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Modernização do complexo agroindustrial canavieiro paulista e seus efeitos sobre a gestão do trabalho agrícola
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2017-03-23)
Reis, Leonardo Ferreira
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Alves, Francisco José da Costa
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9183120186518337
;
Camarotto, João Alberto
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1427853773681255
This study aims to answer the following question: why do the arduous working conditions continue to exist in the agricultural work process of the Agroindustrial Complex (CAI) of sugarcane in the State of São Paulo, Brazil, even with predominance of mechanized operations of every production process? The hypothesis pursued is: to remunerate the productive capital inserted in the logic of the Flexible Accumulation Regime, the Sugarcane CAI of São Paulo state must raise productivity to extremely high levels, either by creating relative or absolute surplus value, forming conditions of hazardous work. To verify this hypothesis, we used two data collection methods: a) a qualitative one, with semi-structured interviews and field observations, and b) a quantitative one, through application of questionnaires to managers of the Human Resources Management of the sugarcane CAI, and data obtained from secondary databases of public agencies and private consulting companies. The results indicate that, with the mechanization of the sugarcane production, technological innovations were implemented to increase the productivity of all operations, which influenced the concrete work. In this process of productive modernization, there was a combination between predominant mechanized operations, and remaining manual activities, both with high productivity and hazardous working conditions. The manual activities became important to improve the quality of the production process, while the machines operation became central in the valorization of the capital in the CAI. This strategy imposes exploitation of labor at degrading levels, lowering wages, causing illness, and making workers extremely vulnerable to labor force control mechanisms. Payment based on production continues to play a central role among these mechanisms, but in a modern way with the inclusion of personal performance indicators, that is also the basis for selection and training strategies. The arduous working conditions is a characteristic of the Sugarcane Complex modernization process, because it is necessary to the productive capital valorization in this complex, reproducing the Flexible Accumulation contradictions in this complex.
Viabilidade de implantação do 1o nível de governança corporativa no IFSP – campus Hortolândia – sob a ótica do institucionalismo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2017-03-23)
Toledo, Davis Wilian Graciano de
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Pimentel, Andréa Eloisa Bueno
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9330438553830026
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1572489423763843
The Corporate Governance is current topic with a great relevance for organizational management. In the public sector, the Corporate Governance has gained a prominent role with the movement called New Public Management (NPM), started in the 1980s, during the Margaret Thatcher’s terms as British prime minister. This movement was intended to bring the methods and tools developed and employed successfully on the private sector for the public administration, in order to streamline the state apparatus, making its most effective and creating accountability mechanisms for the public agents actions in the exercise of his functions. In Brazil, these changes gained momentum during the government of President Fernando Henrique Cardoso, in 1995, with the reform of the state apparatus promoted by the minister Bresser Pereira. It was in this context that the Corporate Governance arises in our country. In 2000, the Bolsa de Valores de São Paulo – BOVESPA, established the Novo Mercado, whose goal was to create a high level standard of Corporate Governance in the brazilian stock market. Within this new context arise the levels of Corporate Governance (level I and level II), which, through a set of rules, aim to provide greater transparency on the management of companies that are subject to this system. The objective of this study was to analyze the feasibility of implementing the level I of Corporate Governance in the Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia de São Paulo, specifically on campus Hortolândia, a local school that belongs to the federal network of professional, scientific and technological education. To achieve this purpose, the present research deals with a case study, in which a descriptive-qualitative research was carried out through observations of the material obtained through semi-structured interviews and documentary research. Documentary research, based on the analysis of laws, normative acts and the institution’s statute allowed us to conclude that the institution has legal and normative bases that provide support for the implementation of this management model. In the semi-structured interviews, 12 individuals were interviewed, including members of campus administration, counselors and a manager who works at the Rectory. Through the analysis of interviews, it was also possible to conclude that the implementation of the Campus Council (CONCAM) has brought great progress to the practice of shared management within the organization, but that there are still several aspects to be improved to consolidate this management model in the institution, such as the improvement of transparency, accountability and social participation promotion tools, which enables the implementation of a corporate governance system with the characteristics of the BOVESPA's Corporate Governance Level I.
Envolvimento das espécies reativas de oxigênio e das citocinas na hipertensão
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2017-03-23)
Lauar, Mariana Ruiz
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Menani, José Vanderlei
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1023597870118105
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6789512496692512
Arterial hypertension (AH) is a multifactorial disease, characterized by increased levels of arterial pressure (AP) that causes an increased risk of coronary disease, stroke and congestive heart failure. Several studies have addressed the possible causes and mechanisms of hypertension in the attempt to seek new treatments for this disease. Studies have already showed the participation of oxidative stress, caused by increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the development and maintenance of hypertension. ROS like hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) are produced endogenously and may participate in intra- and extracellular signaling, including mediation of angiotensin II (ANG II) responses. Intracerebroventricular injection of H2O2 or the increase of endogenous H2O2 using the catalase inhibitor ATZ reduced the pressor responses to central ANG II in normotensive and hypertensive rats. In the present study, we investigated the effects of acute or chronic subcutaneous (sc) administration of ATZ on mean arterial pressure (MAP) and heart rate (HR) in normotensives, spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and 2-kidney, 1clip hypertensive rats (2K1C). We also studied the possible changes of autonomic modulation of systolic arterial pressure (SAP) and the pulse interval (PI), the renal sympathetic nerve activity, the baroreflex, the genic expression of inflammatory cytokines, components of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS), NADPH oxidase isoforms and microglia activity (CD11) in the hypothalamus in rats treated with sc ATZ. In addition, it was also tested the pressor response to noradrenaline or ANG II injected intravenously (iv), the hypotensive response to the ganglionic blockade with hexamethonium, food and water intake and urinary excretion in normotensive and hypertensive rats treated with sc administration of ATZ. Male normotensive Holtzman, 2K1C hypertensive Holtzman rats and SHR were used. MAP and HR were recorded in conscious, unrestrained rats, except in rats used to record sympathetic activity. The sc injection of ATZ (300 mg/kg of body weight) acutely reduced MAP in SHR (192 ± 4 mmHg pre-injection of ATZ vs. 173 ± 6 mmHg after ATZ) and in 2K1C rats (170 ± 8 mmHg pre-injection of ATZ, vs. 158 ± 13 mmHg after ATZ) for at least 4 h and also slightly reduced HR. Chronic daily treatment with ATZ (600 mg/kg of body weight/day) sc for 9 days also reduced MAP in SHR (ATZ: 172 ± 8 mmHg, vs. saline: 198 ± 2 mmHg) and in 2K1C rats (ATZ: 137 ± 12 mmHg, vs. saline: 181 ± 9 mmHg) without altering HR, the impairment of baroreflex present in hypertensive rats, food and water intake and urinary excretion. The treatment with ATZ sc chronically reduced sympathetic modulation of SAP in SHR (ATZ: 2.6 ± 1.2 mmHg2, vs. saline: 6.3 ± 3.4 mmHg2) and in 2K1C rats (ATZ: 3.2 ± 0.4 mmHg2, vs. saline: 7.6 ± 1.5 mmHg2) and PI, enhanced the parasympathetic modulation of PI in SHR (ATZ: 90.5 ± 4.5 un, vs. saline: 76.5 ± 7.8 un) and 2K1C rats (ATZ: 85.3 ± 2.9 un vs. saline: 68.6 ± 3 un) and improved the sympatho-vagal balance in SHR (ATZ: 0.11 ± 0.05, vs. saline: 0.35 ± 0.17) and in 2K1C rats (ATZ: 0.19 ± 0.05, vs. saline: 0.52 ± 0.09). Chronic treatment with ATZ sc for 9 days in 2K1C hypertensive rats also reduced the mRNA expression of interleukin-6 (IL-6) (ATZ: 0.80 ± 0.06, vs. saline: 2.32 ± 0.36 fold change), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and AT1 receptor (AT1r) (ATZ: 0.74 ± 0, 04, vs. saline: 1.19 ± 0.22 fold change) in the hypothalamus. ATZ chronically in SHR also decreased mRNA expression of IL-6 (ATZ: 1.17 ± 0.07, vs. saline: 1.53 ± 0.11 fold change), AT1r (ATZ: 0.81 ± 0.03, vs. saline: 1.0 ± 0.04 fold change), NADPH oxidase isoform NOX2 (ATZ: 0.85 ± 0.06, vs. saline: 1.52 ± 0.27 fold change) and the microglia activation indicator gene (CD11) (ATZ: 1.47 ± 0.06, vs. saline: 1.79 ± 0.08 fold change) in the hypothalamus. The injection of ATZ (300 mg/kg of body weight) sc in 2K1C hypertensive rats acutely reduced renal sympathetic nerve activity (-51.5 ± 10%) and the hypotensive response to iv injection of the ganglionic blocker hexamethonium (ATZ: -58 ± 5 mmHg; vs. saline: -106 ± 7 mmHg), without changing the pressor responses to noradrenaline or ANG II iv, in rats treated with sc ATZ. Therefore, the present results suggest that increasing the availability of endogenous H2O2 by the acute or chronic administration of ATZ sc produces anti-hypertensive effects due to decreases in sympathetic nerve activity that are associated with a decrease in neuroinflammation, AT1 receptor and NADPH oxidase mRNA and activation the microglia in the hypothalamus. These effects might result from an impairment of the central action of ANG II as demonstrated in a previous study (LAUAR et al., 2010).
Utilização de simulação termodinâmica para desenvolvimento de aços inoxidáveis modificados com boro conformados por spray : aplicações e limitações
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2017-03-23)
Lopes, Thiago Pama
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Zepon, Guilherme
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7924187202036614
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Bolfarini, Claudemiro
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9231627080617037
Stainless steels are outstanding candidates for applications in the oil exploitation at the pre-salt layer in Brazil since they have an excellent combination of mechanical and corrosion properties. Nevertheless, they have questionable wear resistance in case of more severe application conditions. Recent alloy developments from DEMa-UFSCar adopted a strategy based on boron additions to stainless steel processed by spray forming (SF). Boron additions lead to the formation of hard metallic borides and, in turn, improve the wear resistance. However, boride formation also induces other microstructural changes that, up to now, have not been systematically investigated. Additionally, recently proposed solidification models of spray-formed Fe-based alloys indicate that solidification in the deposition zone tends to follow the thermodynamic equilibrium. Consequently, this present work proposes a methodology employing a computational thermodynamic tool with the ultimate goal of developing Fe-based alloys with boron additions prepared by spray forming. This work focused on spray-formed duplex stainless steels modified with boron (AIDM) containing a hypoeutectic composition with a duplex matrix. The thermodynamic software (Thermo-Calc® 4.0) with the TCFe7 database was used. Firstly, experimental results of the superduplex and ferritic modified stainless steels with boron already described in the literature were used for validation of the computational tool. After this step, a methodology for the thermodynamic simulation was proposed aiming at finding a chemical composition that should lead to specific pre-established microstructural features in the AIDM. As means of experimental validation for the proposed methodology, the selected chemical composition was prepared by spray forming and the microstructure investigated. The results showed that all pre-established microstructural features were indeed achieved thus supporting the proposed methodology for alloy design. Therefore the application of computational thermodynamics seems to be an excellent resource for designing spray-forming boron-modified stainless steels.
Uso de múltiplos descritores com condições de contorno e visualização hierárquica em CBIR
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2017-03-23)
Real, Luiz Gustavo dos Santos
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Ribeiro, Marcela Xavier
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0300141044144026
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1929530054550945
Multiple descriptors have been tested and used in Content-Based Image Retrieval (CBIR) systems. Each descriptor consists of a feature extractor associated with a distance function. An extractor is generally suitable for representing a specific subset of images on a base. The boundary conditions are information used to detect this subset. The use of visualization in CBIR enables to represent pictorially the similarity relationship between the images present in the base, improving the user's understanding of the CBIR system, which can modify parameters to obtain better results. It is proven that the use of multiple descriptors with boundary conditions tends to improve the accuracy of CBIR queries, but there is no data on the impact that the technique generates on visualization. This work uses multiple descriptors with boundary conditions to generate a Neighbor Joining similarity tree-based view. Tests have shown that the quality of the visualization may be related to the quality of the query result. The more accurate the results of a query, the better the organization of the elements in the visualization. In the context of similarity tree, it was verified that the quality of the generated tree follow the level of precision measured in the query.
Interações ecológicas entre a macrófita invasora lírio-do-brejo (Hedychium coronarium – J. Köenig, 1783) e macroinvertebrados aquáticos de zona litoral: implicações na estruturação comunitária e herbivoría
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2017-03-24)
Saulino, Hugo Henrique Lanzi
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Strixino, Susana Trivinho
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1804083229761186
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8827103613582262
Biological invasions are the main cause of biodiversity erosion, which is widespread in several invasive species that have antropogenic interference as a key process. Invasive macrophyte species can shift structures of associated communities, and they can interfere in many ecological process in aquatic ecosystems. For these issues, macroinvertebrate taxonomic and functional analyses can show the ecological alteration processes that occur between macrofauna and these plant species. Through the surveys performed at the Fazzari reservoir (Universidade Federal de São Carlos), the potential impact of the invasive macrophyte white ginger lily (Hedychium coronarium - J. Köenig, 1783) on the taxonomic and functional diversity of freshwater macroinvertebrates dwelling the littoral zone of the reservoir was assessed. In chapters I and II of this doctoral thesis, habitat alterations caused by the white ginger lily are explored and its effect on the role of the habitat in aquatic insect assemblages is discussed. Chapters III and IV explore aspects of the resource quality of white ginger lily on associated macroinvertebrates. The final experiment also assess the implication of the resource quality provided by white ginger lily in the taxonomic and functional changes of herbivore species and their effect on macroinvertebrate food webs. The main impact of this invasive macrophyte species on the functional and structure assemblage of macroinvertebrates was related to habitat alterations caused because of white ginger lily’s faster vegetative growth. Its presence in the littoral zone seemed to show an important influence on the aquatic insect structure assemblages as well as on habitat losses. Through lower functional diversity indices and significant participation of predator larvae in the invaded reservoir banks, it was possible to infer that this invasive macrophyte promoted higher habitat complexity and lower band loss in the littoral zone. For its allochtthonous resource quality aspects, its leaves demonstrated better quality when compared with the native pickerelweed (Pontederia cordata – L.), which presents similar ecological characteristics. The higher quality resource of this invasive macrophyte was shown to be an important factor to generalist herbivore species, which differed in taxonomic composition of specialist herbivore species present in the native macrophyte leaves. Although invasive and native macrophyte species seemed to support similar macroinvertebrates structures, which were composed mainly of omnivore species, pickerelweed leaves, which are of lower nutritional quality, were shown to be unfavorable to the herbivore species. The leaf chemical traits of the native species, such as lower N% and higher P% and polyphenols, negatively influenced the herbivore functional richness, as well as caused a decrease in predator-prey rations in the food web structure. This indicated a bottom-up effect. The results suggest that the role of macrophytes in the habitat and resource quality provided by macrophyte leaf species has an important influence on the life history of macroinvertebrates and freshwater herbivores, which in turn directly interfere with changes in the entire macroinvertebrate structure. Additionally, the results highlight the importance of selecting native species with a high resource quality in restoration practices for freshwater biodiversity conservation.
Catching up ou falling behind? As transformações da estrutura produtiva brasileira em comparação a indústria internacional entre o período de 1995 a 2014
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2017-03-24)
Gomes, Guilherme Nascimento
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Diegues Junior, Antonio Carlos
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0594188577645269
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1661837972296115
The technological and economical changes observed in the last quarter of 20th century, associated with the tech-economical paradigm based on the microelectronic, built the bases to the resurgence of the Networking company, which has led to the global manufacturing redirection. In this context, this study aims to analyze the changes in the Brazilian productive structure from 1995 till 2014 using as benchmark for the comparative analyzes the productive structure of United States, Germany, Japan, China and Mexico. We also search to answers to the questions regarding the movements of catching up or falling behind of the Brazilian manufacturing industry regarding to the international frontier. Through an extensive set of indicators to the productive, technological and international commerce dimensions, we identify the economic sectors that are catching up and those which are falling behind. The results show that there have been losses in industrial value added, GDP and industrial employment in all the industrialized countries, suggesting a deindustrialization process. On the other hand, the capitalist periphery has become industrialized by receiving the strictly productive stage of the processes, especially China. The Brazilian coke, refined petroleum products and nuclear fuel sector stands out for presenting higher productivity compared to the USA, revealing a successful catching up made by a developing country. However, in the last years, the productivity of this sector has fallen down. This effect of falling behind is observed in general in the Brazilian manufacturing industry, especially in the typical sectors of the microelectronic paradigm.
Uso e cobertura do solo na capacidade potencial de armazenamento hídrico em microbacias
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2017-03-24)
Noronha, Maísa de
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Rizzi, Nivaldo Eduardo
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5902279243940396
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Valente, Roberta Averna
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1582627535733911
The forest cover influences on runoff, supporting the best water precipitation infiltration of rainwater than other land-uses and, it has interfered positively on the water availability. This way, the land-cover changes, which are caused by the unplanned use of soil have caused problems as the reduction in the surface water flow. In this context, the objective of this study was the evaluation of the water-storage potential capacity in watersheds, aiming at comparing the runoff in function of its land-use/land-cover. It was verified the hydrology watersheds through the Curve Number method, highlighting the runoff coefficient (RC) parameter. The hydrology parameters were produced in three humidity conditions, defining the relation between the RC and real flow rates, that were collected during one hydrology year. The result was the flow variation depending on the rain, however, it happened with the land-uses influencing differently in the watersheds hydrology. Thus, there were differences in the water availability for the watersheds and, that one with the larger amount of forest cover area presented larger flow for all hydrology year. The land-use/land-cover influenced in the water-storage and in the runoff response-time. The highest RC value was observed, for the watershed with the highest forest cover area, in the follow conditions: drought and dry, average humidity and, soil moisture value close to field capacity. The second watershed, that has lower area cover by forest than the first. Likewise, its flow was function of the rain and, the land-use/land-cover had influenced directly in the water-storage and in the runoff response-time
O ensino de sociologia na educação básica: relatos de educadores da rede estadual de São Paulo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2017-03-24)
Silva, Carolina Modena da
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Leite, Kelen Christina
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0993995005511082
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6616060349210475
This research discusses the teaching of Sociology in basic education and the numerous challenges for the consolidation of the discipline in high school were addressed. This research encompasses the historic construction of Sociology, from its main authors: Karl Marx, Émile Durkheim and Max Weber, and of some theoretical-methodological approaches and concepts, it also debates the social, political, economic, cultural and educational transformations undertaken from the advent of the capitalist system of production. The development of Sociology in the country presents itself with its main debates and some authors. The teaching of the discipline in high school is discussed through semi-structured interviews with some teacher from State Educational System, who has addressed their dilemmas, challenges, experiences and the workplace structure and Sociology teaching in Brazil.
Gestão de estoques e sua influência no desempenho financeiro: uma análise em empresas de manufatura
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2017-03-24)
Cotomácio, André Carrara
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Meirelles, Jorge Luís Faria
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0026759386506030
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2074128686864231
There are many studies in the literature that have shown the relationship between stock levels and financial performance, through profitability indicators, mostly to US manufacturing firms. However, the influence of the stock and its discrete components (raw material, inventory, production and finished product) in shareholder wealth has not been determined, particularly in the case of companies in Brazilian industrial sector. The present study aims to assess how the maintenance of inventory levels may affect profitability, returns and share performance in order to maximize shareholder wealth. For this purpose, panel data regressions were applied for fixed and random effects, based on financial data from companies which represents Brazilian manufacturing sector, listed in the BM&FBOVESPA Industrials Index (INDX). From the concept that a correct inventory and working capital management are directly linked to a better financial performance, the results show that this hypothesis confirmation or refutation vary according to the financial and inventory management metrics used, respectively, as dependent or independent variables. Another conclusion is that shareholder value creation has greater influence or is better able to isolate the effect of a correct inventory management, when compared to profitability and return metrics, only if linked to raw material or finished products indicators. Although the divergences regarding the influence of inventory and working capital management on financial performance still persist, this is one of the first studies that discuss this issue for Brazilian companies, and more specifically, for manufacturing sector, which represent an important stock portfolio index in the country.
Mulheres da esquerda: política, memória e feminismos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2017-03-24)
Rodrigues, Thais Domingos dos Santos
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Mendonça, Viviane Melo de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4827331651090223
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9005065959336332
This master thesis had as its objective to analyze the relation among Feminisms and the political-party participation of women from left-wing. We start from the following interrogations: how are made the experiences of women into the dialogue between leftwing parties, Marxisms and Feminisms? How do these tensions and approximations between both, previoulsy pointed in studies, affect the political-party participation of Brazilian women, from historical and subjective perspective? Therefore, starting with such initial questions, the present study has as a premise the necessity to understand the conflicts, challenges and achievements experienced by Brazilian women into their political-party participations in general and, specifically, how it have happened after redemocratization of Brazil, in the 1980 decade, until current days. With the purpose of unveiling these questions and pointing possible answers, it has been chosen oral history as a methodology to access the production of these women memories, since they were left-wing party militants in the period after Brazil’s redemocratization, until the current moment. That time scale is valid because all the women who were interviewed experienced Collor-FHC-Lula-Dilma period inside militancy. It was intended in this study to make the evocation of those women’s memories to transmit the experience through the narratives. Such narratives were the object of analysis. Using oral history methodology, memories of women who live the daily routine of left-wing politics were registered, in purpose of making explicit the challenges, achievements and struggles related to them.
Modelo integrado reativo a perturbações em tempo real da programação da produção e controle avançado para um CSTR
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2017-03-24)
Costa, Eugênio Pacceli
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Figueiredo, Maurício Fernandes
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4514898499279696
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Politano, Paulo Rogério
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2967500107924242
Scheduling and Process Control layers traditionally operate independently in the production process in the process industry. Both the Academy and Industry have been making efforts so that the integration of these layers of decision offers alternatives for improvement in the productive process, while generating better operational results. In particular the determination of optimal product sequencing is sensitive to the transition times obtained from the control layer, which in turn are strongly dependent on the continuous process variables of a chemical plant. In addition, sequencing is also sensitive to (external) demand disturbances occurring in the Scheduling layer, and disturbances (internal) in the process variables, which occur in the control layer. Process perturbations can be characterized by fluctuations in the properties of raw materials or in variations in feed rates. Demand disruptions can be characterized by urgent requests or cancellation of orders. These disturbances may imply rescheduling. The contribution of this work is the development of an integrated model of Scheduling and Multilayer Control adopting the DMC control strategy for a CSTR multiproduct chemical plant. In the review of the literature, no integrated model of Scheduling and Advanced Multi-layered Real-Time Decision-Making for the treatment of demand and process perturbations of a CSTR chemical plant that generated rescheduling was found. Results of the computational simulation of scenarios of the model with several products in a hypothetical chemical plant allow to confirm the viability of its application.
Neurociência e educação infantil: para além da estimulação precoce
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2017-03-24)
Mascarenhas, Tárcila Santos de Souza
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Mello, Maria Aparecida
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8338726751746542
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8457653456720796
This scientific research is relevant for the development of intentional and quality pedagogical practices aimed at children from 0 to 3 years old. The contributions of neuroscience and the Cultural Historical Theory were the basis of this research and the research question that guided the study was the following: Neuroscience research can contribute to the improvement and quality of learning of children in Early Childhood Education in the range of 0 to 3 years? Based on this research question, we draw the following general objective: to develop a theoretical study on neuroscience research that focuses the teaching and learning issues in Early Childhood Education. The research is theoretical and was based on Marxist Historical-Dialectical Materialism and Vigotsky's Cultural Historical Theory. For the analysis of the data we used qualitative methods which allowed us to construct the final analyses. The results allow us to advance studies on child development, since it showed that the activity of stimulating children from their main activity can contribute to the potentiation of teaching and learning processes.
Produção de hidrogênio e metano a patir de glicerol bruto e cultura mista em reatores anaeróbios de leito fluidizado termofílicos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2017-03-24)
Costa, Talles Barcelos da
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Silva, Edson Luiz
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9720274214573371
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8440460530579863
The study aimed to evaluate the continuous production of hydrogen and methane under thermophilic conditions (55 °C) using crude glycerol as substrate and mixed culture. The first study aimed at the production of H2, and therefore, an acidogenic anaerobic fluidized bed reactor (AFBR) called RA was operated under hydraulic retention time (HRT) variation between 8 and 0.5 h while the affluent glycerol concentration was fixed in 10.0 g L-1. The results showed that the maximum content, 78.5% and H2 volumetric productivity, 1.46 L h-1 L-1, were reached in HRT of 0.5 h. The maximum H2 yield value of was 1.28 mol H2 mol-1 glycerolconsumed, reached in HRT of 1 h. The main metabolites related to high H2 production were butyric acid and butanol, but there was a high production of 1,3-propanediol in the HRT of 6 h, reaching maximum yield of 0.80 mol 1,3-PDO mol-1 glycerolconsumed. The second study, in turn, consisted in evaluating the influence of the adaptation strategy adopted in the operation of two methanogenic AFBR, RM1 e RM2. The RM1 was operated under affluent glycerol concentration variation between 1.0 and 7.0 g L-1, while HRT was fixed in 24 h and the applied organic loading rate (OLR’) variation between 1.0 and 7.0 kg COD m-3 d-1. The maximum content, 86.2% and CH4 yield, 0.47 m3 CH4 kg-1 CODapplied, were reached in the OLR’ of 1.0 and 3.0 kg COD m-3 d-1, respectively. The maximum CH4 volumetric productivity, 4.27 L d-1 L-1, was reached in the OLR’ of 7.0 kg COD m-3 d-1. At RM2 the HRT ranged from 36 to 6 h while the affluent glycerol concentration was set at 10.0 g L-1 and the OLR’ variation between 6.7 and 40.0 kg COD m-3 d-1. It was observed that the application of high TCO’ in an unadapted reactor, was shown degenerative to the production of CH4, due to the accumulation of volatile acids in the system. Thus, it can be inferred that crude glycerol, the main by-product of biodiesel biorefineries, can be used in the production of bioenergy (H2 and CH4) and valueadded metabolites, valuing the productive chain of this biofuel.
Avaliação de uma intervenção para prevenção da violência no namoro
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2017-03-24)
Priolo Filho, Sidnei Rinaldo
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Williams, Lúcia Cavalcanti de Albuquerque
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6962646759651464
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4997927772311378
This thesis is developed with four articles presenting the trajectory and development of an intervention to prevent dating violence among Brazilian adolescents. At first, a pilot study was conducted with 34 adolescents, divided into control and experimental group, evaluating their behaviors and the themes, duration and number of sessions of the intervention. The results of this pilot indicated a decrease in the violence practiced by the adolescents, measured by the Conflict Tactics Scale - Revised (CTS-2). After the pilot, the instruments had their instructions adapted and a questionnaire about attitudes on violence was added. The definitive study was performed consisting of an intervention with 94 adolescents randomly divided into control and experimental groups with pre and post-test collections. Participants responded to the standardized Brazilian Socioeconomic Status (SES), the Alcohol Use Identification Test (AUDIT), the Conflicts Tactics Scale – Revised (CTS-2), and a questionnaire on beliefs about violence. The experimental group placed questions about the themes in a sealed ballot boxes in the classroom to increase the participation of adolescents. These questions were analyzed and categorized qualitatively. Sessions on sexuality occurred with separation between males and females, with the facilitator of these sessions of the same gender of the group. The experimental group had follow-up data collections 3, 6 and 12 months after the intervention. Participants asked 117 questions during the intervention, and most part of those questions were related to sexuality, followed by social problem-solving and relationships. Males asked a greater number of questions related to sexuality, compared to the girls. Post-test results show a decrease in frequency of aggressive behaviors practiced and suffered for the experimental group, as well as the number of participants who were aggressive. The experimental group also showed a significant decrease in sexual violence practiced and suffered in the post-test, as well as in the number of adolescents who consumed alcohol. However, after one year the experimental group did not show differences in relation to the post-test, but all the frequencies were numerically inferior when compared to the pretest. Sexual violence remained significantly lower after 12 months of intervention for the experimental group. However, there was a significant increase in alcohol consumption after 12 months, especially among women. The results of the intervention point in promising directions for future research with Brazilian adolescents by presenting important decreases in violent behaviors practiced and suffered, especially for sexual violence. Therefore, future research should consider themes and presentation of this work, however, looking for ways to involve the school and families in a more effective maintenance of the aggressive behaviors after the intervention.
A formação de professores/as de arte em educação para as relações étnico-raciais : interrogando os currículos de licenciatura em teatro
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2017-03-27)
Reis, Monique Priscila de Abreu
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Rodrigues, Tatiane Cosentino
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8361431964064731
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6493021586914602
The research which resulted in this dissertation aimed to understand the manner the University is incorporating the racial-ethnic theme on the curriculums of the Arts degree course, specifically in two Theater degree courses, one from Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais and the other one from Universidade Estadual Paulista. This research fall within the wide-ranging debate which has as reference the Law 10.639/2003, attempting to understand how the future teachers of arts are being trained in the racial-ethnic relations and the teaching of Afro-Brazilian History and Culture. The methodology applied was the Grounded Theory and consisted of document and bibliographic research and interviewing researchers of the field and students who were about to finish their course. After the data analysis, important contribution was gathered to think of actions to (re)test and (re)plan the basic training of Theater teachers in such theme, searching for new contents and pedagogical-didactics that come from an ethnocentric education, mainly from a European aspect, and bring a more plural education on which the differences are appreciated, as well as different ways of conceiving and performing theater are contemplated. To that extent, the barrier-breaking between the university and the community shows up, on the data, as a central issue to new perspectives of training teachers.
Humanizar e expandir : uma genealogia da segurança pública em São Paulo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2017-03-27)
Marques, Adalton José
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Villela, Jorge Luiz Mattar
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8301325600502054
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4640452160891026
In this thesis, I examine the emergence of a democratic and humanist reasoning in the core of the public security thought, elaborated in São Paulo at the end of the Military Dictatorship. I try to explain how this reasoning, which I call the “triptych public security – democracy – human rights”, has not only made possible but also encouraged the expansion of the penal system (police, judiciary, and penitentiary sections). To do so, I organized the thesis in four chapters that follows this process. In the first chapter, I describe the inception of this democratichumanist concerns, presenting the discursive formations that prevent addressing the problem of criminality without enunciating the problem of marginality (poverty, unemployment, socioeconomic inequality). In the second chapter, I expose the way in which the democratic and humanist government of André Franco Montoro, sustained by these discursive formations, quickly abandoned his agenda of structural transformations for public security, gave way to controversial agenda for police forces (temporary arrest and Operation Pole), and also promoted the quantitative and qualitative expansion of the control institutions that he sought to democratize and humanize. In the third chapter, I examine a discourse line external to the Montoro government, although it continually reinforced it: the Sociology of Violence. Having more time to forge a robust reasoning, the Socioloogy of Violence coined its own theoretical enemy (the notorious thesis of the relationship between poverty and crime) defining methodological rules for research on violent criminality, and erecting the centrality of the institutional problem for democratic policies of public security. Finally, in the fourth chapter, I explained the way in which this democratic and humanist reasoning, made science by the Sociology of Violence, became the guidelines for the Paulista and federal policies of human rights and public security after the Carandiru Massacre. The policy of federalization of human rights, promoted by President FHC and closely followed by his co-religionist in São Paulo, Mário Covas, resulted in the intensification of incarceration and police expansion, mainly the militarized one. President Lula's next federal administration further intensified these policies, adding to them the grammar of citizen participation and creating the Growth Acceleration Program of public security, through which we came to live the apex of punitive developmentalism. Although the diachronic character of this thesis may suggest a historiographical approach to the material analyzed, I must say that it is an anthropologicalgenealogical construct, insofar as I consider the knowledge that has been buried in this process as adequate suspicions against the consolidated narratives.
Propriedades de armazenagem de hidrogênio do intermetálico TiFe processado por moagem de alta energia e laminação a frio sob atmosfera controlada
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2017-03-27)
Vega, Luis Esteban Romero
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Ishikawa, Tomaz Toshimi
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5726055117451807
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Leiva, Daniel Rodrigo
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6576844591900987
TiFe is a material of practical interest for hydrogen storage due to its absorption capacity of ~ 1.9 wt. % H at room temperature and the relative low cost of its constituent elements. However, this intermetallic requires a process of thermal activation to absorb hydrogen, in order to overcome the deleterious effects of the contamination of the material by atmospheric oxygen. Thermal activation processes can be long and complex. In order to avoid them, in this study two processing routes were designed: (1) mechanical alloying to obtain TiFe from the constituent powders, and (2) Cold Rolling under inert atmosphere of the intermetallic TiFe processed by arc melting. In this study, a new processing strategy was investigated: pre-milling Ti and Fe powders with the purpose of preparing superficially the milling vial and then a new milling of these elements in the presence of stearic acid. This strategy generated good material recovery after 2 hours of milling and low oxygen contamination. In addition to that, H-absorption capacities of 0.9; 1.0; 1.1 and 1.2 wt. % H2 (room temperature and 20 bar of H2), were obtained for processing times of 2, 6, 10 and 20 h, respectively, without using a thermal activation process. On the other hand, after cold rolling under inert atmosphere of the intermetallic TiFe processed by arc melting, it was observed a fast absorption of hydrogen (room temperature and 20 bar of H2) without the use of a thermal activation process, obtaining absorption capacities of: 1.4 wt. % H2 in the powder and in the flake after 20 passes and 1.4 wt. % H2 in the powder and 1.3 wt. % H2 in the flake after 40 passes.
Avaliação da resistência à corrosão localizada do alumínio em juntas dissimilares al-ti soldadas por fricção por ponto (FSpW)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2017-03-27)
Vacchi, Guilherme dos Santos
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8141224513975606
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Sordi, Vitor Luiz
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8364164402481940
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9208208180440064
The work evaluated the effect of the FSpW welding process on the aluminum surface in two overlapping welded joints, AA6181-T4/Ti-6Al-4V and AA5754-H22/Ti-6Al-4V. The microstructural changes were evaluated through optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and the mechanical properties were evaluated through Vickers microhardness mapping. The localized corrosion resistance as a function of the welding process was assessed through potentiodynamic polarization tests in a 0.01 M NaCl solution and 0.1 M sodium sulfate (Na2SO4). Additionally, immersion tests in NaCl and H2O2 solution (AA6181-T4) and nitric acid (70%) (AA5754-H22) were conducted to evaluate the resistance to intergranular corrosion. Optical microscopy revealed a recrystallization and recovery process in the heat-affected zone (HAZ) region for the AA5754-H22 alloy and a slight increase in grain size in this region for the AA6181-T4 alloy, resulting from the thermal cycle generated by the welding process. It was possible to observe the occurrence of the dynamic recrystallization process inside both alloys stir zone (SZ) due to the high temperature deformation of FSpW welding. Scanning electron microscopy analysis shows the presence of Al (Fe, Mn, Mg, Si) and Mg2Si precipitates in both alloys, and that the welding process stimulates a breakdown of these precipitates in the SZ. Potentiodynamic polarization analysis show that the corrosion potential (Ecorr) for all welding regions are similar. However, the SZ has nobler pitting potential (Epit) for both alloys. Immersion tests do not reveal the presence of intergranular corrosion in any welded region of the AA5754-H22 alloy, whereas for the AA6181-T4 alloy, presence of a slight corrosive attack on the surface of all welding regions was noted.
Análise da mobilidade, dupla tarefa funcional e quedas em idosos preservados cognitivamente, com comprometimento cognitivo leve e doença de Alzheimer
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2017-03-28)
Ansai, Juliana Hotta
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Andrade, Larissa Pires de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7334391500340646
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Rebelatto, José Rubens
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1684247449456330
Introduction: Recent studies reported mobility deficits and higher prevalence of falls in older people with cognitive impairment, even in mild stages of impairment. However, differences in mobility during simple and dual task situations between older people with preserved cognition (PC), mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) (mild stage) are still not clear. Sophisticated mobility tools and dual task activities with new, functional and challenging secondary tasks could be effective in identifying subtle motor changes. Moreover, a better understanding about the relationship between cognitive and motor changes and the fall risk factors in older people with MCI and AD could provide new knowledge about the physiopathology of MCI and AD and could help in better planning of screening, prevention and interventions of falls, MCI and AD. Objective: to analyze mobility, functional dual task and falls in older people with PC, MCI and mild AD. Method: The sample was composed by 40 community-dwelling older people with PC, 40 MCI and 38 mild AD. All volunteers performed an assessment, including anamneses, history of falls in the past year, cognition (Addenbrooke’s cognitive Examination-revised version and Frontal Assessment Battery), dual task (Timed up and go test-TUG associated with the motor-cognitive task of calling a phone number) and functional mobility (10-meter walk test and TUG). The TUG phases (sit-to-stand, walking forward, turn, walking back and turn-to-sit) were assessed using a system of movement analysis (Qualisys motion system). Still, the occurrence of falls was collected prospectively in a 6-month follow up using falls calendar and monthly calls in older people with MCI and AD. Sociodemographic and clinical, level of physical activity, functional status, functional mobility, cognitive and depressive variables were analyzed as potential fall risk factors. For statistical analysis, a significance level of α=0.05 was adopted and the SPSS software was used (20.0). Results: Older people with cognitive impairment (MCI and mild AD) presented more falls (retrospective data) compared to people with PC, and specific characteristics (place, consequences) about history of falls between groups were identified. Regarding dual task and 10-meter walk tests, only measures of dual task test distinguished older people with mild AD from PC and MCI and no measure could differ MCI and PC groups. In relation to functional mobility (kinematic data), all TUG phases could differentiate older people with AD from PC, except the sit-to-stand phase. The walking forward phase differed older people with PC from MCI, specifically on range of motion variables during stance phase. The walking back, turn and turn-to-sit phases distinguished older subjects with AD from MCI. Regarding the association between cognitive domains and mobility, different cognitive domains predicted the 10-meter walk test and the isolated cognitive-motor task measures among groups. The visuospatial domain was independently associated with TUG (total time) in MCI and AD groups and with the dual task test in all three groups. No significant associations were found between the walking TUG phases and cognitive domains in any group. However, executive function deficits was associated with impairments of transition TUG phases in the three groups. The visuospatial domain was identified as an independent predictor of turn-to-walk and turn-to-sit measures in the AD Group. During the 6-month follow-up, 52,6% of MCI people and 51,4% of AD people fell at least once. After multivariate analysis, the dual task test and the turn-to-sit phase were able to independently predict falls in older people with MCI and AD, respectively. Conclusion: The dual task test used was able to distinguish older people with AD from PC and MCI. The analysis of transition and also the walking TUGT phases separately is essential in the identification of mobility patterns among cognitive profiles of older people. Still, the findings demonstrate the importance of considering the influence of specific cognitive domains in daily mobility tasks in order to improve rehabilitation and prevention of cognitive and mobility disturbances. The prediction of visuospatial domain on postural transition tasks may provide insight into why people with AD have an elevated fall risk. The modifiable fall risk factors found can be used to detect risk of falls, as well as improving interventions for preventing falls in older adults with MCI and AD, with focus on exercises involving dual task and transition postural activities.