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Sustentabilidade na gestão dos recursos hídricos: os casos de Quito e São Paulo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2017-09-27) Martone, Gabriel Braga; Cardoso, André Coimbra Felix; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5070278488167612; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0723954135941063
One of the biggest challenges to the environmental crisis that society is facing, markedly in recent decades, is the shortage of water to supply human needs and consequently the precariousness of working all water-dependent processes. Diverse proposals have arisen in response to this challenge. Despite the intrinsic merit of these plans, those that provide systemic and sustainable solutions stand out. Water funds are established structures for investments in conservation and maintenance of the ecosystem service "water supply" and are organized through specific governance structures, which involve the people in the localities where the fund operates and integration between the different power spheres of society, including public and private. This work aims to study this approach, which is an important strategy for the sustainable management of water resources. In the light of a theoretical model, called the Five Level Framework, this study analyzes the management for the sustainable development of two specific cases, the Water Fund of the city of Quito, Ecuador and São Paulo, in Brazil. For that, secondary data and management documents of both Funds were evaluated, having as a model of evaluation and systematization of the results a theoretical model, denominated Five Level Framework. The comparison of the results of the two Funds was also able to establish as a product a generic model for the evaluation of the sustainability of Water Funds. As a conclusion, the evaluation of the results showed that this management approach favors the improvement of systemic environmental, social and economic conditions within a long term perspective, making possible an increase of sustainability for society and the environment.
Avaliação da distribuição de empreendimentos potencialmente poluidores e do uso de mapas de áreas prioritárias, no processo de licenciamento ambiental do Estado de São Paulo, entre os anos de 2000 e 2015
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2017-09-27) Galbiati, Lígia Amoroso; Alexandrino, Eduardo Roberto; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8328346468875255; Fernandes, Marcelo Adorna; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6709493251686592; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9949723051231966
The loss of biodiversity is one of the worst crises in the current world. Brazil is responsible for the management of a high biodiversity; the Brazilian State recognizes the value of this diversity and tries to preserve it through environmental legislation. Starting with the Law 6.938 / 1981 (the National Environment Policy - NEP) Brazil established legal and technical instruments that help to control environmental impacts resulting from anthropic activities. In a context of high biological diversity living side by side with economic activities of high environmental impact, and after more than three decades of establishing the NEP, this research has proposed to evaluate how the environmental licensing process dialogues with other NEP instruments, among them, the determination of priority areas for conservation in the State of São Paulo. To do so, a survey of Environmental Impacts Assessment (EIA) submitted to the Environmental Company of the State of São Paulo (CETESB) between 2000 and 2015 was carried out and the location of the proposed enterprises and their distribution in the state of São Paulo was evaluated. We also evaluated how much these enterprises have overlapped priority areas for conservation in the State. During the survey, 370 EIAs were submitted, the majority presented between 2007 and 2010, from which 254 were approved. The alcohol and sugar mills were the most numerous enterprises, followed by utilities, housing estates and mining enterprises. It was possible to obtain the geographic coordinates of 168 enterprises, and distribution patterns were found according to the type of activity, with alcohol and sugar mills occupying the center/north of the State, utilities with less aggregate distribution, housing in the metropolitan region of São Paulo and the mining activities are located more to the southeast of the State.The distance of natural resources varied according to the type of enterprise, with an average of 1322 meters of water resources, 834 meters of remaining forest and 15,867 meters of Conservation Units. Through the analysis of the enterprise overlapping priority areas for conservation, it was verified that even after the publication of the maps and their reception by the legislation, 19 presented intention to be installed in these areas. In the analysis of the EIA and the processes of request of Previous License, it was observed that the maps have been mentioned, nevertheless, the context of use is, in general, directed to the environmental compensation and mitigation of impacts, and not for prevention of the possible damages arising from the installation of these ventures in these areas. The distribution pattern of the projects, their proximity of natural resources and the overlapping with priority areas, in the context of high degradation of the ecosystems of the State of São Paulo, demonstrates the need to give greater importance to the cumulative effects of the projects and the analysis of locational alternatives in EIAs to support the decision-making process. The high rate of prior license issuance indicates that the licensing process is still flawed and relies heavily on the prospect of mitigation and compensation for damages rather than preventing them from happening,
Relative differential cohomology
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2017-09-27) Rocha Barriga, Juan Carlos; Ruffino, Fabio Ferrari; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2512107188781159; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2243065443914182
We briefly review the classical construction of the Cheeger-Simons characters, the Deligne cohomology groups and the differential K-theory groups, which are representatives of the absolute differential refinement of the corresponding cohomology theories. We present the axiomatic framework for the differential refinement of a generic cohomology theory in the absolute case, together with the important results of existence and uniqueness developed by Bunke and Schick. Motivated by the introduction of the relative Cheeger-Simons characters, we propose a suitable set of axioms for the relative differential extension of a cohomology theory, we construct a family of long exact sequences involving the differential groups and we extend to the relative case the results of existence and uniqueness. Furthermore, we generalize the notion of Cheeger-Simons character to any cohomology theory and we extend to the relative case the construction of the integration map.
Avaliação dos fatores de influência na implementação e no desempenho acadêmico do Câmpus São José dos Campos do IFSP
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2017-09-27) Novais, Natália Helena dos Santos; Molina, Wagner de Souza Leite; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5939243693407420; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5874646637353861
Education is at the heart of the State's concerns, given its essential role in the development of a country. In the last years, the public policy that has stood out in the education is the creation / transformation of the Federal Institutes of Education, Science and Technology (IF's). The creation of these institutions opened space for the discussion of IF’s as public educational policy, making clear the need to analyze how effective the application of such policy has been. It is in this context that the present research is inserted, which to analyze the implementation process of the Campus of the Federal Institute of São Paulo in São José dos Campos. At the outset, a brief bibliographical review was made on the following points: public policies and implementation of public policies, on the historical process of creation of the federal institutes, highlighting the guiding elements of this process, and on the networks and the implementation of the policy of vocational education. In a second moment, the case study itself is presented, that is the implementation process of Campus São José dos Campos and its specificities. Subsequently, the data obtained through the application of questionnaires and interviews were presented and discussed. Finally, the final considerations were exposed, highlighting the existence of a low interaction of the Campus actors with the external community, a factor that may hinder the development of their activities. It is suggested, among other aspects, the establishment of partnerships and the holding of meetings and events outside the unit to order to establish a closer relationship with the community and reduce the difficulties faced in relation to its location.