061
The fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) is an important process in oil industry, since it converts heavier fractions in lighter ones, which are more valuable. The catalyst particles (typically m) are deactivated during the reacting process and need to be regenerated before returning to the reactor. Temperature is a key factor that promotes coke formation and deactivation inside the reactor. As a consequence, it is necessary to cool down the solid catalyst particles before returning them to the reactor. The cooling system is usually outside the regenerator in a specific designed heat exchanger, that uses water as cold fluid. The catalyst cooler was not much studied before and many contributions can be made for improvements and intensification. The goal of this work was to contribute with this topic, using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) to evaluate the gas-solid flow behavior in characteristic geometries of the catalyst cooler. Commercial package Fluent by ANSYS v14.5 was used during simulation and Eulerian model was applied for the solid phase. The volume fraction phase for the solid phase, solid and gas velocities were evaluated and described. The results were compared in terms of gas-solids flow in different geometries and showed a hydrodynamic explanation different from that currently used by the authors to justify the intensification of thermal exchange in this type of equipment. In short, longer solid-wall contact time will be primarily responsible for efficient heat transfer.
Gênero e sexualidade no currículo do curso de licenciatura em educação física da UFSCar e suas implicações
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2017-01-27)
Freitas, Milena
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Souza Júnior, Osmar Moreira de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9176123942671062
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9811892012393598
Inclusion is a perspective often adopted in educational programs that suggests a differentiated attention dedicated to minorities, with the aim of guaranteeing equal rights among individuals. However, it is necessary to understand that among minorities, there are some themes that are marginalized in this inclusion, such as gender and sexuality issues. Gender is a category of social character created to oppose the biological determinism of sex and sexuality is the way people can express their sexual interest, and there may be interest in people of the same sex, opposite sex, both sexes or the absence of partners. Due to the power relations existing in society, there is a standardization of values that demarcate and hierarchize the differences between people. The Physical Education class is an important means, in the school context, in which the differences between boys and girls are evidenced in a hierarchical way. In this scenario, it is the role of the teacher to intervene so that prejudiced attitudes do not happen in class. For this, it is necessary that this educator be prepared to deconstruct the dominant discourses of gender and sexuality. Considering that graduation is an important moment for this preparation to be built, this work aims to analyze whether the present curriculum of the Physical Education Degree course at UFSCar presents indications about the treatment of gender and sexuality issues in the Pedagogical Project, to analyze how teachers trained by this curriculum identify the impact of graduation on these issues and how it affects professional performance. The present research starts from an exploratory qualitative perspective, the data set was obtained through the analysis of documents on the Pedagogical Project of the Physical Education Degree course at UFSCar, and also through semi-structured interviews with trained teachers. ) through this curriculum. From the results obtained, it was possible to visualize the different ways in which gender and sexuality issues can appear in the school environment and in Physical Education classes. As well as it was possible to understand the different strategies that teachers have to be able to intervene under this perspective, either by actions contained in planning or specific educational actions in order to face problems in situations of conflict. Through the analysis of the pedagogical project and the interviews it was possible to conclude that the treatment given by the undergraduate course is not enough for teachers to feel safe and prepared to intervene when the subject is concerned. it's gender and sexuality. In this way, there are suggestions for changes that could be considered in order that the knowledge obtained in undergraduate courses have greater proximity to the pedagogical practice exercised by teachers in a formal education environment.
Ensino de química para pessoas com deficiência visual: um estudo por meio da revisão sistemática
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2017-01-27)
Toledo, Juliana Barretto de
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Marques, Rosebelly Nunes
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7921735904003583
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3346827751812061
Education in Sciences is strongly influenced by the public policies and legislation in course. Among the challenges that the profession demands, is the paradigm of inclusive education, which is even greater when teaching Chemistry, a discipline with a strong visual appeal, for students with visual impairment. As the right to education is not only determined by the access, materialized in the student's enrollment with the school, it is imperative that this student has his permanence, participation and learning ensured throughout his academic life. Some specificities of Chemistry Teaching to visually impaired students have been listed in respect of their educational needs, in order to subsidize the teacher with the means to motivate their student in a way other than visual. The objective of this work was to collect, evaluate and disseminate several studies, with a focus on Chemical Education to students with visual impairment, through the Systematic Review of Literature. The researches were conducted at the Electronic Portals of CAPES, SciELO, BDTD, Web of Science, Scopus and Google Scholar, during the periods of October 2013, March 2014, July 2015 and September 2016. The 256,798 primary studies surveyed were refined in chronological, linguistic and place of publication parameters. After undergoing the systematic procedures, they were classified as "accepted" or "rejected". We retrieved 84 primary studies written in Portuguese and 37 written in English, with free access. The results indicate that Chemical Education is possible for these students, demonstrated by the texts of the studies collected, but that there are still gaps in research about the subject, despite the efforts made by the researchers. Examples of practical work were done, presented and discussed. In order for the teaching of chemistry to reach all students with due equity, the teacher must be prepared and advised by special educators, ensuring quality in the teaching being provided. And to this happens effectively, the government must guarantee through public policies not only the training, but the valuation of these professionals.
Alterações na composição da comunidade de aves em uma área de Mata Atlântica no sudeste do Brasil submetida à restauração ecológica
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2017-01-27)
Melo, Marcos Antônio
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Piratelli, Augusto João
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4747322084219058
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2184880129329313
The Atlantic Forest has experienced great loss of habitats and biodiversity as a consequence of human activities. Currently, most forest remnants are reduced and isolated in human-made landscapes. In this dramatic situation, ecological restoration has been a viable tool for rebuilding habitats to rescue part of their biodiversity, along with their complex ecological interactions and ecosystem services. Due to their biological characteristics, birds have been a good study model to evaluate the effectiveness of restored areas in providing suitable habitats for the fauna. Several studies have been conducted focusing this subject in North America and Europe, but there is little evidence of how restored areas affect bird communities in Latin America, mainly in Brazil. Here we characterized the avifauna in an ecological restoration area and tested how the age and structural complexity of the vegetation of these plantations influence the structuring of functional groups of birds compared to unrestored areas. For this, we collected data from avifauna for 12 months (from January to December 2015), by 39 fixed-point counts, sampled with a detection radius of 60 m. Sampled species were classified according to trophic and nesting groups, sensitivity levels and forest dependence. We recorded 208 species of birds, of which 172 were detected by point counts. Our results evidence that restored areas are capable of shifting the structure and composition of bird assemblages according to the age and vegetation structural complexity. Older restorations (6-7 years old) provided structurally more complex habitats than pastures and more recent restoration (4-5 years), thus reducing the abundance of forest-independent species, more common in early stages of succession, such as aerial insectivorous and granivores and insectivores of open habitats. This occurred due to the gradual substitution of the high percentage of grasses by the increase in the richness of arboreal morphospecies and canopy cover. Thus, our data corroborate with the theory of environmental heterogeneity; more complex environmental categories (RO and FR) provided more specific foraging and nesting sites, evidenced by the greater abundance of specialist groups, including insectivorous (trunk, canopy and foliage), nectarivores and small frugivores, as well as birds that use closed nests and rely on specific resources to build nests. In some cases, we found a trend of RO to resemble forest fragments of reference. Invariably, percentage of exotic grasses, distance of water resources, richness of arboreal species and canopy cover were important predictors for the structuring of guilds. Therefore, considering the current scenario of degradation of the Atlantic Forest, areas of ecological restoration can assist in the rescue of part of bird diversity, as well as in the restructuring of functional groups essential to the functioning of the ecosystem, even in restored areas less than 10 years old. Our results may be useful for future ecological restoration programs as a strategy to increase habitat for birds in highly fragmented areas.
Estimativa da performance térmica de Cycloneda sanguinea L. (Coleoptera: Coccinelidae) utilizando modelos lineares e não lineares
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2017-01-31)
Pachú, Jéssica Karina da Silva
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Godoy, Wesley Augusto Conde
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0147181014156799
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Rossi, Fabrício
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0621862166341833
Understanding the life cycle of insects and their relation to environmental factors such as temperature is essential for the optimization of pest control programs. However, information that considers insect survival and development rates together is incipient. The assessment of these rates concomitantly may reveal the performance in terms of viability and speed of development in a given environmental condition. The insect development rate is often estimated using degree-day-based models, however, nonlinear models have been shown to be more adequate in estimating these rates because they are more realistic and still provide maximum and optimal development temperatures. Thus, the present study estimated the maximum performance of Cycloneda sanguinea L. (Coleoptera: Coccinelidae) as a function of temperature using a linear model, and described the relationship between predator developmental rates and temperature using nonlinear models. The maximum performance was estimated by derivative of the logistic equation. The best models for describing larval phase development rates at different temperatures are the Analytis and Brière models, while Sharpe & DeMichele and Brière are more suitable for the pupa stage of C. sanguinea. For males the estimated temperature that caused the maximum performance was 31°C for the 1st and 2nd instar, for the third and fourth instars the predicted temperature is 28.9 and 27.3oC, respectively. Regarding the females, the temperature that favored the maximum rate of development and survival was 31°C for the first three instars and 27°C to 4th instar. It was evidenced that besides the effect of temperature dependence the performance of the individuals varies according to stage of development and sex of the individuals. With this information it will be possible to better base the multiplication and release programs of C. sanguinea, accurately controlling the speed of development in the laboratory or even scheduling the most favorable times for its release.
Processo de certificação aeronáutica civil brasileira : estudo dos impactos na competitividade da indústria nacional
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2017-01-31)
Camargo, Gerson Marcelo
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Hoffmann, Wanda Aparecida Machado
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7609135667093837
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1694574540916027
Commercial aircrafts are understood as the safest transportation when data such as operation hours by accident or incident are analyzed. According to studies conducted by the US National Security Council (NSC), the odds of a fatal crash is about one in eleven millions – which is smaller than elevators’ fatal failures, since commercial aircrafts operate for longer distances and time. Nevertheless, in order to aircraft products reach the highest reliability levels before start flying, it is necessary they to be extensively tested, ensuring that projects, materials and production methods comply to international safety requirements. This assessment process is called Aircraft Certification and is recognized as the most complex, time and money consuming of aircraft production, particularly for the civil aviation aircrafts. In Brazil, this activity is under the accountability of a Federal Agency, which regulates an important sector of the national economy. Therefore, the main objective of the present study was to analyze the Brazilian Aircraft Certification Process and assess its possible impacts in the competitiveness of national aerospace industry. Research information is based on a wide bibliographical review, regarding certifying process and national aerospace industry, followed by a field research, conducted through semi-structured interviews focused on understanding the perceptions of big companies, small and medium enterprises (SME) and Aircraft Certification Authority on this subject. Analysis of collected data indicate the Certifying Process is not capable by itself to influence the industrial development, but the structures of the organizations evolved on the Certification Process and the lack of interest and public policies may limit the competitiveness of the national aerospace industry. Opportunities which can contribute to the organizations and to the studied processes were identified, but current circumstances lead to the conclusion that in short and medium time it is going to be very difficult to a big Brazilian aerospace company to succeed in reaching the levels of the two major global aircraft builders, as well as for the small and medium enterprises in building bigger aircrafts, following the steps of the big companies.
Implementação de uma API para emular o kernel de tempo real RTXC no Linux/GNU visando aplicações multicore
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2017-02-01)
Consiglieri, Daniel Sant´Anna
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Moron, Célio Estevan
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8635476812779360
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Fernandes, Marcio Merino
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7278634019537967
The advent of multicore processors represented a major advance in the performance of parallel computing. Embedded systems following this trend have improved the computing power available for real-time systems, enabling the GNU/Linux development chain. Consolidated to more than twenty years in the Linux environment. In order to emulate the RTXC kernel, an API-RTXC-Linux was written in C and obtained deterministic results as well as homogeneous distribution for the response time of implemented calls, being possible its use for real-time applications.
O ENEM como via de acesso do surdo ao ensino superior brasileiro
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2017-02-01)
Briega, Diléia Aparecida Martins
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Lacerda, Cristina Broglia Feitosa de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9468232016416725
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4802875511597756
The study performed in this dissertation is focused on the access to Brazilian Higher Education by deaf people through Enem [Brazilian High School National Examination]. It analyzes accessibility as a principle, such as mentioned by Davidov (1987), who provides full mediation of knowledge and the successive and conscious character of school education. Such accessibility concept exceeds the provisions of Brazilian legislation and rise debates on Enem’s offer to deaf people who are fluent in Brazilian Sign Language (Libras – BSL). Enem construct was created based on strictly set criteria and procedures, and test developers are not aware on the linguistic singularity of deaf people. Brazilian Sign Language has been considered only in the operation of SL interpreters (SLI), who require in the exam a greater attention on its practice. Society is “deaf” before SLI, with different processes of Sign Language appropriation and rare appropriation of written Brazilian Portuguese as a second language. In this view, Enem, as a construct developed to check psychological agencies and measure the concepts learned by High School graduate students, is taken by deaf people in limiting conditions. For obtaining this research data, one used the mixed method to analyze documentary sources and extracted microdata including quantitative data of who took Enem in 2010 and 2011. The information sources were documents publicly available on the website of Instituto Nacional de Estudos e Pesquisas Educacionais [Brazilian Institute of Studies and Educational Researches] (INEP), such as Enem pedagogical reports, technical summary from Higher Education Census, and handbooks for training developers about the items of the exam. Choosing the two-year period 2010-2011 derived from the difficulty to access the data regarding the target-public of specialized services in Enem, which is included in 2009-2010 reports but in a similar manner, considering the rearrangement of the reference matrixes only for 2010 and 2011. By using statistical analysis software, one found data on the resources request and assistances in Sign Language and on the mark achieved by deaf people in the four fields of Enem. It was made a descriptive analysis of the requests, which pointed out to the registration increase of deaf people along with the improvement of the available resources, with possibility of requesting extra time, SLI, accessible classroom, among other options that overcome architectural and communication barriers. As the statistical analysis proposed by IRT [Item Response Theory], one should review the difficulty level of the items of the exam, as this level is measured without considering the needs of those who have Brazilian Portuguese as a second language. It is required to further analyze the main subject, considering the issues highlighted and the concerns related to SLI’s work in tests and exams, mainly regarding the understanding of Brazilian Portuguese texts or the translation of questions, as there is a gap in the current legislation enabling the creation of a Banco Nacional de Itens (BNI) [National Bank of Items] in Sign Language. Therefore, this work meets the investigation concerns about deaf people’s education field, from the view of the constructs used by Brazilian and foreign government bodies little explored in previous researches. Due to represent this innovation, it brings implications through researches that may be developed in the future. It is also worth highlighting that the low index of admissions to undergraduate courses by means of Enem requires a long-term follow-up for building a changing analysis of this educational rise process experienced by the deaf person.
Sustentabilidade energética do etanol de primeira geração no Brasil : uma releitura crítica de referenciais metodológicos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2017-02-01)
Lee, Lisiong Shu
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Ribeiro, Marcelo Perencin de Arruda
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0381402687491195
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Cruz, Antonio José Gonçalves da
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1812806190521028
In the long run, all fossil energy, such as oil, natural gas, coal, and radioactive material, will run out. Within a horizon of one or two centuries, all energy must come from renewable sources. The concept of sustainable energy, without fossil energy, relies on the tripod speed of energy formation, environmental impacts corrected in the production period, and maintenance of physical and social well-being for millennia. The only renewable energy source that meets all requirements is the energy from the sun. Even the hydraulic energy, used since the time of the ancient Greeks, is an indirect solar energy, and is a mature technology. Nascent technologies allow capture solar energy in the following ways: as biomass, as electricity using photovoltaic and wind technologies, and as heat by concentrating solar energy. The four alternatives provide convenient secondary energy: liquid fuels and electricity. In Brazil, sugarcane, a C4 photosynthesis plant, presents high productivity in terms of tons per hectare per year, and high sugar content per ton of sugarcane. In the ethanol production process, bagasse generated as a by-product is used to obtain energy (thermal and electric) for self consumption. Ethanol is produced by the fermentation of the sugarcane juice, which contains mainly sucrose. To what extent is ethanol sustainable according to the tripod mentioned above? There are many studies on the sustainability of sugarcane ethanol, with indicators such as the relation between fossil energy used and useful energy, CO2eq emissions, and environmental impacts of residues such as vinasse and filter cake. These studies implicitly assume that there is abundant fossil energy. They report an EROI (Energy Return Over Invested) between 8 and 11. Few authors report an EROI in the range of 3 to 5. This dissertation includes co-product credits as surplus electricity, and assumes the use of the best industrial technology. Special care was devoted to verifying values and consistency of the primary data, with record of maximum value, minimum value, and value adopted with justification. Each secondary value has been documented with calculation methodology, allowing reproducibility of the results by any researcher. The result was an EROI of 1.67. It is also noted that Brazil would not have enough land or agricultural inputs to produce all the energy consumed during year 2015. Ethanol production, while contributing significantly to the absorption of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, will need to be complemented by other sustainable energy production technologies that use less physical resources.
Incipiência da disponibilidade de indicadores bibliométricos e altmétricos nos repositórios institucionais brasileiros
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2017-02-02)
Reis, José Eduardo dos
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Amaral, Roniberto Morato do
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6958372164719600
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3806982041285431
The Institutional Repositories (IRs) have significant potential as sources of information for the preparation of metrics studies aimed at understanding the dynamics of institutional scientific activity. However, IRs have deficiencies with regard to visual externalization of their vast scientific content in the form of bibliometric and altmetric indicators. In this context, the aim of this paper was to investigate the capability of national initiatives in Open-Access IRs in the use of bibliometric and altmetric indicators based on information visualization concepts. The research method used was the exploratory case study and the analysis unit comprises 81 IRs, active in Brazilian Science and Technology (S&T) Institutions, identified in the Directory of Open Access Repositories (OpenDOAR). Quantitatively, the existence of bibliometric and altmetric indicators in the Brazilian articles was verified in the literature, as well as the existence of plug-ins for IRs that use the DSpace system and, in a qualitative way, the analysis involved national articles with the objective of verifying which bibliometric and altmetric indicators are being used by national researchers, thus guiding the indicators that were used for the analysis with Brazilian IRs. The results obtained included the identification and analysis of the presence in Brazilian RIs of bibliometric and altmetric indicators and their graphic visualization, existing plug-ins for RIs using DSpace technology and the development of a new solution. It was observed that the bibliometric indicators showed a higher rate of occurrence in the analyzed sample than altmetric indicators and paucity of IRs in providing the indicators using a visual representation. It is concluded that the discussion of the results can contribute to the understanding of the issues surrounding the use of IRs, as sources of information for the preparation and visualization of bibliometric and altmetric indicators on the dynamics of scientific activities performed by Brazilian S&T Institutions.
Formação de pedagogos para a atuação com pessoas dotadas e talentosas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2017-02-02)
Souza, Amanda Rodrigues de
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Rangni, Rosemeire de Araújo
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6399149504309769
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8358553161048690
Inclusion policies and practices require new approaches and extensive teacher motivation, which determine to a large extent the success of the whole process. With the advent of special education targeting students in school, a dilemma was created in the type of initial training offered to these teachers, since most of them would not be prepared to attend these students, rather in specialized institutions or their Homes. In this sense, there is concern about formation for the subject of giftedness and talent, given that students with high capacity are targeted by Special Education and backed by legal provisions, which guarantee due educational attention to the full Development of their potentials and talents in an inclusive perspective. The main objective of this research was to verify and analyze the existence of the knowledge of undergraduates of Pedagogy in relation to the subject of giftedness and talent; And as secondary objective: to consult the disciplines of the curricular matrices of the courses of Pedagogy researched and the plans of education, aiming to perceive what there is in relation to the subject of Special Education and giftedness and Talent. Therefore, this study was presented as an exploratory, descriptive and documental character. The research was carried out in three Institutes of High Education (IES) that had undergraduate courses in Pedagogy, a federal university, a state university of São Paulo and a private college. A total of 118 undergraduate students from the undergraduate degree course in Pedagogy of the three IES participated in the study, and a questionnaire was used with open and closed questions with the objective of knowing the profile of these undergraduates, conceptions and if they felt prepared to deal with gifted and talented students. In order to analyze the obtained results, triangulation of the documentary data collected from each IES and the answers of the questionnaires completed by the participating undergraduates were done. The results obtained demonstrated that in general, the three IES had similar characteristics, and it was found that the courses studied sought to meet the one proposed by Resolution CNE 1/2006 and offered at least one compulsory subject focused on Special Education. The same happened with the giftedness and talent, in which the IES researched, tried to demonstrate, even superficially, the giftedness and talent to their undergraduates. On the other hand, the knowledge of the students in relation to the giftedness and talent showed that most of them did not feel prepared to work with students with high potential and that their courses of Pedagogy did not emphasize the theme.
Análise das respostas ventilatórias, metabólicas e do controle autonômico cardiovascular durante testes de resistência muscular inspiratória e de determinação da pressão inspiratória crítica
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2017-02-03)
Minatel, Vinicius
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Catai, Aparecida Maria
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5801652590531684
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2451652025356071
Respiratory muscle weakness has a strong relationship with autonomic cardiovascular control dysfunction and exercise limitation. For this reason, inspiratory muscle training programs (IMT) have been applied to improve respiratory muscle strength/endurance, exercise performance and autonomic cardiovascular control. However, the optimal IMT intensity to induce a better systemic response has not been defined yet. Therefore, we developed our First Study, that aimed to identify the inspiratory critical pressure (PThC) using the critical power model in healthy men, evaluate the ventilatory and metabolic responses at the PThC and identify the predictors variables of PThC and propose an equation to obtain it. The participants of the study (n=79) underwent the PThC protocol, which consisted of a progressive inspiratory threshold-loading test to set the sustained maximal inspiratory load (PThMAX). In a subsequent visit was carried out a constant load inspiratory exercise protocol (95%, 100% and 105%PThMAX). Both tests were performed until task failure using a linear inspiratory load resistor connected in series to a gas exchange analysis system. The inspiratory endurance time for each load was used to calculate the PThC, and the resulting value was tested using a constant load protocol performed in a different day from previous tests. Results showed that PThC was influenced by age and weight (R=0.66, R2=0.43, p<0.001) and corresponded to 90.9±4.9%PTHMAX. Moreover, PThMAX (R=0.96; R2=0.92, p<0.001) was the main determinant in the proposed equation. Additionally, we observed an inadequate ventilatory response, reduced inspiratory muscle efficiency and increased perceived effort at the end of inspiratory endurance exercise at PThC. Furthermore, the equation developed in the present study will allow to determine the PThC in a single visit, which is fundamental for the implementation of an IMT program using this load in future studies. As for the autonomic cardiovascular control, there is no consensus on the effects of IMT on the autonomic nervous system (ANS) responses. This is due to the fact that no studies were performed to evaluate the cardiovascular responses during high-intensity inspiratory endurance exercise, nor to evaluate autonomic cardiac control through non-linear methods. Therefore, our Second Study aim was to evaluate the effect of high-intensity inspiratory endurance exercise on heart rate variability (HRV) using linear and non-linear approaches. The healthy young participants of this study (n=20) performed different high-intensity inspiratory endurance exercises (80%, 95%, 100%PThMAX and PThc), which consisted in constant load tests until task failure. Moreover, the heart rate dynamics baseline (WITHOUT mouthpiece, WITH mouthpiece and SHAM) was collected in sitting position. The results of this study showed that symbolic analysis identified a more pronounced increase in sympathetic modulation (0V%) when severe exercise intensity loads were applied (95% and 100%PThMAX) (p<0.001). Increased sympathetic modulation was associated with an increase in metabolic demand (VO2) and changes in the respiratory pattern (Ti/Ttot) (p<0.001). As observed, breathing pattern has a great impact on the dynamics of autonomic cardiac control; however, the use of an inspiratory resistance load may potentiate changes in cardiovascular dynamics. Thus, the aim of our Third Study was to characterize the baroreflex sensitivity (BRS) behavior during high-intensity inspiratory endurance exercise using the sequence method (αSEQ), transfer function spectral analysis (αFT(BF)) and the closed loop model (αCL). The participants and the experimental protocol were the same reported in the Second Study. Results 3 showed that there is a decrease in BRS during high-intensity inspiratory endurance exercise when compared to rest conditions (p<0.001), and that all the methods applied in this study were efficient for BRS characterization. However, αFT(BF) was the most effective index to quantify the effects of inspiratory load on the autonomic cardiovascular control evaluated by BRS. Conclusions: the results of the present thesis showed that the concept of critical power can be applied to the inspiratory muscles to determine the PThC, which marks the transition between intense and severe inspiratory exercise. In addition, acute ventilatory, metabolic and autonomic cardiovascular control responses (HRV and BRS) observed during acute high-intensity inspiratory endurance exercise allow us to extend the PThC use to assess inspiratory muscle performance and to prescribe a high-intensity IMT program until PThC in populations like that studied in this thesis.
Proposta de um modelo para a gestão da qualidade na cadeia da produção da cana-de-açúcar no estado de São Paulo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2017-02-03)
Palota, Paulo Henrique
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Martins, Manoel Fernando
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3921504261628850
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9058966903654835
The sugarcane generates income for the country through the exportation of sugar, ethanol and more recently through energy cogeneration. The globalization and the fact that the prices of the main sugarcane products are linked to commodities exchange and futures, the sugarcane agricultural industry needs to be competitive in each of the chain agents that comprise it. In this context, the quality of sugarcane is of great importance for the sugarcane chain to be competitive. Total Recoverable Sugar (TRS), which is the main quality requirement of sugarcane as it represents the amount of sugar present in sugarcane, fell by around 10% between the years 2009 and 2015. Other quality requirements for sugarcane as mineral and vegetable impurities increased 18.8% and 42.86% between 2008 and 2013, respectively. These factors justify a model for Quality Management of sugarcane. The main objective of this work is to propose a model for the management of quality in the sugarcane production chain that adds value to it. This model is based on the concepts of integration and Supply Chain Quality Management theory in Chain Supply and Supply Chain Quality Coordination in Agro-Food Production. An empirical investigation of multiple cases is carried out in the main agents of the sugarcane production chain in order to identify the deficiencies and the virtues in light of these theories so that they can provide subsidies for the proposal of the model. The results of this research show that, in most cases, there is no integration between the segments of the chain links of sugarcane both upstream and downstream. The model is evaluated by industry experts. This evaluation demonstrated that the model is capable and sufficient in terms of information to meet the needs of its application, has terms of easy understanding to users and is flexible the characteristics of users. In addition to contain elements necessary for quality coordination, contributing to the improvement and preservation of the quality in the product and to reduce costs and losses in the stages of this production chain.