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Regeneração de rejeito espuma de SBR através de extrusão no estado sólido e incorporação em SBR virgem
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2017-09-29) Tozzi, Kaique Afonso; Canto, Leonardo Bresciani; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7287108960864123; Scuracchio, Carlos Henrique; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0896060959622431; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6549314720328426
The objective of the present work is the study of the recycling of vulcanized rubber foam waste from the footwear industry through the solid state extrusion process known as Solid State Shear Extrusion (SSSE). The industrial waste, previously ground in the industry responsible for its supply, was characterized in terms of particle size, density and amount of mineral fillers and then regenerated by SSSE. The influence of the process temperature on the material reclaiming was investigated using different temperature profiles in the extruder. The presence of a possible devulcanization agent during extrusion was also studied, in this case with the presence of benzoyl peroxide. After subjecting material to the SSSE process under various conditions of temperature and peroxide quantity, the waste was characterized in terms of soluble content by Sohxlet Extraction in Toluol, and its granulometry classified by sieving. The next stage of the work consisted in the study of the re-incorporation of the regenerated material under the different process conditions in the random copolymer styrene-butadiene rubber, SBR, in the amount of 40 phr of reclaimed rubber, along with vulcanization reagents for later vulcanization. By way of comparison, composition with the original waste rubber (without reclaiming) was also prepared. The compositions were molded and revulcanized by compression molding at a temperature determined by Differential Exploratory Calorimetry and oscillatory disk rheometry. From the molded plates, specimens were obtained by stamping and subjected to mechanical tensile tests and crosslinks density. Comparing the results, especially the mechanical properties, of the regenerated and non-regenerated waste compositions, the advantages of the use of regeneration of the rubber residues by SSSE were evident. From the results, it was also possible to hypothesize about the mechanisms of regeneration and devulcanization involved in the process, which may be useful in the implementation of the reuse process.
Estudos bioquímicos e cinéticos de acetilcolinesterases de formigas cortadeiras (Atta sexdens)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2017-09-29) Santos, Adriana Miranda dos; Souza, Dulce Helena Ferreira de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3428955299526003; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6845476344714243
Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) (EC 3.1.1.7) is the enzyme responsible for catalyzing the hydrolysis of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine leading to the release of acetate and choline. In insects, acetylcholine is one of the most important neurotransmitters, and inhibition of AChE produces a generalized synaptic collapse causing the insect death. AChE is, thus, an important target for the development of new insecticides. In this context, this work describes the results obtained in the production of the active recombinant enzyme, expressed in Pichia pastoris and obtained through the gene coding for AChE of A. sexdens, cloned in the pPICZα-A vector. By sequencing the positive clone the sequence of the recombinant AChE was obtained and, by homology, a three-dimensional model was constructed and validated. In addition, this work presents, for the first time, the isolation, purification and biochemical characterization of two native AChE from Atta sexdens (AsAChE-A and AsAChE-B). The kinetic constants were determined using the colorimetric method with the enzymes in solution and acetylthiocholine as the substrate. The isolated enzymes were immobilized on fused silica capillary to produce AsAChE-A and AsAChE-B IMER. IMER activities were measured by quantification of the hydrolysis product of acetylcholine by zonal bioaffinity chromatography with mass spectrometry detection (LC-MS) to produce Michaelis-Menten constants. The differences in affinity for the substrates used: acetylthiocholine (colorimetric method) and acetylcholine (LC-MS) reveal AsAChE-B as the enzyme with the highest affinity for the natural substrate, a result confirmed, also, by measuring choline production with the enzyme in solution. The screening assay was validated using tacrine and galantamine as standard inhibitors of AChE, and the IMERs produced were used for screening inhibitors in a synthetic hydantoin (n = 12) collection. The results presented in this work show the importance of the use of acetylcholine (natural substrate) in AChE activity and inhibition assays.
Desenvolvimento de um compósito inseticida-fertilizante microencapsulado para promover o aumento de produtividade agrícola
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2017-09-29) Durango, Luis Guillermo Cuadrado; Forim, Moacir Rossi; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1234565160573730; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2411128699194186
The main objective of this work was to develop a bioinsecticide-fertilizer model for pest insect control, formulated with extract of Azadirachta indica A. Juss. and humic acids as polymer matrix and fertilizer agent. Formulation methods with different natural polymeric matrices such as lignin and poly(ε-caprolactone) were developed to compare yield, cost, environmental advantages and efficacy. Among the proposed nano/microencapsulation methods, the main one was the precipitation of the preformed polymer. The extracts and products were quantified by validating an analytical method to quantify the azadirachtin content by High Efficiency Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). Subsequently, different nano/micro characterization methods were used to evaluate the stability of nano/microparticles in colloidal suspension, investigating the stability and properties of the natural nano/microencapsulated product, particle size, zeta potential, distribution of polymer molar mass, the content of the active compound before and after the encapsulation process, and the pH from dispersion medium. The formulation promoted gains in UV-light and thermal stability of approximately 50% to nano/microencapsulated azadirachtin, maintaining the efficient insecticide action to Spodoptera frugiperda. The data obtained in biological bioassays showed a mortality rate higher than 50% to the formulated products compared to the nonencapsulated Azadirachta indica A. Juss extract as control in the mean evaluation of 10 days. Finally, the evaluation of the duality of the function of humic acids in the encapsulation process and fertilizer action were significantly relevant, providing average germination in corn plants of 89.1±0.1%, and in the function of polymeric with yields above 70.3±0.1%. The results promoted a micro/nanoencapsulated product formulated with humic acids as a biodegradable polymer matrix and with fertilizer applicability, obtaining a final product, maintaining the stability of the active ingredient and efficient insecticide action against Spodoptera frugiperda, incursion at the development of new micro/nanotechnological strategies for the control of insect pests, reducing the negative impact on the environment medium.
Proposta de intervenção motora e treino de alcance manual para a promoção do desenvolvimento motor e do alcance manual em lactentes abrigados
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2017-09-29) Cabral, Thais Invenção; Tudella, Eloisa; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3207258034860219; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2400104905073029
Introduction: In the first year of life, exploration of the environment allows the infant to learn about the ability to act and use resources of the environment, in order to perform adaptive actions. A stimulating environment favors motor development, while deprivation of stimuli, can cause motor disadvantages in reaching, as well as in gross motor development. Objectives: Study 1) to systematically synthesize evidences of motor intervention types to minimize the impacts of orphanage in infants and children motor development and to verify the effectiveness of these interventions; Study 2) to evaluate the gross motor development of orphaned infants and compare them with non-orphaned infants; Study 3) to verify if a protocol of motor intervention is capable of promoting quantitative changes in the gross motor development of orphaned infants; Study 4) to verify the influence of a training in the reaching of orphaned infants. Methods: Study 1) The searches were performed in PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane, Scielo, Lilacs and Embase databases and through direct searches in article references located in the databases. For the methodological quality assessment, were used a Physiotherapy database (PEDro) and a Newcastle-Ottawa quality assessment scale (NOS); Studies 2, 3, 4) This is a cross-sectional study. Twenty-nine infants (study 2) / 28 infants (studies 3 and 4) were divided into 2 groups: experimental group (n = 13 / n = 12) composed by orphaned infants and the comparison group (n = 16) composed by healthy infants non-orphaned, aged 6 to 7 months. Motor development was assessed using Alberta Infant Motor Scale (AIMS). The reaching was evaluated through the kinematic analysis of the following variables: trunk displacement, movement duration, deceleration index, retirement index, peak velocity, movement units and mean velocity. Infants in the experimental group received a motor intervention protocol (3) and a training for reaching (4) during 2 weeks. A mixed variance analysis was aplied to analyze an interaction between main effects of groups and time. Results: 1) Three articles were eligible for the results synthesis from 123 identified records in the initial searches. Two studies presented the design of a randomized clinical trial and one was a prospective longitudinal study. The two randomized clinical trials presented good methodological quality and the longitudinal study had low methodological quality; 2) There were differences between groups for prone score (p = 0.000046); supine score (p = 0.009) sitting score (p = 0.002) total score (p = 0.000126) and percentile (p = 0.000385); 3) There was difference in all postures in the pre-intervention: prone (F [2, 27] = 29,386; (p <0.0001), supine (F [2, 27] = 15,830, p = 0,0001), sitting (F [2, 27] = 12,025, p = 0,000) and in standing posture (F [2,27] = 5.322, p = 0.008). In the total score there was significant intra-group difference (F [2, 27] = 28,188; p = 0.0001), as well as in the percentile (F [2, 27] = 25,407; p = 0.0001); 4) There was a significant group*time interaction for the deceleration index variable (F [1.26] = 3.87, p = 0.02, η2 = 0.13). For the retirement index variable (F [2.52] = 4.45, p = 0.02, η2 = 0.15) and movement unit (F [2.52] = 3.42, p = 0, 04, η2 = 0.11) there was a significant effect of time. Discussion: The mechanisms of motor development of orphaned infants are few investigated. However, in this study, a motor intervention protocol and reaching training, were capable of promoting quantitative changes in the development of orphaned infants. Therefore sensory-motor experiences seem to favor an overcoming of intrinsic limitations, as well as environmental restrictions. Conclusion: The scientific community could turn to intervention studies for orphaned infants, as the number of this population increases each year because of the world poverty condition, the number of users of illicit drugs and the increase of natural disasters. It is a matter of public health.
Aplicação de programação linear na seleção de carteiras de investimento
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2017-09-29) Siervo, Juliano Squarsone Di; Carvalho, Silvia Maria Simões de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8244087426759161; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9320252348695637
It is shown in this dissertation the applicability of Harry M. Markowitz´s Modern Theory, allied to Operation Research, in the diversification of actions in an investment portfolio, minimizing its total risk in a given expected feedback. So, Linear Programming is used in order to model the portfolio´s variance, and the Simplex Method to determine the optimized portfolio. In a second step, Quadract Programming is used in order to model the portfolio´s variance and the model is implemented in the software MATLAB. Based on the results, their relevance an advantages are discussed.
Constituição docente do enfermeiro: o estado da arte das produções brasileiras
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2017-09-29) Agnelli, Jeferson Cesar Moretti; Nakayama, Bárbara Cristina Moreira Sicardi; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9746628149674449; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4831616642472060
The action of teaching is strongly rooted in a teacher's training. Assuming that teaching is one of the possible fields of action of the nurse, and that it requires specific training considering that it constitutes a field of science, the present research aims to understand the Nursing Teacher Constitution based on Brazilian productions. Bringing with it several elements of personal experience that emerges from the condition of the researcher as a nurse and a nursing teacher, intentionally responding the research question: is it enough to be a nurse to be a nursing teacher? Is there a relation of proximity from the nurse with the teaching and pedagogical knowledge during the professional practice of teaching? Do nurses have eligible criteria for teacher training during nursing graduation or in teacher training courses? In this context, we chose to conduct the type of the research from the state of art, having Romanowski (2006) as a theoretical reference. We made a search for Brazilian productions in the Bank of Theses and Dissertations and Portal of Periodicals from CAPES. We identified 50 productions that enabled us to discuss the Nursing Teacher Constitution from the training for professional practice in Technical and Higher Education and from the teaching practice of the Professor Nurse. We draw from this study that the Nursing Teacher Constitution from the training is given through the degree in nursing or through graduate programs. The constitution from the teaching practice is given through the experiential knowledge and initial training for teaching. We understand, however, that the nurses' constitution is multifaceted, taking as possible paths the pedagogical training programs as both (initial and continued) as well as the path of the teaching practice itself.
Conservação do papagaio-galego Alipiopsitta xanthops no estado de São Paulo : estudo de uma população in situ e análises comportamentais em cativeiro e vida livre
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2017-09-29) Beltrame, Luisa Bontorin; Moschini, Luiz Eduardo; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2728357583462262; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1213925281883410
The Cerrado biome is a brazilian hotspot included among the most endangered biomes in the world. The Yellow-faced Parrot (Alipiopsitta xanthops) is one of the parrot species that are suffering with the current alterations on the biome. This species is endemic of the brazilian Cerrado and was once considered probably extinct in the state of São Paulo. Species conservation strategies should consider ex situ and in situ approaches. Therefore, this study intended to enlarge the in situ and ex situ knowledge about the Yellow-face Parrot in the state of São Paulo, aiming to stablish the minimum necessities for the species populations’ management in the remaining habitats in the state, and also provide behavioral information for the species in order to enable the in situ and ex situ management of the species. The in situ studies of the population were made at the municipality of Rifaina, northeastern region of the state of São Paulo, selected after ecological niche modeling results. The fieldwork comprised two field trips of ten days each. Active searches for the species were conducted on the region and the behavioral records were made using the Ad libitum method. The initial ex situ data collection for the species was based on a survey intended to animal-keeper institutions in the states of São Paulo and Minas Gerais. The ex situ behavioral studies were conducted on three animalkeeper institutions in the state of São Paulo, using the Ad libitum method followed by the “Focal Animal” method for quantification. A new occurrence area of the species was identified in the state of São Paulo, and behavioral, populational and dietary information were provided, including the use of anthropized areas for the species. In view of this new area of occurrence for the species and its use of anthropized areas, conservation actions become necessary in order to maintain the minimal conditions for the population maintenance in the region. Considering the ex situ data obtained, reproductive behaviors were recorded in captive animals despite the few occurrences of these behaviors reported by the keeper institutions. This fact, in addition to the record of normal behaviors for the group, elect the species as able to conservation strategies focused on captivity reproduction, in order to maintain backup populations.
Mapeamentos geoambientais, em escala 1:50.000, aplicados em análises de planejamento territorial de manancial periurbano : bacia do Ribeirão do Feijão, São Carlos, SP
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2017-09-29) Costa, Carlos Wilmer; Lorandi, Reinaldo; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7794241793056671; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6913631503818679
The fact that Ribeirão do Feijão basin (243.16km²) is a source of water supply for the city of São Carlos, the disorderly and, many times, chaotic urban sprawl, and the occurrence in its majority of the Botucatu Formation, were the reasons for this work. This way, studies involving physical medium (rocks, climate, relief, soil and water bodies), biotic (vegetation) and anthropic (soil cover and land use) attributes were developed. In this context, geoenvironmental mapping was a subsidy for the land planning with the elaboration of cartographic documents in a scale of 1:50.000, representing the basin environmental diagnosis. The main cartographic documents, elaborated from the matching of attributes in a GIS environment, were the charts of potential contamination of aquifers, surface runoff and accelerated erosion, and the basin geomorphologic map. The results evidenced that the analysis performed are compatible with the local conditions represented by the morphostructure of the Paraná Sedimentary Basin. The potential contamination of the aquifers varies from Medium to Very High due to the combination of land uses, resulting from the indiscriminate use of agrochemicals, overlay lithology and types of soils with sandy matrix, in low declivity terrains, thus favoring the infiltration of contaminants. In greater parts of the spring a low potential of surface runoff and Medium potential of accelerated erosion (86.12% of the basin) were also noted. In this case, the accelerated erosive process (381 ravines and 19 gullies) are directly related to sandy soil areas, extensive livestock and sugar-cane. The morphogenetic Neo-quaternary processes are intensified in areas of higher surface runoff, in the Sandy-Clay Hills of High Convex Hilltops, once they concentrate 32.8% of ravines and 21.1% of gullies. The recharge of groundwater is intensified in the Sandy Hills and in Low Convex Hilltops, once they are positioned in regions of low surface runoff potential, due to low declivities (between 0 and 10%), lithology and sandy soils.