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Letramento probabilístico : um olhar sobre as situações de aprendizagem do caderno do professor
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2017-03-21) Custódio, Leandro Aparecido Alves; Oliveira, Paulo César; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7516513469811353; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3739412558486803
The aim of this research was to analyze the concept of probability through the diversity of semiotic representation records arranged in the statement of the tasks (learning situations) contained in the second volume of the Teacher's notebook for the second high school series and their possible contributions to the development of probabilistic literacy. The study was based on Raymond Duval's Theory of Semiotic Representations and on the Probabilistic Letters of Iddo Gal. We sought to answer the following research questions: What and how are the records of semiotic representation in the learning situations proposed in the teacher's book? Do such records contribute to the development of probabilistic literacy? In order to fulfill the purposes of our work, we resorted to bibliographical and documentary research and based on our theoretical contributions, we analyzed the content of four learning situations. Among the several records of semiotic representation, the tree diagram was little explored in the proposed tasks. The mobilization and coordination of records of this nature has the function of contributing to the construction of concepts, but in the case of problems of combinatorial analysis, they did not present contributions to the development of probabilistic literacy, due to the absence of internal connections between the basic notions of With the calculation of probabilities.
Identificação de oportunidades de Produção Mais Limpa em uma cooperativa de reciclagem de plásticos na cidade de Sorocaba-SP
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2017-03-21) Santos, Fábio Ferreira; Moris, Virgínia Aparecida da Silva; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1101036108950133; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6424668691929529
Waste generation is a global challenge to be faced, especially in industrializing countries such as Brazil, where high waste generation in line with structural problems and inadequate waste management can result in environmental, economic and social problems. Thus, recycling can be considered as an important strategy to face this challenge in order to develop practices focused on the triple bottom line (sustainability). The recycling chain in Brazil is considered complex involving multiple actors, among them we can highlight the activities of scavengers as fundamental agents on viability of recycling. However, the scavengers are not always recognized, they are the ones that benefit least in the chain and they face several difficulties. In seeking to overcome the difficulties and achieve better positioning in the chain, scavengers have organized into cooperatives, networks and materials processing centers. From the environmental point of view, recycling processes, especially of post-consumer plastics, can also have an impact on the environment, if management is not established from the collection until the final disposal of the same. It is therefore important to adopt environmental management tools such as Cleaner Production (CP), for example, that result in benefits to the environment, society and organizations. This research aimed to identify opportunities for improvement in plastics recycling process in a cooperative of Sorocaba-SP, through the use of the CP tool. The research consisted of a case study in a cooperative that performs the recycling process of Polyethylene (PE) and Polypropylene (PP), transforming them into flakes and / or pellets. The steps of the CP adopted in this research were based on the Centro Nacional de Tecnologias Limpas (CNTL, 2003) and complemented by SEBRAE guidelines (2005) and by the study of Silva et al. (2013). The following steps were carried out: awareness and general characterization of the cooperative, mapping of the recycling process, quantification of input and output streams, definition of indicators, selection of the evaluation focus, identification of causes of waste generation, effluents and emissions, and identification of CP opportunities. The study revealed that the recycling process of the cooperative is passive to generate environmental impacts, mainly due to the lack of standardization of the raw material and the high consumption of water in the washing stage and consequent generation of effluents. 25 improvement opportunities were identified, focusing mainly on level 1 of housekeeping. In addition, barriers to CP in the cooperative were identified, especially those related to financial issues and lack of government support. Thus, it is necessary to overcome these barriers to an effective implementation of the CP and obtain the consequent economic, environmental and social benefits.
Equivalência de estímulos e o ensino de habilidades rudimentares de leitura para alunos com autismo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2017-03-21) Millan, Ana Elisa; Postalli, Lidia Maria Marson; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2748282330028870; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5782399662901117
Considering the importance of reading instruction to people with autism, using low-cost strategies that can be applied by the majority of teachers, this study aimed to verify the emergence of relations between printed word and picture, dictated word and printed word and naming words, with the instruction of relations between different stimuli (pitcture – printed word) and between stimulus and response (naming words), using multiple-sample matching-to-sample (MTS) procedure applied with students with autism. In this study, the words taught were previously selected by the researcher. Four students with a previous diagnosis of autism and enrolled in a special school participated of this study. In order to characterize the participants, we used two instruments: the Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS) and the Assessment of Basic Learning Abilities (ABLA). The general procedure was composed of seven steps: 1) familiarization between participants and researcher; 2) identification of preference items; 3) evaluation of behavioral and discriminative repertoires; 4) pre-test to evaluate the general reading repertoire; 5) teaching the first unit composed of nine words; 6) teaching the second unit composed of nine words; and 7) post-test evaluation of the general reading repertoire. A pre and post-test design was used to evaluate the general reading repertoire and a multiple baseline design between blocks of words in each unit. Multiple-sample matching-to-sample procedure was used to teach the relation between pictures and printed words. In this procedure, each student’s attempt was composed of three sample stimuli and three comparison stimuli. The participant should match each of comparison stimuli with the corresponding sample stimulus. Also picture naming relation was taught. Tests assessed the emergence of relations between printed words and pictures, and between dictated words and printed words and naming printed words. Two participants (P1 and P2) required a low number of trials in multiple-sample matching-to-sample (MTS) procedure attempts to achieve the learning criteria of the tasks and presented emergence of relations not directly taught. Another two participants (P3 and P4) had difficulties in achieving the learning criteria of that procedure. For these participants, it was necessary to carry out a remedial educational procedure using the matching-to-sample to teach the relation between dictation and printed word. The results showed that the procedure did not favor the maintenance of the performances taught between dictated word and printed word and allowed the partial emergence of relations between stimuli (picture and printed word, printed word and picture). Future studies should consider the behavioral characteristics of the participants as a resource for teaching planning.
Educação ambiental dialógico-crítica no Pantanal de Mato Grosso : a voz e o silêncio das pescadoras e dos pescadores tradicionais
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2017-03-21) Souza, Silvano Carmo de; Logarezzi, Amadeu José Montagnini; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6153358744019882; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5675542907837639
The research of critical-dialogical environmental education was developed in the municipality of Caceres, Pantanal of Mato Grosso. It is work done by many hands, the results of many voices meeting. Fruit of the interaction of workers who have their lives interwoven by the uneasy rhythm of the waters of the Pantanal rivers of Mato Grosso. During approximately 2 years we dialogue with traditional fishermen linked to two entities representing the category: Colony Z-2 and the Association of fishermen of Caceres – Appec. Before entities were affiliated, these people and/or their families had traditionally developed, for decades, fishing for subsistence. Our main objective was to contextualize the artisanal fishing activity in the municipality of Caceres, starting with an egalitarian dialogue with fishermen, in order to simultaneously promote processes of critical dialogic formation with them, especially from and regarding their contexts. To do so, we launched the freirean and haberman theoretical and methodological referential, densely consubstantiated in the critical communicative methodology. In this dialogical diagnostic, analytical revealing and propositional transformative process, we discuss three themes, considered by them and by them as the main ones: a) the practice of artisanal professional fishing; b) participation in the political actions of Colony Z-2 and Appec and in the processes of formulation of public fisheries policies, and c) conservation of fish biodiversity. The results, analyzes and developments of this research are listed in part two of this thesis. There are five articles in which we seek, in addition to retaking in each of them the theoretical and methodological framework that underlies this work, we also discuss the reflections we carry out dialogically with 83 professional fishermen. In the four articles are listed the motives of the lucid voice and the deafening silence that drove our movements during the time we were together. To a large extent, we have identified a growing disposition within the fishing communities for the freiran dialogue. Despite all the violence to which these people have already been and are submitted, the disposition to face the processes of spoliation of rights persists keenly. Therefore, the importance of environmental education research based on values, practices and critical dialogic concepts, since these potentialize the coordination of actions with a view to overcoming the processes of oppression, potentialization as historical subjects, which are also able to read his world and seek his transformation.
Avaliação físico-química e sensorial de caldo de cana-de-açúcar
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2017-03-21) Soares, Eduardo Alessandro; Verruma-Bernardi, Marta Regina; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3470912236544684; Borges, Maria Teresa Mendes Ribeiro; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1800048119205212; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6295118746595945
This study aimed to evaluate the physicochemical and sensory characteristics of sugarcane juice (garapa) of seven varieties RB (Republic of Brazil) and correlate agronomic important aspects for obtaining garapa. The garapas were analyzed for pH, acetic acidity, Brix, Pol purity, color, turbidity and reducing sugars. The sequence of sample testing included the parameters: color, sweet taste, body, flavor and preference. The physicochemical results showed significant differences a higher preference for the RB855453 and RB935744 varieties, with no differences between them (5% statistical probability). In relation to body attributes, sweet taste and preference there was among varieties in pH attributes, acetic acidity, Brix, purity, color, turbidity and reducing sugars. The analyzed varieties were not significantly different for the Pol attribute. Sensory analysis showed that in relation to the color attribute varieties RB855156, RB867515 and RB965917 proved to be lighter. Regarding the flavor attribute there was no significant difference among the varieties. Regarding the agronomic aspects available in the national catalogue of RB varieties, the studied varieties presented satisfactory characteristics in relation to the fiber content, agricultural productivity and harvest season. In addition, most are resistant to the main diseases of the culture.