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De um corpo tão gentil como profano : um arquivo jurídico sobre as prostitutas no Brasil (1940-2012)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2017-03-22)
Bernardes, Elizete de Souza
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Sargentini, Vanice Maria Oliveira
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1406919572611392
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1471567021751171
Cette thèse de doctorat s‟inscrit dans le cadre de l‟analyse française de discours et instaure une réflexion sur les modalités de la construction historique, dans l‟archive juridique brésilienne, du concept de « prostituée », en regard de sa relation avec le corps. Nous observons comment cette construction fait actuellement l‟objet de re-significations et supporte concomitamment les effets de mémoire des périodes antérieures : les énoncés entrent dans un régime de formation et de transformation, de mémoire, d‟appropriation, de mutations discursives. Au cours de ces dernières années, plusieurs lois concernant les femmes ont en effet émergé dans l‟archive juridique brésilienne (le statut de la femme mariée, la loi Maria da Penha, la loi sur le féminicide, etc.) et leur ont conféré des droits et une protection juridique. D‟emblée, une question intrigante se posait : comment certaines femmes (les prostituées) ontelles été objectivées dans l‟archive juridique, sur la base de leur corps et de leurs pratiques ? La problématique de la recherche se formule alors de la manière suivante : comment le discours juridico-légal, sur une période de « durée moyenne » (BRAUDEL, 1978), de 1940 à 2012, au Brésil, et dans son engendrement avec d‟autres domaines de connaissance, produit-il des vérités sur le corps de la prostituée ? Notre hypothèse de recherche est que des politiques de contrôle du dire et surtout d‟incitation au dire sur la sexualité ourdissent la trame du discours juridique. Les dires sur la prostituée suivront ainsi la trame du discours du droit sur son corps, en lui conférant un « effet de réel » et de vérité. En d‟autres termes, le corps sera considéré comme un objet discursif, et, dans une grande mesure, sémiologique (SARGENTINI ; CURCINO ; PIOVEZANI, 2011) : il est doté de signifiés et d‟effets de sens ourdis par le discours. Il s‟agit ainsi, pour chaque temporalité historique, de comprendre les énonciabilités possibles sur la prostituée et son corps, dans l‟engendrement du savoir juridique avec d‟autres discours qui le déterminent et le construisent. Le cadre théorique de la recherche se fonde sur les études inaugurées par Jean-Jacques Courtine pour la sémiologie historique du corps (2013 ; 2011 ; 1988), sur les considérations de Foucault dans la Vérité et les formes juridiques (2002) et l‟Archéologie du savoir (2013a), entre autres. L‟étude suit une méthodologie archéologique et le concept même d‟archive (FOUCAULT, 2013a), qui se composera d‟énoncés législatifs et d‟autres divers, l‟ensemble configurant un « domaine associé ». De surcroît, par le biais des mises à jour et de la nouveauté au sein de la répétition, nous cherchons à saisir comment les énoncés à propos du corps de la prostituée entrent dans un régime d‟événement discursif (FOUCAULT, 2013a ; GUILHAUMOU et MALDIDIER, 2004). Enfin, nous en venons à la thèse que le corps de la prostituée est utopique (FOUCAULT, 2013b), car il s‟inscrit invariablement dans un autre lieu – et se montre donc inappréhensible pour le droit. Le corps de la prostituée est l‟espace hétérotopique du désir, des fantaisies, mais aussi un lieu où le droit peut établir des règles et intervenir ponctuellement et directement.
Relação entre prioridades competitivas e estrutura organizacional: estudo multicasos em empresas do setor de autopeças de Sorocaba
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2017-03-22)
Oliveira, Lucas Gabriel Brito de
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Guimarães, Márcia Regina Neves
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9250214706491925
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0918373705963230
The production strategy has been considered important to obtain advantages over competitors. Its content is made up of competitive priorities and decision categories (or areas) that should develop such priorities. Among these categories, there is the organizational structure that should have characteristics that foster the priorities adopted by the organization. In this context, the present work seeks to identify which is the competitive priority of the companies in the auto parts sector of the city of Sorocaba and how the organizational structure can favor its development. Through a qualitative study, using the methodology of study of multicases, the organizational structures that favor the development of one or more competitive priorities were identified and compared. In the four companies studied it was observed that the competitive priority is quality. In these companies, the characteristics of the organizational structure that favor this competitive priority are the high degree of formalization of the activities, the decentralization of the decisions, training, the awareness of the leaders on the importance of quality, and the incentive to the formal and informal communication in the group work and meetings.
Desenvolvimento de procedimentos de preparo de amostras usando sistemas em fluxo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2017-03-22)
Marques, Thiago Linhares
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Nóbrega, Joaquim de Araújo
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8833989058164529
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0207548032522769
Sample preparation using flow and flow-batch systems were here studied. Initially, it was evaluated a microwave-assisted flow digestion system operated under high pressure and high temperature for sample preparation of solid samples of animal and plant tissues (bovine liver, bovine muscle, shrimp, spinach, tomato and orange leaves) and liquid samples of foods (apple juice, mango juice, whole and partially skimmed milk) for macro and micronutrients determination by ICP OES. The digestion efficiencies of glucose, glycine, phenylalanine and nicotinic acid solutions, which are compounds considered easy, medium, difficult and hard to digest, were 98, 63, 22 and 4%, respectively, in the selected conditions (500 W and 5 mL min-1). The developed microwave-assisted flow digestion system showed similar or better digestion efficiencies than other systems described in the literature. Most concentrations of elements determined in CRMs of bovine liver (NIST 1577b) and apple leaves (NIST 1515), which were digested with 6 mol L-1 HNO3, were in good agreement with certified values. Best digestion efficiencies of solid samples (ca. 90%) were reached when using a mixture of 6 mol L-1 HNO3 with 0.4 mol L-1 HCl. Using the digestion mixture composed by 3.7 mol L-1 HNO3 plus 0.3 mol L-1 HCl best digestion efficiencies were reached for fruit juices (ca. 77%), while for milk digestion was more effective (ca. 76%) using 10.5 mol L-1 HNO3. Macro and micronutrient concentrations determined in these samples agreed well with the contents determined by microwave-assisted acid digestion on closed vessels according to a paired t test for multiple samples (P = 95%). Alternatively, it was evaluated a flow-batch extraction system for online determination of macro and micronutrients by ICP OES. The best extraction conditions were reached using 50 mg of sample, 4 min of extraction time with 10 mL of 8 and 4 % (V V-1) HCl for plant and animal tissues, respectively. Quantitative extractions of Cu, Mg, Mn, Na and K were reached in 30 s for spinach leaves, while 4 min were needed for Ca, Ba and Sr. Bovine liver required 4 min of extraction time for all these analytes. These extractions conditions were applied for samples of plant and animal tissues and CRMs previously mentioned and the extraction efficiencies ranged from 80 to 117% for most analytes. According to a paired t test at a 95% confidence level there was no significant differences for most elements determined by flow-batch extraction and microwave-assisted digestion in closed vessels. The exception was Fe in all evaluated conditions for all samples since it is strongly linked to the sample matrix. Both flow systems were promising for sample preparation, but they still need to be improved for routine analysis applications. The microwave-assisted flow digestion system was effective for determination of a large number of elements, but it required sophisticated devices. On the other hand, the developed flow-batch extraction system is simple, but it is not applicable for quantitative determination of elements strongly linked to sample matrices.
Uma abordagem de desenvolvimento de software orientado pelos modelos de objetos persistentes e de negócio
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2017-03-22)
Santos, João Paulo Moreira dos
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Prado, Antonio Francisco do
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2668568143800755
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2474278895768267
The Software Engineering aims to support all aspects of software development, having as some of its challenges the reduction of delivery time and the improvements that facilitate the development of the software. Thus, it is necessary to create tools, methods and mechanisms that support and improve the software development process, including its maintenance, considering the changes of requirements over time. These maintenances can occur due to the evolution of technologies and the new needs of its users. In order to support the Software Development Process (SDP), code generation techniques and business process management have been widely used. With this focus, and aiming to improve the SDP, a set of techniques were researched which, combined, resulted in a development approach, whose bases are the Business Models and Persistent Object Classes and Code Generation. These techniques, widely used by developers today, integrated in the proposed approach, allowed to support and guide the developer in both the construction and maintenance of the software. The approach defines activities that should be performed during software development and employs the concepts, techniques, and tools that support those activities. The approach was evaluated through the development of an experimental study and it was verified that its use provided improvements in the time and facilities in the SDP, not only during the construction of the software, but also in its maintenance.
Relação custo/benefício de métodos de levantamento de fauna silvestre
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2017-03-22)
Fernandes, Tatiane Cristina Rech
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Verdade, Luciano Martins
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5737871911060351
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Galetti Júnior, Pedro Manoel
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7398754661670478
Projects that cause impact to the environment when complying with environmental licensing, besides obligations, must apply a survey and monitoring the wildlife. Although the constantly environmental legislation evolution, there is a large gap between the regulations and standards to apply these studies. The methodology choose that adequately answered the effects of the impacts caused by the enterprise is relevant to the proper orientation of mitigation and conservation actions, and also efficiently uses the invested resource, maximizing the costbenefit ratio. Generally in studies related to environmental licensing are used indirect methodologies for the survey of medium and large mammals. This work compares the cost / benefit of the methodologies for the survey of medium and large mammals traditionally used (i.e., footprint transaction of and camera-trapping) between to the trophic approach (i.e., diet studies). Evaluating the accuracy, precision (application of statistical concepts for these two terms), efficacy, efficiency (application of administration concepts), and diversity versus biocomplexity of three case studies that collected data from medium-sized mammals, relating the Benefits in terms of the information generated and the financial cost involved. The results suggest that the trophic approach methodology presented better results for accuracy, efficiency and biocomplexity, while the footprint transaction methodology obtained better performance in efficacy and accuracy along with the camera-trapping methodology. Finally, biodiversity results are possible with the three methodologies. Thus, a trophic approach is useful in the visual and molecular identification of predators and their prey, generating patterns of biological diversity and complexity of the trophic processes, allowing a better understanding of a given environment before and after human interventions.
Uma proposta metodológica para o ensino de óptica geométrica com o auxílio do software GeoGebra
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2017-03-22)
Souza, Diogo Emerson de
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Venezuela, Antonio Luís
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8722224671269332
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3829658898667003
Facing the students’ lack of motivation during Physics classes and the presence of new digital technologies that can aid and improve the teaching approach nowadays, this present work consists of proposing a methodology capable of promoting Geometric Optics learning, specifically for the Reflection theme, through the Geogebra software as a pedagogical resource. Based on the idea that computer simulations allow the development of several skills, involve concentration on the theoretical concepts and help to contextualize theory and practice, the official proposals (PCNs and Curriculum of the State of São Paulo) which aim to guide the teacher, indicating the necessary abilities that students must acquire when graduating high school were studied and investigated. A test was applied after the activities and we could verify a satisfactory result of the methodology.
Modernização do complexo agroindustrial canavieiro paulista e seus efeitos sobre a gestão do trabalho agrícola
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2017-03-23)
Reis, Leonardo Ferreira
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Alves, Francisco José da Costa
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9183120186518337
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Camarotto, João Alberto
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1427853773681255
This study aims to answer the following question: why do the arduous working conditions continue to exist in the agricultural work process of the Agroindustrial Complex (CAI) of sugarcane in the State of São Paulo, Brazil, even with predominance of mechanized operations of every production process? The hypothesis pursued is: to remunerate the productive capital inserted in the logic of the Flexible Accumulation Regime, the Sugarcane CAI of São Paulo state must raise productivity to extremely high levels, either by creating relative or absolute surplus value, forming conditions of hazardous work. To verify this hypothesis, we used two data collection methods: a) a qualitative one, with semi-structured interviews and field observations, and b) a quantitative one, through application of questionnaires to managers of the Human Resources Management of the sugarcane CAI, and data obtained from secondary databases of public agencies and private consulting companies. The results indicate that, with the mechanization of the sugarcane production, technological innovations were implemented to increase the productivity of all operations, which influenced the concrete work. In this process of productive modernization, there was a combination between predominant mechanized operations, and remaining manual activities, both with high productivity and hazardous working conditions. The manual activities became important to improve the quality of the production process, while the machines operation became central in the valorization of the capital in the CAI. This strategy imposes exploitation of labor at degrading levels, lowering wages, causing illness, and making workers extremely vulnerable to labor force control mechanisms. Payment based on production continues to play a central role among these mechanisms, but in a modern way with the inclusion of personal performance indicators, that is also the basis for selection and training strategies. The arduous working conditions is a characteristic of the Sugarcane Complex modernization process, because it is necessary to the productive capital valorization in this complex, reproducing the Flexible Accumulation contradictions in this complex.
Viabilidade de implantação do 1o nível de governança corporativa no IFSP – campus Hortolândia – sob a ótica do institucionalismo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2017-03-23)
Toledo, Davis Wilian Graciano de
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Pimentel, Andréa Eloisa Bueno
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9330438553830026
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1572489423763843
The Corporate Governance is current topic with a great relevance for organizational management. In the public sector, the Corporate Governance has gained a prominent role with the movement called New Public Management (NPM), started in the 1980s, during the Margaret Thatcher’s terms as British prime minister. This movement was intended to bring the methods and tools developed and employed successfully on the private sector for the public administration, in order to streamline the state apparatus, making its most effective and creating accountability mechanisms for the public agents actions in the exercise of his functions. In Brazil, these changes gained momentum during the government of President Fernando Henrique Cardoso, in 1995, with the reform of the state apparatus promoted by the minister Bresser Pereira. It was in this context that the Corporate Governance arises in our country. In 2000, the Bolsa de Valores de São Paulo – BOVESPA, established the Novo Mercado, whose goal was to create a high level standard of Corporate Governance in the brazilian stock market. Within this new context arise the levels of Corporate Governance (level I and level II), which, through a set of rules, aim to provide greater transparency on the management of companies that are subject to this system. The objective of this study was to analyze the feasibility of implementing the level I of Corporate Governance in the Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia de São Paulo, specifically on campus Hortolândia, a local school that belongs to the federal network of professional, scientific and technological education. To achieve this purpose, the present research deals with a case study, in which a descriptive-qualitative research was carried out through observations of the material obtained through semi-structured interviews and documentary research. Documentary research, based on the analysis of laws, normative acts and the institution’s statute allowed us to conclude that the institution has legal and normative bases that provide support for the implementation of this management model. In the semi-structured interviews, 12 individuals were interviewed, including members of campus administration, counselors and a manager who works at the Rectory. Through the analysis of interviews, it was also possible to conclude that the implementation of the Campus Council (CONCAM) has brought great progress to the practice of shared management within the organization, but that there are still several aspects to be improved to consolidate this management model in the institution, such as the improvement of transparency, accountability and social participation promotion tools, which enables the implementation of a corporate governance system with the characteristics of the BOVESPA's Corporate Governance Level I.
Envolvimento das espécies reativas de oxigênio e das citocinas na hipertensão
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2017-03-23)
Lauar, Mariana Ruiz
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Menani, José Vanderlei
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1023597870118105
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6789512496692512
Arterial hypertension (AH) is a multifactorial disease, characterized by increased levels of arterial pressure (AP) that causes an increased risk of coronary disease, stroke and congestive heart failure. Several studies have addressed the possible causes and mechanisms of hypertension in the attempt to seek new treatments for this disease. Studies have already showed the participation of oxidative stress, caused by increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the development and maintenance of hypertension. ROS like hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) are produced endogenously and may participate in intra- and extracellular signaling, including mediation of angiotensin II (ANG II) responses. Intracerebroventricular injection of H2O2 or the increase of endogenous H2O2 using the catalase inhibitor ATZ reduced the pressor responses to central ANG II in normotensive and hypertensive rats. In the present study, we investigated the effects of acute or chronic subcutaneous (sc) administration of ATZ on mean arterial pressure (MAP) and heart rate (HR) in normotensives, spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and 2-kidney, 1clip hypertensive rats (2K1C). We also studied the possible changes of autonomic modulation of systolic arterial pressure (SAP) and the pulse interval (PI), the renal sympathetic nerve activity, the baroreflex, the genic expression of inflammatory cytokines, components of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS), NADPH oxidase isoforms and microglia activity (CD11) in the hypothalamus in rats treated with sc ATZ. In addition, it was also tested the pressor response to noradrenaline or ANG II injected intravenously (iv), the hypotensive response to the ganglionic blockade with hexamethonium, food and water intake and urinary excretion in normotensive and hypertensive rats treated with sc administration of ATZ. Male normotensive Holtzman, 2K1C hypertensive Holtzman rats and SHR were used. MAP and HR were recorded in conscious, unrestrained rats, except in rats used to record sympathetic activity. The sc injection of ATZ (300 mg/kg of body weight) acutely reduced MAP in SHR (192 ± 4 mmHg pre-injection of ATZ vs. 173 ± 6 mmHg after ATZ) and in 2K1C rats (170 ± 8 mmHg pre-injection of ATZ, vs. 158 ± 13 mmHg after ATZ) for at least 4 h and also slightly reduced HR. Chronic daily treatment with ATZ (600 mg/kg of body weight/day) sc for 9 days also reduced MAP in SHR (ATZ: 172 ± 8 mmHg, vs. saline: 198 ± 2 mmHg) and in 2K1C rats (ATZ: 137 ± 12 mmHg, vs. saline: 181 ± 9 mmHg) without altering HR, the impairment of baroreflex present in hypertensive rats, food and water intake and urinary excretion. The treatment with ATZ sc chronically reduced sympathetic modulation of SAP in SHR (ATZ: 2.6 ± 1.2 mmHg2, vs. saline: 6.3 ± 3.4 mmHg2) and in 2K1C rats (ATZ: 3.2 ± 0.4 mmHg2, vs. saline: 7.6 ± 1.5 mmHg2) and PI, enhanced the parasympathetic modulation of PI in SHR (ATZ: 90.5 ± 4.5 un, vs. saline: 76.5 ± 7.8 un) and 2K1C rats (ATZ: 85.3 ± 2.9 un vs. saline: 68.6 ± 3 un) and improved the sympatho-vagal balance in SHR (ATZ: 0.11 ± 0.05, vs. saline: 0.35 ± 0.17) and in 2K1C rats (ATZ: 0.19 ± 0.05, vs. saline: 0.52 ± 0.09). Chronic treatment with ATZ sc for 9 days in 2K1C hypertensive rats also reduced the mRNA expression of interleukin-6 (IL-6) (ATZ: 0.80 ± 0.06, vs. saline: 2.32 ± 0.36 fold change), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and AT1 receptor (AT1r) (ATZ: 0.74 ± 0, 04, vs. saline: 1.19 ± 0.22 fold change) in the hypothalamus. ATZ chronically in SHR also decreased mRNA expression of IL-6 (ATZ: 1.17 ± 0.07, vs. saline: 1.53 ± 0.11 fold change), AT1r (ATZ: 0.81 ± 0.03, vs. saline: 1.0 ± 0.04 fold change), NADPH oxidase isoform NOX2 (ATZ: 0.85 ± 0.06, vs. saline: 1.52 ± 0.27 fold change) and the microglia activation indicator gene (CD11) (ATZ: 1.47 ± 0.06, vs. saline: 1.79 ± 0.08 fold change) in the hypothalamus. The injection of ATZ (300 mg/kg of body weight) sc in 2K1C hypertensive rats acutely reduced renal sympathetic nerve activity (-51.5 ± 10%) and the hypotensive response to iv injection of the ganglionic blocker hexamethonium (ATZ: -58 ± 5 mmHg; vs. saline: -106 ± 7 mmHg), without changing the pressor responses to noradrenaline or ANG II iv, in rats treated with sc ATZ. Therefore, the present results suggest that increasing the availability of endogenous H2O2 by the acute or chronic administration of ATZ sc produces anti-hypertensive effects due to decreases in sympathetic nerve activity that are associated with a decrease in neuroinflammation, AT1 receptor and NADPH oxidase mRNA and activation the microglia in the hypothalamus. These effects might result from an impairment of the central action of ANG II as demonstrated in a previous study (LAUAR et al., 2010).
Utilização de simulação termodinâmica para desenvolvimento de aços inoxidáveis modificados com boro conformados por spray : aplicações e limitações
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2017-03-23)
Lopes, Thiago Pama
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Zepon, Guilherme
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7924187202036614
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Bolfarini, Claudemiro
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9231627080617037
Stainless steels are outstanding candidates for applications in the oil exploitation at the pre-salt layer in Brazil since they have an excellent combination of mechanical and corrosion properties. Nevertheless, they have questionable wear resistance in case of more severe application conditions. Recent alloy developments from DEMa-UFSCar adopted a strategy based on boron additions to stainless steel processed by spray forming (SF). Boron additions lead to the formation of hard metallic borides and, in turn, improve the wear resistance. However, boride formation also induces other microstructural changes that, up to now, have not been systematically investigated. Additionally, recently proposed solidification models of spray-formed Fe-based alloys indicate that solidification in the deposition zone tends to follow the thermodynamic equilibrium. Consequently, this present work proposes a methodology employing a computational thermodynamic tool with the ultimate goal of developing Fe-based alloys with boron additions prepared by spray forming. This work focused on spray-formed duplex stainless steels modified with boron (AIDM) containing a hypoeutectic composition with a duplex matrix. The thermodynamic software (Thermo-Calc® 4.0) with the TCFe7 database was used. Firstly, experimental results of the superduplex and ferritic modified stainless steels with boron already described in the literature were used for validation of the computational tool. After this step, a methodology for the thermodynamic simulation was proposed aiming at finding a chemical composition that should lead to specific pre-established microstructural features in the AIDM. As means of experimental validation for the proposed methodology, the selected chemical composition was prepared by spray forming and the microstructure investigated. The results showed that all pre-established microstructural features were indeed achieved thus supporting the proposed methodology for alloy design. Therefore the application of computational thermodynamics seems to be an excellent resource for designing spray-forming boron-modified stainless steels.
Uso de múltiplos descritores com condições de contorno e visualização hierárquica em CBIR
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2017-03-23)
Real, Luiz Gustavo dos Santos
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Ribeiro, Marcela Xavier
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0300141044144026
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1929530054550945
Multiple descriptors have been tested and used in Content-Based Image Retrieval (CBIR) systems. Each descriptor consists of a feature extractor associated with a distance function. An extractor is generally suitable for representing a specific subset of images on a base. The boundary conditions are information used to detect this subset. The use of visualization in CBIR enables to represent pictorially the similarity relationship between the images present in the base, improving the user's understanding of the CBIR system, which can modify parameters to obtain better results. It is proven that the use of multiple descriptors with boundary conditions tends to improve the accuracy of CBIR queries, but there is no data on the impact that the technique generates on visualization. This work uses multiple descriptors with boundary conditions to generate a Neighbor Joining similarity tree-based view. Tests have shown that the quality of the visualization may be related to the quality of the query result. The more accurate the results of a query, the better the organization of the elements in the visualization. In the context of similarity tree, it was verified that the quality of the generated tree follow the level of precision measured in the query.
Interações ecológicas entre a macrófita invasora lírio-do-brejo (Hedychium coronarium – J. Köenig, 1783) e macroinvertebrados aquáticos de zona litoral: implicações na estruturação comunitária e herbivoría
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2017-03-24)
Saulino, Hugo Henrique Lanzi
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Strixino, Susana Trivinho
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1804083229761186
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8827103613582262
Biological invasions are the main cause of biodiversity erosion, which is widespread in several invasive species that have antropogenic interference as a key process. Invasive macrophyte species can shift structures of associated communities, and they can interfere in many ecological process in aquatic ecosystems. For these issues, macroinvertebrate taxonomic and functional analyses can show the ecological alteration processes that occur between macrofauna and these plant species. Through the surveys performed at the Fazzari reservoir (Universidade Federal de São Carlos), the potential impact of the invasive macrophyte white ginger lily (Hedychium coronarium - J. Köenig, 1783) on the taxonomic and functional diversity of freshwater macroinvertebrates dwelling the littoral zone of the reservoir was assessed. In chapters I and II of this doctoral thesis, habitat alterations caused by the white ginger lily are explored and its effect on the role of the habitat in aquatic insect assemblages is discussed. Chapters III and IV explore aspects of the resource quality of white ginger lily on associated macroinvertebrates. The final experiment also assess the implication of the resource quality provided by white ginger lily in the taxonomic and functional changes of herbivore species and their effect on macroinvertebrate food webs. The main impact of this invasive macrophyte species on the functional and structure assemblage of macroinvertebrates was related to habitat alterations caused because of white ginger lily’s faster vegetative growth. Its presence in the littoral zone seemed to show an important influence on the aquatic insect structure assemblages as well as on habitat losses. Through lower functional diversity indices and significant participation of predator larvae in the invaded reservoir banks, it was possible to infer that this invasive macrophyte promoted higher habitat complexity and lower band loss in the littoral zone. For its allochtthonous resource quality aspects, its leaves demonstrated better quality when compared with the native pickerelweed (Pontederia cordata – L.), which presents similar ecological characteristics. The higher quality resource of this invasive macrophyte was shown to be an important factor to generalist herbivore species, which differed in taxonomic composition of specialist herbivore species present in the native macrophyte leaves. Although invasive and native macrophyte species seemed to support similar macroinvertebrates structures, which were composed mainly of omnivore species, pickerelweed leaves, which are of lower nutritional quality, were shown to be unfavorable to the herbivore species. The leaf chemical traits of the native species, such as lower N% and higher P% and polyphenols, negatively influenced the herbivore functional richness, as well as caused a decrease in predator-prey rations in the food web structure. This indicated a bottom-up effect. The results suggest that the role of macrophytes in the habitat and resource quality provided by macrophyte leaf species has an important influence on the life history of macroinvertebrates and freshwater herbivores, which in turn directly interfere with changes in the entire macroinvertebrate structure. Additionally, the results highlight the importance of selecting native species with a high resource quality in restoration practices for freshwater biodiversity conservation.
Catching up ou falling behind? As transformações da estrutura produtiva brasileira em comparação a indústria internacional entre o período de 1995 a 2014
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2017-03-24)
Gomes, Guilherme Nascimento
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Diegues Junior, Antonio Carlos
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0594188577645269
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1661837972296115
The technological and economical changes observed in the last quarter of 20th century, associated with the tech-economical paradigm based on the microelectronic, built the bases to the resurgence of the Networking company, which has led to the global manufacturing redirection. In this context, this study aims to analyze the changes in the Brazilian productive structure from 1995 till 2014 using as benchmark for the comparative analyzes the productive structure of United States, Germany, Japan, China and Mexico. We also search to answers to the questions regarding the movements of catching up or falling behind of the Brazilian manufacturing industry regarding to the international frontier. Through an extensive set of indicators to the productive, technological and international commerce dimensions, we identify the economic sectors that are catching up and those which are falling behind. The results show that there have been losses in industrial value added, GDP and industrial employment in all the industrialized countries, suggesting a deindustrialization process. On the other hand, the capitalist periphery has become industrialized by receiving the strictly productive stage of the processes, especially China. The Brazilian coke, refined petroleum products and nuclear fuel sector stands out for presenting higher productivity compared to the USA, revealing a successful catching up made by a developing country. However, in the last years, the productivity of this sector has fallen down. This effect of falling behind is observed in general in the Brazilian manufacturing industry, especially in the typical sectors of the microelectronic paradigm.
Uso e cobertura do solo na capacidade potencial de armazenamento hídrico em microbacias
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2017-03-24)
Noronha, Maísa de
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Rizzi, Nivaldo Eduardo
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5902279243940396
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Valente, Roberta Averna
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1582627535733911
The forest cover influences on runoff, supporting the best water precipitation infiltration of rainwater than other land-uses and, it has interfered positively on the water availability. This way, the land-cover changes, which are caused by the unplanned use of soil have caused problems as the reduction in the surface water flow. In this context, the objective of this study was the evaluation of the water-storage potential capacity in watersheds, aiming at comparing the runoff in function of its land-use/land-cover. It was verified the hydrology watersheds through the Curve Number method, highlighting the runoff coefficient (RC) parameter. The hydrology parameters were produced in three humidity conditions, defining the relation between the RC and real flow rates, that were collected during one hydrology year. The result was the flow variation depending on the rain, however, it happened with the land-uses influencing differently in the watersheds hydrology. Thus, there were differences in the water availability for the watersheds and, that one with the larger amount of forest cover area presented larger flow for all hydrology year. The land-use/land-cover influenced in the water-storage and in the runoff response-time. The highest RC value was observed, for the watershed with the highest forest cover area, in the follow conditions: drought and dry, average humidity and, soil moisture value close to field capacity. The second watershed, that has lower area cover by forest than the first. Likewise, its flow was function of the rain and, the land-use/land-cover had influenced directly in the water-storage and in the runoff response-time
O ensino de sociologia na educação básica: relatos de educadores da rede estadual de São Paulo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2017-03-24)
Silva, Carolina Modena da
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Leite, Kelen Christina
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0993995005511082
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6616060349210475
This research discusses the teaching of Sociology in basic education and the numerous challenges for the consolidation of the discipline in high school were addressed. This research encompasses the historic construction of Sociology, from its main authors: Karl Marx, Émile Durkheim and Max Weber, and of some theoretical-methodological approaches and concepts, it also debates the social, political, economic, cultural and educational transformations undertaken from the advent of the capitalist system of production. The development of Sociology in the country presents itself with its main debates and some authors. The teaching of the discipline in high school is discussed through semi-structured interviews with some teacher from State Educational System, who has addressed their dilemmas, challenges, experiences and the workplace structure and Sociology teaching in Brazil.
Gestão de estoques e sua influência no desempenho financeiro: uma análise em empresas de manufatura
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2017-03-24)
Cotomácio, André Carrara
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Meirelles, Jorge Luís Faria
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0026759386506030
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/2074128686864231
There are many studies in the literature that have shown the relationship between stock levels and financial performance, through profitability indicators, mostly to US manufacturing firms. However, the influence of the stock and its discrete components (raw material, inventory, production and finished product) in shareholder wealth has not been determined, particularly in the case of companies in Brazilian industrial sector. The present study aims to assess how the maintenance of inventory levels may affect profitability, returns and share performance in order to maximize shareholder wealth. For this purpose, panel data regressions were applied for fixed and random effects, based on financial data from companies which represents Brazilian manufacturing sector, listed in the BM&FBOVESPA Industrials Index (INDX). From the concept that a correct inventory and working capital management are directly linked to a better financial performance, the results show that this hypothesis confirmation or refutation vary according to the financial and inventory management metrics used, respectively, as dependent or independent variables. Another conclusion is that shareholder value creation has greater influence or is better able to isolate the effect of a correct inventory management, when compared to profitability and return metrics, only if linked to raw material or finished products indicators. Although the divergences regarding the influence of inventory and working capital management on financial performance still persist, this is one of the first studies that discuss this issue for Brazilian companies, and more specifically, for manufacturing sector, which represent an important stock portfolio index in the country.
Mulheres da esquerda: política, memória e feminismos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2017-03-24)
Rodrigues, Thais Domingos dos Santos
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Mendonça, Viviane Melo de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4827331651090223
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9005065959336332
This master thesis had as its objective to analyze the relation among Feminisms and the political-party participation of women from left-wing. We start from the following interrogations: how are made the experiences of women into the dialogue between leftwing parties, Marxisms and Feminisms? How do these tensions and approximations between both, previoulsy pointed in studies, affect the political-party participation of Brazilian women, from historical and subjective perspective? Therefore, starting with such initial questions, the present study has as a premise the necessity to understand the conflicts, challenges and achievements experienced by Brazilian women into their political-party participations in general and, specifically, how it have happened after redemocratization of Brazil, in the 1980 decade, until current days. With the purpose of unveiling these questions and pointing possible answers, it has been chosen oral history as a methodology to access the production of these women memories, since they were left-wing party militants in the period after Brazil’s redemocratization, until the current moment. That time scale is valid because all the women who were interviewed experienced Collor-FHC-Lula-Dilma period inside militancy. It was intended in this study to make the evocation of those women’s memories to transmit the experience through the narratives. Such narratives were the object of analysis. Using oral history methodology, memories of women who live the daily routine of left-wing politics were registered, in purpose of making explicit the challenges, achievements and struggles related to them.
Modelo integrado reativo a perturbações em tempo real da programação da produção e controle avançado para um CSTR
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2017-03-24)
Costa, Eugênio Pacceli
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Figueiredo, Maurício Fernandes
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/4514898499279696
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Politano, Paulo Rogério
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/2967500107924242
Scheduling and Process Control layers traditionally operate independently in the production process in the process industry. Both the Academy and Industry have been making efforts so that the integration of these layers of decision offers alternatives for improvement in the productive process, while generating better operational results. In particular the determination of optimal product sequencing is sensitive to the transition times obtained from the control layer, which in turn are strongly dependent on the continuous process variables of a chemical plant. In addition, sequencing is also sensitive to (external) demand disturbances occurring in the Scheduling layer, and disturbances (internal) in the process variables, which occur in the control layer. Process perturbations can be characterized by fluctuations in the properties of raw materials or in variations in feed rates. Demand disruptions can be characterized by urgent requests or cancellation of orders. These disturbances may imply rescheduling. The contribution of this work is the development of an integrated model of Scheduling and Multilayer Control adopting the DMC control strategy for a CSTR multiproduct chemical plant. In the review of the literature, no integrated model of Scheduling and Advanced Multi-layered Real-Time Decision-Making for the treatment of demand and process perturbations of a CSTR chemical plant that generated rescheduling was found. Results of the computational simulation of scenarios of the model with several products in a hypothetical chemical plant allow to confirm the viability of its application.
Neurociência e educação infantil: para além da estimulação precoce
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2017-03-24)
Mascarenhas, Tárcila Santos de Souza
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Mello, Maria Aparecida
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8338726751746542
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8457653456720796
This scientific research is relevant for the development of intentional and quality pedagogical practices aimed at children from 0 to 3 years old. The contributions of neuroscience and the Cultural Historical Theory were the basis of this research and the research question that guided the study was the following: Neuroscience research can contribute to the improvement and quality of learning of children in Early Childhood Education in the range of 0 to 3 years? Based on this research question, we draw the following general objective: to develop a theoretical study on neuroscience research that focuses the teaching and learning issues in Early Childhood Education. The research is theoretical and was based on Marxist Historical-Dialectical Materialism and Vigotsky's Cultural Historical Theory. For the analysis of the data we used qualitative methods which allowed us to construct the final analyses. The results allow us to advance studies on child development, since it showed that the activity of stimulating children from their main activity can contribute to the potentiation of teaching and learning processes.
Produção de hidrogênio e metano a patir de glicerol bruto e cultura mista em reatores anaeróbios de leito fluidizado termofílicos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2017-03-24)
Costa, Talles Barcelos da
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Silva, Edson Luiz
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9720274214573371
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8440460530579863
The study aimed to evaluate the continuous production of hydrogen and methane under thermophilic conditions (55 °C) using crude glycerol as substrate and mixed culture. The first study aimed at the production of H2, and therefore, an acidogenic anaerobic fluidized bed reactor (AFBR) called RA was operated under hydraulic retention time (HRT) variation between 8 and 0.5 h while the affluent glycerol concentration was fixed in 10.0 g L-1. The results showed that the maximum content, 78.5% and H2 volumetric productivity, 1.46 L h-1 L-1, were reached in HRT of 0.5 h. The maximum H2 yield value of was 1.28 mol H2 mol-1 glycerolconsumed, reached in HRT of 1 h. The main metabolites related to high H2 production were butyric acid and butanol, but there was a high production of 1,3-propanediol in the HRT of 6 h, reaching maximum yield of 0.80 mol 1,3-PDO mol-1 glycerolconsumed. The second study, in turn, consisted in evaluating the influence of the adaptation strategy adopted in the operation of two methanogenic AFBR, RM1 e RM2. The RM1 was operated under affluent glycerol concentration variation between 1.0 and 7.0 g L-1, while HRT was fixed in 24 h and the applied organic loading rate (OLR’) variation between 1.0 and 7.0 kg COD m-3 d-1. The maximum content, 86.2% and CH4 yield, 0.47 m3 CH4 kg-1 CODapplied, were reached in the OLR’ of 1.0 and 3.0 kg COD m-3 d-1, respectively. The maximum CH4 volumetric productivity, 4.27 L d-1 L-1, was reached in the OLR’ of 7.0 kg COD m-3 d-1. At RM2 the HRT ranged from 36 to 6 h while the affluent glycerol concentration was set at 10.0 g L-1 and the OLR’ variation between 6.7 and 40.0 kg COD m-3 d-1. It was observed that the application of high TCO’ in an unadapted reactor, was shown degenerative to the production of CH4, due to the accumulation of volatile acids in the system. Thus, it can be inferred that crude glycerol, the main by-product of biodiesel biorefineries, can be used in the production of bioenergy (H2 and CH4) and valueadded metabolites, valuing the productive chain of this biofuel.