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Influência da mescla de resinas uréia formaldeído e difenilmetano 4,4’- diisocianato (MDI) nas propriedades mecânicas e emissão de formaldeído de painéis de madeira aglomerada
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2017-12-08) Carneiro, Taís de Lima Alves; Menezes, Aparecido Junior de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8018767699809011; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8018767699809011
Several studies take place in order to reduce and even extinguish formaldehyde use in its various applications. This is due to its classification as a carcinogen according to the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC). Most of the formaldehyde production is destined to obtain amino resins. After the synthesis of these resins formaldehyde being fully reacted is no longer found free and therefore presents no carcinogenicity risk. However, these amine resins when used as a binder in wood composites, can release formaldehyde. MDP (medium density particleboard) panels were produced on laboratory scale using as binder urea formaldehyde resin and the mixture of urea formaldehyde resin with MDI (diphenylmethane 4,4 'diisocyanate). The MDI partially replaced the formaldehyde urea resin at concentrations of 10%, 20% and 30% in order to evaluate in these mixtures the influence on perpendicular tensile strength, also known as internal adhesion, in determining swelling and water absorption after immersion For 2 hours and 24 hours, formaldehyde emission and flexural strength. The resin blend was effective in reducing the emission of formaldehyde and an increase in the mechanical properties was possible. Among the conditions evaluated, condition 3, with 20% of methyl 4,4 'diisocyanate (MDI) and 80% of formaldehyde urea, presented the most satisfactory results in relation to cost-benefit. In condition 3, the formaldehyde emission was reduced by 75% and the results of the mechanical properties evaluated were satisfactory. In all analyzes, an increase was observed in relation to the panels produced with urea formaldehyde resin.
Alterações biomecânicas e de sensibilidade à dor relacionadas ao encurtamento da cápsula posterior do ombro – Avaliação e tratamento
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2017-12-08) Rosa, Dayana Patricia; Borstad, John David; Camargo, Paula Rezende; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7602596349127054; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2851503771398593
Some studies have shown that posterior capsule tightness may be related to shoulder dysfunctions and alterations in range of motion. However, there is no consensus in literature about how to specifically assess posterior capsule tightness, considering that bony adaptions, as humeral retroversion, may influence the clinical measurements suggested in previous studies. Furthermore, few studies have evaluated the effect of interventions on the posterior capsule tightness. In addition, the low quality of the studies limits the clinical decision-making. The aims of this thesis were: 1) to assess scapular and humeral kinematics, shoulder range of motion and external rotators strength, pressure pain threshold, pain and function in individuals with posterior capsule tightness with and without shoulder pain; 2) to compare the effects of a specific and a non-specific intervention to posterior capsule tightness and pain in individuals with capsule tightness and shoulder pain on the same outcomes presented in aim 1; 3) to determine how the posterior capsule tightness and humeral retroversion interact and influence measurements used to measure shoulder range of motion in the clinical practice. The posterior capsule tightness was quantified by the Low Flexion test. The humeral retroversion was quantified using the bicipital forearm angle. The electromagnetic system was used to measure kinematics. Digital inclinometer, dynamometer and goniometer were used to assess range of motion, muscle strength and pressure pain threshold, respectively. The Shoulder Pain and Disabilities Index (SPADI) assessed shoulder pain and function. In general, the results showed that individuals with shoulder pain presented changes in scapular and humeral kinematics and in shoulder range of motion, which were not intensified with posterior capsule tightness. However, the capsule tightness associated to shoulder pain contributed to worse pain and function of the shoulder, and decreased pressure pain threshold, which suggest increased pain sensitivity. After 4 weeks of intervention, only the specific one decreased the posterior capsule tightness. Both protocols decreased the humeral translations, shoulder pain and increased shoulder range of motion and pressure pain threshold. The posterior capsule tightness and humeral retroversion influenced the clinical measurements, but the two combined condition showed greater shoulder range of motion deficit. Thus, it is believed that individuals with the same musculoskeletal dysfunction, as shoulder pain, may respond differently to pain and develop individual adaptations to avoid pain and to preserve function. Further investigation of the clinical measurements used in the present study is needed in individuals with shoulder dysfunction.
Redução de ruído speckle em imagens de ultrassom com filtragem não-local e distâncias estocásticas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2017-12-08) Santos, Cid Adinam Nogueira; Mascarenhas, Nelson Delfino d'Ávila; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0557976975338451; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0284183440890032
Ultrasound imaging is one of the most used modalities in medicine since it is low cost and has no ionizing radiation. However, ultrasound images are corrupted by a signal-dependent noise, known as speckle, causing a granular pattern that makes it difficult for visual or automatic image interpretation. Many filters have been proposed in the literature for speckle removal, and more recently, a great deal of attention has been focused on non-local techniques, as the non-local means filter (NLM) and the block-matching collaborative filtering (BM3D). The central idea of these recent methods is a measure of similarity between patches, originally proposed as the Euclidean distance for filtering additive white Gaussian noise. In this work, an approach is proposed for reducing speckle noise based on the non-local techniques and using the support of the information theory. Stochastic distances are derived for Rayleigh, Nakagami and Fisher-Tippett distributions, and used as similarity measures in NLM and BM3D filters. Two methods are applied to generate these stochastic distances. The first method is based on symmetrized statistical divergences and the second one related to the geodesic distances in probabilistic spaces. Although similar approaches already exist to despeckle synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images, here they are adapted and extended, in an unprecedented way, to handle the specificities of the ultrasound images.