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Estudo taxonômico das espécies de Heterospilus Haliday, 1836 (Hymenoptera, Braconidae: Doryctinae) em área de cerrado do Estado de São Paulo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2017-06-06) Santiago, Diogo Fernandes; Dias, Angélica Maria Penteado Martins; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8637344058859147; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7073246014942522
Taxonomy and systematics are fundamental Sciences for categorization, description of species and how they relate and are distributed throughout the planet. Hymenoptera parasitoids are considered as the major components of the vast majority of terrestrial ecosystems with approximately 20% of all insects, comprising the most common group of the order Hymenoptera. The species of Heterospilus Haliday were captured in the cerrado stricto sensu area at the Estação Ecológica de Itirapina, Brotas, SP, using Moericke traps for a period of two years, from July 2013 to September 2014. A total of 324 specimens were collected, Doryctinae being the most abundant subfamily, probably to the method of capture used, since most of its hosts are found together in the soil. The total abundance of the collected material was higher in the rainy season, probably due to climatic variation and variation in the availability of food resources. There are nine different species for the group of granulated vertex, eighteen with striated vertex and none with smooth vertex, totaling twenty-seven, representing 6.7% of the total of species described worldwide, which can be considered high compared to what has already been described. The Cerrado, despite being a highly deforested Biome, presented a large number of new species, with the most frequent that with striated vertex
Estudos ecológicos da comunidade planctônica de vinte e cinco ecossistemas aquáticos temporários tropicais
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2017-06-06) Passos, Rodrigo Ferroni; Melão, Maria da Graça Gama; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8342306603661310; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4032882355970828
Ecological studies were carried out in twenty-five natural temporary aquatic environments, located in the cities of Urucuia, Lagoa Grande and Pirapora, in the north and northwest of the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. In each environment, collections were carried out in April 2015, May 2016 and January 2017, during which limnological variables were measured and samples from the phytoplankton (qualitative) and zooplankton (qualitative and quantitative) communities, as well as from sediment, were collected. Experiments were also carried out in the laboratory to evaluate the effects of different temperatures and luminosity on the hatching of diapause eggs of zooplankton species present in these environments. In general, the values obtained for the physical and chemical variables of the studied environments were in a favorable range to the development of the phytoplankton community. However the low concentration of chlorophyll a and the low richness of phytoplankton species may be reflections of the low water transparency, and the turbidity may limit the growth of the phytoplankton. Qualitative and quantitative analyzes of the zooplankton community indicated low species richness in these ponds. Although Rotifera presented a greater richness of taxa, Copepoda Cyclopoida was the most abundant and numerically representative group. The presence or absence of the Anostraca Dendrocephalus brasiliensis does not seem to interfere in the composition and density of the zoplanktonic community. Species richness and local diversity should be related to disturbances and environmental dynamics. The results obtained in the experiment of hatching of zooplankton diapause eggs showed that the different ponds have similar hatching values, and low temperatures (20°C) and absence of light have a negative influence on hatching these eggs. In addition, it was observed that higher temperatures (35°C) accelerated the hatching of the diapause eggs during the first days of incubation. Thus we can infer that, in general, zooplankton community present in all the studied temporary aquatic environments behave in a similar way.