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O uso do experimento de termologia no ensino de Física: a curva de aquecimento da água
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-01-30)
Rosa, Ricardo Silva
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6390725197649567
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Cruz, Tersio Guilherme de Souza
;
lattes.cnpq.br/0705292304279277
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/2784078115928563
As a physics teacher since 2010 and observing the students’ difficulty, it was necessary to present them another teaching proposal, different from the traditional one with chalk and blackboard. Thus, an experimental class was used to verify the process of the water heating curve through a temperature x time graph, by using a computer worksheet and an experimental kit with the Arduino platform. The teaching methodology used was the experimentation that was chosen because of the great potential of attractiveness of it, always aiming at the involvement and participation of the students in class. As teaching theory, Lev Vigotski was used due to the comparison of the lessons to his studies of internalization. First it was expected that the students could read the graph mathematically, identifying the behavior of the related function that represents it and its coefficients, because when there is a temperature variation between zero and one hundred degrees Celsius, the graph formed is a line of non-zero angular coefficient. In a second moment, it is expected that the students could predict and calculate the values of the curve, such as boiling point, amount of heat in all moments of the curve, thermal power of the candle flames, etc. In a third moment, the students analyzed if the learning was profitable in front of the type of traditional classes they were accustomed in day by day; if through the experimental class, they could be more engaged and notice this in colleagues. With this work, it was possible to verify the great acceptance and need for experimental classes, which make a lot of difference in order to have a more engaging teaching that achieve students’ interest.
Padrão motor da função manual de beber líquido em indivíduos com paralisia cerebral e desenvolvimento motor típico
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-01-30)
Machado, Luiza Ribeiro
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Tudella, Eloisa
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3207258034860219
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8253301715811780
Background: Individuals with cerebral palsy usually presents impairment of movement and posture, which causes difficulty in activities and participation of individuals, mainly when these involve the use of upper limbs. However, the control of the trunk and each segment of the upper limbs of individuals with cerebral palsy in relation to their position in space during a functional task is not well defined. Aim: To identify the coordination of the trunk and upper limbs of individuals with cerebral palsy compared to the typical ones in the task of drinking liquid from a glass. Methods: We evaluated nine individuals with cerebral palsy, mean age 9 years (± 3 years), spastic type, hemiparetic and diparetic topography, Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) levels I to IV, Manual Ability Classification System (MACS) I and II, and nine typical individuals for the comparison group, mean age 9 years (± 3 years). The individuals were seated in a chair with adjustable height and oriented to drink juice from a cup that was on the table, positioned at 75% of the length of the upper limb. The task should be performed with the preferred upper limb preferred for those typical individuals and with diparetic cerebral palsy, and non-preferred upper limb (affected) for those with hemiparetic cerebral palsy. The task of drinking juice from a cup was divided into three phases: reach, transport the cup to the mouth, and transport the cup to the table. Four Qualys Motion System cameras were used for task capture and analysis. Results: Individuals with cerebral palsy presented lower mean velocity (p<0.01) and peak velocity (p<0.01) in phases 2 and 3. They presented less rectilinear movement (p<0.01), which required more time (p=0.01) and units of motion (p<0.01) compared to typical individuals at all phases. In addition, individuals with cerebral palsy had higher trunk displacement (p=0.02) than individuals with typical motor development. Conclusion: Individuals with cerebral palsy presented lower motor coordination when compared to typical ones, which can be evidenced by slower and less rectilinear movements even when they used biomechanical compensations such as anterior trunk displacement.
Desempenho da tecnologia Bt no controle de espécies de lepidópteros noctuídeos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-02-02)
Campassi, Júlia Carolina
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Fujihara, Ricardo Toshio
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1863735094370774
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https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2776-5559
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8363412547361292
Among the most important crops for Brazilian agribusiness, soybeans and cotton stand out, both producing millions of tons per harvest. However, various factors limit the full development of these crops, such as the occurrence of pests, which significantly reduce production. Genetically modified plants emerge as a solution for controlling these insects. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the mortality percentage of five species of noctuid lepidopterans when fed with Bt soybeans and cotton, and to evaluate the percentage of leaf damage to soybeans and cotton, with and without Bt technology by the same species. The study was conducted at the Laboratório de Entomologia da Estação Experimental Agrícola BASF, located in Santo Antônio de Posse/SP. Petri dishes lined with moistened filter paper were prepared, containing a cotyledonary leaf or the first pair of true leaves of soybeans or cotton. In each dish, a caterpillar obtained from self-breeding was added. A total of 25 treatments (10 for soybeans and 15 for cotton) with 6 repetitions each were evaluated. Assessments were made on the first and seventh days after setup, recording caterpillar mortality and the damage caused by them. The results were subjected to analysis of variance and Tukey's test with a 5% significance level. The Bt technology Intacta RR2 PRO (Cry1Ac) in soybeans significantly reduced the percentage of damage caused by the species Chrysodeixis includens and Helicoverpa armigera, with no effect on the Spodoptera spp. complex. Regarding survival, the only affected species were C. includens and H. armigera, which had low survival rates. For cotton, the Bollgard II (Cry1Ac+Cry2Ab2) and Widestrike (Cry1F+Cry1Ac) technologies reduced the percentage of damage and survival of Chrysodeixis includens, Helicoverpa armigera, Spodoptera eridania, and Spodoptera cosmioides, with no effect on Spodoptera frugiperda. In conclusion, the Intacta Bt technology affects Chrysodeixis includens and Helicoverpa armigera, while Bt technologies for cotton affect Chrysodeixis includens, Helicoverpa armigera, Spodoptera eridania, and Spodoptera cosmioides.
Desenho universal e tecnologia assistiva: implementação de atividades pedagógicas para aluna com paralisia cerebral em classe comum
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-02-02)
Almeida, Rita de Cássia Gomes de Oliveira
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Gonçalves, Adriana Garcia
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3907378784787581
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3475744857443863
At present, Brazil has advanced in legal documents regarding the inclusion of special education targeted students in terms of the access to regular school classrooms. The latest documents mention the provision of assistive technology resources (TA) to cerebral palsy students. One notices that a comprehensive part of these students need to use TA resources to enable their education process. Many teachers question the use of special resources with cerebral palsy students in regular classrooms. Thus, the general goal of the present study consisted of analyzing if the assistive technology resources, based on the universal design, could be used to meet cerebral palsy students’ education needs. To achieve this, the used research method followed the principles of qualitative approach, basing on collaborative research model, which data were collected through two tools, interview semi structured script and systematic observation. The participants of this study were a preschool education teacher of regular classroom, an education agent responsible for monitoring the cerebral palsy student in the regular classroom, a cerebral palsy student formally enrolled and attending these respective classes, and all other students of regular classroom. The procedures for data collection occurred in four stages, that are: first interview with the regular classroom teacher and education agent, implementation/intervention with TA resources through the universal design in the regular classroom, evaluation of assistive technology resources implemented in the regular classroom, and interview for the closure of the research with the regular classroom teacher and education agent. The results showed that the TA resources, in conformity with the universal design, were used in the regular classroom and, according to the teacher and education agent´s opinion, contributed to more dynamic in the classroom and learning for all students. However, it must be emphasized that for some activities, especially those which involved reading and writing, it was necessary to implement a specific TA resource for the cerebral palsy student. In general, the study showed the contribution to problem resolutions regarding the cerebral palsy student education process from the implementation and evaluation of assistive technology resources through the universal design, providing independency and autonomy in the learning of scholar contents.
Medidas hemodinâmicas aórticas e rigidez arterial em pacientes com DPOC e associação com perfil clínico e funcional na exacerbação aguda e no período de recuperação
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-02-02)
Agnoleto, Aline Galvão
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Mendes, Renata Gonçalves
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9634590922242052
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6832121138848128
Background: Acute exacerbation of COPD negatively affects the disease, impairs lung function, functional capacity and health status and increases the risk for the development of cardiovascular diseases (CVD), and the recovery period is a period of great vulnerability for the patient. Arterial stiffness (AS) and central hemodynamic measures are recognized as predictors of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in COPD. However, the knowledge about hemodynamic variables and AS, as well as their associations with the clinical and functional profile in acute exacerbation and in the recovery period in patients with COPD is still scarce. Objectives: To investigate the hemodynamic measurements, AS, clinical and functional profile in patients with COPD in acute exacerbation and 30 days after discharge and to determine the relationship between these variables. Methods: Forty-one patients with COPD were recruited and nine completed the evaluations in this study. Hemodynamic variables obtained by pulse wave analysis (PWA), central and peripheral systolic and diastolic blood pressures (cSBP, cDBP, pSBP and pDBP, respectively), central and peripheral pulse pressures (PPc and PPp), augmentated pressure (AP), pulse wave velocity (PWV), pulse transit time (PTT) and amplification index (AIx) were measured by the Sphygmocor device; the functional profile evaluated by the handgrip strength test (HS) using a dynamometer (Jamar®); dyspnea was measured by the modified Medical Research Council scale (mMRC); the state of health by the COPD Assessment Test (CAT) and pulmonary function by the spirometry test. Results: Analysis between the acute and recovery period demonstrated significant differences in aortic and peripheral measurements (cSBP, pSBP, cPP, pPP, AP), whereas AS (PWV and AIx) did not change significantly between the moments. Independent of the period (acute or recovery) we found a negative relationship between AS and functional capacity (PWV and HS: r=-0.82; r=-0.76, respectively) and positive between PTT and HS (r=0.75). We also observed significant relationship between AS and lung function (PWV and AIx vs FEV1%pred: r=-0.78 and r=0.68, respectively) at acute exacerbation. Conclusion: Aortic and peripheral hemodynamics were more impaired at AECOPD than at recovery period; and the AS, as a cardiovascular risk factor, is associated to functional capacity and lung function both at exacerbation and recovery. Key words: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; acute exacerbation; aortic; arterial stiffness; pulse wave velocity; pulse wave analysis.
Diagnóstico ambiental da Bacia Hidrográfica do Córrego Mandaqui, São Paulo (SP), para a Implantação de áreas verdes urbanas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-02-02)
Silva, Ariana Guimarães da
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Arruda, Emerson Martins
The existence of green areas in urban environments has always been justified by the potential of their ecological functions and environmental benefits acting directly on the population life quality, exerting a role through the mitigation of urbanization negative consequences. When green and urban areas are connected, favor the formation of an integrated network of permeable and vegetatede fragments, composing a Green Infrastructure. In this sense, the main objective of this work was to carry out an environmental analysis of the Mandaqui watershed, located in São Paulo (SP), as a subsidy to identify priority areas for green areas implantation. Geographic Information System (GIS) tools were used to data spatial interpretation, statistical analysis and cartographic products elaboration. The maps generated were used to determine the area physical characterizations and its environmental analysis. Several environmental fragilities were identified, such as intense urban occupation, with severe soil sealing, areas subject to flooding, occurrence of erosive processes, occupation of drainage headwaters, demarcation of valley bottoms, and irregular occupation of river banks. After the environmental analysis, land use and occupation and priority parameters maps were elaborated, which allowed the selection of territorial units suitable for green areas and greenways implantation according to established constraints.
Qualidade de vida e funcionalidade de alunos com paralisia cerebral matriculados na escola regular
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-02-02)
Sanchez, Gabrielle Cristina
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Gonçalves, Adriana Garcia
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3907378784787581
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1770257390471685
Cerebral palsy (PC) affects children and young people, with prevalence in developing countries and causes motor impairment that can limit movement and postural maintenance independently and autonomously. In this way, people with CP may have a low achievement rate in daily activities, such as in the context of the school. Although the discussion about inclusion in the present day is broad, the participation of students with cerebral palsy in the common classes of regular schools is still challenging, which may significantly reflect on the functional capacity and quality of life of these students. Thus, this study aimed to analyze the Quality of life (QoL) and Functionality of students with cerebral palsy in the regular school of a medium-sized city in the interior of São Paulo and to verify if there is a relationship between QoL and Functionality variables. Three students with cerebral palsy, enrolled in the public elementary school, aged nine to twelve, with three mothers, and two teachers of the Specialized Educational Assistance (AEE) attending the students in the room participated in the study. multifunctional features (SRM). In order to perform the data collection, a questionnaire to evaluate the quality of life that was answered by the teachers and the students (CP-QOL-child) was used as a research tool, and a scale that evaluates the student's functionality in the school, which was answered by the School Function Assessment (SFA) teachers. Data triangulation was performed for descriptive and qualitative analysis. The results showed that there is no relation between the functionality and the quality of life for each of the students with PC. Still, the general view on QOL was positive, however, many answers were opposed between mother and daughter, which leads to different perceptions of the same domain of QoL. Thus, the students participating in the study were satisfied with regard to the adaptations and assistance that are made available to them in the school, in which they are able to enjoy the spaces by participating actively in the activities. In addition, QoL should be discussed in order to cover the entire daily context of the person with PC, so that further analysis is possible, in order to create strategies for the improvement of QoL and the Functionality of people with PC.
Localização dinâmica para perturbações de operadores de Schrödinger discretos com campo elétrico
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-02-02)
Pigossi, Mariane
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Oliveira, César Rogério de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5485204156806697
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6592734902457058
We study the spectrum and the dynamical localization of some discrete quantum systems with uniform electric fields under suitable perturbations with exponential decay in the matrix elements. We consider three particular situations. (1) In the first situation, we study the discrete Schr¨odinger operator in one dimension under bounded perturbations. (2) We also consider the discrete 2D Schr¨odinger operator. (3) Finally we study the 2D case under time periodic perturbation. The proofs are based on the KAM technique.
Abordagem multiescala para avaliação da ocupação de abelhas sem ferrão em fragmentos florestais de Mata Atlântica
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-02-05)
Arena, Mariana Victorino Nicolosi
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Silva-Zacarin, Elaine Cristina Mathias da
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3993998796939609
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Toppa, Rogério Hartung
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0673898572494729
Studies at multiple scales are essential to obtain a holistic view of bee conservation. For the accomplishment of these studies, the importance of analyzes that evaluate the composition of the landscape, the habitat factors and the abiotic factors must be considered. This study aimed to develop models for identification of hotspots for stingless bees in forest patches, and to address possible factors that influence the presence of native bees. The study was conducted in Salto de Pirapora - SP, a municipality composed of small fragments of Atlantic Forest. The spatial model was developed based on fragment size, core size, distance from the nearest forest patch and distance from the nearest body of water. From the spatial model, 3 hotspot forest patches (with characteristics that favor the presence of stingless bees with arboreal nesting habit) and 3 control fragments (considered fragments with unfavorable characteristics) were selected, and the presence of bees was evaluated from the occupation of artificial hives installed in the fragments. The analysis of the artificial hives showed that bees were influenced by competition for nesting sites, by predation and by precipitation. The microclimatic analyzes resulted in very variable data and did not demonstrate a significant relation to the presence of bees. Concerning the local scale, the structure of the vegetation showed great importance to the occupation of the artificial hives, with emphasis on the height and diameter of the trees where the hive was installed and the presence of shrubs and grasses as foraging resources. Bees showed preference to occupy artificial hives that were located in the patches’ core. The analysis of the surroundings of each patch was an essential factor for the development of the spatial model, demonstrating that the silviculture activity was beneficial for the presence of bees and the presence of pastures and grasslands was a negative factor. The study suggests that, for the elaboration of multiscale approaches, it is essential to evaluate not only the size of the fragment and the presence of water bodies, but also the quality of foraging (flowers) and nesting (size of trees) resources and the surroundings of the fragment. The study provided content so that the information can be extrapolated to other scenarios and encourages the conservation of the small forest patches as a strategy for the conservation of stingless bees.
Ecologia funcional de zooplâncton e divergência genética de Anostraca (Crustacea) em lagoas temporárias tropicais do noroeste de Minas Gerais
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-02-05)
Paina, Karime de Araujo
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Orlando, Tereza Cristina
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2241302458113745
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Melão, Maria da Graça Gama
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8342306603661310
Environmental issues have been increasingly discussed today, and many ways have been sought to measure ecosystems’ biodiversity. In addition to the taxonomic diversity, one of the possible alternatives used to obtain information about the diversity of the communities is the functional diversity, which considers the functional attributes (traits) of each species. In this work, the zooplankton functional diversity of eight temporary aquatic ecosystems located in the northwest of Minas Gerais was studied, as well as the composition and richness of the zooplankton community of these environments. Collections were made in environments located in two municipalities of Minas Gerais, Urucuia and Lagoa Grande, from January 31 to February 2, 2017. The zooplankton community was divided, according to species attributes, into seven functional groups. Because they are small and ephemeral environments with very peculiar characteristics, the richness and density of the zooplankton community were relatively low, as well as the functional diversity. The presence of specimens of the order Anostraca, genus Dendrocephalus, seems to have influenced the composition of the zooplankton community, especially in Cladocera.
Fotonarrativas de professoras da educação infantil sobre gênero: uma análise a partir das práticas pedagógicas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-02-05)
Batista, Raquel Aparecida
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Nakayama, Bárbara Cristina Moreira Sicardi
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9746628149674449
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0632473335973968
The present paper shows a master’s research developed in the Postgraduate in Education Studies Program from the Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar) - Sorocaba Campus, linked to the research group Núcleo de Estudos e de Pesquisas sobre Narrativas, Formação e Trabalho Docente (NEPEN). The research brings the approximation of two thematic: the pedagogical practice and the gender whose study object is the pedagogical practice of three teachers of an early childhood education center in the city of Campinas, São Paulo, and the researcher’s practice. The issue that guides the development of this research starts with the following questioning: which perceptions of gender are revealed in photonarratives of pedagogical practices of the teachers of early childhood education? To answer such question, the study structures itself in the qualitative perspective and used as data production the construction of narratives from photos of the pedagogical practices of the research participant teachers. As methodological theoretical reference the study considers the contributions of: Ariés (1981), Leite (2011), Kuhlmann (2000, 2005, 2007), Kramer (1995), Faria (2006, 2011), Oliveira (2007, 2012), Postman (1999) to discuss early childhood education and childhood; Scott (1995) and Nicholson (2000), Finco (2003, 2004, 2010), Louro (2011), Moreno (1999), Sayão (2003) for gender as a category of analysis and gender in early childhood education. The discussion about pedagogical practices in this research is endorsed by authors such as Nóvoa (1992-1995), Tardif (2002), Sacristán (1995) and Veiga (1992); Josso (2004, 2007), Nóvoa (1995), Sicardi (2008, 2015) and Passegi (2006) for the work with narratives as an investigative method. It is intended, with the results of the research, to propose to the teachers of the studied institution reflections about practice facing the gender issues. The results point that the perceptions about gender of the studied teachers in some moments evidence prioritization of biological aspects and in others, social aspects. However, the pedagogical practices reveal that even inserted in a hegemonic and binary pattern, there is a conscious intention from them to break some hegemonic models, with fears, the prejudices and to promote practices that show gender equality.
Comportamento mecânico sob fadiga de compósitos de polipropileno com reforço híbrido de fibras e microesferas ocas de vidro
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-02-05)
Carvalho, Gustavo Baldi de
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Sousa, José Alexandrino de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7737833809468759
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Canevarolo Júnior, Sebastião Vicente
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4153664441338178
Short glass fiber (GF) reinforced polypropylene (PP) composites can be hybridized with hollow glass beads (HGB) in order to minimize the adverse effects arising from the preferential fiber orientation in injection molded parts, such as high mechanical properties anisotropy, differential shrinkage and warpage, and with additional advantage of reduced density of these ternary composites. These are important characteristics for engineering applications in lightweight and high-strength materials for the automotive, electro-electronic and home appliances industries. However, effective hybridization of a fibrous reinforcement with a particulate filler requires a clear understanding on the influence of interfacial interactions between the hybrid composite components (in this case, PP, GF and HGB, the last with and without silane treatment), on their mechanical properties. Thus, ternary composites of PP/GF/HGB with varying total and relative GF/HGB contents were prepared by dilution of pre-extruded concentrates of PP/GF and PP/HGB directly in the injection molding process and the short-term (tensile, flexural, impact and DMTA) and long-term mechanical properties (displacement controlled flexural fatigue) were analyzed. Tensile tests data of the ternary composites of PP/GF/HGB, in comparison to the binary composites of equivalent GF content, indicated an effective increase in the elastic modulus with increasing hybrid reinforcement content in the composites with up to 25 wt.% of GF. In the ternary composites with 30.0 wt.% GF, the elastic modulus tends to level off to the same modulus value of its corresponding binary composite of PP/30%GF, regardless of HGB content or its degree of interfacial adhesion with the PP matrix. However, the mechanical strength properties (tensile, flexural and impact) presented a strong dependence on the degree of polymer-HGB interfacial adhesion. In the hybrid composite systems with good PP-HGB adhesion, the strength values were equivalent to those of their corresponding binary PP/GF composites, whereas when PP-HGB adhesion is poor, the mechanical strength properties decreased slightly with increasing content of untreated HGB filler. Data from displacement-controlled three-point bending fatigue tests, monitored up to 106 cycles, showed differences between the fatigue stress amplitude decay rate behavior of the analyzed hybrid composites. Additionally, use of DMTA analysis in “as molded” and “post-fatigue” specimens revealed distinct behaviors due to different degree of interfacial interactions. The storage (E’) and loss (E”) modulus values indicated matrix polymer “strain softening” in the post-fatigue materials, while the mechanical damping tan δ curves were proportional to the energy dissipated by matrix-reinforcement interfacial frictional effects.
Texto publicitário e Letramento Crítico no Livro Didático de língua portuguesa: ampliando paradigmas de leitura
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-02-05)
Oliveira, Rogério Macedo de
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Paula, Sandra Regina Buttros Gattolin de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9228036521343293
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2091480766165827
The following master thesis intends to investigate reading activities related to advertising texts by conducting comparative analysis between two High School Portuguese textbooks (Brazil, PNLD-2015) whose sessions present reading and comprehension activities directly related to the mentioned discursive genre. By taking into consideration the wide presence of advertising texts in many social contexts, as well as their goals to persuade target audiences by mobilizing strategies to promote a product, idea or concept, language gains a central role and highlights the importance of encouraging students to develop critical and reflective postures on the advertisement increase seen nowadays. Based on such a context, this work aims to conduct a detailed, comparative analysis of reading and comprehension activities presented in these two Portuguese textbooks by exploring theoretical studies related to Critical Literacy and reading activities (LUKE; FREEBODY, 1997; JORDÃO, 2013, 2017; KLEIMAN, 2005; MENEZES DE SOUZA, 2011). Theoretical studies related to advertising knowledge area (SANTOS, 2005) and to the role of multimodalities to create different meanings (KRESS,2003, 2010) were also taken into consideration, as well as the study of Brazilian official documents that regulate the production of textbooks distributed to public schools (BRAZIL, 2013, 2014). Based on the previous considerations, the main objective of this work was to investigate how or in which ways reading and comprehension activities related to advertising texts presented in the selected textbooks (Português: contexto interlocução e sentido and Ser Protagonista: Língua Portuguesa) could favor or even inhibit the promotion of Critical Literacy. In addition, suggestions to amplify or even reconfigure some of the activities were also done to elucidate how the exercises could be articulated to Critical Literacy theories. Results obtained from such research helped to develop considerations related to the theoretical and methodological principles held by both the analyzed reading activities and the Teacher’s guide presented in the textbooks, since most of them were not close to a Critical Literacy reading approach when compared to reading principles sustained by some official documents.
Estudo da obtenção de nitreto de boro hexagonal por rotas de síntese assistidas por micro-ondas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-02-05)
Gaviria, Juan Pablo Yasnó
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Kiminami, Ruth Herta Goldschmidt Aliaga
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7643216999108223
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8264570604790000
Boron nitride (h-BN) is an attractive ceramic material that combines excellent thermal, electrical and chemical properties. The combination of these properties makes h-BN useful in the manufacturing of lubricants, crucibles, cosmetics, electrical insulation and composites. The most widely used industrial methods for obtaining h-BN are carbothermal reduction of B2O3 and the reactions of H3BO3 and CH4N2O or C3H6N6 by conventional heating (resistive). However, they require prolonged reaction times and/or high temperatures, which in some cases makes it difficult to obtain nanoparticles. The importance of obtaining nanometric h-BN is the possibility of obtaining differentiated properties in potential applications such as UV light emitters, nanovectors in medicine, hydrogen storage and dielectric gates. In this context, this thesis studies the use of microwaves as an alternative source of heating in the three industrial methods of h-BN synthesis. The microwave synthesis resulted in the formation of h-BN in the three studied methods, revealing its potential in obtaining this material. The main highlight of using the microwaves in the studied synthesis was to obtain the phase-pure and crystalline h-BN nanoparticles in the method involving C3H6N6 with decreasing reaction time and temperature, when compared to conventional heating reported in the literature. The high heating rates provided by the microwaves obtained unprecedented results as: obtaining nanometric h-BN with a decrease in particle size, time and maximum reaction temperature of: 96%, 25% and 24%, respectively; and obtaining h-BN with a nanometric size similar to those of the literature, but with a decrease of time and maximum reaction temperature of 58% and 19%, respectively. The optical characterization of the h-BN synthesized by microwave confirmed the blue luminescence of the material, associated with native defects in its structure and with potential application in light emitters, displays and nanospectroscopy.
Impacto da mobilização passiva como estratégia reabilitadora na função endotelial de pacientes críticos com diagnóstico de sepse
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-02-06)
Silva, Tamara Rodrigues da
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Olenscki, Daniela Kuguimoto Andaku
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4549550283590627
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Mendes, Renata Gonçalves
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/9634590922242052
Endothelial dysfunction (ED) plays a key role in the pathogenesis of sepsis and the exercise stimulus influence the vascular endothelium. As a rehabilitative strategy, early mobilization is beneficial when performed in critically ill patients. However, there is still a lack of evidence regarding the acute effects of passive mobilization (PM) on endothelial function (EF). Objective: to investigate EF response after a protocol of PM in patients with sepsis. Methods: 25 patients diagnosed with sepsis and septic shock, admitted to an intensive care unit participated in the study. EF was assessed by flow-mediated dilatation (FMD) of the brachial artery before and immediately after the PM protocol, considering relative, absolute and normalized FMD variables. The peak flow velocity at baseline and during reactive hyperemia (RH) and the shear rate were also considered. The PM protocol consisted of 3 sets of 10 repetitions of mobilization of the following joints: ankles, knees, hips, wrists, elbows and shoulders. The paired t-test was used for the comparisons with p <0.05. Results: The relative FMD increased after performing the PM (5.07±8.97% to 17.07±8.08%, respectively) (p <0.001). Similarly, absolute (0.17±0.31mm to 0.57±0.22mm) and normalized FMD (0.0013±0.0031mm/s to 0.0024±0.0015mm/s) also showed higher values after PM. The peak flow velocity after RH (71.85±29.34cm/s to 95.32±32.28cm/s) and the shear rate (210.82±110.43s to 288.48±140.88s) were also higher after PM (p <0.001). Conclusion: The stimulation of passive mobilization as a rehabilitation strategy applied to critical patients with a diagnosis of sepsis was able to increase acute endothelial function.
Inventário e quantificação dos geossítios cársticos do Parque Estadual Intervales (SP)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-02-06)
Camargo, Túlio César Rocha
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Lobo, Heros Augusto Santos
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9405961078398915
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7229494839342677
The increase in public use in natural areas in the last decades is characterized by the interest of knowing and contemplating the natural patrimony, constituted by elements of bio and geodiversity - the latter being the focus of this research. One of the representative elements of geodiversity is classified as geosite. In karstic terrain, caves are common examples of geosites, as long as they have some dimension of intrinsic value or even of use for science, conservation, tourism, or education. In this context the objective of this research was to analyze the karstic geosites of the State Park Intervales (SPI), making possible their quantification and valuation. The methods used were based on bibliographical research and field work to identify, characterize, inventory and evaluate selected geosites, whether or not open to public use, outside and inside of this Natural Protected Area (NPA). The main results demonstrated the categorization of each geosite from its values: intrinsic, scientific, tourist, use / management and educational, which was the new dimension of analysis. Through the synthesis of these values, the results of the quantification were applied in equations to measure the categories of geosites for each type of use: scientific, tourism and proposed tourist-educational. In the end, it was calculated and compared the Ranking of Traditional Relevance (TR) and Ranking of Proposed Relevance (PR) of each geosite, revealing that some caves have a high tourist value, due to the large number of visits and activity carried out with elementary schools, high school, undergraduate and postgraduate, a considerable scientific value in the representativeness of geological processes, variety of elements of bio and geodiversity as well as a high educational value. It is concluded that the inventory and quantification of geosites can serve as a tool for the expansion of strategies for geoconservation, through activities that correspond to the characteristics of each geosite, both at the regional and national levels. Considering that educational tourism and speleotourism are already activities developed in and around the SPI and a source of income for the local communities, it is also expected that the work will disseminate the geotourism potential of the area, based on a future strategy of geotourism and geoconservation.
A contribuição de stakeholders não técnicos na elicitação de aspectos da experiência do usuário: uma abordagem usando proto-personas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-02-06)
Pinheiro, Eduardo Gouveia
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González, Sahudy Montenegro
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Zaina, Luciana Aparecida Martinez
The requirements elicitation is a main step in an application development. Usually the requirements are listed and described with little to none participation of the stakeholders that have knowledge of the application’s domain. The stakeholders are the interested people in one product, but in most cases, only the technical stakeholder are incorporated during the system’s implementation. While the non-technical stakeholders hold an unused knowledge during the software construction. Therefore, exists a few studies that explore the active participation of non-technical stakeholders during requirement elicitation. There are several techniques that could be used during the elicitation and description of the requirements. Commonly the techniques used are questionnaires, interviews, observation, etc. Yet, it is still possible to observe that there’s is little use of the techniques that put in the center of the process the user and their needs. But the persona shows itself as a relevant technique to consider the user needs and use experience. A variation of the persona called proto-persona is a technique that permits the creation of an artifact that characterizes a group of users by using the speciﬁc knowledge from a domain expert. That way, gathering information about the application and its possible users. The proto-persona is a tool to evaluate the stakeholder participation during the software development. This master’s project has the objective to investigate the non-technical stakeholder contribution during the requirements elicitation. Especially the requirements related to aspects of user experience. To investigate and evaluate the contribution of diﬀerent types of stakeholders, it was deﬁned an empirical study divided into three steps. The ﬁrst study focused in to investigate how the stakeholders used the proto-personas technique during the elicitation of the requirements to a given application. The second study explored the use of the ﬁrst study’s artifacts as support to design a solution to the application. And the third study evaluated how the second study’s solutions were adequate to a set of ﬁnal users. The results indicated through a detailed analysis (quantitative and qualitative) reveal that both non-technical and technical stakeholders contribute uniquely to the application. Both stakeholders focused on diﬀerent aspects and enrich the software development.
A obesidade abdominal acelera o declínio da força neuromuscular em pessoas com mais de 50 anos de idade? Conclusões do Estudo ELSA
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-02-07)
Carvalho, Danilo Henrique Trevisan de
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Alexandre, Tiago da Silva
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5393622641681701
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9870989415070720
Objective: The present study aimed to analyze how the presence of abdominal obesity can hasten the muscle strength decline in individuals aged 50 years or older over eight years of follow-up. Methods: We used longitudinal data from 5.181 participants from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA). The presence of abdominal obesity was defined by the waist circumference > 102 cm for men and > 88 cm for women. After the baseline evaluation, new assessments were performed after 4 and 8 years subsequently. It was used generalized linear mixed models controlled by sociodemographic status, behavioural characteristics, clinical conditions, neuropsychiatric factors, serum and functional markers with handgrip strength decline as the outcome. Results: Although abdominal obese men started the trajectory with greater muscle strength, they had a higher muscle strength decline over eight years of follow-up (- 0.12 kg per year, 95% CI - 0.24 – - 0.01) compared to those men without abdominal obesity. The same results were not observed in women. It is important to mention that the non-stratified models, controlled by sex, incorrectly demonstrated that this outcome was valid for both sexes. Conclusion: Abdominal obesity has different effects on muscle strength decline among men and women over time. The larger adiposity in the abdominal area is predictive for worse trajectory of muscle strength decline only in men.
Trabalho e Autonomia: entre as atribuições e caminhos do exercício do supervisor de ensino
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-02-07)
Ribeiro, Elidia Vicentina de Jesus
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Marques, Sílvio César Moral
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6047434055828372
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6034946635459600
The present research aims to analyze how the categories work autonomy in the development of the atribuitions of the superviser of the teaching in the state network São Paulo. As a research focus, we chose to conceptualize the term work, based on the theoretical foundations of Marx, and the term autonomy, presenting it initially as a polysemic concept and then emphasizing the analysis from the relation with the conceptions of Adorno and Horkheimer on emancipation. As specific objectives, the research sought to characterize the teaching supervisor, with a historical survey of the supervisor's performance, situating it in relation to the constitution of the position and identifying the existing relationships with the functions currently exercised by the supervisor of teaching, besides situá them within the structure of the State Secretariat of Education of the State of São Paulo. The methodology used is composed of bibliographical research on the themes of work and autonomy, a historical survey on teaching supervision in the State of São Paulo and the attributions of the position and its current characterization, documentary research from the legislation that concerns the functions of supervision of teaching, research through questionnaire application to the teaching supervisors of the Teaching Board of Itapetininga and interview with the Regional Director of the same Teaching Board about the work of the teaching supervisor. The data collected in the application of the questionnaires form and semi-structured interview were articulated with the bibliography researched, in order to seek a conclusion to respond the scope of the present study. The main results obtained refer to the analysis of the conceptions about autonomy that are present in the understanding of the professionals researched and how these relate to the possible paths of supervision of teaching, going beyond the limits of alienated work, aiming at the conquest of actions that represent the work and emancipation.
Blendas de amido termoplástico e PBAT processadas com auxílio da pulverização por cisalhamento no estado sólido
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-02-07)
Lopes, Henrique Solowej Medeiros
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Lucas, Alessandra de Almeida
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9754332336954137
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5006391678583766
The use of biodegradable materials arise as a potential alternative for reducing environmental polution. For being found in abundance, low cost, biodegradable and provided from renewable source, starch has been a material of growing researches. Due to its low mechanical properties, high moisture absorption and recrystallization after storage, its use is limited. In this work, thermoplastic starch (TPS) blends with biodegradable polyester Poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT) were produced assisted by Solid-State Shear Pulverization (SSSP). The starch was plasticized in the presence of glycerol (25 starch wt%) and water (10 wt%) and processed under various PBAT contents (50, 60, 70 and 80 wt% of TPS). After blending, films were obtained by extrusion. The films were then evaluated for their processability, such as feeding, material handling, visual aspect and water absorption. Their thermomechanical properties were also evaluated by Dynamical-Mechanical Thermal Analysis (DMTA) and tensile strength. Its crystallinity and retrogradation were measured by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and its morphology observed by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Polarized Optical Microscopy (POM). The SSSP processing step presented greater processability and material handling, with a better visual aspect. For high content starch blends (70 and 80 wt%), techniques showed similar mechanical properties, such as tensile strength, and water absorption. For low starch content (50 and 60wt%), materials produced by conventional extrusion presented higher mechanical properties, such as elongation, and lower water absorption. Both materials showed increased crystallinity over time. It was possible to observe native starch granules in both techniques’ steps, indicating low plasticizing degree.