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Abordagem multiescala para avaliação da ocupação de abelhas sem ferrão em fragmentos florestais de Mata Atlântica
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-02-05) Arena, Mariana Victorino Nicolosi; Silva-Zacarin, Elaine Cristina Mathias da; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3993998796939609; Toppa, Rogério Hartung; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0673898572494729; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5822244273587724
Studies at multiple scales are essential to obtain a holistic view of bee conservation. For the accomplishment of these studies, the importance of analyzes that evaluate the composition of the landscape, the habitat factors and the abiotic factors must be considered. This study aimed to develop models for identification of hotspots for stingless bees in forest patches, and to address possible factors that influence the presence of native bees. The study was conducted in Salto de Pirapora - SP, a municipality composed of small fragments of Atlantic Forest. The spatial model was developed based on fragment size, core size, distance from the nearest forest patch and distance from the nearest body of water. From the spatial model, 3 hotspot forest patches (with characteristics that favor the presence of stingless bees with arboreal nesting habit) and 3 control fragments (considered fragments with unfavorable characteristics) were selected, and the presence of bees was evaluated from the occupation of artificial hives installed in the fragments. The analysis of the artificial hives showed that bees were influenced by competition for nesting sites, by predation and by precipitation. The microclimatic analyzes resulted in very variable data and did not demonstrate a significant relation to the presence of bees. Concerning the local scale, the structure of the vegetation showed great importance to the occupation of the artificial hives, with emphasis on the height and diameter of the trees where the hive was installed and the presence of shrubs and grasses as foraging resources. Bees showed preference to occupy artificial hives that were located in the patches’ core. The analysis of the surroundings of each patch was an essential factor for the development of the spatial model, demonstrating that the silviculture activity was beneficial for the presence of bees and the presence of pastures and grasslands was a negative factor. The study suggests that, for the elaboration of multiscale approaches, it is essential to evaluate not only the size of the fragment and the presence of water bodies, but also the quality of foraging (flowers) and nesting (size of trees) resources and the surroundings of the fragment. The study provided content so that the information can be extrapolated to other scenarios and encourages the conservation of the small forest patches as a strategy for the conservation of stingless bees.
Ecologia funcional de zooplâncton e divergência genética de Anostraca (Crustacea) em lagoas temporárias tropicais do noroeste de Minas Gerais
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-02-05) Paina, Karime de Araujo; Orlando, Tereza Cristina; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2241302458113745; Melão, Maria da Graça Gama; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8342306603661310; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6075091837752015
Environmental issues have been increasingly discussed today, and many ways have been sought to measure ecosystems’ biodiversity. In addition to the taxonomic diversity, one of the possible alternatives used to obtain information about the diversity of the communities is the functional diversity, which considers the functional attributes (traits) of each species. In this work, the zooplankton functional diversity of eight temporary aquatic ecosystems located in the northwest of Minas Gerais was studied, as well as the composition and richness of the zooplankton community of these environments. Collections were made in environments located in two municipalities of Minas Gerais, Urucuia and Lagoa Grande, from January 31 to February 2, 2017. The zooplankton community was divided, according to species attributes, into seven functional groups. Because they are small and ephemeral environments with very peculiar characteristics, the richness and density of the zooplankton community were relatively low, as well as the functional diversity. The presence of specimens of the order Anostraca, genus Dendrocephalus, seems to have influenced the composition of the zooplankton community, especially in Cladocera.
Fotonarrativas de professoras da educação infantil sobre gênero: uma análise a partir das práticas pedagógicas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-02-05) Batista, Raquel Aparecida; Nakayama, Bárbara Cristina Moreira Sicardi; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9746628149674449; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0632473335973968
The present paper shows a master’s research developed in the Postgraduate in Education Studies Program from the Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar) - Sorocaba Campus, linked to the research group Núcleo de Estudos e de Pesquisas sobre Narrativas, Formação e Trabalho Docente (NEPEN). The research brings the approximation of two thematic: the pedagogical practice and the gender whose study object is the pedagogical practice of three teachers of an early childhood education center in the city of Campinas, São Paulo, and the researcher’s practice. The issue that guides the development of this research starts with the following questioning: which perceptions of gender are revealed in photonarratives of pedagogical practices of the teachers of early childhood education? To answer such question, the study structures itself in the qualitative perspective and used as data production the construction of narratives from photos of the pedagogical practices of the research participant teachers. As methodological theoretical reference the study considers the contributions of: Ariés (1981), Leite (2011), Kuhlmann (2000, 2005, 2007), Kramer (1995), Faria (2006, 2011), Oliveira (2007, 2012), Postman (1999) to discuss early childhood education and childhood; Scott (1995) and Nicholson (2000), Finco (2003, 2004, 2010), Louro (2011), Moreno (1999), Sayão (2003) for gender as a category of analysis and gender in early childhood education. The discussion about pedagogical practices in this research is endorsed by authors such as Nóvoa (1992-1995), Tardif (2002), Sacristán (1995) and Veiga (1992); Josso (2004, 2007), Nóvoa (1995), Sicardi (2008, 2015) and Passegi (2006) for the work with narratives as an investigative method. It is intended, with the results of the research, to propose to the teachers of the studied institution reflections about practice facing the gender issues. The results point that the perceptions about gender of the studied teachers in some moments evidence prioritization of biological aspects and in others, social aspects. However, the pedagogical practices reveal that even inserted in a hegemonic and binary pattern, there is a conscious intention from them to break some hegemonic models, with fears, the prejudices and to promote practices that show gender equality.
Comportamento mecânico sob fadiga de compósitos de polipropileno com reforço híbrido de fibras e microesferas ocas de vidro
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-02-05) Carvalho, Gustavo Baldi de; Sousa, José Alexandrino de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7737833809468759; Canevarolo Júnior, Sebastião Vicente; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4153664441338178; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2108032825479988
Short glass fiber (GF) reinforced polypropylene (PP) composites can be hybridized with hollow glass beads (HGB) in order to minimize the adverse effects arising from the preferential fiber orientation in injection molded parts, such as high mechanical properties anisotropy, differential shrinkage and warpage, and with additional advantage of reduced density of these ternary composites. These are important characteristics for engineering applications in lightweight and high-strength materials for the automotive, electro-electronic and home appliances industries. However, effective hybridization of a fibrous reinforcement with a particulate filler requires a clear understanding on the influence of interfacial interactions between the hybrid composite components (in this case, PP, GF and HGB, the last with and without silane treatment), on their mechanical properties. Thus, ternary composites of PP/GF/HGB with varying total and relative GF/HGB contents were prepared by dilution of pre-extruded concentrates of PP/GF and PP/HGB directly in the injection molding process and the short-term (tensile, flexural, impact and DMTA) and long-term mechanical properties (displacement controlled flexural fatigue) were analyzed. Tensile tests data of the ternary composites of PP/GF/HGB, in comparison to the binary composites of equivalent GF content, indicated an effective increase in the elastic modulus with increasing hybrid reinforcement content in the composites with up to 25 wt.% of GF. In the ternary composites with 30.0 wt.% GF, the elastic modulus tends to level off to the same modulus value of its corresponding binary composite of PP/30%GF, regardless of HGB content or its degree of interfacial adhesion with the PP matrix. However, the mechanical strength properties (tensile, flexural and impact) presented a strong dependence on the degree of polymer-HGB interfacial adhesion. In the hybrid composite systems with good PP-HGB adhesion, the strength values were equivalent to those of their corresponding binary PP/GF composites, whereas when PP-HGB adhesion is poor, the mechanical strength properties decreased slightly with increasing content of untreated HGB filler. Data from displacement-controlled three-point bending fatigue tests, monitored up to 106 cycles, showed differences between the fatigue stress amplitude decay rate behavior of the analyzed hybrid composites. Additionally, use of DMTA analysis in “as molded” and “post-fatigue” specimens revealed distinct behaviors due to different degree of interfacial interactions. The storage (E’) and loss (E”) modulus values indicated matrix polymer “strain softening” in the post-fatigue materials, while the mechanical damping tan δ curves were proportional to the energy dissipated by matrix-reinforcement interfacial frictional effects.
Estudo da obtenção de nitreto de boro hexagonal por rotas de síntese assistidas por micro-ondas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-02-05) Gaviria, Juan Pablo Yasnó; Kiminami, Ruth Herta Goldschmidt Aliaga; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7643216999108223; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8264570604790000
Boron nitride (h-BN) is an attractive ceramic material that combines excellent thermal, electrical and chemical properties. The combination of these properties makes h-BN useful in the manufacturing of lubricants, crucibles, cosmetics, electrical insulation and composites. The most widely used industrial methods for obtaining h-BN are carbothermal reduction of B2O3 and the reactions of H3BO3 and CH4N2O or C3H6N6 by conventional heating (resistive). However, they require prolonged reaction times and/or high temperatures, which in some cases makes it difficult to obtain nanoparticles. The importance of obtaining nanometric h-BN is the possibility of obtaining differentiated properties in potential applications such as UV light emitters, nanovectors in medicine, hydrogen storage and dielectric gates. In this context, this thesis studies the use of microwaves as an alternative source of heating in the three industrial methods of h-BN synthesis. The microwave synthesis resulted in the formation of h-BN in the three studied methods, revealing its potential in obtaining this material. The main highlight of using the microwaves in the studied synthesis was to obtain the phase-pure and crystalline h-BN nanoparticles in the method involving C3H6N6 with decreasing reaction time and temperature, when compared to conventional heating reported in the literature. The high heating rates provided by the microwaves obtained unprecedented results as: obtaining nanometric h-BN with a decrease in particle size, time and maximum reaction temperature of: 96%, 25% and 24%, respectively; and obtaining h-BN with a nanometric size similar to those of the literature, but with a decrease of time and maximum reaction temperature of 58% and 19%, respectively. The optical characterization of the h-BN synthesized by microwave confirmed the blue luminescence of the material, associated with native defects in its structure and with potential application in light emitters, displays and nanospectroscopy.
Texto publicitário e Letramento Crítico no Livro Didático de língua portuguesa: ampliando paradigmas de leitura
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-02-05) Oliveira, Rogério Macedo de; Paula, Sandra Regina Buttros Gattolin de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9228036521343293; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2091480766165827
The following master thesis intends to investigate reading activities related to advertising texts by conducting comparative analysis between two High School Portuguese textbooks (Brazil, PNLD-2015) whose sessions present reading and comprehension activities directly related to the mentioned discursive genre. By taking into consideration the wide presence of advertising texts in many social contexts, as well as their goals to persuade target audiences by mobilizing strategies to promote a product, idea or concept, language gains a central role and highlights the importance of encouraging students to develop critical and reflective postures on the advertisement increase seen nowadays. Based on such a context, this work aims to conduct a detailed, comparative analysis of reading and comprehension activities presented in these two Portuguese textbooks by exploring theoretical studies related to Critical Literacy and reading activities (LUKE; FREEBODY, 1997; JORDÃO, 2013, 2017; KLEIMAN, 2005; MENEZES DE SOUZA, 2011). Theoretical studies related to advertising knowledge area (SANTOS, 2005) and to the role of multimodalities to create different meanings (KRESS,2003, 2010) were also taken into consideration, as well as the study of Brazilian official documents that regulate the production of textbooks distributed to public schools (BRAZIL, 2013, 2014). Based on the previous considerations, the main objective of this work was to investigate how or in which ways reading and comprehension activities related to advertising texts presented in the selected textbooks (Português: contexto interlocução e sentido and Ser Protagonista: Língua Portuguesa) could favor or even inhibit the promotion of Critical Literacy. In addition, suggestions to amplify or even reconfigure some of the activities were also done to elucidate how the exercises could be articulated to Critical Literacy theories. Results obtained from such research helped to develop considerations related to the theoretical and methodological principles held by both the analyzed reading activities and the Teacher’s guide presented in the textbooks, since most of them were not close to a Critical Literacy reading approach when compared to reading principles sustained by some official documents.