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Integração energética de biorrefinarias de cana-de-açúcar com operação multiperiódica
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-01-16)
Oliveira, Cássia Maria de
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Costa, Caliane Bastos Borba
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1602653870311562
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Cruz, Antonio José Gonçalves da
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1812806190521028
Brazil has a great importance as biofuels producer, especially of ethanol from sugarcane. The bagasse, a byproduct of sugarcane biorefineries, can be used to generate electricity and produce second generation ethanol. However, variations in prices of electricity and ethanol may motivate variations in the operating conditions of the integrated biorefinery process, which produces first and second generation ethanol and bioelectricity. The heat exchanger network (HEN) of such a process must be able to meet these variations. This work aimed the synthesis of multiperiod HEN in sugarcane biorefineries. In this approach, each period indicates a process condition and the HEN synthesized is able to meet these different operating conditions. Three industrial case studies are considered. Case Study 1 (CS1) is a biorefinery that produces 1G/2G ethanol and electricity, disposing the pentoses fraction. In Case Studies 2 and 3, CS2 and CS3, the process is similar, but the pentoses fraction is used to produce ethanol (CS2) or biogas (CS3). For each biorefinery, three periods were considered, which differ in the bagasse fraction diverted to 2G ethanol production. In each period, a Mixed Integer Nonlinear Programming (MINLP) problem was solved to minimize the total annualized cost (TAC) and timesharing mechanisms were used to integrate the HENs of all periods into a multiperiod HEN. Optimization problems were solved at two levels using three different strategies. In the first strategy, an adapted Particle Swarm Optimization algorithm was used in both levels. However, the solutions by this method presented small TAC improvements compared to the process commonly found in Brazilian plants, where there is already energy integration among some process streams (called in this work of the process with project integration). To deal with this problem, two strategies were employed with hybrid metaheuristics: Simulated Annealing and Rocket Fireworks Optimization; and Tabu Search and Particle Swarm Optimization. For processes with the multiperiod HENs, these latter two strategies presented reductions above 58% and 54% in TAC and steam demand, respectively, compared to processes without energy integration. Also, using the aforementioned methods, improvements in TAC and steam demand for process with the multiperiod HENs reach values above 44% and 41%, respectively, in relation to processes with project integration. Such reductions in steam demand allow diverting more bagasse to produce second generation ethanol. In addition, energy integration in biorefineries provides improved energy management and reduced operating and capital costs. Thus, all these improvements contribute to 1G/2G ethanol and electricity production process.
Influência do sistema histaminérgico cerebelar no comportamento locomotor e ansiedade de camundongos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-01-16)
Guilherme, Evelyn Maria
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Gianlorenço, Anna Carolyna Lepesteur
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3861050459671690
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6269689282970701
The cerebellum is an important structure of the central nervous system with participation in motor and non-motor functions. The histaminergic system has a major role on the cerebellar neuronal circuit, but its function is not fully understood. The histamine can act through four types of receptors: H1, H2, H3 and H4. There are few studies about the role of the cerebellar histaminergic system on motor and non-motor functions. Thus, the main objective of this study is to investigate the effects of the intravermis cerebellar microinjections of histaminergic compounds, proposing a possible interaction of this system and the cerebellum on the modulation of motor and non-motor functions. The study was composed by five experiments, to evaluate the effects of Histamine (experiment 1), H1 receptor antagonist Chlorpheniramine (experiment 2), H2 receptor antagonist Ranitidine (experiment 3), H3 receptor antagonist Thioperamide (experiment 4) and H4 receptor agonist VUF-8430 (experiment 5) on the locomotor and anxiety-like behaviors in mice exposed to the open field test. A stereotaxic surgery was performed, and a guide canulla was implanted into the cerebellar vermis of mice weighing between 25 – 35g. Three days after surgery, the animals received the microinjection and were exposed to the open field behavioral test. The number of crossed quadrants, number of rearings and time in the central area was measured. The histological analysis confirmed the place of the microinjection. The statistical analysis was composed by one way ANOVA, follow by Duncan’s post hoc when appropriate. The results indicate that the higher doses of chlorpheniramine and VUF has an anxiogenic effect associated to increase of the locomotor and exploratory behaviors of mice, indicating a possible modulation of the cerebellar histaminergic system in these functions, through H1 and H4 receptors.
The Wishing Box e The Fifty-Ninth Bear: a rasura do casamento em Sylvia Plath
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-01-18)
Oliveira, Matheus Torres de
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Ferreira, Carla Alexandra
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5522506928191940
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4547827760686190
The present thesis aims to study the short stories The Wishing Box and The Fifty-Ninth Bear, by Sylvia Plath, under theoretical and critical perspectives which allow it to observe a dialogue in those texts with their historical context, on a dialectical relation between form and content as postulated by Fredric Jameson. We intend to elucidate how those narratives can be read beyond the autobiographical and therefore they articulate in their formal structure a female critical view of marriage in Cold War America. Historicizing both of these short stories using alterity as mediator and following the cultural model of understanding the female literary tradition, we will semantically broaden her criticism by inserting the fragments in the History. In addition, this critical exam, by electing Plath's short prose, allows us to shed light on the overlooked scope of her ouvre.
Metais potencialmente tóxicos em ambiente aquático: utilização de geoprocessamento para identificação de fontes poluidoras.
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-01-18)
Marzola, Elisabete Leide
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Oliveira, Luciana Camargo de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6238603150964753
The Pirapora River is an important source that supplies the cities of the region of Sorocaba / SP. The place chosen for this work is located in the city of Salto de Pirapora. The city of Salto de Pirapora stands out in the mining activity and planting of eucalyptus. The objective of this research was to quantify the metals Ba, Cr, Fe, Mn, Pb and Zn in samples of water from the Pirapora River by verifying the total metals (AT), bioavailable (BIO) and in natura (IN) determined with the physical-chemical parameters and with the use and occupation of the soil. In order to do so, water samples were collected in the Pirapora River at 5 different points and quantified in MPAES 4200 equipment. The concentrations of metallic species were evaluated: available in the aquatic ecosystem at the natural pH of the environment (IN), bound to sites that are easily reducible and / or weakly bound to organic matter (MO) in suspension (BIO) and strongly bound to MO and inorganic suspension (TA). The evaluations related to the use and occupation of the soil were analyzed by the application of unsupervised standard methods such as Hierarchical Analysis by Clustering (AHA), Principal Component Analysis (PCA), also using geoprocessing with an interpolation method, Kriging, that allows a continuous spatial representation of a set of samples. The results showed that the concentration of the Cr, Fe, Pb and Zn metals was higher in the AT samples. In this respect it can be inferred that these metals are strongly bound to suspended structures or colloidal material. Potentially toxic metals (Ba, Pb, Cr, Fe, Zn) showed a significant difference in temporal distribution. As for Zn and Mn, the exploratory analysis revealed differences in spatial variability along the Pirapora River. All determined metal species presented lower values than those established by Brazilian Resolution CONAMA 357/05, except for Fe. Fourteen land use patterns were evaluated as possible contaminant sources in the environment.
Estudo do SnO2 como fotocatalisador para a degradação da rodamina B: fatores limitantes e estratégias para aumento da fotoatividade
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-01-19)
Silva, Fernando Barbosa de Freitas
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Oliveira, Cauê Ribeiro de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5321313558714462
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8659989494449396
The photocatalytic activity of SnO2 was assessed according to the surface processing used for its surface activation. Mechanical activation by grinding and hydrothermal treatments under different conditions were applied to the SnO2 particles. It was observed that the grinding of SnO2 particles synthesized by the hydrolysis method resulted in a significant increase in its photocatalytic activity without any phase change. Ball milling was responsible for breaking the xerogel structure and creating defects on the surface of the oxide, which favored hydroxylation/adsorption of water on the surface of the particles, making them more photoactive. Higher hydroxylation/adsorption of water was observed by near infrared spectroscopy (NIR) and also by the generation of hydroxyl radicals using a terephthalic acid solution. The hydrothermal treatment of SnO2 nanoparticles also resulted in a positive effect on photocatalytic activity, but less significant than grinding. The formation of SnO2:Nb2O5 heterostructures from preformed particles was assessed. Milling did not activate the Nb2O5 surface, however, the hydrothermal treatment resulted in surface activation due to the cleaning of impurities. With the best processing conditions of SnO2 and Nb2O5 nanoparticles, the heterostructures were synthesized in a hydrothermal reactor using the preformed nanoparticles. It was observed that heterostructures, in all proportions tested, were more active than the corresponding physical mixtures, the most effective being the one containing 25% of Nb2O5.
Letramento estatístico: análise e reflexões sobre as tarefas contidas no material didático da Secretária Estadual de Educação de São Paulo para o ensino médio
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-01-22)
Cobello, Lucas Soares
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Oliveira, Paulo César
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7516513469811353
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2712365783854649
This dissertation is focused on statistical education in high school, in order to carry out the analysis of the tasks proposed in the material distributed by the State Department of Education of São Paulo, known as Teacher's Notebook and Student Notebook. This analysis had as educational product the elaboration of a teaching sequence based on these reflections and based on our theoretical references, these being the statistical literacy proposed by Iddo Gal, the registers of semiotic representation of Raymond Duval and the levels of comprehension and reading of graphs proposed by Frances R. Curcio. We tried to answer the following research question: what are the levels of literacy addressed in the learning situations of the Teacher's and Student's Notebook? For this we developed a qualitative documentary research. First, a bibliographical survey was carried out, with the objective of knowing the scenario of statistical education and its challenges, the analysis and reflection of the contents present in the curricular documents in force at national and state level were analyzed, the statistical literacy for secondary education . The investigation of the content of these tasks, pointed out that they present interesting themes to approach, such as the question of social inequality or the evaluation of the temperature of a region, however, the context treated is questionable in relation to the students' daily lives. Based on the problems found, a didactic sequence is presented that can guide the work of the teacher in the classroom, enabling the statistical literacy to be developed in its various elements of knowledge and disposition.
Efeitos de um programa de intervenção domiciliar na satisfação, qualidade de vida e ocupações de cuidadores de adolescentes com paralisia cerebral: estudo de dois casos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-01-22)
Costa, Jacqueline Denubila
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Cruz, Daniel Marinho Cezar da
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7350460642976728
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4862135675966648
Introduction: Adolescents with cerebral palsy may present, according to the severity of the case, a high level of dependence on their relatives. This factor can have an impact on the health and quality of life of these caregivers. Therefore, it is necessary to reduce the impact of disability on the caregivers and, in this sense, the intervention model focused on the family seeks to offer support, information and respect the needs and desires of families, incorporating such demands in the intervention program. Objectives: to test the effects of a home intervention program for adolescents with cerebral palsy on the quality of life of caregivers. Methodology: This is a two-case study, mixed, almost experimental, comparative, prospective and with pre and post-test. The inclusion criteria used were: caregivers who accompany adolescents with clinical diagnosis of cerebral palsy who are aged between 10 and 19 years, for at least one year and who do not receive any kind of remuneration for care; caregivers of adolescents with cerebral palsy who use wheelchairs in a home environment for at least one year. Two informal caregivers participated, one being 48 years old and the second with 77, both with exclusive dedication to care tasks, as well as the respective adolescents with cerebral palsy (14 and 19 years old). Outcome instruments and equipment used were: Quebec User Evaluation of Satisfaction with Assistive Technology (QUEST 2.0), Canadian Measurement of Occupational Performance (COPM), World Health Organization Quality of Life (abbreviated version WOQHOL-Bref) and use of time, semi-structured interview script and seat simulator and wheelchair backrest. The study was developed in four phases: pre-test, intervention, post-test and follow-up. Data were analyzed from simple descriptive statistical analysis. Results: caregivers raised occupational performance problems related to occupational areas of self care, sleep, leisure and work. After the intervention program, there was an increase in the performance scores for these occupations - mean scores went from 4 to 5.3 for caregiver A and from 6 to 6.3 for caregiver B, maintenance of satisfaction for the occupations raised by the caregiver A (average of 5.3) and increased satisfaction for the occupations indicated by caregiver B (mean went from 4.3 to 4.6). Likewise, there was an improvement in satisfaction with Assistive Technology (AT) and services, with an absolute score increase from 29 to 31 points (caregiver A) and from 12 to 18 points (caregiver B). In addition, in the post-test phase the WHOQOL-BREF scores increased from 92 to 100 for caregiver A and 74 for 77 for caregiver B. However, during the follow-up phase, it was possible to observe a decrease in these scores - returning to 92 for caregiver A and 62 for caregiver B. Caregivers perceive AT as a facilitator for the functionality of adolescents and for their own quality of life. However, they reported barriers related to the size of the resource and the use of adaptations to improve posture. Conclusion: intervention programs that use the assumptions of the family-focused model have demonstrated the potential to impact the quality of life of caregivers, the quality of care tasks exercised and the satisfaction with the use of AT.
SCAS-Fuzzy: uma estratégia semiautomática para seleção de estudos primários em estudos secundários
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-01-23)
Octaviano, Fábio Roberto
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Fabbri, Sandra Camargo Pinto Ferraz
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2204086299921323
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3503356336449703
Context: Systematic review and systematic mapping are secondary studies used to identify and aggregate relevant literature evidence on a research question of interest. One of the activities associated with secondary studies is the selection of primary studies, which is a manual activity and may require great effort from the researchers. The quality of the selection of primary studies directly affects the overall quality of the secondary studies. Objective: To propose a strategy called SCAS-Fuzzy (Score Citation semi-Automatic Selection using Fuzzy set) to automate part of the activity of selection of primary studies, minimizing the effort required in this activity, but maintaining the quality of the selection. Methodology: it was proposed a semi-automatic strategy for the selection of primary studies based on two functionalities: the score and whether a study is cited or not, which was called SCAS. It was evaluated through a case study and an experiment, which showed promising results. Then, ways to improve it were investigated and a citation coefficient was created, which now considers the number of citations caught by a study and the year of its publication, besides using fuzzy logic for classification of studies, which is now based on their scores and citation coefficients. The improved strategy, called SCAS-Fuzzy, was evaluated through a case study. Results: the case study showed that, for the five systematic reviews considered, the general effort reduction applying the SCAS-Fuzzy strategy was 39.1% and the error percentage was 0.3% for automatically excluding studies and 3.3% for automatically including studies when compared to manual review, showing a substantial level of agreement with reviewers. Conclusion: based on the results it is possible to conclude that the SCAS-Fuzzy strategy provided satisfactory results to reduce the effort of the initial selection activity and with a very low amount of evidence loss, maintaining the quality of the secondary study, also presenting better results in general in relation to the original defined SCAS strategy.
Educação especial na formação em educação física : um olhar sobre os planos de ensino das licenciaturas paranaenses
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-01-23)
Ranzan, Mayara Erbes
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Denari, Fátima Elisabeth
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5575213011914394
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6333786846955359
With the intent of increasing debates and reflections about the formation of professors on Physical Education courses and the relationship of this formation at work with disabled people, the current study seeks to analyze the discipline’s teaching plan focused on the acting with this segment, to identify its present reality, in the State of Parana’s context. Thus, this study’s objective is to identify and analyze the aspects that involve specific disciplines, with the purpose of gathering current information on how the latter are built. The collected material was analyzed having as a guided principle the contribution of the disciplines directed to disable people for the formation of Physical Education professionals. After going through some search steps, the object of study was achieved, which contemplates twenty-one Institutions that fits the profile desired to this study. The units intended in the teaching plans in question, are referred as workload, period and regimen in which the course is ministered, courses’ objective, program content and the utilized methodologies. The analyzed data was developed from a qualitative focus, anchored in documental research. The analyzed results checked for the most part, coherence in the elaboration of the teaching plans, when compared to the objective-content programmatic-methodology units. However, when encountered with program content and available workloads, it is believed these units are not in harmony, considering that the extended content for a workload is not always compatible with purposed. In this perspective, it’s convenient to reflect, based on interdisciplinarity, to suggest an important option for the formation’s enrichment. As broad as the workload might be for a specific discipline, it will not contemplate by itself all its diversity, complexity and magnitude in which the area implies. It’s considered relevant the interlocution that the specific course might have with other courses, dividing the content in a way that provides a more complete, dynamic and enriched formation.
Aumentando o poder preditivo de classificadores lineares através de particionamento por classe
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-01-25)
Souza, Nahim Alves de
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Almeida, Tiago Agostinho de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5368680512020633
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Sakata, Tiemi Christine
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3560505262283874
This work describes a new classification technique called P2C - Partitioning to Classify. The main goal is to achieve reasonable classification performances using linear prediction methods, even on datasets with non-linear separable data. The proposed technique, inspired by the division-and-conquer strategy, applies a clustering method on each partition made of samples of the same class. Subsequently, the union among the clusters inside each partition is performed, creating a single partition, where each group can contain linearly separable samples. Then, one or more linear classifiers are trained, according to the number of groups. Experiments performed using datasets with different structural and complexity level indicate the overall performance of the prediction is similar or superior to well-known non-linear classification methods. The main advantages of P2C technique are (i) the need for less effort and computational resources, and (ii) the possibility of treating large datasets due to the ease of parallelization of the steps.
A proteção das nascentes em áreas urbanas consolidadas: dispensável ou necessária missão?
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-01-26)
Souza, Samara Rached
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Tonello, Kelly Cristina
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3844965971290638
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8081436009803501
The territory of the city of Sorocaba/SP is marked by a dense water mesh, and one of the sub-basins that make up the main water courses is Ribeirão do Lajeado, also known as Água Vermelha, affluent from the left bank of the river Sorocaba placed in a consolidated urban area. The present paper has generated an Environmental Impact Index in Ribeirão do Lajeado’s Water Springs. For this purpose, it has been performed on the field a macroscope diagnosis of the water springs, being that every evaluated parameter received a grade (from 1 to 3) for its later classification. On this evaluation, the following parameters have been verified: color, odor, existence of garbage on the banks, existence of floating materials, foam, oil, sanitary sewer, state of vegetation, human presence and animal presence in the Permanent Preservation Area, protection of the area and proximity to residence or establishments. The results showed that all the visited places are impacted by the urbanization, being the strongest indicative for that, the amount of garbage found on those places. Color, odor, foam, floating materials and oil, in general, were positively highlighted, but sewer and human presence had recurrent negative results. The most alarming verified parameters are related to the water springs proximity to establishments, nonexistent protection of the area, the Permanent Preservation Area that does not meet the 50 meters laid out in law nº 12.651/12 of the Forestry Code. The generated Environmental Impact index has classified the water springs as “reasonable”. “bad” or “terrible”, without getting any classification “great” or “good” propitiating a debate around the water resources conservation subject and if they are important in the context of urban basins, besides instigating deeper researches in the Ribeirão do Lajeado sub-basin to indicate its integrity and promote conservation actions of the springs.
Aproveitamento de águas pluviais em estabelecimentos hospitalares no contexto da conservação da água: estudo do caso no Hospital Universitário da UFSCar, São Carlos – SP
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-01-26)
Gaitán, Maria Camila Perdomo
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Teixeira, Bernardo Arantes do Nascimento
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1166854416745527
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6919239287737151
The use of rainwater is being stimulated by different purposes: as an alternative source of supply in regions subject to the lack of water, as an instrument to raise awareness of the efficient use of water and will constitute an important tool in the management of water resources in the cities. The implementation of exploitation rainwater systems in buildings with significant water consumption, such as health centers, can bring great benefits, as well as economic for users and environmental for environment. Since water represents an essential element in the development of the activities that occur in these buildings, and they require a significant daily amount, for their different purpose, correspond largely to uses that not require special quality characteristics. Taking account all the above the purpose of this article is to evaluate the viability of implementing a rainwater harvesting system as an alternative to water supply in a health center, having as an object of study the University Hospital of the Federal University of São Carlos - SP (HU).This was determined by the conception of a replicable scientific methodology based on technical, financial and environmental sustainability criteria; which is constituted main aspects, as the classification of water demand in relation to it ends uses, the potential of water savings through different scenarios of supply and demand, the analysis of the main infrastructure requirements for the implementation of systems, and so the financial viability of the project can be determined. Based on the available rainwater and the water consumption of the current building supply, the monthly supply-demand was determined for three consumption and catchment scenarios, which showed a potential for water savings between 85% and 100% of the total current hospital consumption, with different reservoir sizes, and a maximum volume of up to 13.420 m³ per year. Therefore, according to the infrastructure availability in the HU, the components of the system to be implemented and their cost were determined, in such a way that in relation to the current water supply rate of the public network, the project technical viability was evaluated through the financial indicators: net present value, internal rate of return and period for return on investment. Concluding that it is a viable project for its implementation in the HU, being possible to obtain a drinking water economy of 7,660 m³ per year for current non-potable uses, and up to 12,300 m³ per year for non-potable uses, at the end of projected occupation of the HU, with a reserve size of 40 m³. Finding a return on investment of less than 10 years, and positive financial indicators in a period of analysis of 20 years. Finally, the water potential saving was analyzed with the implementation of actions to reduce water consumption in the building and the potential achieved with the use of rainwater on its own, and the union of the two procedures. Being estimated a water potential saving of up to71% of the water consumption and of 39% of the consumption projected at the end of its constructions.
Efeitos do surfactante nonilfenol etoxilado em peixes : função cardiorrespiratória e histopatologia em Tilápia-do-Nilo, Oreochromis niloticus, em condições de normóxia e hipóxia aquáticas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-01-26)
De Angelis, Carolina Fernandes
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Kalinin, Ana Lúcia
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5493936744279888
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2946803734091200
Nonylphenol ethoxylate (NPE) is a nonionic surfactant component of many chemical formulations. Investigations on the effects of nonylphenol ethoxylate toxicity and its derivatives on fish mostly focus on endocrine disruption, genotoxicity, oxidative stress, bioaccumulation and mortality. However, exposure to these compounds can cause further damage, and the use of physiological and histological biomarkers is of great relevance, since it allows the identification of possible homeostatic disorders that may compromise the survival of these organisms. The objective of the present study was to analyze the cardiorespiratory responses and histological changes of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus, in a control situation and after 12h of an intraperitoneal injection of NPE9 (500 ng.kg-1 of body weight) submitted to gradual hypoxia. The exposure to NPE9 significantly increased the critical O2 tension (PcO2), reducing the ability to keep the metabolic rate (M ̇O2) constant, which may be related to the action of the compound on the functioning and structure of erythrocytes. Gill ventilation (V ̇G) increased significantly and progressively in both experimental groups in order to maintain M ̇O2 during graded hypoxia. The groups presented the same pattern of respiratory response, and increases in V ̇G were characterized by increases in ventilatory volume (VT), while respiratory rate (fR) remained constant. Although NPE at the concentration used in the present study was not sufficient to change O2 extraction from the ventilatory current (EO2) and heart rate (fH) during hypoxia. In addition, the exposure to NPE9 increased the frequency of melanomacrophagic centers in the liver and spleen, and it was possible to observe them in the ventricular myocardium. Together, the results of this study showed that exposure to NPE9 may compromise the survival of the species studied in hypoxic environments, but also indicate the need to include this compound in the legislation that regulates maximum permissible limits of substances in aquatic environments for the maintenance of life.
Estratégia híbrida de seleção de partições para o problema de agrupamento de dados
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-01-26)
Antunes, Vanessa
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Sakata, Tiemi Christine
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3560505262283874
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7744895055289571
Inability to identify partitions of different sizes and shapes is a fundamental limitation of any clustering algorithm, especially when different regions of the search space contain clusters with varied characteristics. It is possible to apply diverse clustering algorithms, with different parameters, but then, it is necessary to deal with a large number of partitions. Techniques such as ensemble and multiobjective clustering treat this problem using distinct criteria, but they have high computational cost. Moreover, the ensemble technique generates a single solution, which may not represent every real partition present in the data. On the other hand, multiobjective clustering may generate a large number of partitions, which is difficult to analyze manually. In this dissertation, we propose a hybrid multiojective algorithm, HSS (Hybrid Selection Strategy), that aims to return a reduced and yet diverse set of solutions. It can be divided in three steps: (i) the application of a multiobjective algorithm to a set of base partitions for the generation of an approximation of the Pareto Front, (ii) the division of the solutions from the approximation of the Pareto Front into a certain number of regions and (iii) the selection of a solution per region, through the application of the Adjusted Rand Index. Experiments show the effectiveness of HSS in selecting a reduced number of partitions.
Estudo de dispositivos eletrônicos baseados em filmes de diamante dopados com boro
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-01-29)
Araujo, Luana Santos
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Chiquito, Adenilson José
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7087360072774314
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8776491740006506
In this work, the main objective was the study of boron doped diamond films aiming the use of them as semiconductor material for electronic devices. Schottky diodes and a field effect transistor were the devices built with these films. We have determined the main transport properties (resistivity and carrier density) that revealed the semiconductor behavior of doped boron synthetic diamond films (p-type). We also have studied the influence of cleaning processes on the surface quality of diamond for the production of good metal-diamond electrical contacts. We have observed the increase in resistivity as well as a reduction of the surface conductivity that is associated to the removal of hydrogen terminated diamond layers in the ionic cleaning process. The changes promoted by cleaning were studied current-voltage and capacitance-voltage measurements. The analysis of the temperature dependent resistivity indicated the hopping mechanism as the dominant conduction process over a wide temperature range. In addition, we investigated the presence of deep energy levels of impurities or defects in the diamond lattice using capacitance spectroscopy. Finally, after well established the contacts properties on the diamond surface we fabricated and analyzed the characteristics of a prototype field effect transistors based on boron doped diamond with oxygen termination.
Potencial de uso de fibras de Schizolobium parahyba (Vell.) Blake na preparação de compósitos de polipropileno
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-01-29)
Silva, Juliette Pereira da
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Lucas, Alessandra de Almeida
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9754332336954137
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Pádua, Franciane Andrade de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2945447364979913
The use of plant fibers as reinforcement of thermoplastic polymers in recent years has aroused great worldwide interest, since natural fibers offer economic, processing and environmental advantages. In this context, the objective of this study was to evaluate the properties of wood and fibers of Schizolobium parahyba (Vell.) Blake at early age, from experimental planting, as reinforcement of polypropylene (PP) matrix composites. The basic density, cellulose content, hemicelluloses, lignin, extractives and ashes, as well as the fiber size and microfibril angulation of the wood of four guapuruvu trees (A1, A2, A3 and A4) were determined. Then, the mechanical behavior of reinforced polypropylene matrix composites with different fiber contents was evaluated in order to establish their relation between the characteristics of the wood and the fibers. The contents of guapuruvu fibers used were 0; 20 and 30% by mass and the compatibilizing agent was 2%. The composites were prepared in a co-rotational double-threaded extruder. The extrudate compositions were granulated and then injection molded. The basic density of guapuruvu ranged from 0.237 g.cm-³ to 0.243 g.cm-³, with a clear tendency to reduce wood density with tree height. Regarding the anatomical characteristics, there were no variations in the results of fiber length, fiber width and lume diameter among the different trees studied. The wall thickness of the fibers was higher in samples A1 and A2 and the angle of microfibrils was higher in A3 and lower in A2. In addition, there was no statistical difference in the results of aspect ratio among the trees. Regarding the chemical composition, there were no variations in the results for lignin, cellulose, hemicelluloses and extractives among the studied trees. As for ash, the highest concentration was found in A1 and the lowest in A2 and A3. The results showed that the tensile strength increased with the percentage increase of fibers for all samples, except for sample A1, where tensile strength values were similar in the compositions of 20% and 30%. Similarly, the modulus of elasticity also increased with the addition of fibers in all samples, and this effect was more pronounced for the 30% percentage of guapuruvu fiber. Already the elongation at the break decreased in comparison to the pure PP and with the percentage increase of fibers. The Izod impact strength values of the composites did not change significantly in relation to the pure polymer By the results obtained it can be deduced that the guapuruvu fibers from native species, rapid growth, easy adaptation, which has a low density wood can be used as filler in PP composites, exerting a reinforcing action. Having the composite prepared with 30% by weight guapuruvu fibers and 2% Polybond 3200 presented better properties.
O uso do experimento de termologia no ensino de Física: a curva de aquecimento da água
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-01-30)
Rosa, Ricardo Silva
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6390725197649567
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Cruz, Tersio Guilherme de Souza
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lattes.cnpq.br/0705292304279277
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2784078115928563
As a physics teacher since 2010 and observing the students’ difficulty, it was necessary to present them another teaching proposal, different from the traditional one with chalk and blackboard. Thus, an experimental class was used to verify the process of the water heating curve through a temperature x time graph, by using a computer worksheet and an experimental kit with the Arduino platform. The teaching methodology used was the experimentation that was chosen because of the great potential of attractiveness of it, always aiming at the involvement and participation of the students in class. As teaching theory, Lev Vigotski was used due to the comparison of the lessons to his studies of internalization. First it was expected that the students could read the graph mathematically, identifying the behavior of the related function that represents it and its coefficients, because when there is a temperature variation between zero and one hundred degrees Celsius, the graph formed is a line of non-zero angular coefficient. In a second moment, it is expected that the students could predict and calculate the values of the curve, such as boiling point, amount of heat in all moments of the curve, thermal power of the candle flames, etc. In a third moment, the students analyzed if the learning was profitable in front of the type of traditional classes they were accustomed in day by day; if through the experimental class, they could be more engaged and notice this in colleagues. With this work, it was possible to verify the great acceptance and need for experimental classes, which make a lot of difference in order to have a more engaging teaching that achieve students’ interest.
Padrão motor da função manual de beber líquido em indivíduos com paralisia cerebral e desenvolvimento motor típico
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-01-30)
Machado, Luiza Ribeiro
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Tudella, Eloisa
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3207258034860219
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8253301715811780
Background: Individuals with cerebral palsy usually presents impairment of movement and posture, which causes difficulty in activities and participation of individuals, mainly when these involve the use of upper limbs. However, the control of the trunk and each segment of the upper limbs of individuals with cerebral palsy in relation to their position in space during a functional task is not well defined. Aim: To identify the coordination of the trunk and upper limbs of individuals with cerebral palsy compared to the typical ones in the task of drinking liquid from a glass. Methods: We evaluated nine individuals with cerebral palsy, mean age 9 years (± 3 years), spastic type, hemiparetic and diparetic topography, Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) levels I to IV, Manual Ability Classification System (MACS) I and II, and nine typical individuals for the comparison group, mean age 9 years (± 3 years). The individuals were seated in a chair with adjustable height and oriented to drink juice from a cup that was on the table, positioned at 75% of the length of the upper limb. The task should be performed with the preferred upper limb preferred for those typical individuals and with diparetic cerebral palsy, and non-preferred upper limb (affected) for those with hemiparetic cerebral palsy. The task of drinking juice from a cup was divided into three phases: reach, transport the cup to the mouth, and transport the cup to the table. Four Qualys Motion System cameras were used for task capture and analysis. Results: Individuals with cerebral palsy presented lower mean velocity (p<0.01) and peak velocity (p<0.01) in phases 2 and 3. They presented less rectilinear movement (p<0.01), which required more time (p=0.01) and units of motion (p<0.01) compared to typical individuals at all phases. In addition, individuals with cerebral palsy had higher trunk displacement (p=0.02) than individuals with typical motor development. Conclusion: Individuals with cerebral palsy presented lower motor coordination when compared to typical ones, which can be evidenced by slower and less rectilinear movements even when they used biomechanical compensations such as anterior trunk displacement.
Desempenho da tecnologia Bt no controle de espécies de lepidópteros noctuídeos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-02-02)
Campassi, Júlia Carolina
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Fujihara, Ricardo Toshio
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1863735094370774
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https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2776-5559
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8363412547361292
Among the most important crops for Brazilian agribusiness, soybeans and cotton stand out, both producing millions of tons per harvest. However, various factors limit the full development of these crops, such as the occurrence of pests, which significantly reduce production. Genetically modified plants emerge as a solution for controlling these insects. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the mortality percentage of five species of noctuid lepidopterans when fed with Bt soybeans and cotton, and to evaluate the percentage of leaf damage to soybeans and cotton, with and without Bt technology by the same species. The study was conducted at the Laboratório de Entomologia da Estação Experimental Agrícola BASF, located in Santo Antônio de Posse/SP. Petri dishes lined with moistened filter paper were prepared, containing a cotyledonary leaf or the first pair of true leaves of soybeans or cotton. In each dish, a caterpillar obtained from self-breeding was added. A total of 25 treatments (10 for soybeans and 15 for cotton) with 6 repetitions each were evaluated. Assessments were made on the first and seventh days after setup, recording caterpillar mortality and the damage caused by them. The results were subjected to analysis of variance and Tukey's test with a 5% significance level. The Bt technology Intacta RR2 PRO (Cry1Ac) in soybeans significantly reduced the percentage of damage caused by the species Chrysodeixis includens and Helicoverpa armigera, with no effect on the Spodoptera spp. complex. Regarding survival, the only affected species were C. includens and H. armigera, which had low survival rates. For cotton, the Bollgard II (Cry1Ac+Cry2Ab2) and Widestrike (Cry1F+Cry1Ac) technologies reduced the percentage of damage and survival of Chrysodeixis includens, Helicoverpa armigera, Spodoptera eridania, and Spodoptera cosmioides, with no effect on Spodoptera frugiperda. In conclusion, the Intacta Bt technology affects Chrysodeixis includens and Helicoverpa armigera, while Bt technologies for cotton affect Chrysodeixis includens, Helicoverpa armigera, Spodoptera eridania, and Spodoptera cosmioides.
Desenho universal e tecnologia assistiva: implementação de atividades pedagógicas para aluna com paralisia cerebral em classe comum
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-02-02)
Almeida, Rita de Cássia Gomes de Oliveira
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Gonçalves, Adriana Garcia
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3907378784787581
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3475744857443863
At present, Brazil has advanced in legal documents regarding the inclusion of special education targeted students in terms of the access to regular school classrooms. The latest documents mention the provision of assistive technology resources (TA) to cerebral palsy students. One notices that a comprehensive part of these students need to use TA resources to enable their education process. Many teachers question the use of special resources with cerebral palsy students in regular classrooms. Thus, the general goal of the present study consisted of analyzing if the assistive technology resources, based on the universal design, could be used to meet cerebral palsy students’ education needs. To achieve this, the used research method followed the principles of qualitative approach, basing on collaborative research model, which data were collected through two tools, interview semi structured script and systematic observation. The participants of this study were a preschool education teacher of regular classroom, an education agent responsible for monitoring the cerebral palsy student in the regular classroom, a cerebral palsy student formally enrolled and attending these respective classes, and all other students of regular classroom. The procedures for data collection occurred in four stages, that are: first interview with the regular classroom teacher and education agent, implementation/intervention with TA resources through the universal design in the regular classroom, evaluation of assistive technology resources implemented in the regular classroom, and interview for the closure of the research with the regular classroom teacher and education agent. The results showed that the TA resources, in conformity with the universal design, were used in the regular classroom and, according to the teacher and education agent´s opinion, contributed to more dynamic in the classroom and learning for all students. However, it must be emphasized that for some activities, especially those which involved reading and writing, it was necessary to implement a specific TA resource for the cerebral palsy student. In general, the study showed the contribution to problem resolutions regarding the cerebral palsy student education process from the implementation and evaluation of assistive technology resources through the universal design, providing independency and autonomy in the learning of scholar contents.