Browsing by Issue Date, starting with "2017-03-09"

Filter results by year or month

Now showing 1 - 20 of 14280

Dinâmica espaço – temporal do bacterioplâncton em um sistema de várzea Amazônico
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2017-03-09)
Reis, Mariana Câmara dos
;
Bagatini, Inessa Lacativa
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3904631503604006
;
Sarmento, Hugo
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/4515469289999439
Amazonian floodplains are complex networks that play relevant roles in global biogeochemical cycles, and the bacterioplankton degradation of organic matter is key in regional carbon budget in these systems. The Amazon undergoes seasonal variations in water level, which produces changes in landscape and in sources of organic inputs into floodplain systems. Although these changes should affect bacterioplankton, no studies have addressed the question of which factors drive spatial and temporal patterns of bacterioplankton in these systems. We used high-throughput (Illumina MiSeq) sequencing of the V3-V4 region of the 16SrRNA gene to investigate the spatiotemporal patterns of bacterioplankton community at different diversity layers and size fractions, and their correlation with environmental variables in an Amazon floodplain lake. Overall, four phyla dominated the community throughout the study: Actinobacteria, Cyanobacteria, Proteobacteria and Planctomycetes, but their abundance were different between size fractions, hydrologic periods and influence area. The rare biosphere had an important contribution for the composition patterns of all community and showed be more influenced by the spatial complexity. We found that the floodpulse was the mainly drive force of community composition patterns for the free-living fraction, and the distance from the Amazon river was the main driver for the particle-attached fraction. We also found differences between the combination of local and regional factors across space and time shaping the community. This is the first detailed characterization of the bacterioplankton community composition in an Amazon floodplain lake and we demonstrated that the spatial and temporal complexity of this system were reflected in bacterioplankton community composition.
Refratários avançados sinterizados com líquidos transientes
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2017-03-09)
Giovannelli Maizo, Iris Dayana
;
Luz, Ana Paula da
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3470395641242374
;
Pandolfelli, Victor Carlos
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7369376873984839
Sintering additives (AS) have great potential to be applied in refractory castables as they reduce the densification temperature of these products. Additionally, these components may induce the generation of a transient liquid phase in the microstructure at high temperatures, which can react with the other materials of the composition to give rise novel solid refractory phases. Considering these aspects, the present work evaluated the role of five different AS (boron oxide, boric acid, sodium borosilicate, magnesium borate and boron carbide) when added to alumina-based castable compositions containing hydratable alumina as binder. Based on the thermomechanical characterization, XRD analysis and the in situ elastic modulus measurement, boron carbide (B4C) have been selected as a promising AS because this material sped up the sintering process at lower temperatures and induced the aluminum borates formation due to the reaction between the liquid phase and the fine alumina contained in the castable matrix. Afterwards, the effects of B4C was evaluated in ultra-low calcium oxide castables bonded with: colloidal alumina (AC), hydratable alumina (AB) and/ or SioxX®-Zero (SZ). SZ-bonded materials (4 wt.%) had good performance at temperatures around 1100°C due to the mullite generation. On the another hand, castables containing AC as binder (4 wt.% of solids) and 0.5 wt.% of B4C are promising options to be used in working conditions between 600-815°C, whereas the same mixture without B4C could only be densified above 1100°C. Similar effect was observed when 1.0 wt.% B4C was added to SZ-containing castables as the aluminum borates generation allows these compositions to be used in working conditions around 815°C. Therefore, an appropriate AS selection for high-alumina castables with ultra-low CAC content has the potential to favour the earlier sintering of the refractory and improve its thermomechanical properties, which can fulfill the requirements of the petrochemical industry.
Representações da modernidade fluminense em textos literários de Machado de Assis e Lima Barreto
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2017-03-09)
Rodrigues, Davidson de Oliveira
;
Pellegrini, Tânia
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0280434883580627
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/9322426649460609
The present work analyzes the representations of the city Rio de Janeiro in literary texts of Machado de Assis and Lima Barreto. This study determines the type of evaluation that these writers made of the modern aspects of the capital of Rio de Janeiro. The chronological framework is between the last two decades of the nineteenth century and the first years of the twentieth century. The initial assumption of the research considered these writers as skilled observers of the social environment in which they lived. Another presupposition is that the nineteenth-century literature constitutes an important collection of visions about the urban (both in Europe and in Brazil). Thus, Machado de Assis and Lima Barreto are analysts of urban life in Rio. The basic unit of research analysis is the category of representation. Its application is through the methodology of selection of texts from the set of complete works for further analysis. The detailed reading of fragments is done in order to identify images and allusions concerning the urban universe. The analysis carried out demonstrates the existence of representations of sociability and urban sensibility in the literature of the mentioned writers. The novels “Esau e Jacó” and “Triste fim de Policarpo Quaresma” bear a set of representations about Rio de Janeiro that describe the way of life of a capital during the period that was designated to call like “Belle Époque”. The city is represented as the political and cultural center of the country. This work disputes the notion that the mentions to Rio de Janeiro in the literature of Machado are mere scenographies. The detailed study of the tales “Uns braços”, “Missa do galo”, “A cartomante”, “A causa secreta” reveals the kind of understanding that Machado de Assis developed on indeterminacy in everyday life: Rio is presented as a complex city In which the characters often encounter several lines resulting from the flow of everyday events. In Barreto's literature, the appearance / essence tension and social exclusion explain the representations of the city as a permanent estrangement from European to African culture. The study of the tales “Um e outro”, “O homem que sabia javanês”, “Cló”, “O filho de Gabriela” reveals the kind of understanding that Lima Barreto developed about the insulation of modern life: Rio is presented as a city empty of a common cultural heritage. The general considerations of this work establish that the literary images of the city of Rio de Janeiro make up a system of representations whose effect is to bring Rio de Janeiro's capital closer to European cities. Westernizing, modernizing, and liberal traits were emphasized to cover up the archaic, rural, and colonial dimensions of the country. In this way, the valorization of “europeidade” allowed the intellectual and dominant groups to identify with the European way of life. Machado de Assis and Lima Barreto, however, deconstructed these imagery through ironic and critical expressions, exposing the contradictions of urban life in Rio. Thus, the representations of Rio de Janeiro in the literature of both tended to show indetermination and estrangement as typical features of modern life in Rio.
Estudo dos efeitos do biodiesel e suas misturas com óleo diesel em materiais metálicos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2017-03-09)
Kugelmeier, Cristie Luis
;
Monteiro, Marcos Roberto
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3342080276878958
;
Sordi, Vitor Luiz
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8364164402481940
The use of biodiesel in vehicles can significantly reduce dependence on fossil fuels and help to reduce environmental pollution. However, there are concerns about the compatibility of automotive materials in contact with biodiesel. Alloys of ferrous and non-ferrous metals that come in contact with the fuel may exhibit corrosive behavior because biodiesel, which has different chemical characteristics compared to diesel, may interact with materials in a different way. The objective of the study was to compare the corrosion behavior of SAE 8620 carbon steel; 13 Cr supermartensitic stainless steel; AA6061-T4 aluminum alloy with and without Equal-Channel Angular Pressing; copper and lead in three diesel/biodiesel binary blends (B7, B15 and B30). Mass loss tests were performed by total immersion, crevice corrosion, partial immersion and in contact with the vapor phase of each binary blends for 2160 h at 50 °C. The materials were evaluated through structural characterization, optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray dispersive energy (EDX), determination of metallic elements in the blends and corrosivity of the copper. The physicochemical characteristics of the mixtures were determined by oxidative stability analyzes at 110 °C, specific mass at 20 °C, kinematic viscosity at 40 °C, hydrogen and carbon nuclear magnetic resonance (1H and 13C) and ASTM color analysis. The results showed that copper and lead are materials not recommended for use in contact with biodiesel. SAE 8620 carbon steel, 13 Cr supermartensitic stainless steel and AA 6061-T4 aluminum alloy are more resistant materials in contact with biodiesel and their blends with diesel oil, which can be used, for example, as materials in the construction of transport and storage tanks.
Os diretores de YPF e as mudanças no controle da empresa, 1976-2016
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2017-03-09)
Vidal, Nicolás Alfredo
;
Donadone, Julio César
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7643906508178259
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0263871627893408
Yacimientos Petrolíferos Fiscales (YPF) is the largest oil company in Argentina, founded in 1922 by the former President Hipólito Yrigoyen, and since then is a reference within and outside the country for being the first State oil company in the world to be vertically integrated. Also, it is currently the second largest company in the country, according to its revenue, only behind the Techint organization. In the last forty years changes in law have allowed modifications in the ownership model of this Argentine company. In 1993, YPF shift from being completely state-owned company to a public company with state control. Soon after, it was bought by the Spaniard Repsol and, in 2012, during the government of Cristina Fernández de Kirchner, was partially renationalized and it operates as a mixed company since then. Based on Economic Sociology literature, we analyze the changes in the corporate control of the company, observing the trajectory of its directors in several years, including the recent shifts conducted by Mauricio Macri's government. We specifically analyze and compare the trajectories of the directors of YPF in the years 1977, 1985, 1994, 2005, 2014 and 2016 to understand if there were changes in their trajectories that are explained and, at the same time, explain the displacements in corporate control of the company in the last 40 years. The years chosen for analysis are relevant not only for the transformations occurring within the company, but also due to the transformations occurred in the economic and political instances of the country. We base our trajectory analysis on the life histories approach (Mallimacci, 2007) and also incorporate socioeconomic variables, such as academic education (graduation and post-graduation courses and type of University), career trajectory, age and sex. We also applied the prosopographic analysis of the data gathered in the YPF 20-f form, which is the annual company reports to the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), in the balance sheets to the CNV (Comisión Nacional de Valores) and in specialized newspapers and magazines. Still, we will seek to use specific case studies to formalize more general ideas about the organization of YPF, both in the control of the internal environment of the company as the external one, addressing it as a field or a social space, always observing the periodic transformations as metaphors for possible changes inscribed within capitalism itself, which sometimes organizes as a more productive and, sometimes, as a more financialized system.
Imersões de variedades de Dold e de Wall em espaços euclidianos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2017-03-10)
Moraes, Renato Monteiro de
;
Pergher, Pedro Luiz Queiroz
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3328545959112090
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/6491436523621062
Sequência didática: uma alternativa para o ensino de acústica para o ensino médio
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2017-03-10)
Mazeti, Lucas Jesus Bettiol
;
Brandl, Ana Lúcia
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3308757619164141
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/6208800173888434
The present work consists of a teaching learning sequence in the theme of Acoustics, built under the theory of significant learning of David Ausubel, to assist teachers in the teaching of Physics on this topic. The proposal was implemented in a high school class of Colégio Integrado Monteiro Lobato school in the city of Itu, in the interior of São Paulo. The analysis of the data was qualitative and tried to identify if there was significant learning on the part of the students about the content of the Acoustics, so that a significantly appropriation of the concepts of acoustics was observed at the end of the work. It is believed that this material is very flexible, facilitating the application of the classroom and adapting to the reality of the teacher, since it is assembled in modules, propitiating the use in a wide variety of environments.
A construção social do meia sola : trabalho, pobreza e o Programa Bolsa Família na zona da mata canavieira de Alagoas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2017-03-10)
Santos, Charles dos
;
Scopinho, Rosemeire Aparecida
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/4770451465556845
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/4736477447714245
The research in question was conducted in the Zona da Mata Canavieira of Alagoas, Brazil, a region that is characterized by the expressive presence of sugarcane agribusiness and poverty, which is manifested in critical indicators of human and social development. The study is an analysis of the living conditions of sugarcane workers in two cities located in this territory – Branquinha and União dos Palmares – as well as of the means accessed by these men and women and their relatives to ensure family survival. The study, which is eminently qualitative, was carried out based on the bibliographical research and the accomplishment of open and semi-structured interviews with men and women of the cities mentioned above that were at the intersection of the experience as workers in sugarcane sector and the experience as beneficiaries of Bolsa Família Program. The theoretical approach that guided the research is that which deals with the precariat, this fraction of class that according to the Brazilian sociologist Ruy Braga lives squeezed between the threat of socioeconomic exclusion and the increase of the exploitation of its workforce by economic sectors; and is also, according to the British economist Guy Standing, the social segment that most suffers from the insecurity about the rights. The study showed that sugarcane workers in Branquinha and União dos Palmares oscillated between formal work and informal work, but both of which were carried out in precarious conditions. The first is related to those activities that despite be registered are extremely painful and hurtful to the physical and mental health of the worker. Some examples are sugarcane cutting, herbicide application in cane fields, and cane scrolling on slopes. The second refers to the activities done without any social protection and which are equally heavy and painful. The exploration of sand in rivers and the work in quarries are some cases. It was also seen that even the workers who were beneficiaries of a monetary transfer program such as Bolsa Família continued to accomplish precarious works and were paid well below their basic consumption needs. This leads one to believe that the program puts away the workers from the risks of complete socioeconomic exclusion, but does not give them the conditions to get rid of the need to accomplish dirty, heavy, seasonal and poorly paid jobs, such as those in the cane field. The meia sola of the title, therefore, refers to these workers, since in the region where the empirical immersion has taken place the expression has to do with precariousness, indefinition and incompleteness. The meia sola is the precarious worker of the socio-geographic space known as the Zona da Mata Canavieira of Alagoas, that is a region with huge sugar cane fields and big sugar cane mills.
A questão agrária na agenda governamental de FHC e Lula : uma análise à luz dos estudos de formação de agenda
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2017-03-10)
Carvalho, Flávia Sanches de
;
Capella, Ana Cláudia Niedhardt
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/5810332148425938
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/4796211572842235
This research has as general objective to analyze the trajectory and the movement of the agrarian question in the governmental agenda, from 1995 to 2006, based on the application of instruments that show the change in the priorities of this policy, specifically observing the Presidential Discourses, Decrees, Provisional Measures and Messages forwarded by the President of the Republic to the National Congress, based on a multidisciplinary view of public policies, notably the formation studies in the agenda-setting. The analysis used here, therefore, focuses on the process of changes in public policies focused on the governments FHC I and II and Lula I. So, that the objectives are achieved, this dissertation is based on the model of punctuated equilibrium (Punctuated Equilibrium Framework) Baumgartner and Jones (1993) which seeks, through temporal mapping of care indicators, analyze the rise and the changes of an issue on the government agenda over time. From the above model, will seek to clarify, explain and discuss the movement of land reform policies over twelve years of administrations. Thus, is expected to contribute to the studies in the field of public policies on the agenda of training in Brazil.
Trabalho agrícola na colheita do dendê : a contribuição da ergonomia na avaliação das condições de trabalho em uma empresa de médio porte no nordeste do estado do Pará
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2017-03-10)
Robert, Leila de Fátima Oliveira de Jesus
;
Camarotto, João Alberto
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1427853773681255
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1415151275600763
The main aim of this research is to understand how the operators deal with the variability of agricultural work in palm oil harvesting, the inherent strategies to the conditions of production and how they organize in the face of the specificities of this work, in a medium sized company in the State of Pará. To this, an adaptation had to be made in the method of ergonomic analysis of the work. The analysis contemplated the set of activities that integrate the harvest: cleaning, pruning, transportation and collection of loose fruit. Both in the look of the system as a whole and in the analysis of one by one. It was found that the distribution of the tasks is done in a fragmented way, in which each operator that was assigned to that task performs only that task. However, changes in management models are insufficient to indicate that agricultural work is influenced by Taylor/Ford models. The agricultural work of palm harvest involves a relationship in which, in part, the operator manages his own activity. So, the research suggests a management model based on the organizational specificities analyzed. It was observed the presence of little integration in the execution of the activities, of little community, although there is a good relationship between the operators. This fact is due to the tasks being organized by teams, within the parcels, under the command of a person in charge, it was verified a distribution in pairs or individual operator by planting lines, which results in monotony, reinforced by the fact of the team to work with plant of specific height. It was found that the agricultural work of the palm harvest tends to have much variability, for example, those classified as normal and predictable, such as encountering venomous animals and/or leaf thorn. We highlight problems with the use and handling of tools, which contribute to increase the efforts at work - the "handle" and the weight - require significant strategies associated with their adaptation, such as: tying alloys and filling with sand in the inner part of the aluminum cable. All these factors point to the understanding that the research extended the understanding of the "palm harvest" work and that, from this knowledge, the proposed actions generate other scientific research with intervention in the field that can bring improvements in the working conditions of these operators.
Análise dos critérios para implantação de centros de distribuição urbana em cidades históricas brasileiras: o caso de Outro Preto
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2017-03-10)
Carvalho, Nayara Louise Alves de
;
Vieira, José Geraldo Vidal
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/2068340476477363
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1527754043308188
The streets historic cities are designed to support only the traffic of animal-dragged vehicles and few pedestrians. However, the heavy flow of vehicles in these cities leads to negative impacts for city logistics and for the preservation of its built heritage. These impacts are more perceived in the historical center, which is the oldest place in the cities, usually characterized by narrow streets, winding trails and, in some cases, sloping terrain, in addition to being the place where there is a predominance of commercial and administrative activities. A possible solution to minimize these impacts, particularly those related to freight transport, is the implementation of an Urban Distribution Center (UDC). However, prior to the effective implementation of a UCD, it is necessary to do a study about the conditions that may favor its use and to understand the views of stakeholders involved directly or indirectly in this process. The main objective of the study is to analyse the relevant criteria to be considered in the implementation of a CDU to supply the Brazilian historical cities, taking the example of the historic center of Ouro Preto, which is considered a reference to the other historical cities. For this, based on the perception of sustainability (economic, social and environmental), technical and historical criteria reported in the literature, is done a survey with retailers, carriers, residents, and municipal guards of Ouro Preto. Five semi-structured interviews are also carried out: three with public authorities related to freight traffic in the city, one with a manager of the commercial association and another with the head of the office of Iphan, a Federal autarchy that aims to ensure the preservation of the historical heritage of Ouro Preto. To find the relevant criteria, a descriptive analysis and a factor analysis is applied. Moreover, the qualitative analysis of interviews, and the literature review will be used to correlate the results. It is concluded that residents and municipal guards have similar point of views while retailers and carriers diverge opinions among themselves and among the other agents. The carriers have also shown against the existence of the negative impacts of transport. The variables that presented at least 75% of agreement among all the agents were: increase of the level of service; local prosperity; total investments and costs; use of technologies and vehicle size. The factors found for retailers and residents showed little correlation, reinforcing the different points of view of these agents. However, it should be noted that the most striking factor for both agents was related to the concern for the preservation of historical patrimony, by representing 14.31% of the variance in the set of all variables of the retailers and 21.12% of the common variables of the retailers; in the case of residents, this factor explained 23,38% of the all variance.
Caracterização do efeito da rugosidade em filmes finos de TiNb sobre o aço 316L para aplicação na biomedicina
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2017-03-10)
Sato, Patrícia Suemi
;
Nascente, Pedro Augusto de Paula
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1387043320265189
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3981512066887381
With the increase in life expectancy, there has been a raise in the use of prostheses due to the need to replace parts of the human body. To avoid tissue rejection, metal alloys from implants should be biocompatible. The Ti-6Al-4V alloy is widely used in prostheses, however, aluminum presents tissue irritation and inflammation issues and vanadium oxide is unstable, with a high probability of being cytotoxic. Thus, the search for new alternatives has reached the Ti-β alloys, whose properties are more similar to those of the human bone and its structure can present stable or metastable phases according to the quantity of the alloying elements. Unfortunately, Ti prosthesis have a high price compared to the 316L and 316L stainless steel ones, as the later do not have the biocompatibility characteristics of Ti. It seems an interesting research topic about how to use a Ti alloy coating in stainless steel for biomedical application. To be able to deposit the metal alloy, magnetron sputtering is a good choice, since this technique is largely used to obtain thin films due to the quality of the formed films, their high deposition rate, low pressure work and less intense electron bombardment of the substrate. Consequently, it has been used in the manufacture of thin films of Ti and its alloys for biomedical applications. There is no notice of another research group working in this theme. In this project, the objective is to study the influence of the surface change on the deposition of the thin films and if there is difference in the composition when performing chemical cleaning before spraying.
A diversidade de insetos madícolos em montanhas de mata atlântica : uma abordagem ecológica e taxonômica
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2017-03-10)
Shimabukuro, Erika Mayumi
;
Strixino, Susana Trivinho
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1804083229761186
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/2984229588673612
Ecologists all over the world have long been interested in studying mountains. Many factors explain the importance of mountain ecosystems as models to test patterns of spatial variation of biological communities: 1. Along altitudinal gradients significant climate changes can be observed in a relatively short spatial scale; 2. Comparing to oher spatial gradients, e.g. latitude, experiments developed in mountains are easily replicable; 3. The isolation and proximity from other mountains, as well as the noticeable climatic and geologic events that they experience, ensure the high biogeographical value of mountains; 4. Mountains guarantee ideal conditions for the establishment of a remarkable biodiversity, facilitating speciation process and the survivor of rare and endemic species. Regarding these factors, the main objective of this study was to assess patterns of richness and dissimilarity variations along altitudinal gradients at Atlantic Forest from Southeast Brazil. The madicolous (hygropetric) insect community and three mountains located at Serra do Mar and Serra da Mantiqueira – compounding a gradient from 0 m to 2700 m a.s.l. 0 were the study object of this work. At the first part of the thesis (ecologic approach), important hypotheses of richness and dissimilarity’ variations along altitudinal gradients have been tested: 1 Rapoport’s effect; 2. Spatial effect; 3. Environmental control; 4. “Mountain Passes are Higher in the Tropics”; 5. Source-sink dynamics. As madicolous habitats shelter a peculiar fauna of insects, and poorly addressed in literature, in the second part of the thesis (taxonomic approach), a checklist of all madicolous Chironomidae recorded here is presented. In addition, new species belonging to three Chironomidae genera are described and new records were evidenced. Madicolous insects are extremely diverse, and most of the taxa that compound it are the same found in insect community from streams. A significant variation of richness and dissimilarity have been observed along the gradients analyzed, and further, this variables showed deeply related to the gradients’ altitude. Regarding the madicolous Chironomidae community, many species unknown to science have been verified, many of them with restricted altitudinal distribution. In addition, many known species have been recorded for the first time in this peculiar habitat. These results confirm the importance and the need of conservation and monitoring of mountain ecosystems, especially at tropical region, where climatic impacts and anthropic pressure tend to be harsher.
Abordagens de otimização para o problema de alocação dinâmica de veículos no contexto de transporte rodoviário de carga no Brasil
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2017-03-10)
Cruz, Cesar Dario Alvarez
;
Morabito Neto, Reinaldo
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/4194801952934254
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/4498316314606067
This work aims at treating the Dynamic Vehicle Allocation Problem (DVAP) in the context of the Brazilian Freight Transportation system. The problem consists of allocating empty vehicles to different terminals so as to attend the demand of freight transport during a predetermined planning horizon while maximizing the profit from these services. These type of decisions arise in customized freight transport services and in between-terminals operations of consolidation freight services. Given the size of the resulting models of real life problems confronted by third party logistics operators are large for using exact solution methods, heuristic methods have been used for giving good quality solution at the expense of optimality guarantee. In this context, the objective of this work is to contribute with solution methods that provide optimality guarantee or quality solution certificates for treating large-scale problems in reasonable computational times. The methods utilized are lagrangean relaxation, using subgradient optimization, and DantzigWolfe decomposition together with a lagrangian heuristic and factibilization method, respectively. Computational experiments are presented and analyzed for randomly generated instances and real-world instances from a brasilian freight operator. The latter method shows great potential for treating large-scale problems.
Impressão 3D de compósitos de fosfatos de cálcio com poli (ácido lático) para aplicações biomédicas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2017-03-10)
Napolitano, Marcos Aurélio
;
Mancini, Marília Wellichan
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8831577546033673
;
Oliveira, Cauê Ribeiro de
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/5321313558714462
The present work was carried out to analyze the viability of the 3D printing technique for the production of ceramic/polymer composites with bioabsorbable characteristics and both physical-chemical and mechanical properties suitable for the production of implants with a better osseointegration potential and less invasiveness. PLA/calcium phosphate composites in different amounts of organic fillers were obtained for better understanding the application limits of the 3D printing technique through composite filament fusion. Two different routes synthesized calcium phosphate: polymer precursors and acid method. For the composites, mixtures of 10, 30 and 50% by weight of the ceramic were tested, the polylactic acid polymer (PLA) was used, and the dispersion of this hydroxyapatite (HA) was compared with the presence of a compatibilizer, maleic anhydride acid (AM). Characterization analysis, such as Infrared (FT-IV) spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermogravimetry (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and EDS dispersive energy spectroscopy) were used for ceramics as well as for the PLA polymer, and mechanical strength parameters analysis such as tensile, compression, shear and torsion, were also carried out in order to obtain mechanical characteristics of the obtained and studied composites. At the end of the synthesis of the ceramics, two types of calcium phosphate ceramics were obtained, and the one chosen was the one obtained through the wet process, hydroxyapatite (HA), due to its better crystallinity and purity. For mixing the ceramic and polymer, the chloroform solvent was used, due to the excellent polymer solubility and it was easily removed from the composite by evaporation. At the end of 3D printing of all composites, mechanical strength tests were performed in order to compare them with human bone data found in the literature. Preliminary testing with rats was also carried out. In conclusion, the most appropriate route of synthesis of the ceramic was found to be the wet method; The method of compatibilizing the ceramic into the polymer via dissolution with the chloroform solvent is efficient and safe. The impressions of the test specimens for mechanical tests via 3D printing are better performed with the aid of the AM, the obtained data from mechanical resistance meet the need of larger pieces for use of the composite in the medical and dentistry, and that the composite is biocompatible.
Reguladores do metabolismo bacteriano em reservatórios tropicais
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2017-03-10)
Silva, Roberta Mafra Freitas da
;
Sarmento, Hugo
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/4515469289999439
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8913921009282499
Reservoirs located in tropical regions are main carbon (C) sources to the atmosphere, and bacterial metabolism is a key process that regulates those emissions. However, studies on the environmental drivers of bacterial metabolism in tropical reservoirs are scarce. By measuring metabolic rates and the limnological parameters in four cascading reservoirs that form a trophic state gradient, we determined the environmental drivers of bacterial metabolism in a tropical region, and compared them with those found in the literature (mainly from temperate regions). Our multiple regression models selected variables related to the trophic state as the main drivers of bacterial production (BP) and bacterial growth efficiency (BGE). On the other hand, bacterial respiration (BR), and consequently bacterial carbon demand (BCD), were weakly and negatively correlated to dissolved organic carbon (DOC), contrasting with the literature data. BR was always high, especially in less productive reservoirs where planktonic communities were limited by phosphorus. Nutrient limitation, high temperatures and high incident light intensity increased the environmental hostility, and cells must invest more energy in maintenance mechanisms, which directs the metabolism towards BR. This was observed in the reservoirs studied, especially in the more oligotrophic environments (Nova Avanhandava and Três Irmãos) where BR was higher and ECB lower. Our results indicate that the regulatory mechanisms of bacterial metabolism may vary according to latitude.
Estudo da origem e transferência de metais e metalóides em áreas de manguezal, por meio de análises isotópicas na cadeia trófica e efeitos bioquímicos e morfológicos em Centropomus parallelus Poey, 1860
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2017-03-10)
Souza, Iara da Costa
;
Monferrán, Magdalena
;
Fernandes, Marisa Narciso
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3021357484136942
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/5391583114634391
Estuaries and coastal zones are affected by different types of anthropogenic influences derived from harbour activities, industrial and agriculture discharge. Two mangrove areas in two estuarine ecosystems: Bay of Vitória and Santa Cruz in the State of Espírito Santo, Brazil, with different levels of contamination by metals were evaluated to identify the origin and transfer of the metals and metalloids, through the trophic chain to a top-chain organism (the fish, Centropomus parallelus). The concentrations of metals and metalloids were analyzed in the abiotic matrix (sediment, interstitial water, surface water and bottom water) and biotic (samples of plankton and shrimp) to determine the biomagnification of these pollutants along the trophic chain and their origin was determined using isotopic correlations (carbon, nitrogen and lead). At the same time, metal and metalloid concentrations in gills, muscles, liver and kidney of C. parallelus, as well as biochemical biomarkers of exposure and effect in these organs were evaluated. Ultrastructural analyzes were performed on gills, muscles, liver, gonad and kidney of C. parallelus to evaluate metals internalization and subcellular localization. Linear regression was performed for metal accumulated data for all food web to evaluate biomagnification, biodilution or non-interference of the trophic chain in the accumulation of the different metals evaluated. Stable isotope results are interpreted using a new algorithm (K-means; machine learning) to integrate data from the origin and transfer trough the food web; Multivariate statistical analysis were performed to integrate physical, chemical and biological data for C. parallelus tissues. Results of δ13C and δ15N confirmed plankton and trees as the base of the food web; indicated the crab, shrimp and oyster as intermediate levels, and the fish, C. parallelus, was confirmed as the top of the food web. δ15N also indicated different anthropic impacts in the estuaries, with Bay of Victory being impacted by fertilizers. The 87Sr / 86So isotopic ratio showed a highlight influence of marine water on the ecosystems. The lead fingerprint suggests that the atmospheric particulate material is the source of metal contamination in the ecosystems, being strongly influenced by metallurgical activities. The plant-crab-fish trophic chain presented higher biomagnification potential, while biodilution was more observed in the plankton-shrimp-fish and plankton-oyster trophic chains. Ultrastructural analysis of the abiotic and tissues samples of C. parallelus showed the internalization of metallic nanoparticles in cellular structures (vesicles; nucleus) of all organs analyzed. Nanocrystallographic analyzes shown that metallic nanoparticles found were compatible with those found in atmospheric particulate matter. Biomarkers data corroborate as ultrastructural analyzes, suggesting that metal accumulated cannot be all available. Responses and/or absence of them in a given organ show specific sensitivity of organs and tissues to the accumulation of metals. Metal levels in the gills indicate water contamination and decreased organ sensitivity in most metals; muscle was the least reactive tissue. Biochemical responses suggested that the route of metal elimination is through the gills and kidney. Hepatopancreas and kidneys are important organs of detoxification, being C. Parallelus able to support as environmental conditions, however, imposed with energy expenditure that can influence a growth rate and reproduction processes of this species.
Importância dos efeitos de absorção no espalhamento elástico de elétrons por moléculas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2017-03-11)
Ferraz, Jorge Ronan
;
Machado, Luiz Eugenio
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1364862671456515
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1788681502536563
In this work we study the importance of absorption effects on the electron-molecule interaction dynamics. These effects are simulated by a complex optical model potential from which the imaginary part is an absorption potential. In the numerical solution of the scattering electron wave equation, Padé’s approximant technique is used in association with the partial-wave expansion method. In our calculations, the scattering wave function, the interaction potential and all the related matrices are single-center expanded about the center of mass of the molecule, in terms of the angular symmetry-adapted functions xpM. The well-known convergence difficulty for polar targets is overcome in our studies by the use of a closure technique based on the First Born Approximation. We carry out studies on electron scattering by eight molecules: ammonia, formaldehyde, fluoromethane, formamide, dimethyl ether, dimethyl sulfide, pyrimidine, and acetone, all of them featuring a strong permanent electric dipole. We report elastic electron-molecule scattering differential (DCS), integral (ICS) and momentum transfer (MTCS) cross sections, as well as electron-molecule scattering total (TCS) and total absorption (TACS) cross sections for all the above-mentioned molecules. Our theoretical results are compared to experimental and other theoretical data available in the literature. Our results show the importance of absorption effects on electron-molecule scattering for incident electron energies in the (20-500) eV range.
“Em breve nos cinemas”: assimilação e articulação do formato trailer pela experiência cinematográfica brasileira
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2017-03-13)
Jaber, Fernanda Affonso de André
;
Araújo, Luciana Sá Leitão Corrêa de
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/9890886509956837
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/2588450957497427
The object of study of this dissertation is the film trailer in the context of Brazilian cinematic experience. From a historical perspective, this research clarifies how the relationship between the Brazilian trailer and the U.S. benchmark developed over time, and what were the influences of the imported object, both on the trajectory of the domestic trailer in the market and on its mode of discourse. The main concern was to understand where the trailers fit in the history of Brazilian cinema, a market dominated by U.S. productions. The research methodology used information contained in the archives of periodicals to articulate the context of the trailer in Brazil, focusing on the period in which imported trailers emerged and underwent mass-scale insertions in Brazil. Next, using the film material, case studies were prepared on the Brazilian trailers of the 1940s and the 1950s to identify rhetorical and aesthetic patterns in Brazilian advertisement production. This research hopes to contribute to a better understanding of the circulation (or the problems within the circulation) of Brazilian commercial productions of this period.
Os efeitos da exposição gradual à consequência e da oportunidade de escolha entre eventos de diferentes valores reforçadores sobre escolhas de autocontrole
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2017-03-13)
Calixto, Fernanda Castanho
;
Goyos, Antônio Celso de Noronha
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3407008711535651
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7438408946552610
The reasons why we make decisions have been focus of scientific interest and popular curiosity. The present research was conducted with the objective of investigating variables that influence self-controlled choices. Four studies were performed. The studies were carried out with eleven children aged 3 to 4. The experimental task consisted in the choice between two competing stimuli, presented in the monitor of a computer, followed by immediate consequences of smaller quantity and delayed ones of greater quantity. Study 1 aimed to train discriminations necessary for the choice between stimuli followed by consequences with different quantities and delays without verbal descriptions of the same. Participants were exposed to the following conditions: Simple Discrimination with Reversal, Training of Reinforcement Amount, and Reinforcement Delay. The results demonstrated that participants responded differently to concurrent stimuli in the first two experimental conditions. With the insertion of the delay, five participants finalized the study choosing the delayed consequence in percentage equal to or above 70% and three finalized choosing around 50%. Study 2 replicated Study 1 and further investigated the effect of equalizing the Interval between Attempts (EBT) on self-control choices. The results indicated that there were no substantial differences in the number of self-controlled choices between the conditions with and without EBT equalization. In Studies 3 and 4, potentially reinforcing events were manipulated along the delay of the consequence of greater quantity. Specifically, Study 3 was conducted with the objective of investigating the effect of the choice between preferred and non-preferred events on self-control choices. Participants were exposed to the following conditions: a) choice with high preference activities, b) choice with low preference activities, c) no choice with high preference activities, and d) no choice with low preference activities. The opportunity to choose was manipulated between conditions. The results indicated that self-controlled choices increased with preferred video conditions, regardless of the opportunity to choose between them. In Study 4 the opportunity of choice was manipulated intra-conditions and all videos available over the delay of consequence were of high reinforcement value. The results showed that the condition with opportunity to choose increased self-controlled choices.