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Definição de parâmetros dimensionais de estacionamento para veículos de duas rodas – estudo de caso da UFSCar
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2017-04-27) Alves, Elien Jolo; Barreto, Douglas; Caron, Monica Filomena; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3408975195954782; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1878546685727097
Being a global phenomenon, the motorization process has advanced in the last decades and is characterized mainly by the increase of motor vehicles used in the individual transport. The evidence suggests the association of the process with the deficiencies of public transport, the model of urban land occupation and the economic policies to encourage the automobile industry in recent decades. In view of the aggravation of the national scenario, the new guidelines of the National Urban Mobility Policy were instituted in 2012 with the purpose of encouraging the use of collective transportation and non-motorized modes. In spite of representing an innovation, with admittedly positive propositions, several questions are raised, especially regarding the financing of infrastructure and the sharing of the costs of public transport and other initiatives aimed at urban mobility. The new legislation did not give due attention to motorcycles, as it saw them under the same conditions as cars and other motor vehicles, despite their recognized vulnerability. This is the reason why small safety initiatives in the use of this type of vehicle are important. It was verified that some parking spaces for motorcycles available on the campus São Carlos of the UFSCar have reduced dimensions or some difficulty for their access, besides the disproportionality in front of the offer of vacancies for the automobiles. The hypothesis was then formulated about the outdating of the parameters used in the distribution of the vacancies, dimensions and in the maximum slope of the floor, particularly in parking lots positioned outside the streets. The bibliographic review was applied to collect propositions regarding these parameters. A questionnaire was also sent to the municipal transit authorities, which allowed verification the criteria for the deployment of new parking lots. The case study was used to analyze the adopted parameters and was inferred by the veracity of the initial hypothesis. It was also verified that in the majority of the studied cases the size of the vacancies do not follow the recommendation of the regulator of traffic. It was found that the distribution of parking spaces between motorcycles and automobiles does not correspond to the proportion observed in the municipal, state and regional vehicle fleet. It was concluded that the specificities of the motorcycles were not considered in relation to the inclination of the floor of the parking lots. Based on the information obtained during the research, the proposals for adequacy for UFSCar parking lots were made.
Influência da laminação assimétrica nas propriedades mecânicas do alumínio AA 1050
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2017-04-27) Zanchetta, Bianca Delazari; Rubert, José Benaque; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1726311467903505; Kliauga, Andrea Madeira; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3527528295399928; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7054007213486508
Aluminum sheets are produced by rolling followed by annealing. However when submitted to deep drawing earing appears, caused by the plastic anisotropy resulting from the production process. After annealing the main texture is cube {001} , that is recognized as being the cause of this heterogeneity during deep drawing. The literature shows that when shear stress is applied in the deformation process, it leads to texture changes. In this study asymmetric rolling (AR) was used as a technique to produce shear. The shear stress is introduced by the different velocities between the upper and bottom rolls and in this study this was achieved by using roll radius relations (r1/r2) of 1,5 and 2. Rolling reductions of 50% in thickness were applied to aluminum AA1050 sheets. The conventional rolling (CR) was compared to the asymmetric rolling (AR), at two different reduction rates: 5% and 10%. The crystallographic textures were obtained by xray diffraction. Finite element analysis, using the DEFORM software, was used to analyze the effective strain distribution throughout the thickness as well as its components: normal strain, shear strain and rigid body rotation. The samples were annealed in a furnace with 350°C for 05, 10, 15, 20 and 60 minutes. The microstructure was characterized by optical microscopy, electron back scatter diffraction and x-ray diffraction. The plastic anisotropy (Lankford Parameter) was measured by tensile experiments at three different sheet directions and by the Erichsen test. The deformed samples’ microstructure was analyzed at the surface near to the upper roll and at half of the thickness. For the CR the main components were brass (Bs) {011} , Goss (Gs) {011} and copper (Cu) {112} , with 8.8 intensity at the central layer, and 4.5 at the surface. For AR samples the was more random at the surface of the samples with 5% of reduction per pass, added to a component of rotation in the normal direction, what resulted in cube and rotated cube textures or near to these orientations, generating a type of fiber {100}//ND. The maximum intensities for the (r1/r2) of 1,5 and 2 were 3 and 4, respectively. For the samples with 10% of reduction per pass the rolled texture was still presented, with a more intense rotation in the transversal direction related to the rolling direction and shear texture components {100}//ND and . The maximum intensities were 3 and 3.5 , for the (r1/r2) of 1,5 and 2, respectively. In the center layer of the samples with 5% of reduction per pass for (r1/r2) of 1,5 and 2 showed a intensity of 5.26 and 6.56, respectively and the strongest shear texture was rotated Goss (C). (011)[0-1- 1] The samples with 10% reduction per pass showed the greatest reduction of intensity with 3.05 and 3.63, for the (r1/r2) of 1,5 and 2 respectively, and the highest intensity was related to rotate the Goss (011)[0-1-1] component. In the pole figures rotations around the transversal direction (TD) and the normal direction (ND) were observed. Using the finite element analysis the rotation around the TD and ND were quantified and its variation across the thickness were analyzed. The rigid body rotation is superposed to shear , which leads to the observed texture gradients. The rotation around TD is imposed by the velocity difference between top and bottom roll, whereas the ND rotation is imposed by the experimental configuration, which permit variation of the sample alignment at the roll mill entrance. This was stronger for the 5% reduction rate and more concentrated at the samples surface. After 05 minutes the annealed samples were already recrystallized , after 60 minutes the grain average size was 30µm, and hardness 21HV. The annealed texture for the CR sample showed the greatest concentration off Cube texture {001} and intensity of 8.08 times the random. For the AR samples with 5% reduction per pass the intensities for the (r1/r2) of 1,5 and 2 was 5.88 and 6.56, respectively, and for the 10% reduction per pass 2.96 and 2.85, respectively. The AR decreases the annealed texture. In the samples of 5% reduction per pass the most intense shear texture was rotated Goss, the 10% reduction per pass did not have a predominant component. The Lankford parameters showed less anisotropy for the annealed samples with 10% reduction per pass. Based on the values of anisotropy and hardening exponent for each sample, the Limiting Rate of Drawing was calculated. The AR got a superior values than the CR ones, indicating an improvement of the drawability.
Influência da anodização pulsada nas propriedades da alumina anódica porosa (AAP)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2017-04-27) Santos, Caio Guilherme Pereira dos; Trivinho-Strixino, Francisco; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9740223649776400; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2393640403034076
Porous anodic alumina can be obtained, in addition to conventional methods such as potentiostatic and galvanostatic, or by pulsed method. Among these are the methods of discontinuous pulse, hybrid pulse and polarized pulse methods. The structures formed by these methods can be applied to sensors and photonic materials. In this work the influences of the pulse parameters for the porous anodic alumina were investigated by polarized pulse potentiostatic anodization. Data analysis was presented from the duty cycle seen in the literature, which provides important information about the structure formed for the applied conditions and, in addition, new ways of analyzing the data related to the pulse, such as the analysis of the potential difference and the pulse frequency, this latter complementing the analysis of the duty cycle. As a result it was possible to observe that the porous anodic alumina thickness obtained is proportional to the duty cycle applied, where the higher duty cycle, the greater the thickness obtained. From the potential difference, the differences in the morphological and optical parameters could be analyzed by the influence of the negative minimum voltage applied during the pulsed anodization. The pulse frequency, also discussed in this work, was used to analyze different pulse periods for the same duty cycle, demonstrating that can be obtained structures with different values by varying the value of the pulse frequency. For the porosity calculation, an application was developed that helped to obtain the pore distance, which is one of the variables used to calculate the porosity. With the porosity values, the effective refractive index of each sample was calculated to find the effective optical thickness (EOT) and, finally, the thickness of the obtained anodic alumina film.
Sistemas de manejo e variedades de cana-de-açúcar na composição da vinhaça de cachaça de alambique
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2017-04-27) Mattos, Danilo Sidney; Ceccato-Antonini, Sandra Regina; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7600793543184032; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4021511723399773
The productive chain of the alembic cachaca is one of the most promising in the developing agroindustry in Brazil. The vinasse is the main waste of the productive activity, due to the large volume generated. The environmental dynamics demands the reuse of industrial wastes, but such use may lead to situations of environmental pollution when the wastes are poorly handled or applied in excessive amounts. In addition, there are a few studies that evaluate the composition of vinasses derived from the production of cachaça and its suitability to the fertigation. In this context, the present work aimed to evaluate the influence of the sugarcane management and variety on the composition of the vinasse from alembic cachaça. A randomized block design was utilized in a factorial 3X3, with three varieties (RB867515, RB966928 and RB855453) and three cane managements (conventional, organic and control). The experiment had four repetitions for each management and variety, with 9 treatments and 36 parcels in the totality. The samples of vinasse were evaluated for pH and concentrations of macronutrients and micronutrients (Carbon, Nitrogen, Carbon/Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Potassium, Calcium, Magnesium, Sulfur, Iron, Copper, Manganese and Zinc). The results were submitted to analysis of variance (ANOVA) and when differences were significant, Tukey´s test was applied by using Assistat program. There was significant effect of the management (organic and conventional) only on three elements of the vinasse composition, C, K and Mg, the highest concentrations were observed in the vinasse coming from conventional cane management. Regarding cane variety, there was significant effect only on Ca and Mg in the variety RB867515 and RB855453, respectively. The conclusion is that the sugarcane management and the variety had a little influence on the vinasse composition from alembic cachaça. The vinasse composition varied more in accordance with the conditions of distillation of the fermented must for the production of cachaça. The vinasses obtained in the present work, regardless the cane management and variety, presented composition rich in macronutrients and micronutrients when compared to the cachaça or ethanol vinasse compositions reported in literature, featuring N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, Fe and Cu.
Diretrizes para a elaboração de projetos urbanos de impacto ambiental reduzido : aplicação no município de São Carlos, SP
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2017-04-27) Tão, Nícolas Guerra Rodrigues; Silva, Ricardo Siloto da; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5346985934880710; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3494961387147725
The cities are under a process of constant expansion, which generates degradation of the natural system. However, economic progress and the cities growth depends on the stability of ecosystems as a way to supply resources for human activities. Some urban planning models and approaches were designed in different contexts and scales as a way to build more harmonious cities within their natural environment, also to compose a set of inspiring theories and practices to promote advances in this scenario for the Brazilian cities. In the search to match the development of urban systems and the balance of natural ecosystems, this research aims to structure criteria and guidelines to guide the development of reduced environmental impact urban projects. To analyze this potential, it is suggested their application in peri-urban expansion zones of São Carlos (São Paulo State). Additionally, urban instruments and regulations will be analyzed regarding the potential application of the proposal, through a research protocol. For the criteria and guidelines by itself, it is expected that a critical analyze of its application could, in some way, contribute to the development of reduced environmental impact in urban projects.