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Análise temporal do processo de ocupação dos vazios urbanos no município de São Carlos, SP : sob a ótica de uma cidade compacta
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-01-12)
Barbosa, Yanayne Benetti
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Gonçalves, Luciana Márcia
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9491069760631962
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Lollo, José Augusto de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8987677644041247
In this work, the mapping and analysis of the urban voids of São Carlos (SP), through GIS, showed the spatial dynamics through the valorization and or depreciation that urban areas present. The objective of this study was to analyze the the urban voids in different urban areas (established by the Plano Director) considering the years 2004 and 2014, in the municipality of São Carlos, SP. As a result, we highlight the detailed characterization of the historical series of land value in the urban voids and surroundings in the last twenty years. In addition, it is proposed a scenario that made it possible to simulate occupation that resulted in almost 40 thousand inhabitants in urban voids, maintaining the profile of occupancy and densification in urban zoning. Inside the new limit and rules of the 2016 Plano Diretor, the occupation of urban voids may promote, in addition to the occupation, a greater density, without need to increase the urban perimeter to fulfill the social function of the use of urban land, thus reducing the costs of deploying new urban infrastructure
Otimização do controle do oxigênio dissolvido em biorreator airlift pressurizado: aplicação em cultivos de Escherichia coli recombinante
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-01-12)
Campani Junior, Gilson
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Ribeiro, Marcelo Perencin de Arruda
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0381402687491195
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Zangirolami, Teresa Cristina
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4546701843297248
A wide variety of industrial and therapeutic proteins is synthetized by genetically modified Escherichia coli, which is ease to cultivate and manipulate and also well characterized. However, there are only few studies regarding E. coli cultivation in the pneumatic airlift bioreactor. This reactor presents some advantages over the stirred tank, such as simpler construction, lower risk of contamination, and efficient gas-liquid dispersion with reduced power consumption. However, the lower oxygen transfer capacity in the bench-scale airlift bioreactor, in comparison to the stirred tank, justifies the use of temperature, pressure, and gas and oxygen flow rates as manipulated variables for the dissolved oxygen (DO) control. In this context, this thesis aims: (i) to develop a mathematical model that describes the production of the Pneumococcal Surface Protein A (PspA) by recombinant E. coli in a pressurized airlift reactor, taking into account oxygen transfer and uptake in the process; (ii) to perform economic optimization of the DO control; (iii) to develop an advanced DO controller integrated to state estimators. Data of E. coli cultivation in conventional and airlift reactors were used to identify and validate the models. The dynamic optimization was performed using a gradient method based on the Pontryagin's minimum principle. The developed mathematical models were able to describe the process under varying conditions of temperature and pressure. The dynamic optimization of the DO control resulted in a simple and sequential way of handling the inputs: manipulation of air flow rate, followed by system pressurization, and then air enrichment with pure oxygen. The optimum process temperature was 27 °C. A model predictive DO control was then proposed, associated to two state estimators, the extended Kalman filter (EKF) and the moving horizon estimator (MHE). They were both able to estimate satisfactorily four state variables (cell, substrate, PspA, and DO concentrations) based only on DO measurements. The control system proved to be robust in process simulations. The conclusions that arise from this thesis contribute to the area of development of non-conventional reactors and DO controllers, especially for pneumatic bioreactors, which are widely used in aerobic bioprocesses.
Efeito de pausas ativas e passivas e da variação de ritmo de trabalho na atividade eletromiográfica e oxigenação de músculos escapulotorácicos em mulheres com e sem dor no pescoço-ombro durante a realização de uma tarefa manual repetitiva.
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-01-12)
Januário, Letícia Bergamin
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Oliveira, Ana Beatriz de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1049547759186556
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4211382316214060
The main objective of this PhD thesis was to evaluate the effects of including active pauses and changing work pace on the neck-shoulder region of women during a repetitive simulated industrial task, considering the measurements of surface electromyography, muscle oxygenation and 2D kinematics. This research was based on four studies: (Study 1) the synthesis of the methods used to apply and analyze the active pauses during the performance of monotonous, repetitive and static tasks, through a systematic review; (Study 2) the investigation of the effects of active and passive pauses and the implementation of different work paces on the electromyographic activity (EMG) of trapezius and anterior serratus muscles during a repetitive task performed by women without musculoskeletal symptoms on the neck- shoulder region; (Study 3) the evaluation of the effects of active and passive pauses, on upper trapezius muscle oxygenation and upper body posture, considering a single work pace and comparing women with and without neck-shoulder pain; and finally (Study 4) the investigation of implementing different work paces on the functional connectivity from muscles of the scapulothoracic region during the performance of a repetitive task performed by women with and without musculoskeletal symptoms on the neck-shoulder region. The literature review included 15 studies and found that active pauses were partially able to change the EMG level during monotonous activities to a more beneficial pattern of muscle activity. However, the synthesis of evidence was limited and the results should be considered with caution. On the other studies (2-4), the experimental procedure used to evaluate the active pauses and the implementation of different work pace in an experimental setting was based on a standard, repetitive, monotonous and assembly-like task. We evaluated women with and without chronic pain in the neck-shoulder region in terms of EMG of acromial and clavicular portions of the upper trapezius, middle trapezius, lower trapezius and anterior serratus muscles; (b) upper trapezius muscle oxygenation; (c) posture of head, trunk and arm. The Study 2 pointed out that contrary to the hypothesis raised, no interaction between work pace and pause type was found. The slow pace resulted in an acute decrease in biomechanical exposure in terms of EMG and more variation in the activation pattern of scapulothoracic muscles when compared to the same task performed at fast pace. Considering the types of pauses applied, no significant difference was found between passive and active pauses, contrary to previous studies, except that the active pauses resulted in an increased EMG activation level in the clavicular portion of the upper trapezius. Study 3 reveled that active pauses are capable of promoting an increase in muscle oxygenation of the dominant upper trapezius and also modifying the postures of head, upper trunk and arm during a repetitive assembly task, but unlike hypothesized women with and without neck-shoulder pain had similar results in terms of oxygenation and postures of the upper body region. Study 4 revealed that contrary to our hypothesis, the groups with and without neck-shoulder pain had similar electromyographic patterns in terms of EMG amplitude, muscular rest level and functional connectivity. When comparing paces, it was possible to observe that the fast movement pace imposed a greater biomechanical load, evidenced by higher amplitude EMG, lower degree of muscular rest and higher level of functional connectivity in comparison to the slow pace. Generally, we can conclude that the proposed interventions did not interact between themselves and that no significant differences between women with and without neck-shoulder pain were found in terms of EMG, oxygenation and posture. The slow pace led to a higher variation and lower functional connectivity of the scapulothoracic muscles, which indicates a decrease on the biomechanical load of this region. The active pauses pointed out towards benefits in terms of muscle oxygenation and upper body posture, even though no significant differences were found in terms of EMG when compared with passive pauses.
Modelagem matemática na educação matemática brasileira : histórias em movimento
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-01-15)
Magnus, Maria Carolina Machado
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Duarte, Claudia Glavam
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9441432616334471
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Caldeira, Ademir Donizeti
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8185048034258055
The present research was developed in 2 movements. In movement 1, I describe the history of Modeling, a story written from what counts the theses and dissertations defended in Brazil, from 1987 to 2016. The document history seeks an origin and shows the development of Modeling in a linear and evolutionary way, free of mishaps and discontinuities. In movement 2, the goal is to write the history of the present modeling - history monument - to show the conditions of possibilities for its emergence, the cracks that this discourse underwent in the course and the marks of the past in the present - its regularities. The theoretical-methodological contributions, which support the writing of monument history, are linked to the theorizations of the philosopher Michel Foucault. The analytical material covers theses and dissertations, annals of the National Conference on Modeling in Mathematics Education and interviews. The analysis of these materials evidenced that the emergence of the modeling discourse occurs in the midst of a crisis in the teaching of Mathematics, consisting of the following statements: “students have difficulty in learning Mathematics” and “Mathematics is distant from reality”. The scrutiny of the material also gives visibility to some discursive discontinuities: the modeling discourse when intertwining with the constructivist discourse, in the 1980s, displaces the sense of studying from models - product - to construct models – process; from the economic and political conditions experienced in Brazil, the discussion about the formation of a critical and reflective subject emerges in the 1990s, in the discursive plots of Modeling, evidencing that the discourse of Modeling is also an identity question. Afterwards, the analysis gives visibility to the modeling discourse as a mechanism for the privileging of the school content, showing that Modeling legitimizes and supports the curricular machinery and, also, is sustained and legitimized by it.
Integração energética de biorrefinarias de cana-de-açúcar com operação multiperiódica
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-01-16)
Oliveira, Cássia Maria de
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Costa, Caliane Bastos Borba
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1602653870311562
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Cruz, Antonio José Gonçalves da
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1812806190521028
Brazil has a great importance as biofuels producer, especially of ethanol from sugarcane. The bagasse, a byproduct of sugarcane biorefineries, can be used to generate electricity and produce second generation ethanol. However, variations in prices of electricity and ethanol may motivate variations in the operating conditions of the integrated biorefinery process, which produces first and second generation ethanol and bioelectricity. The heat exchanger network (HEN) of such a process must be able to meet these variations. This work aimed the synthesis of multiperiod HEN in sugarcane biorefineries. In this approach, each period indicates a process condition and the HEN synthesized is able to meet these different operating conditions. Three industrial case studies are considered. Case Study 1 (CS1) is a biorefinery that produces 1G/2G ethanol and electricity, disposing the pentoses fraction. In Case Studies 2 and 3, CS2 and CS3, the process is similar, but the pentoses fraction is used to produce ethanol (CS2) or biogas (CS3). For each biorefinery, three periods were considered, which differ in the bagasse fraction diverted to 2G ethanol production. In each period, a Mixed Integer Nonlinear Programming (MINLP) problem was solved to minimize the total annualized cost (TAC) and timesharing mechanisms were used to integrate the HENs of all periods into a multiperiod HEN. Optimization problems were solved at two levels using three different strategies. In the first strategy, an adapted Particle Swarm Optimization algorithm was used in both levels. However, the solutions by this method presented small TAC improvements compared to the process commonly found in Brazilian plants, where there is already energy integration among some process streams (called in this work of the process with project integration). To deal with this problem, two strategies were employed with hybrid metaheuristics: Simulated Annealing and Rocket Fireworks Optimization; and Tabu Search and Particle Swarm Optimization. For processes with the multiperiod HENs, these latter two strategies presented reductions above 58% and 54% in TAC and steam demand, respectively, compared to processes without energy integration. Also, using the aforementioned methods, improvements in TAC and steam demand for process with the multiperiod HENs reach values above 44% and 41%, respectively, in relation to processes with project integration. Such reductions in steam demand allow diverting more bagasse to produce second generation ethanol. In addition, energy integration in biorefineries provides improved energy management and reduced operating and capital costs. Thus, all these improvements contribute to 1G/2G ethanol and electricity production process.
Influência do sistema histaminérgico cerebelar no comportamento locomotor e ansiedade de camundongos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-01-16)
Guilherme, Evelyn Maria
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Gianlorenço, Anna Carolyna Lepesteur
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3861050459671690
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6269689282970701
The cerebellum is an important structure of the central nervous system with participation in motor and non-motor functions. The histaminergic system has a major role on the cerebellar neuronal circuit, but its function is not fully understood. The histamine can act through four types of receptors: H1, H2, H3 and H4. There are few studies about the role of the cerebellar histaminergic system on motor and non-motor functions. Thus, the main objective of this study is to investigate the effects of the intravermis cerebellar microinjections of histaminergic compounds, proposing a possible interaction of this system and the cerebellum on the modulation of motor and non-motor functions. The study was composed by five experiments, to evaluate the effects of Histamine (experiment 1), H1 receptor antagonist Chlorpheniramine (experiment 2), H2 receptor antagonist Ranitidine (experiment 3), H3 receptor antagonist Thioperamide (experiment 4) and H4 receptor agonist VUF-8430 (experiment 5) on the locomotor and anxiety-like behaviors in mice exposed to the open field test. A stereotaxic surgery was performed, and a guide canulla was implanted into the cerebellar vermis of mice weighing between 25 – 35g. Three days after surgery, the animals received the microinjection and were exposed to the open field behavioral test. The number of crossed quadrants, number of rearings and time in the central area was measured. The histological analysis confirmed the place of the microinjection. The statistical analysis was composed by one way ANOVA, follow by Duncan’s post hoc when appropriate. The results indicate that the higher doses of chlorpheniramine and VUF has an anxiogenic effect associated to increase of the locomotor and exploratory behaviors of mice, indicating a possible modulation of the cerebellar histaminergic system in these functions, through H1 and H4 receptors.
The Wishing Box e The Fifty-Ninth Bear: a rasura do casamento em Sylvia Plath
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-01-18)
Oliveira, Matheus Torres de
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Ferreira, Carla Alexandra
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5522506928191940
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4547827760686190
The present thesis aims to study the short stories The Wishing Box and The Fifty-Ninth Bear, by Sylvia Plath, under theoretical and critical perspectives which allow it to observe a dialogue in those texts with their historical context, on a dialectical relation between form and content as postulated by Fredric Jameson. We intend to elucidate how those narratives can be read beyond the autobiographical and therefore they articulate in their formal structure a female critical view of marriage in Cold War America. Historicizing both of these short stories using alterity as mediator and following the cultural model of understanding the female literary tradition, we will semantically broaden her criticism by inserting the fragments in the History. In addition, this critical exam, by electing Plath's short prose, allows us to shed light on the overlooked scope of her ouvre.
Metais potencialmente tóxicos em ambiente aquático: utilização de geoprocessamento para identificação de fontes poluidoras.
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-01-18)
Marzola, Elisabete Leide
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Oliveira, Luciana Camargo de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6238603150964753
The Pirapora River is an important source that supplies the cities of the region of Sorocaba / SP. The place chosen for this work is located in the city of Salto de Pirapora. The city of Salto de Pirapora stands out in the mining activity and planting of eucalyptus. The objective of this research was to quantify the metals Ba, Cr, Fe, Mn, Pb and Zn in samples of water from the Pirapora River by verifying the total metals (AT), bioavailable (BIO) and in natura (IN) determined with the physical-chemical parameters and with the use and occupation of the soil. In order to do so, water samples were collected in the Pirapora River at 5 different points and quantified in MPAES 4200 equipment. The concentrations of metallic species were evaluated: available in the aquatic ecosystem at the natural pH of the environment (IN), bound to sites that are easily reducible and / or weakly bound to organic matter (MO) in suspension (BIO) and strongly bound to MO and inorganic suspension (TA). The evaluations related to the use and occupation of the soil were analyzed by the application of unsupervised standard methods such as Hierarchical Analysis by Clustering (AHA), Principal Component Analysis (PCA), also using geoprocessing with an interpolation method, Kriging, that allows a continuous spatial representation of a set of samples. The results showed that the concentration of the Cr, Fe, Pb and Zn metals was higher in the AT samples. In this respect it can be inferred that these metals are strongly bound to suspended structures or colloidal material. Potentially toxic metals (Ba, Pb, Cr, Fe, Zn) showed a significant difference in temporal distribution. As for Zn and Mn, the exploratory analysis revealed differences in spatial variability along the Pirapora River. All determined metal species presented lower values than those established by Brazilian Resolution CONAMA 357/05, except for Fe. Fourteen land use patterns were evaluated as possible contaminant sources in the environment.
Estudo do SnO2 como fotocatalisador para a degradação da rodamina B: fatores limitantes e estratégias para aumento da fotoatividade
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-01-19)
Silva, Fernando Barbosa de Freitas
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Oliveira, Cauê Ribeiro de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5321313558714462
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8659989494449396
The photocatalytic activity of SnO2 was assessed according to the surface processing used for its surface activation. Mechanical activation by grinding and hydrothermal treatments under different conditions were applied to the SnO2 particles. It was observed that the grinding of SnO2 particles synthesized by the hydrolysis method resulted in a significant increase in its photocatalytic activity without any phase change. Ball milling was responsible for breaking the xerogel structure and creating defects on the surface of the oxide, which favored hydroxylation/adsorption of water on the surface of the particles, making them more photoactive. Higher hydroxylation/adsorption of water was observed by near infrared spectroscopy (NIR) and also by the generation of hydroxyl radicals using a terephthalic acid solution. The hydrothermal treatment of SnO2 nanoparticles also resulted in a positive effect on photocatalytic activity, but less significant than grinding. The formation of SnO2:Nb2O5 heterostructures from preformed particles was assessed. Milling did not activate the Nb2O5 surface, however, the hydrothermal treatment resulted in surface activation due to the cleaning of impurities. With the best processing conditions of SnO2 and Nb2O5 nanoparticles, the heterostructures were synthesized in a hydrothermal reactor using the preformed nanoparticles. It was observed that heterostructures, in all proportions tested, were more active than the corresponding physical mixtures, the most effective being the one containing 25% of Nb2O5.
Letramento estatístico: análise e reflexões sobre as tarefas contidas no material didático da Secretária Estadual de Educação de São Paulo para o ensino médio
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-01-22)
Cobello, Lucas Soares
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Oliveira, Paulo César
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7516513469811353
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2712365783854649
This dissertation is focused on statistical education in high school, in order to carry out the analysis of the tasks proposed in the material distributed by the State Department of Education of São Paulo, known as Teacher's Notebook and Student Notebook. This analysis had as educational product the elaboration of a teaching sequence based on these reflections and based on our theoretical references, these being the statistical literacy proposed by Iddo Gal, the registers of semiotic representation of Raymond Duval and the levels of comprehension and reading of graphs proposed by Frances R. Curcio. We tried to answer the following research question: what are the levels of literacy addressed in the learning situations of the Teacher's and Student's Notebook? For this we developed a qualitative documentary research. First, a bibliographical survey was carried out, with the objective of knowing the scenario of statistical education and its challenges, the analysis and reflection of the contents present in the curricular documents in force at national and state level were analyzed, the statistical literacy for secondary education . The investigation of the content of these tasks, pointed out that they present interesting themes to approach, such as the question of social inequality or the evaluation of the temperature of a region, however, the context treated is questionable in relation to the students' daily lives. Based on the problems found, a didactic sequence is presented that can guide the work of the teacher in the classroom, enabling the statistical literacy to be developed in its various elements of knowledge and disposition.
Efeitos de um programa de intervenção domiciliar na satisfação, qualidade de vida e ocupações de cuidadores de adolescentes com paralisia cerebral: estudo de dois casos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-01-22)
Costa, Jacqueline Denubila
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Cruz, Daniel Marinho Cezar da
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7350460642976728
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4862135675966648
Introduction: Adolescents with cerebral palsy may present, according to the severity of the case, a high level of dependence on their relatives. This factor can have an impact on the health and quality of life of these caregivers. Therefore, it is necessary to reduce the impact of disability on the caregivers and, in this sense, the intervention model focused on the family seeks to offer support, information and respect the needs and desires of families, incorporating such demands in the intervention program. Objectives: to test the effects of a home intervention program for adolescents with cerebral palsy on the quality of life of caregivers. Methodology: This is a two-case study, mixed, almost experimental, comparative, prospective and with pre and post-test. The inclusion criteria used were: caregivers who accompany adolescents with clinical diagnosis of cerebral palsy who are aged between 10 and 19 years, for at least one year and who do not receive any kind of remuneration for care; caregivers of adolescents with cerebral palsy who use wheelchairs in a home environment for at least one year. Two informal caregivers participated, one being 48 years old and the second with 77, both with exclusive dedication to care tasks, as well as the respective adolescents with cerebral palsy (14 and 19 years old). Outcome instruments and equipment used were: Quebec User Evaluation of Satisfaction with Assistive Technology (QUEST 2.0), Canadian Measurement of Occupational Performance (COPM), World Health Organization Quality of Life (abbreviated version WOQHOL-Bref) and use of time, semi-structured interview script and seat simulator and wheelchair backrest. The study was developed in four phases: pre-test, intervention, post-test and follow-up. Data were analyzed from simple descriptive statistical analysis. Results: caregivers raised occupational performance problems related to occupational areas of self care, sleep, leisure and work. After the intervention program, there was an increase in the performance scores for these occupations - mean scores went from 4 to 5.3 for caregiver A and from 6 to 6.3 for caregiver B, maintenance of satisfaction for the occupations raised by the caregiver A (average of 5.3) and increased satisfaction for the occupations indicated by caregiver B (mean went from 4.3 to 4.6). Likewise, there was an improvement in satisfaction with Assistive Technology (AT) and services, with an absolute score increase from 29 to 31 points (caregiver A) and from 12 to 18 points (caregiver B). In addition, in the post-test phase the WHOQOL-BREF scores increased from 92 to 100 for caregiver A and 74 for 77 for caregiver B. However, during the follow-up phase, it was possible to observe a decrease in these scores - returning to 92 for caregiver A and 62 for caregiver B. Caregivers perceive AT as a facilitator for the functionality of adolescents and for their own quality of life. However, they reported barriers related to the size of the resource and the use of adaptations to improve posture. Conclusion: intervention programs that use the assumptions of the family-focused model have demonstrated the potential to impact the quality of life of caregivers, the quality of care tasks exercised and the satisfaction with the use of AT.
SCAS-Fuzzy: uma estratégia semiautomática para seleção de estudos primários em estudos secundários
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-01-23)
Octaviano, Fábio Roberto
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Fabbri, Sandra Camargo Pinto Ferraz
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2204086299921323
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3503356336449703
Context: Systematic review and systematic mapping are secondary studies used to identify and aggregate relevant literature evidence on a research question of interest. One of the activities associated with secondary studies is the selection of primary studies, which is a manual activity and may require great effort from the researchers. The quality of the selection of primary studies directly affects the overall quality of the secondary studies. Objective: To propose a strategy called SCAS-Fuzzy (Score Citation semi-Automatic Selection using Fuzzy set) to automate part of the activity of selection of primary studies, minimizing the effort required in this activity, but maintaining the quality of the selection. Methodology: it was proposed a semi-automatic strategy for the selection of primary studies based on two functionalities: the score and whether a study is cited or not, which was called SCAS. It was evaluated through a case study and an experiment, which showed promising results. Then, ways to improve it were investigated and a citation coefficient was created, which now considers the number of citations caught by a study and the year of its publication, besides using fuzzy logic for classification of studies, which is now based on their scores and citation coefficients. The improved strategy, called SCAS-Fuzzy, was evaluated through a case study. Results: the case study showed that, for the five systematic reviews considered, the general effort reduction applying the SCAS-Fuzzy strategy was 39.1% and the error percentage was 0.3% for automatically excluding studies and 3.3% for automatically including studies when compared to manual review, showing a substantial level of agreement with reviewers. Conclusion: based on the results it is possible to conclude that the SCAS-Fuzzy strategy provided satisfactory results to reduce the effort of the initial selection activity and with a very low amount of evidence loss, maintaining the quality of the secondary study, also presenting better results in general in relation to the original defined SCAS strategy.
Educação especial na formação em educação física : um olhar sobre os planos de ensino das licenciaturas paranaenses
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-01-23)
Ranzan, Mayara Erbes
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Denari, Fátima Elisabeth
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5575213011914394
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6333786846955359
With the intent of increasing debates and reflections about the formation of professors on Physical Education courses and the relationship of this formation at work with disabled people, the current study seeks to analyze the discipline’s teaching plan focused on the acting with this segment, to identify its present reality, in the State of Parana’s context. Thus, this study’s objective is to identify and analyze the aspects that involve specific disciplines, with the purpose of gathering current information on how the latter are built. The collected material was analyzed having as a guided principle the contribution of the disciplines directed to disable people for the formation of Physical Education professionals. After going through some search steps, the object of study was achieved, which contemplates twenty-one Institutions that fits the profile desired to this study. The units intended in the teaching plans in question, are referred as workload, period and regimen in which the course is ministered, courses’ objective, program content and the utilized methodologies. The analyzed data was developed from a qualitative focus, anchored in documental research. The analyzed results checked for the most part, coherence in the elaboration of the teaching plans, when compared to the objective-content programmatic-methodology units. However, when encountered with program content and available workloads, it is believed these units are not in harmony, considering that the extended content for a workload is not always compatible with purposed. In this perspective, it’s convenient to reflect, based on interdisciplinarity, to suggest an important option for the formation’s enrichment. As broad as the workload might be for a specific discipline, it will not contemplate by itself all its diversity, complexity and magnitude in which the area implies. It’s considered relevant the interlocution that the specific course might have with other courses, dividing the content in a way that provides a more complete, dynamic and enriched formation.
Aumentando o poder preditivo de classificadores lineares através de particionamento por classe
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-01-25)
Souza, Nahim Alves de
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Almeida, Tiago Agostinho de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5368680512020633
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Sakata, Tiemi Christine
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3560505262283874
This work describes a new classification technique called P2C - Partitioning to Classify. The main goal is to achieve reasonable classification performances using linear prediction methods, even on datasets with non-linear separable data. The proposed technique, inspired by the division-and-conquer strategy, applies a clustering method on each partition made of samples of the same class. Subsequently, the union among the clusters inside each partition is performed, creating a single partition, where each group can contain linearly separable samples. Then, one or more linear classifiers are trained, according to the number of groups. Experiments performed using datasets with different structural and complexity level indicate the overall performance of the prediction is similar or superior to well-known non-linear classification methods. The main advantages of P2C technique are (i) the need for less effort and computational resources, and (ii) the possibility of treating large datasets due to the ease of parallelization of the steps.
A proteção das nascentes em áreas urbanas consolidadas: dispensável ou necessária missão?
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-01-26)
Souza, Samara Rached
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Tonello, Kelly Cristina
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3844965971290638
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8081436009803501
The territory of the city of Sorocaba/SP is marked by a dense water mesh, and one of the sub-basins that make up the main water courses is Ribeirão do Lajeado, also known as Água Vermelha, affluent from the left bank of the river Sorocaba placed in a consolidated urban area. The present paper has generated an Environmental Impact Index in Ribeirão do Lajeado’s Water Springs. For this purpose, it has been performed on the field a macroscope diagnosis of the water springs, being that every evaluated parameter received a grade (from 1 to 3) for its later classification. On this evaluation, the following parameters have been verified: color, odor, existence of garbage on the banks, existence of floating materials, foam, oil, sanitary sewer, state of vegetation, human presence and animal presence in the Permanent Preservation Area, protection of the area and proximity to residence or establishments. The results showed that all the visited places are impacted by the urbanization, being the strongest indicative for that, the amount of garbage found on those places. Color, odor, foam, floating materials and oil, in general, were positively highlighted, but sewer and human presence had recurrent negative results. The most alarming verified parameters are related to the water springs proximity to establishments, nonexistent protection of the area, the Permanent Preservation Area that does not meet the 50 meters laid out in law nº 12.651/12 of the Forestry Code. The generated Environmental Impact index has classified the water springs as “reasonable”. “bad” or “terrible”, without getting any classification “great” or “good” propitiating a debate around the water resources conservation subject and if they are important in the context of urban basins, besides instigating deeper researches in the Ribeirão do Lajeado sub-basin to indicate its integrity and promote conservation actions of the springs.
Aproveitamento de águas pluviais em estabelecimentos hospitalares no contexto da conservação da água: estudo do caso no Hospital Universitário da UFSCar, São Carlos – SP
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-01-26)
Gaitán, Maria Camila Perdomo
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Teixeira, Bernardo Arantes do Nascimento
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1166854416745527
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6919239287737151
The use of rainwater is being stimulated by different purposes: as an alternative source of supply in regions subject to the lack of water, as an instrument to raise awareness of the efficient use of water and will constitute an important tool in the management of water resources in the cities. The implementation of exploitation rainwater systems in buildings with significant water consumption, such as health centers, can bring great benefits, as well as economic for users and environmental for environment. Since water represents an essential element in the development of the activities that occur in these buildings, and they require a significant daily amount, for their different purpose, correspond largely to uses that not require special quality characteristics. Taking account all the above the purpose of this article is to evaluate the viability of implementing a rainwater harvesting system as an alternative to water supply in a health center, having as an object of study the University Hospital of the Federal University of São Carlos - SP (HU).This was determined by the conception of a replicable scientific methodology based on technical, financial and environmental sustainability criteria; which is constituted main aspects, as the classification of water demand in relation to it ends uses, the potential of water savings through different scenarios of supply and demand, the analysis of the main infrastructure requirements for the implementation of systems, and so the financial viability of the project can be determined. Based on the available rainwater and the water consumption of the current building supply, the monthly supply-demand was determined for three consumption and catchment scenarios, which showed a potential for water savings between 85% and 100% of the total current hospital consumption, with different reservoir sizes, and a maximum volume of up to 13.420 m³ per year. Therefore, according to the infrastructure availability in the HU, the components of the system to be implemented and their cost were determined, in such a way that in relation to the current water supply rate of the public network, the project technical viability was evaluated through the financial indicators: net present value, internal rate of return and period for return on investment. Concluding that it is a viable project for its implementation in the HU, being possible to obtain a drinking water economy of 7,660 m³ per year for current non-potable uses, and up to 12,300 m³ per year for non-potable uses, at the end of projected occupation of the HU, with a reserve size of 40 m³. Finding a return on investment of less than 10 years, and positive financial indicators in a period of analysis of 20 years. Finally, the water potential saving was analyzed with the implementation of actions to reduce water consumption in the building and the potential achieved with the use of rainwater on its own, and the union of the two procedures. Being estimated a water potential saving of up to71% of the water consumption and of 39% of the consumption projected at the end of its constructions.
Efeitos do surfactante nonilfenol etoxilado em peixes : função cardiorrespiratória e histopatologia em Tilápia-do-Nilo, Oreochromis niloticus, em condições de normóxia e hipóxia aquáticas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-01-26)
De Angelis, Carolina Fernandes
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Kalinin, Ana Lúcia
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5493936744279888
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2946803734091200
Nonylphenol ethoxylate (NPE) is a nonionic surfactant component of many chemical formulations. Investigations on the effects of nonylphenol ethoxylate toxicity and its derivatives on fish mostly focus on endocrine disruption, genotoxicity, oxidative stress, bioaccumulation and mortality. However, exposure to these compounds can cause further damage, and the use of physiological and histological biomarkers is of great relevance, since it allows the identification of possible homeostatic disorders that may compromise the survival of these organisms. The objective of the present study was to analyze the cardiorespiratory responses and histological changes of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus, in a control situation and after 12h of an intraperitoneal injection of NPE9 (500 ng.kg-1 of body weight) submitted to gradual hypoxia. The exposure to NPE9 significantly increased the critical O2 tension (PcO2), reducing the ability to keep the metabolic rate (M ̇O2) constant, which may be related to the action of the compound on the functioning and structure of erythrocytes. Gill ventilation (V ̇G) increased significantly and progressively in both experimental groups in order to maintain M ̇O2 during graded hypoxia. The groups presented the same pattern of respiratory response, and increases in V ̇G were characterized by increases in ventilatory volume (VT), while respiratory rate (fR) remained constant. Although NPE at the concentration used in the present study was not sufficient to change O2 extraction from the ventilatory current (EO2) and heart rate (fH) during hypoxia. In addition, the exposure to NPE9 increased the frequency of melanomacrophagic centers in the liver and spleen, and it was possible to observe them in the ventricular myocardium. Together, the results of this study showed that exposure to NPE9 may compromise the survival of the species studied in hypoxic environments, but also indicate the need to include this compound in the legislation that regulates maximum permissible limits of substances in aquatic environments for the maintenance of life.
Estratégia híbrida de seleção de partições para o problema de agrupamento de dados
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-01-26)
Antunes, Vanessa
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Sakata, Tiemi Christine
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3560505262283874
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7744895055289571
Inability to identify partitions of different sizes and shapes is a fundamental limitation of any clustering algorithm, especially when different regions of the search space contain clusters with varied characteristics. It is possible to apply diverse clustering algorithms, with different parameters, but then, it is necessary to deal with a large number of partitions. Techniques such as ensemble and multiobjective clustering treat this problem using distinct criteria, but they have high computational cost. Moreover, the ensemble technique generates a single solution, which may not represent every real partition present in the data. On the other hand, multiobjective clustering may generate a large number of partitions, which is difficult to analyze manually. In this dissertation, we propose a hybrid multiojective algorithm, HSS (Hybrid Selection Strategy), that aims to return a reduced and yet diverse set of solutions. It can be divided in three steps: (i) the application of a multiobjective algorithm to a set of base partitions for the generation of an approximation of the Pareto Front, (ii) the division of the solutions from the approximation of the Pareto Front into a certain number of regions and (iii) the selection of a solution per region, through the application of the Adjusted Rand Index. Experiments show the effectiveness of HSS in selecting a reduced number of partitions.
Estudo de dispositivos eletrônicos baseados em filmes de diamante dopados com boro
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-01-29)
Araujo, Luana Santos
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Chiquito, Adenilson José
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7087360072774314
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8776491740006506
In this work, the main objective was the study of boron doped diamond films aiming the use of them as semiconductor material for electronic devices. Schottky diodes and a field effect transistor were the devices built with these films. We have determined the main transport properties (resistivity and carrier density) that revealed the semiconductor behavior of doped boron synthetic diamond films (p-type). We also have studied the influence of cleaning processes on the surface quality of diamond for the production of good metal-diamond electrical contacts. We have observed the increase in resistivity as well as a reduction of the surface conductivity that is associated to the removal of hydrogen terminated diamond layers in the ionic cleaning process. The changes promoted by cleaning were studied current-voltage and capacitance-voltage measurements. The analysis of the temperature dependent resistivity indicated the hopping mechanism as the dominant conduction process over a wide temperature range. In addition, we investigated the presence of deep energy levels of impurities or defects in the diamond lattice using capacitance spectroscopy. Finally, after well established the contacts properties on the diamond surface we fabricated and analyzed the characteristics of a prototype field effect transistors based on boron doped diamond with oxygen termination.
Potencial de uso de fibras de Schizolobium parahyba (Vell.) Blake na preparação de compósitos de polipropileno
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-01-29)
Silva, Juliette Pereira da
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Lucas, Alessandra de Almeida
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9754332336954137
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Pádua, Franciane Andrade de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2945447364979913
The use of plant fibers as reinforcement of thermoplastic polymers in recent years has aroused great worldwide interest, since natural fibers offer economic, processing and environmental advantages. In this context, the objective of this study was to evaluate the properties of wood and fibers of Schizolobium parahyba (Vell.) Blake at early age, from experimental planting, as reinforcement of polypropylene (PP) matrix composites. The basic density, cellulose content, hemicelluloses, lignin, extractives and ashes, as well as the fiber size and microfibril angulation of the wood of four guapuruvu trees (A1, A2, A3 and A4) were determined. Then, the mechanical behavior of reinforced polypropylene matrix composites with different fiber contents was evaluated in order to establish their relation between the characteristics of the wood and the fibers. The contents of guapuruvu fibers used were 0; 20 and 30% by mass and the compatibilizing agent was 2%. The composites were prepared in a co-rotational double-threaded extruder. The extrudate compositions were granulated and then injection molded. The basic density of guapuruvu ranged from 0.237 g.cm-³ to 0.243 g.cm-³, with a clear tendency to reduce wood density with tree height. Regarding the anatomical characteristics, there were no variations in the results of fiber length, fiber width and lume diameter among the different trees studied. The wall thickness of the fibers was higher in samples A1 and A2 and the angle of microfibrils was higher in A3 and lower in A2. In addition, there was no statistical difference in the results of aspect ratio among the trees. Regarding the chemical composition, there were no variations in the results for lignin, cellulose, hemicelluloses and extractives among the studied trees. As for ash, the highest concentration was found in A1 and the lowest in A2 and A3. The results showed that the tensile strength increased with the percentage increase of fibers for all samples, except for sample A1, where tensile strength values were similar in the compositions of 20% and 30%. Similarly, the modulus of elasticity also increased with the addition of fibers in all samples, and this effect was more pronounced for the 30% percentage of guapuruvu fiber. Already the elongation at the break decreased in comparison to the pure PP and with the percentage increase of fibers. The Izod impact strength values of the composites did not change significantly in relation to the pure polymer By the results obtained it can be deduced that the guapuruvu fibers from native species, rapid growth, easy adaptation, which has a low density wood can be used as filler in PP composites, exerting a reinforcing action. Having the composite prepared with 30% by weight guapuruvu fibers and 2% Polybond 3200 presented better properties.