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Educação ambiental dialógico-crítica no Pantanal de Mato Grosso : a voz e o silêncio das pescadoras e dos pescadores tradicionais
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2017-03-21)
Souza, Silvano Carmo de
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Logarezzi, Amadeu José Montagnini
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6153358744019882
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5675542907837639
The research of critical-dialogical environmental education was developed in the municipality of Caceres, Pantanal of Mato Grosso. It is work done by many hands, the results of many voices meeting. Fruit of the interaction of workers who have their lives interwoven by the uneasy rhythm of the waters of the Pantanal rivers of Mato Grosso. During approximately 2 years we dialogue with traditional fishermen linked to two entities representing the category: Colony Z-2 and the Association of fishermen of Caceres – Appec. Before entities were affiliated, these people and/or their families had traditionally developed, for decades, fishing for subsistence. Our main objective was to contextualize the artisanal fishing activity in the municipality of Caceres, starting with an egalitarian dialogue with fishermen, in order to simultaneously promote processes of critical dialogic formation with them, especially from and regarding their contexts. To do so, we launched the freirean and haberman theoretical and methodological referential, densely consubstantiated in the critical communicative methodology. In this dialogical diagnostic, analytical revealing and propositional transformative process, we discuss three themes, considered by them and by them as the main ones: a) the practice of artisanal professional fishing; b) participation in the political actions of Colony Z-2 and Appec and in the processes of formulation of public fisheries policies, and c) conservation of fish biodiversity. The results, analyzes and developments of this research are listed in part two of this thesis. There are five articles in which we seek, in addition to retaking in each of them the theoretical and methodological framework that underlies this work, we also discuss the reflections we carry out dialogically with 83 professional fishermen. In the four articles are listed the motives of the lucid voice and the deafening silence that drove our movements during the time we were together. To a large extent, we have identified a growing disposition within the fishing communities for the freiran dialogue. Despite all the violence to which these people have already been and are submitted, the disposition to face the processes of spoliation of rights persists keenly. Therefore, the importance of environmental education research based on values, practices and critical dialogic concepts, since these potentialize the coordination of actions with a view to overcoming the processes of oppression, potentialization as historical subjects, which are also able to read his world and seek his transformation.
Letramento probabilístico : um olhar sobre as situações de aprendizagem do caderno do professor
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2017-03-21)
Custódio, Leandro Aparecido Alves
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Oliveira, Paulo César
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7516513469811353
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3739412558486803
The aim of this research was to analyze the concept of probability through the diversity of semiotic representation records arranged in the statement of the tasks (learning situations) contained in the second volume of the Teacher's notebook for the second high school series and their possible contributions to the development of probabilistic literacy. The study was based on Raymond Duval's Theory of Semiotic Representations and on the Probabilistic Letters of Iddo Gal. We sought to answer the following research questions: What and how are the records of semiotic representation in the learning situations proposed in the teacher's book? Do such records contribute to the development of probabilistic literacy? In order to fulfill the purposes of our work, we resorted to bibliographical and documentary research and based on our theoretical contributions, we analyzed the content of four learning situations. Among the several records of semiotic representation, the tree diagram was little explored in the proposed tasks. The mobilization and coordination of records of this nature has the function of contributing to the construction of concepts, but in the case of problems of combinatorial analysis, they did not present contributions to the development of probabilistic literacy, due to the absence of internal connections between the basic notions of With the calculation of probabilities.
Equivalência de estímulos e o ensino de habilidades rudimentares de leitura para alunos com autismo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2017-03-21)
Millan, Ana Elisa
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Postalli, Lidia Maria Marson
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2748282330028870
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5782399662901117
Considering the importance of reading instruction to people with autism, using low-cost strategies that can be applied by the majority of teachers, this study aimed to verify the emergence of relations between printed word and picture, dictated word and printed word and naming words, with the instruction of relations between different stimuli (pitcture – printed word) and between stimulus and response (naming words), using multiple-sample matching-to-sample (MTS) procedure applied with students with autism. In this study, the words taught were previously selected by the researcher. Four students with a previous diagnosis of autism and enrolled in a special school participated of this study. In order to characterize the participants, we used two instruments: the Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS) and the Assessment of Basic Learning Abilities (ABLA). The general procedure was composed of seven steps: 1) familiarization between participants and researcher; 2) identification of preference items; 3) evaluation of behavioral and discriminative repertoires; 4) pre-test to evaluate the general reading repertoire; 5) teaching the first unit composed of nine words; 6) teaching the second unit composed of nine words; and 7) post-test evaluation of the general reading repertoire. A pre and post-test design was used to evaluate the general reading repertoire and a multiple baseline design between blocks of words in each unit. Multiple-sample matching-to-sample procedure was used to teach the relation between pictures and printed words. In this procedure, each student’s attempt was composed of three sample stimuli and three comparison stimuli. The participant should match each of comparison stimuli with the corresponding sample stimulus. Also picture naming relation was taught. Tests assessed the emergence of relations between printed words and pictures, and between dictated words and printed words and naming printed words. Two participants (P1 and P2) required a low number of trials in multiple-sample matching-to-sample (MTS) procedure attempts to achieve the learning criteria of the tasks and presented emergence of relations not directly taught. Another two participants (P3 and P4) had difficulties in achieving the learning criteria of that procedure. For these participants, it was necessary to carry out a remedial educational procedure using the matching-to-sample to teach the relation between dictation and printed word. The results showed that the procedure did not favor the maintenance of the performances taught between dictated word and printed word and allowed the partial emergence of relations between stimuli (picture and printed word, printed word and picture). Future studies should consider the behavioral characteristics of the participants as a resource for teaching planning.
Avaliação físico-química e sensorial de caldo de cana-de-açúcar
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2017-03-21)
Soares, Eduardo Alessandro
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Verruma-Bernardi, Marta Regina
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3470912236544684
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Borges, Maria Teresa Mendes Ribeiro
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1800048119205212
This study aimed to evaluate the physicochemical and sensory characteristics of sugarcane juice (garapa) of seven varieties RB (Republic of Brazil) and correlate agronomic important aspects for obtaining garapa. The garapas were analyzed for pH, acetic acidity, Brix, Pol purity, color, turbidity and reducing sugars. The sequence of sample testing included the parameters: color, sweet taste, body, flavor and preference. The physicochemical results showed significant differences a higher preference for the RB855453 and RB935744 varieties, with no differences between them (5% statistical probability). In relation to body attributes, sweet taste and preference there was among varieties in pH attributes, acetic acidity, Brix, purity, color, turbidity and reducing sugars. The analyzed varieties were not significantly different for the Pol attribute. Sensory analysis showed that in relation to the color attribute varieties RB855156, RB867515 and RB965917 proved to be lighter. Regarding the flavor attribute there was no significant difference among the varieties. Regarding the agronomic aspects available in the national catalogue of RB varieties, the studied varieties presented satisfactory characteristics in relation to the fiber content, agricultural productivity and harvest season. In addition, most are resistant to the main diseases of the culture.
Identificação de oportunidades de Produção Mais Limpa em uma cooperativa de reciclagem de plásticos na cidade de Sorocaba-SP
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2017-03-21)
Santos, Fábio Ferreira
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Moris, Virgínia Aparecida da Silva
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1101036108950133
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6424668691929529
Waste generation is a global challenge to be faced, especially in industrializing countries such as Brazil, where high waste generation in line with structural problems and inadequate waste management can result in environmental, economic and social problems. Thus, recycling can be considered as an important strategy to face this challenge in order to develop practices focused on the triple bottom line (sustainability). The recycling chain in Brazil is considered complex involving multiple actors, among them we can highlight the activities of scavengers as fundamental agents on viability of recycling. However, the scavengers are not always recognized, they are the ones that benefit least in the chain and they face several difficulties. In seeking to overcome the difficulties and achieve better positioning in the chain, scavengers have organized into cooperatives, networks and materials processing centers. From the environmental point of view, recycling processes, especially of post-consumer plastics, can also have an impact on the environment, if management is not established from the collection until the final disposal of the same. It is therefore important to adopt environmental management tools such as Cleaner Production (CP), for example, that result in benefits to the environment, society and organizations. This research aimed to identify opportunities for improvement in plastics recycling process in a cooperative of Sorocaba-SP, through the use of the CP tool. The research consisted of a case study in a cooperative that performs the recycling process of Polyethylene (PE) and Polypropylene (PP), transforming them into flakes and / or pellets. The steps of the CP adopted in this research were based on the Centro Nacional de Tecnologias Limpas (CNTL, 2003) and complemented by SEBRAE guidelines (2005) and by the study of Silva et al. (2013). The following steps were carried out: awareness and general characterization of the cooperative, mapping of the recycling process, quantification of input and output streams, definition of indicators, selection of the evaluation focus, identification of causes of waste generation, effluents and emissions, and identification of CP opportunities. The study revealed that the recycling process of the cooperative is passive to generate environmental impacts, mainly due to the lack of standardization of the raw material and the high consumption of water in the washing stage and consequent generation of effluents. 25 improvement opportunities were identified, focusing mainly on level 1 of housekeeping. In addition, barriers to CP in the cooperative were identified, especially those related to financial issues and lack of government support. Thus, it is necessary to overcome these barriers to an effective implementation of the CP and obtain the consequent economic, environmental and social benefits.
De um corpo tão gentil como profano : um arquivo jurídico sobre as prostitutas no Brasil (1940-2012)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2017-03-22)
Bernardes, Elizete de Souza
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Sargentini, Vanice Maria Oliveira
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1406919572611392
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1471567021751171
Cette thèse de doctorat s‟inscrit dans le cadre de l‟analyse française de discours et instaure une réflexion sur les modalités de la construction historique, dans l‟archive juridique brésilienne, du concept de « prostituée », en regard de sa relation avec le corps. Nous observons comment cette construction fait actuellement l‟objet de re-significations et supporte concomitamment les effets de mémoire des périodes antérieures : les énoncés entrent dans un régime de formation et de transformation, de mémoire, d‟appropriation, de mutations discursives. Au cours de ces dernières années, plusieurs lois concernant les femmes ont en effet émergé dans l‟archive juridique brésilienne (le statut de la femme mariée, la loi Maria da Penha, la loi sur le féminicide, etc.) et leur ont conféré des droits et une protection juridique. D‟emblée, une question intrigante se posait : comment certaines femmes (les prostituées) ontelles été objectivées dans l‟archive juridique, sur la base de leur corps et de leurs pratiques ? La problématique de la recherche se formule alors de la manière suivante : comment le discours juridico-légal, sur une période de « durée moyenne » (BRAUDEL, 1978), de 1940 à 2012, au Brésil, et dans son engendrement avec d‟autres domaines de connaissance, produit-il des vérités sur le corps de la prostituée ? Notre hypothèse de recherche est que des politiques de contrôle du dire et surtout d‟incitation au dire sur la sexualité ourdissent la trame du discours juridique. Les dires sur la prostituée suivront ainsi la trame du discours du droit sur son corps, en lui conférant un « effet de réel » et de vérité. En d‟autres termes, le corps sera considéré comme un objet discursif, et, dans une grande mesure, sémiologique (SARGENTINI ; CURCINO ; PIOVEZANI, 2011) : il est doté de signifiés et d‟effets de sens ourdis par le discours. Il s‟agit ainsi, pour chaque temporalité historique, de comprendre les énonciabilités possibles sur la prostituée et son corps, dans l‟engendrement du savoir juridique avec d‟autres discours qui le déterminent et le construisent. Le cadre théorique de la recherche se fonde sur les études inaugurées par Jean-Jacques Courtine pour la sémiologie historique du corps (2013 ; 2011 ; 1988), sur les considérations de Foucault dans la Vérité et les formes juridiques (2002) et l‟Archéologie du savoir (2013a), entre autres. L‟étude suit une méthodologie archéologique et le concept même d‟archive (FOUCAULT, 2013a), qui se composera d‟énoncés législatifs et d‟autres divers, l‟ensemble configurant un « domaine associé ». De surcroît, par le biais des mises à jour et de la nouveauté au sein de la répétition, nous cherchons à saisir comment les énoncés à propos du corps de la prostituée entrent dans un régime d‟événement discursif (FOUCAULT, 2013a ; GUILHAUMOU et MALDIDIER, 2004). Enfin, nous en venons à la thèse que le corps de la prostituée est utopique (FOUCAULT, 2013b), car il s‟inscrit invariablement dans un autre lieu – et se montre donc inappréhensible pour le droit. Le corps de la prostituée est l‟espace hétérotopique du désir, des fantaisies, mais aussi un lieu où le droit peut établir des règles et intervenir ponctuellement et directement.
Relação entre prioridades competitivas e estrutura organizacional: estudo multicasos em empresas do setor de autopeças de Sorocaba
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2017-03-22)
Oliveira, Lucas Gabriel Brito de
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Guimarães, Márcia Regina Neves
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9250214706491925
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0918373705963230
The production strategy has been considered important to obtain advantages over competitors. Its content is made up of competitive priorities and decision categories (or areas) that should develop such priorities. Among these categories, there is the organizational structure that should have characteristics that foster the priorities adopted by the organization. In this context, the present work seeks to identify which is the competitive priority of the companies in the auto parts sector of the city of Sorocaba and how the organizational structure can favor its development. Through a qualitative study, using the methodology of study of multicases, the organizational structures that favor the development of one or more competitive priorities were identified and compared. In the four companies studied it was observed that the competitive priority is quality. In these companies, the characteristics of the organizational structure that favor this competitive priority are the high degree of formalization of the activities, the decentralization of the decisions, training, the awareness of the leaders on the importance of quality, and the incentive to the formal and informal communication in the group work and meetings.
Desenvolvimento de procedimentos de preparo de amostras usando sistemas em fluxo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2017-03-22)
Marques, Thiago Linhares
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Nóbrega, Joaquim de Araújo
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8833989058164529
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0207548032522769
Sample preparation using flow and flow-batch systems were here studied. Initially, it was evaluated a microwave-assisted flow digestion system operated under high pressure and high temperature for sample preparation of solid samples of animal and plant tissues (bovine liver, bovine muscle, shrimp, spinach, tomato and orange leaves) and liquid samples of foods (apple juice, mango juice, whole and partially skimmed milk) for macro and micronutrients determination by ICP OES. The digestion efficiencies of glucose, glycine, phenylalanine and nicotinic acid solutions, which are compounds considered easy, medium, difficult and hard to digest, were 98, 63, 22 and 4%, respectively, in the selected conditions (500 W and 5 mL min-1). The developed microwave-assisted flow digestion system showed similar or better digestion efficiencies than other systems described in the literature. Most concentrations of elements determined in CRMs of bovine liver (NIST 1577b) and apple leaves (NIST 1515), which were digested with 6 mol L-1 HNO3, were in good agreement with certified values. Best digestion efficiencies of solid samples (ca. 90%) were reached when using a mixture of 6 mol L-1 HNO3 with 0.4 mol L-1 HCl. Using the digestion mixture composed by 3.7 mol L-1 HNO3 plus 0.3 mol L-1 HCl best digestion efficiencies were reached for fruit juices (ca. 77%), while for milk digestion was more effective (ca. 76%) using 10.5 mol L-1 HNO3. Macro and micronutrient concentrations determined in these samples agreed well with the contents determined by microwave-assisted acid digestion on closed vessels according to a paired t test for multiple samples (P = 95%). Alternatively, it was evaluated a flow-batch extraction system for online determination of macro and micronutrients by ICP OES. The best extraction conditions were reached using 50 mg of sample, 4 min of extraction time with 10 mL of 8 and 4 % (V V-1) HCl for plant and animal tissues, respectively. Quantitative extractions of Cu, Mg, Mn, Na and K were reached in 30 s for spinach leaves, while 4 min were needed for Ca, Ba and Sr. Bovine liver required 4 min of extraction time for all these analytes. These extractions conditions were applied for samples of plant and animal tissues and CRMs previously mentioned and the extraction efficiencies ranged from 80 to 117% for most analytes. According to a paired t test at a 95% confidence level there was no significant differences for most elements determined by flow-batch extraction and microwave-assisted digestion in closed vessels. The exception was Fe in all evaluated conditions for all samples since it is strongly linked to the sample matrix. Both flow systems were promising for sample preparation, but they still need to be improved for routine analysis applications. The microwave-assisted flow digestion system was effective for determination of a large number of elements, but it required sophisticated devices. On the other hand, the developed flow-batch extraction system is simple, but it is not applicable for quantitative determination of elements strongly linked to sample matrices.
Uma abordagem de desenvolvimento de software orientado pelos modelos de objetos persistentes e de negócio
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2017-03-22)
Santos, João Paulo Moreira dos
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Prado, Antonio Francisco do
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2668568143800755
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2474278895768267
The Software Engineering aims to support all aspects of software development, having as some of its challenges the reduction of delivery time and the improvements that facilitate the development of the software. Thus, it is necessary to create tools, methods and mechanisms that support and improve the software development process, including its maintenance, considering the changes of requirements over time. These maintenances can occur due to the evolution of technologies and the new needs of its users. In order to support the Software Development Process (SDP), code generation techniques and business process management have been widely used. With this focus, and aiming to improve the SDP, a set of techniques were researched which, combined, resulted in a development approach, whose bases are the Business Models and Persistent Object Classes and Code Generation. These techniques, widely used by developers today, integrated in the proposed approach, allowed to support and guide the developer in both the construction and maintenance of the software. The approach defines activities that should be performed during software development and employs the concepts, techniques, and tools that support those activities. The approach was evaluated through the development of an experimental study and it was verified that its use provided improvements in the time and facilities in the SDP, not only during the construction of the software, but also in its maintenance.
Relação custo/benefício de métodos de levantamento de fauna silvestre
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2017-03-22)
Fernandes, Tatiane Cristina Rech
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Verdade, Luciano Martins
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5737871911060351
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Galetti Júnior, Pedro Manoel
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7398754661670478
Projects that cause impact to the environment when complying with environmental licensing, besides obligations, must apply a survey and monitoring the wildlife. Although the constantly environmental legislation evolution, there is a large gap between the regulations and standards to apply these studies. The methodology choose that adequately answered the effects of the impacts caused by the enterprise is relevant to the proper orientation of mitigation and conservation actions, and also efficiently uses the invested resource, maximizing the costbenefit ratio. Generally in studies related to environmental licensing are used indirect methodologies for the survey of medium and large mammals. This work compares the cost / benefit of the methodologies for the survey of medium and large mammals traditionally used (i.e., footprint transaction of and camera-trapping) between to the trophic approach (i.e., diet studies). Evaluating the accuracy, precision (application of statistical concepts for these two terms), efficacy, efficiency (application of administration concepts), and diversity versus biocomplexity of three case studies that collected data from medium-sized mammals, relating the Benefits in terms of the information generated and the financial cost involved. The results suggest that the trophic approach methodology presented better results for accuracy, efficiency and biocomplexity, while the footprint transaction methodology obtained better performance in efficacy and accuracy along with the camera-trapping methodology. Finally, biodiversity results are possible with the three methodologies. Thus, a trophic approach is useful in the visual and molecular identification of predators and their prey, generating patterns of biological diversity and complexity of the trophic processes, allowing a better understanding of a given environment before and after human interventions.
Uma proposta metodológica para o ensino de óptica geométrica com o auxílio do software GeoGebra
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2017-03-22)
Souza, Diogo Emerson de
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Venezuela, Antonio Luís
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8722224671269332
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3829658898667003
Facing the students’ lack of motivation during Physics classes and the presence of new digital technologies that can aid and improve the teaching approach nowadays, this present work consists of proposing a methodology capable of promoting Geometric Optics learning, specifically for the Reflection theme, through the Geogebra software as a pedagogical resource. Based on the idea that computer simulations allow the development of several skills, involve concentration on the theoretical concepts and help to contextualize theory and practice, the official proposals (PCNs and Curriculum of the State of São Paulo) which aim to guide the teacher, indicating the necessary abilities that students must acquire when graduating high school were studied and investigated. A test was applied after the activities and we could verify a satisfactory result of the methodology.
Modernização do complexo agroindustrial canavieiro paulista e seus efeitos sobre a gestão do trabalho agrícola
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2017-03-23)
Reis, Leonardo Ferreira
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Alves, Francisco José da Costa
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9183120186518337
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Camarotto, João Alberto
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1427853773681255
This study aims to answer the following question: why do the arduous working conditions continue to exist in the agricultural work process of the Agroindustrial Complex (CAI) of sugarcane in the State of São Paulo, Brazil, even with predominance of mechanized operations of every production process? The hypothesis pursued is: to remunerate the productive capital inserted in the logic of the Flexible Accumulation Regime, the Sugarcane CAI of São Paulo state must raise productivity to extremely high levels, either by creating relative or absolute surplus value, forming conditions of hazardous work. To verify this hypothesis, we used two data collection methods: a) a qualitative one, with semi-structured interviews and field observations, and b) a quantitative one, through application of questionnaires to managers of the Human Resources Management of the sugarcane CAI, and data obtained from secondary databases of public agencies and private consulting companies. The results indicate that, with the mechanization of the sugarcane production, technological innovations were implemented to increase the productivity of all operations, which influenced the concrete work. In this process of productive modernization, there was a combination between predominant mechanized operations, and remaining manual activities, both with high productivity and hazardous working conditions. The manual activities became important to improve the quality of the production process, while the machines operation became central in the valorization of the capital in the CAI. This strategy imposes exploitation of labor at degrading levels, lowering wages, causing illness, and making workers extremely vulnerable to labor force control mechanisms. Payment based on production continues to play a central role among these mechanisms, but in a modern way with the inclusion of personal performance indicators, that is also the basis for selection and training strategies. The arduous working conditions is a characteristic of the Sugarcane Complex modernization process, because it is necessary to the productive capital valorization in this complex, reproducing the Flexible Accumulation contradictions in this complex.
Viabilidade de implantação do 1o nível de governança corporativa no IFSP – campus Hortolândia – sob a ótica do institucionalismo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2017-03-23)
Toledo, Davis Wilian Graciano de
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Pimentel, Andréa Eloisa Bueno
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9330438553830026
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1572489423763843
The Corporate Governance is current topic with a great relevance for organizational management. In the public sector, the Corporate Governance has gained a prominent role with the movement called New Public Management (NPM), started in the 1980s, during the Margaret Thatcher’s terms as British prime minister. This movement was intended to bring the methods and tools developed and employed successfully on the private sector for the public administration, in order to streamline the state apparatus, making its most effective and creating accountability mechanisms for the public agents actions in the exercise of his functions. In Brazil, these changes gained momentum during the government of President Fernando Henrique Cardoso, in 1995, with the reform of the state apparatus promoted by the minister Bresser Pereira. It was in this context that the Corporate Governance arises in our country. In 2000, the Bolsa de Valores de São Paulo – BOVESPA, established the Novo Mercado, whose goal was to create a high level standard of Corporate Governance in the brazilian stock market. Within this new context arise the levels of Corporate Governance (level I and level II), which, through a set of rules, aim to provide greater transparency on the management of companies that are subject to this system. The objective of this study was to analyze the feasibility of implementing the level I of Corporate Governance in the Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia de São Paulo, specifically on campus Hortolândia, a local school that belongs to the federal network of professional, scientific and technological education. To achieve this purpose, the present research deals with a case study, in which a descriptive-qualitative research was carried out through observations of the material obtained through semi-structured interviews and documentary research. Documentary research, based on the analysis of laws, normative acts and the institution’s statute allowed us to conclude that the institution has legal and normative bases that provide support for the implementation of this management model. In the semi-structured interviews, 12 individuals were interviewed, including members of campus administration, counselors and a manager who works at the Rectory. Through the analysis of interviews, it was also possible to conclude that the implementation of the Campus Council (CONCAM) has brought great progress to the practice of shared management within the organization, but that there are still several aspects to be improved to consolidate this management model in the institution, such as the improvement of transparency, accountability and social participation promotion tools, which enables the implementation of a corporate governance system with the characteristics of the BOVESPA's Corporate Governance Level I.
Envolvimento das espécies reativas de oxigênio e das citocinas na hipertensão
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2017-03-23)
Lauar, Mariana Ruiz
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Menani, José Vanderlei
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1023597870118105
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6789512496692512
Arterial hypertension (AH) is a multifactorial disease, characterized by increased levels of arterial pressure (AP) that causes an increased risk of coronary disease, stroke and congestive heart failure. Several studies have addressed the possible causes and mechanisms of hypertension in the attempt to seek new treatments for this disease. Studies have already showed the participation of oxidative stress, caused by increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the development and maintenance of hypertension. ROS like hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) are produced endogenously and may participate in intra- and extracellular signaling, including mediation of angiotensin II (ANG II) responses. Intracerebroventricular injection of H2O2 or the increase of endogenous H2O2 using the catalase inhibitor ATZ reduced the pressor responses to central ANG II in normotensive and hypertensive rats. In the present study, we investigated the effects of acute or chronic subcutaneous (sc) administration of ATZ on mean arterial pressure (MAP) and heart rate (HR) in normotensives, spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and 2-kidney, 1clip hypertensive rats (2K1C). We also studied the possible changes of autonomic modulation of systolic arterial pressure (SAP) and the pulse interval (PI), the renal sympathetic nerve activity, the baroreflex, the genic expression of inflammatory cytokines, components of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS), NADPH oxidase isoforms and microglia activity (CD11) in the hypothalamus in rats treated with sc ATZ. In addition, it was also tested the pressor response to noradrenaline or ANG II injected intravenously (iv), the hypotensive response to the ganglionic blockade with hexamethonium, food and water intake and urinary excretion in normotensive and hypertensive rats treated with sc administration of ATZ. Male normotensive Holtzman, 2K1C hypertensive Holtzman rats and SHR were used. MAP and HR were recorded in conscious, unrestrained rats, except in rats used to record sympathetic activity. The sc injection of ATZ (300 mg/kg of body weight) acutely reduced MAP in SHR (192 ± 4 mmHg pre-injection of ATZ vs. 173 ± 6 mmHg after ATZ) and in 2K1C rats (170 ± 8 mmHg pre-injection of ATZ, vs. 158 ± 13 mmHg after ATZ) for at least 4 h and also slightly reduced HR. Chronic daily treatment with ATZ (600 mg/kg of body weight/day) sc for 9 days also reduced MAP in SHR (ATZ: 172 ± 8 mmHg, vs. saline: 198 ± 2 mmHg) and in 2K1C rats (ATZ: 137 ± 12 mmHg, vs. saline: 181 ± 9 mmHg) without altering HR, the impairment of baroreflex present in hypertensive rats, food and water intake and urinary excretion. The treatment with ATZ sc chronically reduced sympathetic modulation of SAP in SHR (ATZ: 2.6 ± 1.2 mmHg2, vs. saline: 6.3 ± 3.4 mmHg2) and in 2K1C rats (ATZ: 3.2 ± 0.4 mmHg2, vs. saline: 7.6 ± 1.5 mmHg2) and PI, enhanced the parasympathetic modulation of PI in SHR (ATZ: 90.5 ± 4.5 un, vs. saline: 76.5 ± 7.8 un) and 2K1C rats (ATZ: 85.3 ± 2.9 un vs. saline: 68.6 ± 3 un) and improved the sympatho-vagal balance in SHR (ATZ: 0.11 ± 0.05, vs. saline: 0.35 ± 0.17) and in 2K1C rats (ATZ: 0.19 ± 0.05, vs. saline: 0.52 ± 0.09). Chronic treatment with ATZ sc for 9 days in 2K1C hypertensive rats also reduced the mRNA expression of interleukin-6 (IL-6) (ATZ: 0.80 ± 0.06, vs. saline: 2.32 ± 0.36 fold change), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and AT1 receptor (AT1r) (ATZ: 0.74 ± 0, 04, vs. saline: 1.19 ± 0.22 fold change) in the hypothalamus. ATZ chronically in SHR also decreased mRNA expression of IL-6 (ATZ: 1.17 ± 0.07, vs. saline: 1.53 ± 0.11 fold change), AT1r (ATZ: 0.81 ± 0.03, vs. saline: 1.0 ± 0.04 fold change), NADPH oxidase isoform NOX2 (ATZ: 0.85 ± 0.06, vs. saline: 1.52 ± 0.27 fold change) and the microglia activation indicator gene (CD11) (ATZ: 1.47 ± 0.06, vs. saline: 1.79 ± 0.08 fold change) in the hypothalamus. The injection of ATZ (300 mg/kg of body weight) sc in 2K1C hypertensive rats acutely reduced renal sympathetic nerve activity (-51.5 ± 10%) and the hypotensive response to iv injection of the ganglionic blocker hexamethonium (ATZ: -58 ± 5 mmHg; vs. saline: -106 ± 7 mmHg), without changing the pressor responses to noradrenaline or ANG II iv, in rats treated with sc ATZ. Therefore, the present results suggest that increasing the availability of endogenous H2O2 by the acute or chronic administration of ATZ sc produces anti-hypertensive effects due to decreases in sympathetic nerve activity that are associated with a decrease in neuroinflammation, AT1 receptor and NADPH oxidase mRNA and activation the microglia in the hypothalamus. These effects might result from an impairment of the central action of ANG II as demonstrated in a previous study (LAUAR et al., 2010).
Utilização de simulação termodinâmica para desenvolvimento de aços inoxidáveis modificados com boro conformados por spray : aplicações e limitações
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2017-03-23)
Lopes, Thiago Pama
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Zepon, Guilherme
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7924187202036614
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Bolfarini, Claudemiro
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9231627080617037
Stainless steels are outstanding candidates for applications in the oil exploitation at the pre-salt layer in Brazil since they have an excellent combination of mechanical and corrosion properties. Nevertheless, they have questionable wear resistance in case of more severe application conditions. Recent alloy developments from DEMa-UFSCar adopted a strategy based on boron additions to stainless steel processed by spray forming (SF). Boron additions lead to the formation of hard metallic borides and, in turn, improve the wear resistance. However, boride formation also induces other microstructural changes that, up to now, have not been systematically investigated. Additionally, recently proposed solidification models of spray-formed Fe-based alloys indicate that solidification in the deposition zone tends to follow the thermodynamic equilibrium. Consequently, this present work proposes a methodology employing a computational thermodynamic tool with the ultimate goal of developing Fe-based alloys with boron additions prepared by spray forming. This work focused on spray-formed duplex stainless steels modified with boron (AIDM) containing a hypoeutectic composition with a duplex matrix. The thermodynamic software (Thermo-Calc® 4.0) with the TCFe7 database was used. Firstly, experimental results of the superduplex and ferritic modified stainless steels with boron already described in the literature were used for validation of the computational tool. After this step, a methodology for the thermodynamic simulation was proposed aiming at finding a chemical composition that should lead to specific pre-established microstructural features in the AIDM. As means of experimental validation for the proposed methodology, the selected chemical composition was prepared by spray forming and the microstructure investigated. The results showed that all pre-established microstructural features were indeed achieved thus supporting the proposed methodology for alloy design. Therefore the application of computational thermodynamics seems to be an excellent resource for designing spray-forming boron-modified stainless steels.
Uso de múltiplos descritores com condições de contorno e visualização hierárquica em CBIR
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2017-03-23)
Real, Luiz Gustavo dos Santos
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Ribeiro, Marcela Xavier
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0300141044144026
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1929530054550945
Multiple descriptors have been tested and used in Content-Based Image Retrieval (CBIR) systems. Each descriptor consists of a feature extractor associated with a distance function. An extractor is generally suitable for representing a specific subset of images on a base. The boundary conditions are information used to detect this subset. The use of visualization in CBIR enables to represent pictorially the similarity relationship between the images present in the base, improving the user's understanding of the CBIR system, which can modify parameters to obtain better results. It is proven that the use of multiple descriptors with boundary conditions tends to improve the accuracy of CBIR queries, but there is no data on the impact that the technique generates on visualization. This work uses multiple descriptors with boundary conditions to generate a Neighbor Joining similarity tree-based view. Tests have shown that the quality of the visualization may be related to the quality of the query result. The more accurate the results of a query, the better the organization of the elements in the visualization. In the context of similarity tree, it was verified that the quality of the generated tree follow the level of precision measured in the query.
Interações ecológicas entre a macrófita invasora lírio-do-brejo (Hedychium coronarium – J. Köenig, 1783) e macroinvertebrados aquáticos de zona litoral: implicações na estruturação comunitária e herbivoría
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2017-03-24)
Saulino, Hugo Henrique Lanzi
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Strixino, Susana Trivinho
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1804083229761186
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8827103613582262
Biological invasions are the main cause of biodiversity erosion, which is widespread in several invasive species that have antropogenic interference as a key process. Invasive macrophyte species can shift structures of associated communities, and they can interfere in many ecological process in aquatic ecosystems. For these issues, macroinvertebrate taxonomic and functional analyses can show the ecological alteration processes that occur between macrofauna and these plant species. Through the surveys performed at the Fazzari reservoir (Universidade Federal de São Carlos), the potential impact of the invasive macrophyte white ginger lily (Hedychium coronarium - J. Köenig, 1783) on the taxonomic and functional diversity of freshwater macroinvertebrates dwelling the littoral zone of the reservoir was assessed. In chapters I and II of this doctoral thesis, habitat alterations caused by the white ginger lily are explored and its effect on the role of the habitat in aquatic insect assemblages is discussed. Chapters III and IV explore aspects of the resource quality of white ginger lily on associated macroinvertebrates. The final experiment also assess the implication of the resource quality provided by white ginger lily in the taxonomic and functional changes of herbivore species and their effect on macroinvertebrate food webs. The main impact of this invasive macrophyte species on the functional and structure assemblage of macroinvertebrates was related to habitat alterations caused because of white ginger lily’s faster vegetative growth. Its presence in the littoral zone seemed to show an important influence on the aquatic insect structure assemblages as well as on habitat losses. Through lower functional diversity indices and significant participation of predator larvae in the invaded reservoir banks, it was possible to infer that this invasive macrophyte promoted higher habitat complexity and lower band loss in the littoral zone. For its allochtthonous resource quality aspects, its leaves demonstrated better quality when compared with the native pickerelweed (Pontederia cordata – L.), which presents similar ecological characteristics. The higher quality resource of this invasive macrophyte was shown to be an important factor to generalist herbivore species, which differed in taxonomic composition of specialist herbivore species present in the native macrophyte leaves. Although invasive and native macrophyte species seemed to support similar macroinvertebrates structures, which were composed mainly of omnivore species, pickerelweed leaves, which are of lower nutritional quality, were shown to be unfavorable to the herbivore species. The leaf chemical traits of the native species, such as lower N% and higher P% and polyphenols, negatively influenced the herbivore functional richness, as well as caused a decrease in predator-prey rations in the food web structure. This indicated a bottom-up effect. The results suggest that the role of macrophytes in the habitat and resource quality provided by macrophyte leaf species has an important influence on the life history of macroinvertebrates and freshwater herbivores, which in turn directly interfere with changes in the entire macroinvertebrate structure. Additionally, the results highlight the importance of selecting native species with a high resource quality in restoration practices for freshwater biodiversity conservation.
Catching up ou falling behind? As transformações da estrutura produtiva brasileira em comparação a indústria internacional entre o período de 1995 a 2014
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2017-03-24)
Gomes, Guilherme Nascimento
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Diegues Junior, Antonio Carlos
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0594188577645269
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1661837972296115
The technological and economical changes observed in the last quarter of 20th century, associated with the tech-economical paradigm based on the microelectronic, built the bases to the resurgence of the Networking company, which has led to the global manufacturing redirection. In this context, this study aims to analyze the changes in the Brazilian productive structure from 1995 till 2014 using as benchmark for the comparative analyzes the productive structure of United States, Germany, Japan, China and Mexico. We also search to answers to the questions regarding the movements of catching up or falling behind of the Brazilian manufacturing industry regarding to the international frontier. Through an extensive set of indicators to the productive, technological and international commerce dimensions, we identify the economic sectors that are catching up and those which are falling behind. The results show that there have been losses in industrial value added, GDP and industrial employment in all the industrialized countries, suggesting a deindustrialization process. On the other hand, the capitalist periphery has become industrialized by receiving the strictly productive stage of the processes, especially China. The Brazilian coke, refined petroleum products and nuclear fuel sector stands out for presenting higher productivity compared to the USA, revealing a successful catching up made by a developing country. However, in the last years, the productivity of this sector has fallen down. This effect of falling behind is observed in general in the Brazilian manufacturing industry, especially in the typical sectors of the microelectronic paradigm.
Uso e cobertura do solo na capacidade potencial de armazenamento hídrico em microbacias
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2017-03-24)
Noronha, Maísa de
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Rizzi, Nivaldo Eduardo
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5902279243940396
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Valente, Roberta Averna
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1582627535733911
The forest cover influences on runoff, supporting the best water precipitation infiltration of rainwater than other land-uses and, it has interfered positively on the water availability. This way, the land-cover changes, which are caused by the unplanned use of soil have caused problems as the reduction in the surface water flow. In this context, the objective of this study was the evaluation of the water-storage potential capacity in watersheds, aiming at comparing the runoff in function of its land-use/land-cover. It was verified the hydrology watersheds through the Curve Number method, highlighting the runoff coefficient (RC) parameter. The hydrology parameters were produced in three humidity conditions, defining the relation between the RC and real flow rates, that were collected during one hydrology year. The result was the flow variation depending on the rain, however, it happened with the land-uses influencing differently in the watersheds hydrology. Thus, there were differences in the water availability for the watersheds and, that one with the larger amount of forest cover area presented larger flow for all hydrology year. The land-use/land-cover influenced in the water-storage and in the runoff response-time. The highest RC value was observed, for the watershed with the highest forest cover area, in the follow conditions: drought and dry, average humidity and, soil moisture value close to field capacity. The second watershed, that has lower area cover by forest than the first. Likewise, its flow was function of the rain and, the land-use/land-cover had influenced directly in the water-storage and in the runoff response-time
O ensino de sociologia na educação básica: relatos de educadores da rede estadual de São Paulo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2017-03-24)
Silva, Carolina Modena da
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Leite, Kelen Christina
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0993995005511082
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6616060349210475
This research discusses the teaching of Sociology in basic education and the numerous challenges for the consolidation of the discipline in high school were addressed. This research encompasses the historic construction of Sociology, from its main authors: Karl Marx, Émile Durkheim and Max Weber, and of some theoretical-methodological approaches and concepts, it also debates the social, political, economic, cultural and educational transformations undertaken from the advent of the capitalist system of production. The development of Sociology in the country presents itself with its main debates and some authors. The teaching of the discipline in high school is discussed through semi-structured interviews with some teacher from State Educational System, who has addressed their dilemmas, challenges, experiences and the workplace structure and Sociology teaching in Brazil.