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Escherichia coli detoxificada como plataforma para produção de proteína recombinante A de superfície de pneumococo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-03-02) Paredes, Sheyla Alexandra Hidalgo; Gonçalves, Viviane Maimoni; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6520430298584189; Zangirolami, Teresa Cristina; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4546701843297248; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2465175082064817
One of the main challenges in the therapeutic proteins production using Escherichia coli is to obtain a high purity product. Among the main contaminants (nucleic acids, polysaccharides and contaminating proteins) lipopolysaccharides deserve special attention, since its inflammatory action can lead to septic shock in mammals and for this reason its removal is crucial. Recently a E. coli genetically modified strain capable of producing recombinant proteins with low endotoxic response became commercially available and it is known as ClearColi. In this context, the purpose of the present study was to evaluate the pneumococcal surface protein A fragment (PspA) production in ClearColi as well as the growth and the physiological responses under different growth and induction conditions. The experiments were performed on shaker using a chemically defined medium (HDF) with glycerol as the main carbon source and lactose and IPTG, as inducers, at 37, 32 and 27 oC, using the factorial 22 design method. From the samples were determined the concentrations of biomass (DO600nm), nucleic acids (Abs260nm), polysaccharides (phenol-sulfuric method), lipopolysaccharides (KDO method) and proteins such as PspA and the contaminants (Bradford and electrophoresis followed by densitometry). Similar experiments were performed with a conventional production platform of this recombinant protein, based on E. coli BL21 (DE3), for comparison. In addition, an experiment using a stirred bioreactor was performed in the best conditions identified in the preliminary experiments on shaker. Thus, as results of the shaker experiments, ClearColi maximum specific growth rate was found to be about 25% smaller than the achieve with conventional E. coli. The highest PspA specific production was achieved using the inducer mixture at 32 ° C, being 165 ± 3 mg/gDCW for ClearColi and 221 ± 13 mg/gDCW for E. coli BL21. It was also found that the production of contaminating proteins was not influenced by any of the conditions evaluated for ClearColi, whereas for E. coli BL21 only at 32oC it was lower. The production of nucleic acids, polysaccharides and lipopolysaccharides occurred mainly during the exponential phase, for most of the studied conditions, therefore, their minimization depends on the choice of culture conditions during the exponential phase. From the bioreactor culture data a biomass yield of 0.63 gDCW/Lh and a protein yield of 81.2 mgPspA/Lh were estimated. The yields achieved with ClearColi were about 64% lower than those obtained with BL21, due to the longer cultivation time required with ClearColi. However, the detoxified strain has the advantage of achieving high PspA specific production values, as well as a low production of contaminating proteins when compared to the conventional strain. In addition, the detoxified strain produces a modified LPS, which does not cause significant pyrogenic reaction. Thus, the present study demonstrated that the endotoxin-free strain use as a platform for the production of recombinant proteins in industrial scale is technically possible and presents itself as a very interesting alternative for therapeutic proteins.
Efeito de diferentes rotas de processamento nas propriedades de armazenagem de hidrogênio da liga Mg – 8% p. Fe
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-03-02) Neves, André Martins; Leiva, Daniel Rodrigo; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6576844591900987; Botta Filho, Walter José; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8956458007749112; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0667978819154186
Interested in developing new, and less dependent on non-renewable energy sources, researchers have been looking for different alternatives for energy systems in the recent years. The “Hydrogen Economy” is an alternative proposed which includes using hydrogen as an energy carrier. However, finding and developing suitable materials still a technological challenge. One method of storing hydrogen is through the use of metal hydrides, for which the Mg/MgH2 system is the most studied to this date. In order to improve its properties as a hydrogen carrier, many additives and processing routes were proposed and studied. The present work aims to investigate the effect of Fe addition and the influence of mechanical processing of melt-spun ribbons. As comparison, high pressure torsion discs were also produced with the same composition. HEBM was performed using pure powders from Mg and Fe (8% wt.) to obtain the mixture that underwent melt-spinning and was subsequently submitted to cold rolling. The hydrogenation kinetic behaviour of the ribbons and HPT samples was measured in a Sieverts-type apparatus. The (micro)structural aspects of the samples were investigated with XRD, SEM and TEM and the thermal properties of the absorbed samples were assessed by using DSC with TG and QMS coupled analysis. TEM imaging shows that a bi-modal distribution of Fe particles, ranging around 10-20 nm and 100-200 nm, was achieved in the ribbons. The results suggest that, in metallic ribbons and with the used composition, Fe does not have by itself a big effect in absorption kinetics, but does influence desorption. Furthermore, different processing routes give rise to different properties, but, within the studied scope, sample dimensions and cracks were the most important features after the first cycle for kinetic behaviour
Alinhamento texto-imagem em sites de notícias
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-03-02) Veltroni, Wellington Cristiano; Caseli, Helena de Medeiros; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6608582057810385; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5489287789894756
Text-image alignment is the task of aligning elements in a text with elements in the image accompanying it. In this work the text-image alignment was applied in news sites. A lot of news do not make clear the correspondence between elements of a text and elements within the associated image. In this scenario, text-image alignment arises with the intention of guiding the reader, bringing clarity to the news and associated image since it explicitly explains the direct correspondence between regions of the image and words (or named entities) in the text. The goal of this work is to combine Natural Language Processing (NLP) and Computer Vision (CV) techniques to generate a text-image alignment for news: the LinkPICS aligner. LinkPICS uses the YOLO convolutional network (CNN) to detect people and objects in the image associated with the news text. Due to the limitation of the number of objects detected by YOLO (only 80 classes), we decided to use three other CNNs to generate new labels for detected objects. In this work, the text-image alignment was divided into two distinct processes: (1) people alignment and (2) objects alignment. In people alignment, the named entities identified in the text are aligned with images of people. In the evaluation performed with the Folha de São Paulo International news corpus, in English, LinkPICS obtained an accuracy of 98% precision. For the objects alignment, the physical words are aligned with objects (or animals, fruits, etc.) present in the image associated with the news. In the evaluation performed with the news corpus of BBC NEWS, also in English, LinkPICS achieved 72% precision. The main contributions of this work are the LinkPICS aligner and the proposed strategy for its implementation, which represent innovations for the NLP and CV areas. In addition to these, another contribution of this work is the possibility of generating a visual dictionary (words associated with images) containing people and objects aligned, which can be used in other researches and applications such as helping to learn a second language.
A influência da complexidade e cor do ambiente sobre o comportamento de emergência e seleção de habitat em Odonata
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-03-02) Tavares, Rafael Israel Santos; Mazão, Gustavo Rincon; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5483557281653769; Ferreira, Rhainer Guillermo Nascimento; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2440863332849994; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6525848619645832
Understanding which behavioral traits influence animal occupation in different habitats is indispensable for understanding ecological processes. Different habitat characteristics, such as the visual complexity of the environment, the presence of three-dimensional structures, the risk of predation and the background color patterns, can act as selective pressures on animal behavior and influence habitat selection and life-cycles. The present dissertation sought to unravel how Odonata larvae behave in different types of microhabitat in controlled trials. In the first chapter, we tested the hypothesis that the larvae select microhabitats, analyzing the preference for environments with low or high complexity, and for light or dark habitats in five laboratory experiments. The results suggest that Odonata larvae show preference for darker microhabitats, regardless of the risk of predation or shelter availability. In addition, the level of visual complexity of the microhabitat may also have influence on habitat selection. In the second chapter, we tested the hypothesis that habitat complexity predicts emergence and mortality rates in Coenagrionidae (Zygoptera) larvae in a system of aquaria complemented with three-dimensional structures to simulate habitats with greater and lesser environmental complexity. The results show that habitats with higher complexity may increase larval emergence rates and reduce mortality rates, highlighting the importance of habitat complexity as one of the favorable conditions for population dynamics. This dissertation adds evidence to the literature on how habitat structure can favor taxa with certain behaviors and strategies of habitat selection, making it possible to unravel ecological questions on population dynamics, dispersion, occurrence and distribution over spatial and temporal scales of aquatic insects communities.
Estudo sobre aderência entre barras de aço e concreto autoadensável com baixo consumo de cimento
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-03-02) Storch, Izabella Sant'Ana; Almeida Filho, Fernando Menezes de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0447825383222965; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1751836246379877
Cement consumption at global level increases gradually, so too grows the environmental degradation that the construction generates. In this scenario, the search for rationalization of materials becomes important. Self-compacting concrete with low consumption of cement (SCCLCC) part of the concept to achieve sustainability in construction, as it provides longevity of deposits of raw materials and reduction in emission of CO2. Being self-compacting, confers on this concrete characteristics in its fresh state, such as: resistance to segregation, passing ability, fluidity and workability. In order to check the use of SCCLCC as a structural concrete, this research assessing the influence of low cement consumption in relation to the bond behavior between steel bar and concrete. Therefore, this research is characterized as a theoretical and experimental study of steel-concrete bond, using SCLCC. For this study, tests were performed with pullout test following the model shown by RILEM-FIP-CEB (1973). The variables studied were: the concrete, which compared the bond behavior between reference self-compacting concrete (RSCC) and the SCCLCC, being used three doses SCCLCC with reduction of 17.5%, 20,0% and 25,0% of cement in relation to the reference concrete and, the steel bar diameter (10 mm and 16 mm). Also, compared the results of bond behavior with bond forecast for formulations of some regulatory codes and theoretical models employed in the literature scientific technique. According to the results, the bond behavior of the SCCLCC was similar or superior to the RSCC, reduced consumption of cement in concrete composition did not influence negatively the bond behavior, as well as other mechanical properties. Regarding theoretical models, there was no satisfactory convergence of the results, demonstrating the need for further studies to predict theoretically the behavior of the bond tension.
Indicadores de sustentabilidade na pecuária leiteira em uma bacia hidrográfica
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-03-02) Almeida, Danilo Costa de; Baldini, Karla Beatriz Lopez; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5838136723447652; Sais, Adriana Cavalieri; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0115095851353833; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6352826577020829
The determination of the level of the agroecological transition in rural properties is essential for directing actions of planning and execution of technical assistance and extension and for proposals of public policies that promote improvements in the quality of life of the rural population. Here, this evaluation was made using socioeconomic and environmental indicators with the MESMIS methodology, which was later submitted to geospatial analysis, with the basin as sample unit, where the rural community of Pedra Preta is inserted, and has 2 conservation units in its limits, these elements integrate the structural and methodological body of this study. The producers interviewed are classified as family farmers and reside on the property, where they have their main source of income in the dairy farming sector. Field research occurred from November 2016 to February 2017 with the application of questionnaires to 26 farmers who provided information for the evaluation of the agroecological transition index that was later spatialized in the QGIS software. Taking into account three dimensions: environmental, social and economic, we applied 25 indicators, where the transition rate calculated for the community was 67.8%. The main weaknesses were; lack of effluent treatment; ignorance of agroecology; and lack of environmental education. The properties with lower rates of agroecological transition are concentrated in the denser regions. The relief and the hydrography were related to the position of the headquarters, the rural producers are concentrated in the bedside area and at the mouth of the Pedra Preta river.
A voz de Dilma: performances oratórias e discursos sobre a fala pública da Presidenta
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-03-02) Casanova, Nicolle de Brito Conceição; Piovezani Filho, Carlos Félix; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1677609008094603; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1702995815667716
Theoretically based on French Discourse Analysis, derived from the works of Michel Pêcheux and his group, this research proposes to analyse Dilma Rousseff’s pronouncements and discourses on her public speech as conveyed by the brazilian media, giving particular attention to the uses and representations of her voice, in order to comprehend the establishment and consolidation of the consensus according to which she would be a poor speaker. Henceforth, we propose to question this consensus by examining the oratory performances and media discourses on this performances, in the interest of demonstrating that not only do such discourses condition the public speech performances of the subjects of a society, in general, and Dilma’s performances, in particular, but also produce the descriptions, comments and evaluations on these performances. In other words, these discourses elaborate, consolidate and can eventually transform the appreciation and depreciation that comes from the public pronouncements’ listening. Moreover, the discursive dynamic that works for the role these sayings play in the framing of the enthusiasms, preferences, indiferences and revulsions in the reception and judgement of public speech also works for the attribution and recognition of the speakers’ charisma: such as eloquence itself, it should thus be conceived as a construction that is processed in history, society and discourse. In pursuit of this purpose, we work on a corpus that consists, on one hand, of Dilma’s pronouncements conveyed by television between 2010 and 2017, covering the period in which she speaks as a presidential candidate, as President and as former President and, on the other hand, on journalistic articles extracted from brazilian newspapers and magazines in national circulation, presented in the form of varied discursive genres (news, reports, editorials, opinion articles and informative notes) and published in different sections and supplements of the newspapers Folha de São Paulo e O Estado de São Paulo and of the magazines Veja and Carta Capital.
Blendas de poli(tereftalato de etileno) e poliamida 66 modificadas com sepiolita
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-03-02) Tanaka, Fernanda Harumi; Cruz, Sandra Andrea; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9632409046763256; Canto, Leonardo Bresciani; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7287108960864123; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5572043219790154
Blends of recycled bottle-grade polyethylene terephthalate and virgin polyamide 66 (PET/PA66) with different compositions (75/25, 50/50, 25/75) unfilled and filled with 5 phr of sepiolite clay (Sep) were investigated. These blends were prepared in a twin-screw extruder and injection molded as standard specimens. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) revealed that PET/PA66 blends with compositions of 75/25 and 25/75 showed matrix-droplet morphology, while the blend with a 50/50 composition showed double emulsion morphology. Sepiolite showed good dispersion and distribution in neat PA66 as well as in the PA66 phase of the PET/PA66 50/50 blend. Temperature-modulated differential scanning calorimetry (MDSC) showed that the overall melting enthalpies of molded PET/PA66 blends follow an additive behavior compared to the neat polymers, with PA66 crystallizing to a greater extent than PET. The addition of sepiolite decreases the melting enthalpy of neat PA66, with little effect on the overall melting enthalpy of the blends. The mechanical behavior of PET/PA66 blends in the tensile test is greatly influenced by the blend composition and sepiolite addition. Blends with PET as matrix and those with double emulsion morphology show brittle fracture while PA66 as matrix leads to ductile behavior. The addition of sepiolite increased the strength and decreased the ductility of the blends. Notched Izod impact strength data follow a similar trend, the blends with PET as matrix showing lower values. In general, this study demonstrated that sepiolite-based PET/PA66 blend nanocomposites are a sound strategy for the enhancement of the mechanical properties of recycled bottle-grade PET.
Cistatinas recombinantes de cana-de-açúcar : especificidade, produção em biorreator e conservação por liofilização
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-03-02) Santiago, Adelita Carolina; Silva, Flávio Henrique da; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1757309852446263; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8140765349742143
Phytocystatins are inhibitors of cysteine peptidases found naturally in plants. Sugarcane cystatins are distinguished by their high inhibitory activity and possible biotechnological applications. In this work, a comparative panel of the inhibitory activities of CaneCPIs 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 against relevant human cathepsins and a cathepsin L of the sugarcane weevil, Sphenophorus levis, demonstrated the inhibitory efficiency of these cystatin. From this panel it was possible to observe that CaneCPIs 4 and 5 have potent inhibitory activity with very low Ki values for all cathepsins tested. Due to the insolubility of CaneCPI-4 produced in E. coli, Cterminal mutations were performed to make it more soluble, but were not able to alter solubility of the protein, but rather its inhibitory capacity. CaneCPI-4 was also expressed in Pichia pastoris. An increase in scale was carried out for the production of CaneCPIs 4 and 5 in bioreactor, and CaneCPI-5 was successfully expressed and used in a study that showed its ability to adhesion to dental enamel and protection against acid erosion. CaneCPI-4 was subjected to lyophilization with different stabilizers and it was shown to be stable even without the use of them, proving that this cystatin is quite stable even under stressful conditions for the molecule. Therefore, this study demonstrates the inhibitory potential of CaneCPIs, the possibility of producing them in bioreactor and of being lyophilized, all this information is important for a future industrial production and commercial use of sugarcane cystatin for various biotechnological purposes.
Um estudo correlacional entre habilidades sociais, suporte social e qualidade de vida de cuidadores familiares de idosos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-03-02) Ximenes, Vanessa Santiago; Barham, Elizabeth Joan; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9868595523538592; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7131685365360983
The demand for care of elderly family has increased exponentially in Brazil, while the availability of family support tends to be increasingly restricted. Thus, many caregivers of elderly people report intense difficulties in mobilizing other family members to share responsibilities for caring, and also report poorer health and lower quality of life compared to people with a similar sociodemographic profile, but who are not caregivers. Therefore, it is important to identify variables that act as buffers for adversity and that allow the caregiver to construct a more beneficial context to help his or her elderly family. Based on studies conducted with other populations, it has been shown that those with better developed social skills have more positive perceptions of social support and of quality of life. In addition, sociodemographic conditions seem to influence people’s use of social skills and the quality of the social support they receive. To plan psychosocial interventions for those who care for an elderly relative, it would be important to verify whether social skills are effective in overcoming barriers so that other family members also assume responsibilities for caring for an elderly relative. Based on these considerations and three theoretical models used to understand the wellbeing of those who care for an elderly family member, the objectives of this study were to: (a) examine the frequency of their use of social skills, and their perceptions of social support and quality of life, (b) analyze the strength of the relationship between caregivers’ social skills and their perceptions of social support and quality of life, and (c) investigate the influence of sociodemographic factors and the dependency of the care-recipient on these variables. Study participants were 70 caregivers who assisted an elderly family member, 65 of them were women, recruited in three Brazilian states, with ages ranging between 27 and 78 years. They all responded to the following instruments: Brazilian Criteria for Economic Classification, the Social Skills Inventory for Family Caregivers of the Elderly, the Scale of Perceived Social Support, Quality of Life Scale – caregiver version, the Katz Scale of Daily Living Activities, and Pfeffer’s Functional Activities Questionnaire. The caregivers’ scores on the measures of social skills, social support and quality of life were moderate to high, and the correlations among caregivers’ scores on these three measures were positive and of moderate strength. The caregivers’ educational level had a weak, positive relationship with social skills. Their age and socioeconomic level, and the care-recipients’ level of dependence did not have a significant relationship with any of the main, study variables. Given that the evidence obtained in this study supports theoreticians who propose that there is a relationship among social skills, social support and wellbeing, a next step will be to design and evaluate social skills training programs, to determine if the development and great use of this class of behaviors would help caregivers to obtain higher quality social support, lessening the burden of this responsibility, and improving their quality of life.
Cada um com sua luta: uma etnografia da relação entre sertanejos e mosquitos no alto sertão sergipano
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-03-02) Maia, Túllio Dias da Silva; Santos, Roseli La Corte dos; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1043836205907613; Vander Velden, Felipe Ferreira; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7289231173735671; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0115788663845893
The early years of the 20th century brought with it the discovery – perhaps the invention – of mosquitoes' ability to transmit pathogens. Occupying, since then, a highlighted space in medical literature, studies about these insects have always operated under the imperative of diseases' eradication – also the eradication of pathogens who entail such diseases. Echoing, nowadays, such occurrences, Northeastern Brazilian backwoods has become a target of an epidemiological investigation, withal after frequent cases of Zika fever in pregnant women and the vertical transmission to their babies causing them microcephaly, expressively in the backwoods of Paraíba and Pernambuco States (Brazil). This work constitutes an ethnography held in the surroundings of the Conservation Unity Natural Monument Grota do Angico (MONA), placed on the banks of São Francisco River, in Sergipe State, Brazil. Living together with a riverside family of fishermen for closely nonconsecutive 60 days, I held an ethnographic incursion, on the light of multispecies ethnography, approaching the relationships between sertanejos and mosquitoes. Native speech and practices, thus, led to insects as components of a caatinga that suffers and makes suffer. Their vector agency was pointed as features of only those mosquitoes from the cities, the latter, with their poisons and sewers. I propose, then, a more than vector approach for these insects in order to claim a mosquito ecology beyond the concerns historically related to them.
Termogravimetria aplicada para caracterização da biomassa
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-03-02) Belini, Gabriela Bertoni; Varanda, Luciano Donizeti; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9095009636880827; Yamaji, Fábio Minoru; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4787449634914831; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1833991005624421
Issues related to renewable energy have been increasingly addressed and discussed. In this context, biomass is an alternative for the generation of renewable and available energy. Its use, instead of fossil fuels, helps to reduce the environmental impact and the greenhouse effect. The aim of this study was to verify the influence of biomass components on their thermal degradation using thermogravimetry and to compare values for proximate analysis and for a heating schedule. The materials used were pine (Pinus elliottii) and eucalyptus (Eucalyptus Grandis x Eucalyptus Urophylla) woods and sugarcane bagasse (Saccharum officinarum). The raw materials were analyzed in 4 different treatments: in natura, material without extractives, holocellulose and lignin. The thermogravimetric analyzes were performed on the Perkin Elmer TGA device Pyris 1 TGA. The analyzes were carried out under a nitrogen atmosphere with a flow of 20 ml.min-1. The heating rate was 20 ° C.min-1 starting at 50 ° C to 900 ° C. Proximate analysis of the biomasses, the chemical composition of the materials and the high heating value (HHV) with and without extractives were calculated. It was observed that the presence of the extractives decreases the temperature of the beginning of the thermal degradation, and they are the first ones to be volatilized, besides diminishing the HHV. From the separated components of the biomass, it was observed that the polyses and cellulose, which composes holocellulose, begin their degradation before lignin, which presented a higher degradation temperature and a higher thermal stability.
Caracterização de meios filtrantes através do estudo das normas de padronização de testes europeia e americana
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-03-02) Lista, Ana Elisa; Aguiar, Mônica Lopes; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0431688649128529; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0496916107424188
Nowadays, people spend considerable part of their time indoors with air conditioners on. Even at work, in a car or at home, they expose themselves to what is known as indoor air pollution. The market offers a variety of filters with different efficiency performances, thus serving for different applications. In order to know which one is most appropriate to a given situation, standards should be used that describe filter ratings, which are performed through standardized tests. However, such standards provide different information regarding efficiency, dust holding capacity and load loss. Consequently, the lack of correlation between them causes doubts and misuse of the filters. Against this background, the main objective of this study is to carry out experiments following the tests of European standards (EN 779/1822) and also American (ASHRAE 52.2) in order to compare them later. Five different filter media were used. They are divided into two categories: HEPA filters (glass and quartz) and industrial filters (celulose, activated carbono and polyester).In order to simulate the passage of air through the filter, an experimental apparatus was adapted, taking into account the specific restrictions of each standardization. First, the characterization of the filters (fiber diameter, porosity and thickness) were carried out by means of the Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). Afterwards, efficiency following each standardization condition (different aerosol) was collected. The HEPA filters results when compared are very similar (close to 100%). However, only American standard was able to give a better ranking for the filter media of quartz. Between the coarse filters, American and European showed that cellulose is more efficient. The same filter has shown different efficiency values depending on the standard condition which was chosen.
Boa postura da "boa" equação de Boussinesq em espaços de Sobolev na reta e no toro
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-03-02) Lourenço, Renan de Carvalho; Barostichi, Rafael Fernando; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3582461114222090; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0996458273577435
In this work we address the problem of good posture of the nonlinear partial differential equation known as the "good" Boussinesq equation in Sobolev spaces. We will present the results of good posture in both cases, the periodical, when the initial data and the solutions are periodic in the spatial variable, and the non-periodic one.