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Saberes docentes e desafios no ensino de Português língua estrangeira na atuação de professores em formação
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-03-08) Izaki Gómez, Marina Ayumi; Viana, Nelson; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6252579012192711; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9617486141616121
The projection of Brazil in the political-economic scenario and the internationalization of Brazilian universities have amplified the demand for qualified professionals to teach Portuguese as a Foreign Language (PFL). As a consequence, it is acknowledged that PFL teachers must be prepared to deal with the challenges that arise from teaching their mother tongue as a foreign language, which highlight the necessity and relevance of studies focusing on the preparation process of PFL teachers. According to Leffa (2001), one of the most discussed topics within the teacher education is the importance to differentiate the term teacher education from the term training. The former is related to the teachers’ reflection process according to their own teaching practice, and the latter is connected to the execution of tasks that achieve immediate results. In order to foster the reflective practice, it seems to be necessary to create opportunities, so teachers can, collaboratively, with other colleagues, engage themselves in a process of developing a broader comprehension related to the teaching and learning processes. Therefore, it is relevant the presence of, at least, one expertise teacher. Following this premise, the overall objective of this study is to reflect on the teachers knowledge that pre-service teacher education operate in the teaching of Portugues as a Foreign Language or as a Second Language in immersion context. The specific goals of this study are to analyze expectations related to the teaching of PFL (prior teaching knowledge) presented by pre-service teachers, to verify which knowledge teachers operationalize in practice to deal with teaching specificities (linguistic and cultural), analyze the types of challenges teachers face when they are teaching their native language for speakers of other languages, and to explore context variables in teacher’s practice. This research is theoretically based on studies on reflective processes of teacher education and teachers knowledge (SHULMAN, 1987; SCHÖN, 2000; TARDIF E RAYMOND, 2000; LEFFA, 2001; CHARLOT, 2005; ZEICHNER, 2008; DUTRA, 2010, ALVAREZ, 2010; KANEKO-MARQUES, 2011; ROCHA E GILENO, 2016), and its methodology will rely upon an ethnographic qualititative perspective. The contexts of data collection were in Brazil (pre-service teacher education). We indicate as the main result of this research the need to carry out collaborative work with the pre- service teacher education and to create opportunities so that they can develop reflective practice on the pedagogical action. We expect that this study will contribute to a better understanding of specificities related to PFL teaching practice, in Brazilian contexts, allowing pre-service teachers to (re)define their pedagogical practices.
Transgêneras nos espaços universitários - as alunas trans
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-03-08) Castelani, Gisele Aparecida Zutin; Pimentel, Andréa Eloisa Bueno; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9330438553830026; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9814956676596270
To be able to meet the demands of the transgendered students at the Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), in order to make the university a more favorable place for coexistence among the different ones and respect for diversity is the proposal of this dissertation. It is believed that within this educational space the flags of struggles should be better discussed and worked on, contributing with answers or proposals that can promote equity, ensuring that differences in identity are valued and that institutional processes adapt to differences. For the construction of the field in which this research is inserted, there are knowledge such as sexuality, transgender people, inclusive public policies in higher education, the pros and cons of affirmative actions, UFSCar and its policy of affirmative action and assistance, which includes the Secretariat for Affirmative Actions, Diversity and Equity (SAADE). As methodology we have Oral History. Their choice proved to be a source of social reading that begins with the individual, then opens the range for their collectivity and through the unveiling of reality presented by them we can contribute to the construction of solutions and interventions. The main difficulty in the research was the acceptance of transgendered students participating in the research. However, the research was qualitative rather than quantitative. Four transgender students from UFSCar were interviewed, one being a dropout. There was a shady scenario for trans within the Institution, but the presence of SAADE offers comfort, support, representation to them. All of them presented proposals for a better university and all were unanimous in highlighting the importance of raising the awareness of all staff, especially teachers and reception staff of transgender people. As a conclusion, the proposal is that, besides being a rich source of contribution along with alternatives that may minimize the situations raised and be a source for future research on the subject in question, it may result in practical actions, educational and informative actions, so that they can help the University not only in its institutional policies but also in being a pleasant space of learning and no longer a place of exclusion and invisibility.
Permanência e Evasão na Educação a Distância: uma análise dos cursos subsequentes do IFSULDEMINAS Campus Muzambinho
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-03-08) Gomes, Simone Aparecida; Carvalho, Joelson Gonçalves de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0141039743607067; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0132564022107034
The creation of the Federal Institutes, expanding their campuses and the increase in the supply of vacancies of distance education has provided the democratization of access to education. However, high rates of evasion are observed by those institutions, a problem that causes economic losses. In the face of this reality, this study sought to investigate what are the rates of evasion in the institution and to identify the factors that contribute to the permanence and circumvention of technical courses students following the distance offered by the Federal Institute of Education, science and technology of southern Minas Gerais-campus Muzambinho. The sample analysed was subsequent courses offered students in the distance at the polo capital of Alfenas. The obtained results demonstrated that the factors that contribute to the permanence are the support of the family and the professional recognition and the factors that contribute to the avoidance are the lack of face-to-face lessons, the difficulty of performing stage, the difficulty to understand the contents and to reconcile work with their studies.
Factors affecting bird fauna in patches of urban private forests in Southeastern Brazil
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-03-08) Campos-Silva, Lucas Andrei; Piratelli, Augusto João; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4747322084219058; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8819880403976234
Urban ecology has received attention in the recent scientific literature, but most studies are conducted in public areas. Many private closed gated communities have been created in Neotropical cities, often including patches of native vegetation. Fragments of native vegetation shelter a noteworthy urban biodiversity, and private areas could be managed together to public parks to offer friendly sites for urban avifauna. Yet, little is known about the importance of these private forests for bird conservation. Here we characterized the bird-fauna composition in patches of native private forests and analyzed the effects of a set of biological and environmental characteristics on birds. We performed this study in Sorocaba (Brazil) in 28 patches of private forests in 17 closed gated communities, from September 2016 to September 2017. We sampled bird fauna through 46 fixed-points counts (one to six per gated communities) and evaluated 16 environmental variables (14 local - vegetation structure - and two of the landscape) in plots of 10mx10m. We recorded 72 species of birds, mostly diet- and habitat specialists (58%). These private forests harbor many forest dependent/semi depend species (65% of all sampled species). Eight local variables have affected the species richness, diversity, abundance, trophic guilds, and forest dependence. Percentage of forest cover has influenced abundance, trophic guilds and forest dependence. Yet, patches of private native vegetation may be relevant refuges to urban birds, and proper management may enhance their role in maintaining a more specialized bird fauna.
Moldura analítica para priorizar a automação de processos de trabalho na UFSCar
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-03-08) Danini, Thiago Sentanin; Melo, Erick Lazaro; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0531869501074485; Amaral, Roniberto Morato do; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6958372164719600; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3357840351574227
Brazilian public organizations face daily difficulties to adapt to the demands of society, following the evolution of information technology concerning to business management models. In this sense are the Federal Institutions of Higher Education, which seeks to meet the society demand for affordable and quality higher education, as well as contribute to the scientific and technological development of Brazil, have seen their organizational processes reach a high complexity and diversity degree. However, the practices and methods adopted to execute these processes are often obsolete and not automated, which may compromise the achievement of their institutional project. Furthermore, resources scarcity made the decision-making procedure a key factor in organizational management and in this sense the identification and prioritization of which processes should be worked first is important. The overall aim of this research, based on the business process management approach, was to develop and apply an analytical molding (matrix) of prioritization as a way of evaluating and set priorities how much the of work process automation initiatives in UFSCar. The action-research was used as a method and the case-unit was the Informatic General Secretary of the Federal University of São Carlos. The results included both the development of an analytical molding (matrix) of prioritization to analyze the work processes and to define priorities regarding the systems development as well as their application in the case-unit, which involved four steps: 1] Diagnosis of the current situation; 2] Development of the matrix; 3] Application of the matrix; 4] Analysis of results. Concludes based of the theoretical discussion and analysis of the results that, through the proposed analytical molding, it was possible not only to know and analyze the processes considering their characteristics and information, but also to subsidize the choice of which process should be automated first. Furthermore, the use of the Prioritization Matrix provides transparency and credibility toward choice through establishing criteria.
Ecologia de invertebrados aquáticos em riachos de altitude do planalto de Poços de Caldas, MG, Brasil
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-03-08) Santos, Mireile Reis dos; Pamplin, Paulo Augusto Zaitune; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7293362176615851; Gessner, Alaíde Aparecida Fonseca; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8465752836529703; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5085014156598263
Streams are unique and isolated environments that include a wide range of species. These species have close relations with these ecosystems and may have different patterns of ecological responses. Thus, this study compared the communities of aquatic invertebrates of twenty-six (26) first to third order streams of three watersheds in a high-altitude region with different soil uses, chiefly eucalyptus plantations. Furthermore, investigated which component (space or environmental) and approach were decisive in the structuring of these metacommunities and relates them to the functional evolutionary traits of different taxonomic groups. A limnological comparison was made of the streams and watersheds using permutational multivariate analysis of variance (PERMANOVA). The structure of the communities was compared based on richness, abundance, and diversity (alpha and beta) and some metrics to determine environmental quality. The biological composition was compared by means of exclusive and shared taxa and frequencies of occurrence and dominance them. Was applied a Partial Redundancy Analysis – RDA- partial to verify the proportion of explicability of the environmental and spatial components. Limnological differences were detected between the three watersheds themselves and the streams in the watersheds. Richness and abundance accompanied the decreasing pattern for the watersheds from the best to the worst environmental quality and highlighted the differences between the watersheds in comparisonto the diversity indices. In general and in all three watersheds, most of the identified taxa were rare. Among the indicator taxa, the more sensitive clades had a higher probability of occurrence in the more preserved locations, while the more tolerant clades were more likely to occur in more impacted environments. The studied communities were less influenced by the spatial component and the environmental component was crucial to all taxonomic groups, albeit individually for each taxon. Both components correlated with the selected functional traits. In the studied region, changes to the landscape, especially resulting from the introduction of eucalyptus and the lack of conservation practices, can determine the elimination of resident aquatic invertebrates.
Produção de esferoides de células tumorais de câncer de bexiga num biorreator de vórtice de Taylor
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-03-08) Santos, Diogo Peres dos; Suazo, Cláudio Alberto Torres; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9591447226240450; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2351864642712999
Two-dimensional (2D) cell culture has been the common platform for evaluating anticancer drugs. However, three-dimensional (3D) cell cultures, such as multicellular tumor spheroids (MCTS), best resemble tumor in vivo properties, being potentially more suitable for preclinical evaluation of drug candidates. However, this shift from 2D to 3D on the high-throughput screening platform will only be possible if mass production of this culture becomes possible. This study aims to evaluate a new Taylor vortex bioreactor (TVB) for the production of MCTS using the RT4 bladder cancer cell line. For a robust analysis, a preliminary study was carried out by full factorial design of the independent variables agitation and inoculum density, resulting in 4 combinations and a central point. With the results obtained it was possible to make a more directed central composite design of the two variables, resulting in 9 different combinations and a triplicate in the central point. The response variables analyzed related to the spheroids produced were: mean diameter, standard deviation of this diameter, quantity (number), productivity, and circularity. Cultures were performed on a TVB with a working volume of 100 mL using McCoy 5A medium in a 37 °C incubator and 5-10% CO2. The results allowed the identification of values of the two independent variables that lead to cell growth with low lethality, high spheroid productivity and a wide range of diameters that could meet several technological demands in the evaluation of drug efficacy and toxicity. The circularity and variability of spheroid diameter, although considered good, need to be improved for new technological applications in medicine and pharmacy. In summary, it can be said that the use of TVB for the production of large-scale MCTS is a very promising platform.
Dietas alimentares e as emissões de gases de efeito estufa nas capitais brasileiras
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-03-08) Costa, Gabriella Nunes da; Aguiar, Danilo Rolim Dias de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1889207481986151; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7250790171382068
Food consumption has two distinct consequences on welfare: on the one hand, it determines the nutritional situation of consumers; on the other hand, it affects the emissions of greenhouse gases (GHG), thus impacting global warming. In this context, this study aims to evaluate food consumption of different groups of consumers who reside in the capitals of the Brazilian states and in the Federal District, in terms of meeting their nutritional needs and causing GHG emissions. The results suggest that high-income consumers reach adequate level of nourishment through food consumption away from home. However, low-income consumers fail to reach food security, despite spending a considerable share of their incomes on food purchases. Consequently, Brazilian food insecurity can be attributed to limited access to food. Regarding GHG emissions, diets of high-income consumers are associated with higher emissions due to the consumption of beef and dairy products. If consumers adopted the most GHG-intensive diet, total emissions would between 29.0 and 62.2 thousand metric tons CO2 equivalent daily. Conversely, if all individuals consumed the least GHG-intensive diet able to meet their nutritional needs, total GHG emissions would be of 16.1 thousand metric tons CO2 equivalent daily. Thus, Brazilian policymakers should incentivize the consumption of diets which could meet people’s nutritional needs at a minimum environmental cost.
Identificação dos condicionantes para a criação de consórcios intermunicipais: estudo de caso na região nordeste do estado de São Paulo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-03-08) Strazza, Mariane de Carvalho; Fonseca, Sérgio Azevedo; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2879240108726907; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9241912464130248
In order to fulfill the commitments established due to the promulgation of The National Solid Waste Policy (NSWP – Política Nacional de Resíduos Sólidos - PNRS), The Federal Government, Federal District, States and Municipalities should elaborate and implement their Integrated Management Plans of Solid Waste, aiming to guarantee the adequate environmental handling of these wastes. It occurs that, most Brazilian municipalities, with emphasis on the small ones, do not have qualified technical staff or financial resources to implement management solutions to cater to all the parameters imposed by national policy. Despite this aspect, The NSWP motivates the adoption of consortiums as a management instrument of the handling chains of the wastes, which is why this research has sought to identify if the creation of an intercity public consortium aimed at the proper environmental management of solid waste, would assure the municipalities enough tools to confront all these challenges proposed by The NSWP. In order to do so, it has been performed a study of the municipal plans of integrated management of solid wastes, and/or the basic sanitation municipal plans of nine municipalities from the northeast region of Sao Paulo state, interviews not structured with the environmental Municipal Departments, desk researches about public consortiums and a case study of public consortiums of waste management in operation, the result has shown that, intercity cooperation really furnish locals with instruments to deal with the proper environmental handling of solid wastes and, therefore, it has been proposed the elaboration of a public consortium among locals who are participating in this research through the presentation of the preliminary version of the protocols of intentions.
O uso de honeydew por aves (Hemiptera: Coccoidea) na Mata Atlântica do sudeste do Brasil
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-03-08) Capelão, Raissa Sequini; Piratelli, Augusto João; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4747322084219058; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0419962296972086
Honeydew is a carbohydrate solution produced and secreted by scale insects (Hemiptera), which feed on the phloem of host plants, removing nitrogen compounds for protein synthesis. Here we analyzed factors that may affect scale insects (Stigmacoccus paranaenses) (Stigmaccocidae) secretion of honeydew on Inga trees, and described its use as a feeding resource by birds in a rain Atlantic forest area, in southeastern Brazil. We performed 359 hours of observation on 25 focal trees from the first fortnight September 2016 to fortnight September 2017. We recorded twenty-five bird species feeding on honeydew, totaling 3,261 visits. Sixteen of these species were never recorded feeding on honeydew before. Most of the visits occurred in the morning (7:00 am to 8:00 am) and in the winter months, and the most recorded species were Bananaquit (Coerebinae) and Tanagers (Thraupidae). Golden-chevroned Tanager (Thraupidae) was the species that most actively defended the resource, with 44% of all 759 observed agonistic interactions. We verified a seasonal variation in honeydew production, peaking in the austral winter time and absent in the summer. Honeydew consumption is intrinsically linked to variation in its availability, which is negatively affected by temperature. We found evidence of resource partitioning among honeydew consumers, which includes not only birds but several arthropods. Although honeydew may be a seasonal opportunistic resource, it seems to be highly worth defending, because of its high sugar concentration, composition, and its easy-access, leading to a positive trade-off.
Impacto da mudança do uso da terra e adubação nitrogenada no balanço de metano
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-03-08) Quevedo, Helio Danilo; Pitombo, Leonardo Machado; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9975423140836779; Carmo, Janaina Braga do; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8627099224335903; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8046619942628630
Pristine ecosystems exert important functions to provide the environmental equilibrium. These functions are defined as ecosystems services. Such services include the climatic regulation, which covers nutrient and greenhouse gases cycling. The CH4, second most relevant gas to the global warming, is biologically oxidized by very specialized microrganisms. Well-drained soils are the main sink of the CH4 biologically oxidized. Due to evolutionary reasons, the microrganisms that occupy the niche of ammonium oxidation are also able to oxidize CH4, and vice and versa. However, there is only energetic benefit and C assimilation when each group exerts their specific function. There is a link between biodiversity loss and loss of CH4 consumption. Thus, our hypothesis is that N fertilization results in inhibition of the soil capacity in oxidizing CH4. To test this hypothesis, the aims of this research are: compare the capacity of different soils (pristine and cultivated pairs) in consuming CH4; assess the effect of nitrogen fertilization in the capacity of the soil in consuming CH4; and identify the edaphic parameters related with the resistance of soils regarding theirs ability to consume CH4 after they receive N. Microcosms were set with soils of the Pampas, Cerrado, Caatinga and Atlantic Forest. The results indicate that soils with native vegetation don't lose the ability to consume CH4 after addition of N- (NH4) 2SO4. Soils with native vegetation can consume up to 27.22 μg.kg. soil-1.day-1, while all soils with use history didn't consume the gas, regardless the biome they come from. We conclude that the interruption of CH4 sink is related to the change in land use and not exclusively to the use of nitrogen fertilizer.
Políticas Linguísticas e impacto social: a língua estrangeira no Enem
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-03-08) Blanco, Juliana; Paula, Sandra Regina Buttros Gattolin de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9228036521343293; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5956499257075926
The objective of this study was to investigate how and which language policies justify and serve as a basis for Enem (Brazilian National High School Standardized Exam) foreign language (English and Spanish) tests; how this exam can impact classes, beliefs and practices of students and teachers; and, additionally, whether these beliefs and practices influence the official language policy. In order to achieve the established objectives, the theoretical foundation of this research was based on studies addressing language policies (SHOHAMY, 1993, 2006, 2008; SPOLSKY, 2004; TOLLEFSON, 1991, 2006; RAJAGOPALAN, 2013a e 2013b; RIBEIRO DA SILVA, 2011, 2016; RICENTO, 2006; CALVET, 2007, WILEY, 1996; among others) and social and political aspects of foreign language exams (SCARAMUCCI, 1999, 2001, 2005, 2010; MCNAMARA, 2001; BACHMAN; PALMER, 1993; CHENG, 2008; ALDERSON; WALL, 1993; among others). A qualitative, interpretative ethnographic methodology was employed. The research was developed in a Primary and Secondary Education municipal public school located in the city of São Paulo, and it involved 34 students and two teachers. Two questionnaires were used, one for the students and the other one for the teachers, and notes were taken during three consecutive months in the field from the observation of Spanish and English language classes taught to two groups of students. In addition, in order to understand the official language policy, we have analyzed the Brazilian Law of Educational Guidelines and Fundamental Principles (LDB) in effect between 1996 and 2015, the LDB significantly amended in 2016, Law 11.161/2005, regarding the offer of Spanish classes in High School and which was revoked in 2016, and the documents directly related to the exam and, mainly, to the foreign language test. The achieved results revealed students’ and teachers’ beliefs about foreign languages, college entrance exams, Enem and its foreign language test. An overestimation of English language was identified in the questionnaires; however, this estimation was not explicitly reflected in classes. Most participants agree that the exam should evaluate foreign language and deem the possibility of choosing between English or Spanish test to be positive. The impact of said exam is more evident in Spanish classes and nearly inexistent in English classes. Lastly, the changes in the official policy made simultaneously with the development of this study were discussed, and they suggest inconsistencies regarding the beliefs and realities of the investigated classes, indicating that the impact of the exam on official language policies is almost inexistent.
Memória digital e educação a distância: reflexões acerca da disciplina Letramento Digital da UAB-UFSCar
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-03-08) Schiavinato-Batista, Ana Carla; Gomes, Luiz Roberto; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4768579559449929; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3629697936043487
Think about forms of organization and relationship of the current society has been a great challenge, given the speed of changes, many of them as a result of the electronic and digital innovations, particularly those relating to digital information and communication technologies (DICT). There are significant changes in how we learn and teach, how data are moving, how people relate to one another and how society is organized. Several concepts in this context arise and/or are transformed, among of these concepts are the memory and the "digital memory". Therefore, aiming to understand how the "digital memory" is presented in the type of education which is called "distance education" (EaD) was the thesis’ purpose, so that it was possible to analyze how the "digital memory" affect this context, and then, to reflect on educational´s background in a society marked by digital technologies. The research methodology used was based on assumptions of the Critical Theory of Society as a qualitative analysis of data to be observed in the model of distance education of UAB-UFSCar, in the discipline called "Literacy Digital", which was taught to the students of Bachelor's Degree in Music Education course. At that were specifically observed aspects of form and content of the VLE (virtual learning environment): tools/design and didactic materials. It is concluded that is necessary to think about the impacts of "digital memory" like: short-term logic, loss of the present as transforming the future, hyperstimulation of the senses that modify the feeling of the which has been lived continuously. Therefore, it was proposed to combat engendered logics by the technological society that help to bombard the short-term memory with useless and superficial information and data, making it dificult for more complex creation processes which needs some time and pauses to be consolidated in long-term memories which will be rescued and re-elaborated in the future.