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Estudo taxonômico das espécies de Heterospilus Haliday, 1836 (Hymenoptera, Braconidae: Doryctinae) em área de cerrado do Estado de São Paulo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2017-06-06)
Santiago, Diogo Fernandes
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Dias, Angélica Maria Penteado Martins
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8637344058859147
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7073246014942522
Taxonomy and systematics are fundamental Sciences for categorization, description of species and how they relate and are distributed throughout the planet. Hymenoptera parasitoids are considered as the major components of the vast majority of terrestrial ecosystems with approximately 20% of all insects, comprising the most common group of the order Hymenoptera. The species of Heterospilus Haliday were captured in the cerrado stricto sensu area at the Estação Ecológica de Itirapina, Brotas, SP, using Moericke traps for a period of two years, from July 2013 to September 2014. A total of 324 specimens were collected, Doryctinae being the most abundant subfamily, probably to the method of capture used, since most of its hosts are found together in the soil. The total abundance of the collected material was higher in the rainy season, probably due to climatic variation and variation in the availability of food resources. There are nine different species for the group of granulated vertex, eighteen with striated vertex and none with smooth vertex, totaling twenty-seven, representing 6.7% of the total of species described worldwide, which can be considered high compared to what has already been described. The Cerrado, despite being a highly deforested Biome, presented a large number of new species, with the most frequent that with striated vertex
Estudos ecológicos da comunidade planctônica de vinte e cinco ecossistemas aquáticos temporários tropicais
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2017-06-06)
Passos, Rodrigo Ferroni
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Melão, Maria da Graça Gama
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8342306603661310
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4032882355970828
Ecological studies were carried out in twenty-five natural temporary aquatic environments, located in the cities of Urucuia, Lagoa Grande and Pirapora, in the north and northwest of the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. In each environment, collections were carried out in April 2015, May 2016 and January 2017, during which limnological variables were measured and samples from the phytoplankton (qualitative) and zooplankton (qualitative and quantitative) communities, as well as from sediment, were collected. Experiments were also carried out in the laboratory to evaluate the effects of different temperatures and luminosity on the hatching of diapause eggs of zooplankton species present in these environments. In general, the values obtained for the physical and chemical variables of the studied environments were in a favorable range to the development of the phytoplankton community. However the low concentration of chlorophyll a and the low richness of phytoplankton species may be reflections of the low water transparency, and the turbidity may limit the growth of the phytoplankton. Qualitative and quantitative analyzes of the zooplankton community indicated low species richness in these ponds. Although Rotifera presented a greater richness of taxa, Copepoda Cyclopoida was the most abundant and numerically representative group. The presence or absence of the Anostraca Dendrocephalus brasiliensis does not seem to interfere in the composition and density of the zoplanktonic community. Species richness and local diversity should be related to disturbances and environmental dynamics. The results obtained in the experiment of hatching of zooplankton diapause eggs showed that the different ponds have similar hatching values, and low temperatures (20°C) and absence of light have a negative influence on hatching these eggs. In addition, it was observed that higher temperatures (35°C) accelerated the hatching of the diapause eggs during the first days of incubation. Thus we can infer that, in general, zooplankton community present in all the studied temporary aquatic environments behave in a similar way.
Política externa americana no pós-guerra fria : como se posicionam democratas e republicanos?
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2017-06-07)
Contrera, Flávio
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Braga, Maria do Socorro Sousa
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2311094074614215
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8376542572229961
The starting point of this thesis is the understanding of the theoretical perspective of the new institutionalism of the rational choice that the behavior of the parties can be considered an optimal adaptation to an institutional environment. We sought to demonstrate that the American foreign policy was set up after the end of the Cold War as a game (considering one arena) or a set of games (considering multiple arenas), restricted to only two parties, within a space of competition in which they employ centripetal/moderate or centrifugal/ideological strategies in order to obtain political victories. We found that the parties sought both political victories and the manifestation of ideological positions in all arenas. These positions characterized the Democratic Party as center-liberal and the Republican Party as center-conservative in the ideological spectrum of the foreign policy. However, in specific political contexts, the parties have made ideological inflections in order to obtain only victories. These inflections can be explained by variations on the perception of external threat, on the evaluation of the presidential administration, on the degree of control of the Executive over the Legislative, on the composition of the Executive's foreign policy Office, and on the ideological alignment of public opinion. In fact, the parties presented different behaviors in each of the arenas. They were most contentious in the electoral arena than in others. This difference suggests that parties have used seemingly sub-optimal strategies. However, we demonstrate that these strategies rationally express the functions that the parties assume in each of the arenas, being an optimized response to the strategic interaction between them and the political context.
Geometridae (Lepidoptera) e Hymenoptera parasitoides em área de Mata Estacional Semidecídua na Estação Ecológica de Jataí, Luiz Antônio - SP
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2017-06-07)
Geraldo, Mariana
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Penteado-Dias, Angélica Maria
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8637344058859147
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Dias Filho, Manoel Martins
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1346547036069954
Larvae of Geometridae (Lepidoptera) were obtained with an entomological umbrella, from October 2013 to September 2015, in two areas of semi-deciduous forest (Mata/Cerradão and Mata) at Estação Ecológica de Jataí, Luiz Antônio, São Paulo state. The larvae of Geometridae were kept in the laboratory until the adult or parasitoid emergence. Especimens of the families Braconidae and Ichneumonidae were obtained, from January 2014 to February 2015, with two Malaise traps located in the same local of collection of Geometridae larvae. The material obtained in the Malaise traps was sorted, the individuals of the families Braconidae and Ichneumonidae were identified in subfamily level and the Microgastrinae, Cheloninae and Rogadinae, Campopleginae and Mesochorinae subfamilies were identified at the genus level. A total of 416 larvae of Geometridae weas collected, 190 in the Mata/Cerradão stretch and 226 in the Mata stretch, of which, 52 and 39, respectively, were parasitized. Among the Geometridae, the subfamily Ennominae was represented by individuals of 14 genera (Argyrotome, Glena, Hymenomima, Iridopsis, Ischnopteris, Lomographa, Macaria, Nepheloleuca, Patalene, Phrygionis, Physocleora, Prochoerodes, Rhomboptila and Trotopera), the subfamily Larentiinae by four (Eubaphe, Eupithecia, Euphyia and Pterocypha) and the subfamily Sterrhinae by two (Cyclophora and Idaea). A total of 91 larvae of Geometridae, from 11 genera, were obtained parasitized by 198 parasitoids. The parasitoids obtained belong to the families Braconidae, Ichneumonidae, Eulophidae and Diptera. The Malaise traps provided 2720 individuals of the Ichneumonoidea superfamily, of these 1210 are Braconidae and 1510 are Ichneumonidae, in the Mata/Cerradão stretch, and 702 in the Mata stretch, of which 214 individuals of the Braconidae family and 488 individuals of the Ichneumonidae family. Among the Braconidae, the subfamily Microgastrinae was the most abundant, with 44.5% of individuals in the Mata/Cerradão stretch and 31.8% in the Mata stretch. Eighteen genera of Microgastrinae were recorded (Alphomelon, Apanteles, Choeras, Cotesia, Diolcogaster, Distatrix, Glyptapanteles, Hypomicrogaster, Iconella, Microplitis, Papanteles, Parapanteles, Pholetesor, Prasmodon, Promicrogaster, Protapanteles, Pseudapanteles and Rasivalva), five of Rogadinae (Aleiodes, Choreborogas, Rogas, Stiropius and Yelicones) and four of Cheloninae (Ascogaster, Chelonus, Microchelonus and Phanerotoma). Between the Ichneumonidae collected, 161 individuals were obtained from the subfamily Campopleginae in the Mata/Cerradão stretch and 35 in the Mata stretch. The genera of Campopleginae obtained were Campoletis, Campoplex, Casinaria, Charops, Cryptophion, Cymodusa, Diadegma, Dusona, Hyposoter, Microcharops and Venturia.
Desenvolvimento de procedimentos para a síntese e caracterização de catalisadores e de biodiesel
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2017-06-08)
Gonçalves, Alexandra Mary
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Assaf, José Mansur
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9563312407691130
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Nogueira, Ana Rita de Araújo
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7034773971317045
ABO3 basic catalysts were synthesized by the nitrate-b-alanine solution combustion method. The catalysts powders were produced by self-combustion in times up to 5 min, presenting high crystallinity and single-phase, without the calcination step. XRD analyses showed that the produced calcium oxides (CaZrO3 and Ca0.9Li0.6Zr0.9O3) presented perovskite structure with the orthorhombic system, whereas a monoclinic structure was observed for Li2ZrO3 oxide, results confirmed with the Rietveld refinement. Different techniques were used to characterize the catalysts, such as MEV-FEG, TPD-CO2, TGA, N2 (BET), ICP OES, MIP-OES, WD-XRF and FT-IR. Different methods of acid decomposition were employed, instead of HF, for elemental analysis of the oxides. Recovery values were observed between 92 and 101%, with low deviations and LOQs. The catalytic activity of the synthesized materials was tested by the reaction of ethyl transesterification with methyl acetate (model reaction). The Ca0.9Li0.6Zr0.9O3 was the most active oxide, reaching 92% conversion to ethyl acetate, followed by oxide Li2ZrO3, with 64% conversion. The CaZrO3 had negligible catalytic activity. Reagent tests of Li-containing catalysts indicated average conversion of about 50% up to the 6° recycle. The Li incorporation to zirconate produced changes in the textural and basic properties, resulting in more efficient and promising catalysts for the transesterification. The Ca0.9Li0.6Zr0.9O3 was also evaluated in the oil transesterification reaction for biodiesel production, with a yield of 60% m/m under mild reaction conditions (molar ratio 1:12 oil/ethanol and 50 °C for 30 min). Although the metallic ions leaching from the most active materials has been detected, no reaction was observed in the homogeneous phase. A system composed of a rotating packed bed reactor and a microwave oven (RPB + MW) was developed for the continuous flow biodiesel production by the ethylic transesterification instant reaction under heterogeneous catalysis. Total ester content of 19% was obtained with 1 min of product collect time, demonstrating a promising system for the proposed application.
Potencial de resíduos orgânicos na atenuação de contaminação por cobre de solo e água
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2017-06-08)
Cipoleta, Nathalia Sprovieri
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Addad, João Eduardo
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2356106837787562
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Assad, Maria Leonor Ribeiro Casimiro Lopes
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0379324550884468
The aggravation of environmental problems has stimulated discussion about new ways of producing in the field. The term alternative agriculture covers non-conventional agricultural systems, such as natural, ecological, biodynamic, permaculture, biological, organic and agroecological systems. In addition to organic inputs for fertilization and soil conditioners, crops grown in alternative systems also require natural products to combat pests and plant diseases. Heavy metals such as arsenic, cobalt, copper, lead, and zinc, which occur as impurities in these products, can reach undesirable levels and cause contamination of soil, water, and sediments. The Bordeaux mixture is a fungicide composed of hydrated copper sulphate (CuSO4.5H2O) and quicklime (CaO) and is legalized for use in alternative agricultural systems, but may increase copper (Cu) contents in the soil and affect soil and water quality. The objective of this work was to evaluate the soil and water contamination potential of copper contained in the Bordeaux mixture; ii) to evaluate the retention of Cu in clay soil fertilized with waste and organic conditioners; and iii) estimate the potential for soil and water contamination. Copper contamination potential was evaluated based on a literature review focused on articles, dissertations and theses published, focusing on alternative agricultural production systems. The retention of Cu and its soil and water contamination potential were evaluated by means of a laboratory test using clay tubes filled with clay soil treated with three types of organic materials (Bokashi, coconut fiber, and leonardite) in three doses of Bordeaux mixture. The test lasted 47 days and regular percolate samplings were performed. At the end of the experiment, the content of Cu retained in the soil was determined. Residues and organic conditioners, in all tested doses, retained more than 55% of the applied Cu, even after extraction with strong acid. Bokashi presented the lowest concentration of Cu in the percolate (0.621 mg L-1) and the lowest concentrations retained in the soil, after extraction with weak acid (68.4% in the lowest dose) and with strong acid (59.9% in the highest dose ). Leonardite showed the highest concentration of Cu in the percolate (1.4% in the highest dose) and the highest concentrations retained in the soil, after extraction with weak acid (98.2% in the medium dose) and with strong acid (94.1% in the lowest dose). It is concluded that leonardite, a material rich in humic substances, has high Cu adsorption capacity and may be useful in organic production systems to mitigate contamination of soils and water with Cu.
Na arena discursiva : uma análise dos debates eleitorais presidenciais brasileiros
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2017-06-09)
Pires, Livia Maria Falconi
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Sargentini, Vanice Maria Oliveira
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1406919572611392
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4769798375720121
The electoral television debate is configured as an arena for the discursive clash, to the extent that it is a space that promotes dialogue between candidates, functioning as another "platform" of public speaking. Despite its strongly, carefully construction, evidenced in the architecture of this electoral mise-en-scène, it is in the televised debate that candidates expose themselves and more directly speak to voters. Due to the audiovisual apparatus, we cannot dissociate the verb from the body that, in actuality, is essential to politics, especially at the time of electoral campaign; therefore, the presidential election debate is an empowering apparatus for the interlacing of verb and image. For this work, therefore, we will present an analysis of the electoral political subject's constitution along with the mutations of the televised debate genus, taking on the second round debates of presidential elections, from the re-democratization (1989) to the present (2014), and focusing on categories like "the architecture of debate", "the face", "the silhouette" and "the verb". To this end, we will be guided by reflections on the studies of Discourse Analysis, which take into account the syncretic wording in its historical density, as well as the studies on public speech, supporting ourselves by the contributions of J.-J. Courtine and the works of M. Foucault, thus focusing on the importance of discourse studies in conjunction with History, seen in its discontinuities.
A cor da advocacia em Salvador: uma análise do perfil racial da advocacia privada na capital baiana
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2017-06-09)
Santos, Marcelo Rocha dos
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Oliveira, Fabiana Luci de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9487149052862292
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8531700674853605
This paper aims to analyze the insertion of black professionals in the legal market, with emphasis on private advocacy, in the city of Salvador - Bahia. The interest is to verify, about a decade after the implementation of affirmative action in higher education, as is the professional field of Law, and how is the black presence in this field of training and professional performance. In the scope of formation, two higher education institutions, UFBA (Federal University of Bahia) and UCSAL (Catholic University of Salvador), selected based on their tradition in the teaching of Law, are the two oldest in the state of Bahia, and also due to the high performance of these universities in ENADE and the OAB Exam. Initially, we sought to analyze the enrollment of black students in these two universities, covering the period between 2003 and 2016. We then analyze the insertion of black professionals in the corporate market and large law firms in the city of Salvador, observing the most prestigious offices in the city, Selected based on the magazine Análise Advocacia 500. The theoretical framework that informs the research is the Sociology of Race Relations, anchored in the conception of race as a social construct, as proposed by Guimarães (1999), and in the dialogue with the Sociology of Professions, Based on the theoretical contributions of Eliot Freidson (2001), and Bonelli research (2002, 2008, 2013). In terms of method, we use secondary quantitative data (Inep data) and the generation of primary qualitative data, based on the iconographic analysis of the websites of the largest offices in Salvador, based on the publication Análise Advocacia 500, as well as in the publication itself , As well as semi-structured interviews with UFBA and UCSAL Law Teachers (in the area of education) and black lawyers and attorneys (in the market), seeking to understand their perceptions about racial relations in the market of soteropolitan law. Our main conclusion is that affirmative action policies have promoted the democratization of access to the teaching of law in Salvador, forming a large number of black lawyers, but the absorption of these professionals by the private law market still finds racial barriers, which make it impossible to access them. To the large offices in Salvador.
Mixotrophy in Chlorella sorokiniana : physiology, biotechnological potential and ecotoxicology
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2017-06-09)
Marchello, Adriano Evandir
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Lombardi, Ana Teresa
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6737850858443813
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7882503178913936
In aquatic environments, phytoplankton consists mostly of photosynthetic microorganisms that serve as the basis of food chains. However, besides photoautotrophy, it is widely reported in the literature that many microalgae can take up dissolved organic matter present in the environment concomitantly with the photosynthesis, a metabolic pathway known as mixotrophy. Little is known about the ecophysiology of mixotrophy in microalgae, and almost all studies are focused on the use of this metabolic pathway to increase the production of algal biomass and stimulate the production of specific biomolecules. Another important issue, considering the current anthropic activity, is that most of the contaminants eliminated in aquatic environments, such as metals and nanoparticles, affect the phytoplankton. However, so far, no ecotoxicological study involving mixotrophic metabolism was found in the literature. To better understand mixotrophy in microalgae, this work chose the chlorophycean freshwater Chlorella sorokiniana as test organism. We divided the study into two parts: the first focused on the physiological/biotechnological interest through the study of growth, photosynthetic parameters, changes in cellular volume, and production of biomolecules (proteins, carbohydrates and lipids); the second part focused on the ecotoxicological effects of cadmium (Cd) and titanium dioxide nanoparticles (NPs-TiO2). To stimulate mixotrophy, glucose (1.0 g.L-1 or 5 x 10-3 mol.L-1) was used as the organic carbon source. The results showed that during mixotrophy, the microalga C. sorokiniana presented higher population growth and production of biomolecules, such as chlorophyll a and lipids, when compared to photoautotrophic cultures. It was also observed that the photosynthetic parameters were affected by mixotrophy, although they did not interfere in the growth of the microalga, and that the presence of bacteria in the cultures acted as a stimulant factor in the production of algal biomass. Regarding the ecotoxicological effects of contaminants, microalgae in mixotrophy were more resistant to both Cd and NPs-TiO2 than those in photoautotrophy, but with changes in the biochemical composition what can affected the energy transfer in the environment. In general, we can conclude that mixotrophy should be considered in studies with phytoplankton, since aquatic environments present a myriad of organic carbon that can be used by these microorganisms. As general conclusions, we can mention that organic carbon acted as an extra source of structural carbon and energy for microalgae, not necessarily relying solely on photosynthesis to survive, so stimulating the growth and production of biomolecules of biotechnological interest, and increased cellular viability in environments contaminated with metals and nanoparticles. This study is a contribution to the understanding of mixotrophy and photoautotrophy metabolisms in a freshwater Chlorophyta with biotechnological potential.
Troca gasosa pulmonar e desoxigenação muscular e cerebral durante o exercício incremental em homens com diabetes mellitus tipo 2 e saudáveis
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2017-06-12)
Ferroli-Fabricio, Amanda Magdalena
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Catai, Aparecida Maria
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5801652590531684
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4902153667074796
Aims: To investigate factors related to physical exercise intolerance in T2D comparing similarities and differences between type 2 diabetes (T2D) and healthy adjustments of cardiorespiratory system and cerebral and peripheral muscle oxygentation during an incremental cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET).Methods:Twenty-two men with T2D (T2DG) and 18 apparently healthy controls (CG) performed incremental cycling exercises. Pulmonary oxygen uptake, cerebral and muscle oxygenation were measured using a computerized metabolic cart, a near-infrared spectrophotometer (NIRS), system, respectively. Results:The groups were similar for age (CG: 53.6 ± 3.8 vsT2DMG: 54.9 ± 5.6) and body mass index (BMI) (CG: 27.8 ± 2.4 vsT2DMG: 27.51.9). T2DMG presented lower aerobic capacity (VO2peak: 20.0 ± 4.2 vs23.2 ± 4.7) and workload (134.5 ± 27.5 vs158.8 ± 35.7) compared to CG. Cerebral [HHb] presentedan inverse responsebetween groups, CG increased during exercise, while T2DG reduced. The [HHb] responseof the VL was similar between the groups.Conclusions:Individuals with T2D presented reducedcardiopulmonary performance and abnormalbehavior of cerebral deoxygenation(compared with health). The data suggest that microvascular changes can affect tissues with a high sensitivity to oxygen depletion, such as the brain region, affecting cerebral auto-regulation which could be related with reduced exercise tolerance in diabetic patients.
Impacto dos riscos no nível de coordenação vertical das cadeias agroindustriais de suprimentos : uma análise sob a perspectiva das empresas frigoríficas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2017-06-12)
Rosales, Fabricio Pini
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Batalha, Mario Otávio
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1015001063418091
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8493025223708825
Supply chains (SC) are becoming increasingly dynamic, globalized and complex. This reality increases the vulnerability of such chains to unwanted events that may compromise the performance of companies and chains as a whole, called Supply Chain Risks (SCR). Thus, by employing Supply Chain Management (SGM) tools to seek competitive advantage, companies become more susceptible to situations such as supply disruption, quality mismatches and unexpected price swings, among others. Thus, knowing the risks that affect supply chains and identifying actions to mitigate these risks becomes fundamental to reduce their impact on organizations and CS. In this context, this research aimed to identify the main risks that affect Agri-food Supply Chains (AFSC) and how these risks impact on the level of vertical coordination of these chains. Aiming to meet the research objectives, a systematic review of the literature, interviews with agents and a survey type survey with cold storage companies from all over the country were carried out. Factorial Analysis (FA) and Multiple Regression Analysis (MRA) were used to analyze the data collected. The results indicate that the supplier's raw material and low technology risks lead the slaughterhouses to integrate vertically the production of animal for slaughter, while the risks of climate and sanitary inadequacy lead companies to give preference to older suppliers. The ease of creating collaborative actions, the exchange of information and the differential treatment were efficient in creating a stable relationship. With regard to transaction costs, it was evidenced that agents seek to reduce ex-post costs and create a trust relationship. With regard to socio-environmental risks, it has been observed that there is pressure from slaughterhouses to exclude suppliers who employ ethically unacceptable production techniques.
Sistema de wetlands construídas associados ao contexto urbanístico e paisagístico: estudo de caso de Barra Bonita/SP
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2017-06-12)
Mariano, Maximiliam Borges
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Salvador, Nemésio Neves Batista
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9930582531600560
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1433987002470882
The similarity of the wetlands system with natural landscape, scenic beauty confirmed, attributes to it a unique characteristic, which allows the usage of the surrounding area for leisure activities, sports practice, environmental education, tourism, among others. This paper aims to evaluate the potential benefits and the challenges of implanting a wetlands system consorted to an urban park, as post-treatment of effluent treated in a lagoon system, in a sugar-ethanol sector company located in Barra Bonita, Brazil, SP. The methodology used is based on the information gathering and compilation in bibliography and primary data collected through the collection and laboratory analysis. The final product presented the real and necessary dimensions for the implementation of a wetlands system associated to an urban park and indicated the best location for the implementation of the project considering the physical, urban and legal aspects, through the association of the proposed areas with the guidelines of the Integrated Master Plan of the municipality, but also demonstrated that connecting a wetlands treatment system to an urban park can be an effective alternative to develop social, environmental and urban aspects to the municipality and its population
O programa CATAFORTE e o trabalho dos catadores de recicláveis : as ambivalências da economia solidária no limiar da precarização
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2017-06-13)
Andrade, Marconi Tabosa de
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Lima, Jacob Carlos
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9244132532446607
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3209801564397878
The object of this thesis is the work of the collector of recyclable materials, in the context of the institutional changes that had as a milestone the approval of the Solid Waste Law (12.305/2010). The experiences of collective organization of the collectors, inserted in the broader movement of the Solidary Economy, were covered by public policies that aimed at its consolidation, as a strategy of creation of work and income. Within the framework of these public policies, the CATAFORTE program aimed to materially structure and professionally train collectors organized in cooperatives and production networks to be included in the Municipal Plans for Integrated Solid Waste Management, as provided for in the National Policy on Solid Waste. We follow the action of CATAFORTE, observing two networks of cooperatives, one in Maceió and another in Campinas, in a comparative perspective. The intention was to verify if, in this process, the insertion of the collectors would take place in the configuration of precarious work or if the objectives of the Solidary Economy would be fulfilled, of positive insertion in work regimes capable of providing income and dignified conditions. We focus attention on income, access to rights linked to the world of work and management of enterprises. The impact of CATAFORTE was different in the cases observed, resulting in the consolidation of economic sustainability and access to labor rights in one case, and in the absence of these elements, in another. Successful experience points to the possibility that collector cooperatives may be able to generate sufficient income to remove its co-workers from the poverty situation. Regarding management, both experiences demonstrate hybridity between elements of hetero-management and self-management, with hierarchical organization based on consensus. Another aspect that distinguishes them from typical capitalist enterprises is their participation in the municipal political sphere, with expression of the demands in the field of labor.
Abordagens de otimização para apoiar a elaboração e análise de roteiros turísticos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2017-06-13)
Silva, Admilson Alcantara da
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Pureza, Vitória Maria Miranda
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9202201560058916
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Morabito Neto, Reinaldo
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4194801952934254
Considering the tourism policies and their effects in touristic routes, it is important to consider the context in which those routes formed during the development of these itineraries and to take into account similar characteristics of locations and municipalities. In this view, the touristic routes could encourage the discovery of new tourism regions to benefit the local communities, visitors and all organizations directly involved in touristic activity. In this work, we propose a new method based on mathematical programming to support the elaboration and formatting of touristic itineraries considering variables such as profile of visitors, planning of the trip, visitor preferences and nature attractive. Other parameters are also considered such as costs, distances, equipment valuation (museums, churches, fairs and others), services provided to tourists. We also regard several regions available for visits, the various segments of tourism, the various tourists profile and the variation cost/time throughout the seasons/periods of the year. In this proposed method, we apply mathematical models and optimization techniques to maximize the customer´s satisfaction and minimize the costs involved on the touristic routes. To evaluate the potential of the proposed method in practice, it applied in a case study to build routes in the touristic sights of the City of Belém, State of Pará. For the problems modelling and optimization, we used approaches based on the Prize-Collecting Traveling Salesman Problem (PCTSP) and the Traveling Salesman Problem with Priority Prizes (TSPPP) in order to represent appropriately the problem. We are not aware of other works in literature that studied and proposed optimization methods of touristic routes in this research line. In this study, we applied some statistical techniques for the preparation and analysis of data, such as correspondence analysis type and other important techniques to definition and evaluation of the problem and preparation of parameters required by the optimization models. The results showed how the routes could be optimized highlighting the potential of the proposed method to reduce operating costs as well as to maximize the level of the valuation of services offered to tourists. They also contribute to the strengthening of the regional identity and can help to consolidate more satisfactory and competitive tourist itineraries in the tourism market, as well as the expansion and diversification of tourism.
Métodos de categorização de variáveis preditoras em modelos de regressão para variáveis binárias
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2017-06-13)
Silva, Diego Mattozo Bernardes da
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Pereira, Gustavo Henrique de Araujo
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4536501674241631
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5148139200509403
Regression models for binary response variables are very common in several areas of knowledge. The most used model in these situations is the logistic regression model, which assumes that the logit of the probability of a certain event is a linear function of the predictors variables. When this assumption is not reasonable, it is common to make some changes in the model, such as: transformation of predictor variables and/or add quadratic or cubic terms to the model. The problem with this approach is that it hinders parameter interpretation, and in some areas it is fundamental to interpret the parameters. Thus, a common approach is to categorize the quantitative covariates. This work aims to propose two new classes of categorization methods for continuous variables in binary regression models. The first class of methods is univariate and seeks to maximize the association between the response variable and the categorized covariate using measures of association for qualitative variables. The second class of methods is multivariate and incorporates the predictor variables correlation structure through the joint categorization of all covariates. To evaluate the performance, we applied the proposed methods and four existing categorization methods in 3 credit scoring databases and in two simulated cenarios. The results in the real databases suggest that the proposed univariate class of categorization methods performs better than the existing methods when we compare the predictive power of the logistic regression model. The results in the simulated databases suggest that both proposed classes perform better than the existing methods. Regarding computational performance, the multivariate method is inferior and the univariate method is superior to the existing methods.
De tocaia na infância: uma análise da proposta pedagógica da escola Toca do Futuro
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2017-06-14)
Janei Neto, Vitor
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Dinis, Nilson Fernandes
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9901790534758296
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0637572083817526
The present dissertation work aims to analyze aspects of the pedagogical proposal of the Toca do Futuro, school of application of the Toca Institute. Toca Institute is a non-profit organization that develops actions and research focused on sustainability education. The headquarters of the Toca Institute and the Toca do Futuro school are located at Fazenda da Toca, a rural property that produces organic food, located in the city of Itirapina, in the interior of the State of São Paulo. As a methodological strategy, we analyze some topics of the pedagogical proposal, as a way of delineating the modes of subjectivation that this school intends to engender. By subjectivation modes are understood the subjectivities, the ways of being, the lifestyles, the forms of existence that are produced from discourses, statements, laws, norms, institutions and practices, linked to the relations of knowledge and power that They cross bodies. Among the main theoretical references used in the research are the studies of Nietzsche, Spinoza, Michel Foucault, Gilles Deleuze and Felix Guattari.
A construção da agenda governamental e midiática de políticas de combate à corrupção no governo Dilma Rousseff (2011-2016) : identificando eventos críticos de convergência e divergência entre as agendas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2017-06-14)
Faleiros, Laís Bertholino
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Capella, Ana Cláudia Niedhardt
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5810332148425938
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2887018918987608
For the first time, in the year of 2015, public opinion chose, in a DataFolha survey, corruption as the main Brazilian problem. Given this fact, the present work set out to investigate the media and governmental agenda of anti-corruption policies in the Federal Government during the two mandates of Dilma Rousseff (2011-2016), to recognize critical events in both agendas and to analyze their convergent and divergent points. In order to do so, it was used Baumgartner and Jones' (2006) Punctuated Equilibrium model to demonstrate the variations of the corruption issue within the agendas addressed. This dissertation found critical events such as Operation Lava Jato, which gives meaning to the process of building agendas in this period and explains the variation of agendas in the year of 2014, but it is not possible only in a six-year period identify a significant rupture in the governmental agenda anti-corruption policies, but only a few incremental innovations. Whereas in the media agenda the ruptures of the balance are clearer, since a corruption scandal is enough to generate impact in the volume of the news content and to increase the incidence of the subject in the agenda of the media.
Relações entre currículo, identidade e prática profissional em início de carreira de egressos do curso de Letras da UFSCar
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2017-06-14)
Tomazella, Carla Maluf
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Gregolin, Isadora Valencise
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1015869228676997
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5270328580071718
Many recently graduated language teachers complain about the lack of proficiency in the foreign language and the sense of pedagogical unpreparedness for the teaching practice, which produces a kind of "teacher malaise" (ESTEVE, 1999). Thus, the present research discusses the concept of professional identity of Spanish teachers, seeking to understand some aspects of its constitution in a specific context of initial university education. Based on the assumption that the constitution of professional identities is developed in a social and historical process, we sought to understand, along with a group of undergraduates of the Spanish-language teacher training course of the Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), which aspects of their initial academic education contributed to the configuration of their identities. From the perceptions of the undergraduates expressed in a semistructured questionnaire, our analyzes point out some of the aspects related to the constitution of their professional identities and contrast these aspects with the curricular proposal of the Pedagogical Project of the course - in order to reflect on the implications that such structuring can have on the constitution of the identities of the Spanish teachers who graduated in UFSCar - and with results of other researches developed in Brazil that study the same theme. The research is characterized as a case study, of exploratory and qualitative nature, whose analyzes are based on the Content Analysis methodology (BARDIN, 1977). The research is based theoretically in the field of Applied Linguistics, more specifically in authors that study the training of teachers as critical professionals (ALMEIDA FILHO, 1999; CASTRO, 1999) and who deal with the theory-practice relationship in language teacher training (VIEIRA-ABRAHÃO, 2001, 2004; ALMEIDA FILHO, 1999; GIMENEZ, 2004, EL-KADRI, 2010). As results, our analysis points to a change in El Kadri's (2010) perspective that the professional identity of Brazilian Spanish teachers is strongly marked by a sense of "lack of linguistic proficiency", since the aspects perceived by the undergraduates of the course researched relates mainly to the "feeling of pedagogical unpreparedness" and, therefore, to aspects related to pedagogical knowledge. Thus, PIBID's proposal as an institutionalized teacher-initiation program that may make it possible for future teachers to build their knowledge about being a teacher in practice and from their own experiences (GIMENEZ, 2004) is relevant, as it may lead to a possible overcoming of the severance that has long been established between theory and practice in teacher-training courses.
Desenvolvimento de modelo de gestão para empreendimento de economia solidária baseado na agricultura familiar para promover o desenvolvimento territorial sustentável na confecção de produtos de bambu
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2017-06-14)
Tedeschi, Samara Pereira
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Hoffmann, Wanda Aparecida Machado
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7609135667093837
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9369668064115028
Bamboo is a graminaceous plant with diverse possibilities of use that go from feeding to replacement of wood due to its physical and mechanical proprieties. Since such plant is perennial, its cultivation and handling, if performed correctly, can be an opportunity of exploring commercially the material. Since the sixties, the Brazilian government has encouraged silviculture through credit and funding programs to rural producers and in 2011 it was sanctioned the National Politics of Sustainable Handling and to the Cultivation of Bamboo (PNMCB, in Portuguese), stimulating the cultivation of the graminaceous plant by family farmers. Family Farm was created with the purpose of stimulating the cultivation of food by people who were given land rights by Brazilian Agrarian Reform to supply cities and PNMCB may be an alternative to stimulate the diversification of products. Solidary Economy can be a way of organization, generation of earnings, and decrease of poverty to family agriculturists, for it presents a self-managing, horizontal, cooperative, and solidary management structure, in which everyone involved display the same rights and duties, composing a collective enterprise. As an enterprise, it is possible to explore more deeply the marketplace through the sale of differentiated products, thus the concept of Sustainable Territorial Development can assist in competitiveness, earnings increase, besides stimulating the bamboo culture by means of the relations among the actors involved in the same productive chain. Therefore, the general objective of this research is to propose a management model to Solidary Economy Enterprises that are based on Family Farm to promote Sustainable Territorial Development in the confection of bamboo products. To develop the External Dimension that influence the enterprise was used the authors: Buarque (1999), Silva and Batalha (2011), Aaker (2012), and to the Internal Dimensions, was used the authors: GEPAI (2004), Aaker (2012) and the Solidary Economy concepts. The methodology of this research consists of using data collection instruments, such as document reading, searches in data, patents, and government agencies bases, interviews to verify the proposed management model. Also as subsidy to the elaboration of the model it was performed an Organizational Diagnosis to analyze the strong and weak points of the enterprise, based on the involved Internal and External Dimensions and the Organizational Planning to analyze opportunities for the development of the enterprise and identify competitive advantages by means of studying scenarios. The analysis of the External Dimensions allowed recognizing the external influences to the enterprise and its forms of access that allow the development, considering from the economic scenario to public, environmental, social, and technological politics. The analysis of the Internal Dimensions presented in the form of management modules granted the reflection on the formalization of existent information in the enterprise together with the recognition of points to be explored competitively and point to be revalued. With the accomplishment of the study of scenarios through crossing the proposed Dimensions, it was possible to visualize probable future situations that can assist as information for a Strategical Planning, leading a better positioning in marketplace. With this research, we concluded that is possible to identify the deficiencies of a family farm enterprise and, with the proposed model, the knowledge can be gained by farmers, making possible a better organization, management, and especially the identification of competitive advantages for the sector of bamboo.
Análise dos efeitos das mudanças de uso do solo em zonas de recarga do Aquífero Botucatu: estudo de caso em São Carlos – SP
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2017-06-14)
Ruggiero, Mayara Herrmann
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Ferreira, Marcilene Dantas
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1557946634389893
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6997200581848933
The groundwater is a resource of which many countries are dependent for the water supply of the population, being the maintenance of these reserves necessary. The anthropic activities can cause the commitment of the water supply. These activities result in changes on the landscape natural patterns, altering the land use. In this regard, there is the need to evaluate if the kind of land use in a region affects the groundwater recharge, and which activities can compromise in the future the aquifers supply. As such, the objective of this study was analyze the changes in land use on the recharge zone of the Botucatu Aquifer and how these changes affects the potential capacity of water infiltration in the ground and increase the local contamination potential. To this end, for the accomplishment of this research, the Chibarro and Ribeirão do Feijão watersheds were selected, located in the São Carlos municipality. First of all, a bibliographic review about this subject was made, followed by a multitemporal analysis of the land use, using the years of 1985, 2000 and 2015, using the Land Change Modeler of IDRISI software. Thus, the land cover scenarios for 2030 were projected, and it was made aquifer vulnerability maps using the DRASTIC methodology and the Susceptibility Index. The next step was the elaboration of maps of the infiltration potential capacity, trough the connection between the local geological materials and land cover. The results showed that both watersheds report trends of urban growth. In Chibarro watershed there was an increase of natural vegetation, while in Ribeirão do Feijão watershed there was a decrease. The vulnerability maps showed that the land use in both areas exercising pressure upon the aquifer may cause contamination. The infiltration potential capacity maps showed that in both watersheds is possible to happen the decrease of this capacity, risking the aquifer recharge.