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Falas, lugares e transformação: os Yuhupdeh do baixo rio Tiquié
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-03-09) Felipe, Henrique Junio; Andrello, Geraldo Luciano; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5447074379881029; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8293784034457095
This thesis corresponds to an ethnography about the yuhupdeh of the lower Tiquié river, a people belonging to the Nadehup (Maku linguistic family, located in the Amazon Northwest. It is sought to retake here the theme of Maku mobility as the guiding thread of the report that develops in the four chapters of the thesis, understanding it as a characteristic of its sociability, its way of inhabiting the world in relation to its production of knowledge about the world itself. As the ethnographic experience reveals, the yuhupdeh perform a broad movement on the axis from the Serra do Bacurau region, at the headwaters of the Igarapé Ira, home of the Yuhupdeh clans, to the city of São Gabriel da Cachoeira and from there, to the Lake (Rio de Janeiro and other major cities of the country) in the written and photographic records of anthropologists and linguists. It is a pendular movement that coincides with the space-time axis upstream of the trip of the canoe snake, but also around which the cosmos and the yuhupdeh social life are organized. In general, we will try to understand the way in which the yuhupdeh relate their own history, from their appearance in mythical time to the present moment where they are increasingly frequent in the city and have their language and narratives conducted even further, to Rio de Janeiro or São Paulo. In fact, it becomes a focus of interest of the analysis to understand the way the yuhupdeh formulate the transformations in that upstream space-time axis, that is, from Milky Lake to the Serra do Bacurau and, conversely, from Serra to Lake.
Bioprospecção de fungos filamentosos endofíticos de espécies medicinais com potencial de produzir moléculas de interesse biotecnológico
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-03-09) Santos, Tamara Fonseca Bastos; Santos, Cleoni Carvalho dos
Endophytic microorganisms are defined as organisms that live inside plant tissues without causing any damage to the host plant. Bacteria and fungi produce several bioactive compounds, with antimicrobial, enzymatic, antioxidant and other properties. These compounds may be derived from the ability of endophytic microorganisms to produce substances similar to those produced by the host plant. For these reasons, in this work was performed the bioprospection of endophytic filamentous fungi of native medicinal plants of the Brazilian tropical savanna, with the objective of testing their ability to produce compounds with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial activity. The plant species used were Lafoensia pacari, Campomanesia xanthocarpa, Guazuma ulmifolia and Siparuna guianensis. Eighteen endophytic fungi were isolated and identified from the tissues of these plants. To obtain the bioactive compounds, the fungi were submitted to submerged culture in malt broth, Czapek Dox broth and potato dextrose broth and after growth submitted to centrifugation, the supernatants (crude extracts) were evaluated. Antimicrobial activity was observed in the isolate GF9C (family Trichocomaceae) obtained in the medium malt, the crude extract inhibited the growth of bacterial strains Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococus faecalis. Antioxidant activities greater than 50% tested in reaction with the free radicals 2,2- diphenyl-1-pricrilhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2-azino bis (3-ethylbenzo thiazoline 6 sulfonic acid) (ABTS) were obtained by isolated fungi LF3C (Talaromyces funiculosus), GF16F (Colletotrichum boniense), CF7F (Phomopsis sp) and GF9C (Trichocomaceae family) in Czapek Dox medium. The anti-inflammatory activity was tested by reaction with membranes of human erythrocytes and the isolates C7FF, LF3C and GF9C, and the last two presented activity indexes of 94.82% and 49.32%, respectively. The crude extracts of these isolates were promising and it was possible to relate the anti-inflammatory activity to the presence of flavonoids. The results obtained in general corroborate the ability of endophytic fungi to produce bioactive compounds, and the activities tested have biotechnological potential for future applications in medicine.
Síntese direta do acetato de etila a partir do etanol sobre catalisadores de Au, Cu e AuCu suportados em zircônia monoclínica (m-ZrO2)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-03-09) Lacerda, Camila Raquel de; Destro, Priscila; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7529829607627118; Bueno, José Maria Corrêa; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0157452280626031; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6593627399463062
The ethanol conversion into ethyl acetate is a very important reaction, in economic and scientific fields. In the context of science, the propose of this work was to evaluate the activity of Au and Cu catalysts supported in m-ZrO2, as well as to evaluate the effect of the addition of different Au contents to the Cu/ZrO2 catalyst. The catalysts were synthesized by the deposition-precipitation method with NaOH and characterized by XRD, N2 physisorption and transmission electron microscopy with chemical mapping of the elements by EDS. The results suggested a high dispersion of the metals on the support without significant changes of the textural properties when adding different metallic contents. Performing catalytic tests in the same conversion basis it was possible to observe that the activity of the catalysts containing Au, both monometallic and bimetallic, is extremely dependent on the Au particle size. The Au monometallic catalysts had an average particle size in the range of 2.2 - 3.1 nm, while the bimetallic ones had a size variation in the 2.5 - 4.1 nm range. Analysis of the apparent rate of formation of the acetaldehyde (AcH) and ethyl acetate (AcOEt) products showed that the addition of Au to the Cu catalyst is beneficial when using a low Au content, resulting in small and well-dispersed particles. However, when the Au content is increased and the particles become larger, the activity of the catalyst to form the product of interest, ethyl acetate, is disadvantageous. The results confirm that Au, when present in small particles, has very favorable electronic properties to the ethanol dehydrogenation to ethyl acetate, both in Au monometallic catalysts and AuCu bimetallic catalysts, proving to be a promising system for this kind of reaction.
Algoritmo híbrido de otimização por enxame de partículas aplicado ao gerenciamento de cargas residenciais
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-03-09) Cavalca, Diego Luiz; Fernandes, Ricardo Augusto Souza; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0880243208789454; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3677080775789758
Demand side power management and a useful solution and guarantee in the context of Smart Grids, since it allows to reduce energy consumption in periods of greater network consumption, aiming to ensure system reliability and minimize resource wastage. Thus, production efficiency and energy consumption are a key feature in this context, and optimization methods are highly relevant, being a crucial part of the planning, operation and control of energy systems. In this work, a new particle swarm optimization algorithm approach is proposed for the feasible time resolution of the load operation planning in a smart home, aiming to mitigate problems related to the high dimensionality and the presence of constraints, inherent problems in this field. Assuming a robust mathematical model, the results of the computational simulations carried out show that the proposed approach, even when compared to alternative methods, contributes significantly to reduction of energy costs in relation to tariff variations, as well as minimizing the use of residential loads at peak times for a group of consumers, obtaining optimized solutions in adequate time, expressing to the applicability of the proposed algorithm.
Avaliação da contaminação microbiana em fluido para cortes de metais em indústria metalúrgica.
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-03-09) Costa, Cleide Caldas; Dos Santos, André Cordeiro Alves; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2131880667704281; Duarte, Iolanda Cristina Silveira; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2626035341263254; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5310584416241411
Metalworking Fluids (MWF) is the class of oils and liquids used to lubricate, reduce heat and friction between the tool and parts, helping the parts machining at the time of cutting. Contamination from the dilution water and the nutrients present in the MWF can contribute to the growth of microorganisms in the fluid. These microorganisms can cause diseases in operators and also corrosion of machine components, tools and parts shortening the life of the MWF, due to the loss of its physicochemical properties. The objective of this study was to monitor the microbiological conditions of metal cutting in seven central circulation systems of a metallurgical plant. Monitoring was realized weekly for seven months. The MWF samples were analyzed for concentrations of biocidal actives N-Butyl-1,2-benzisothiazoline-3-one (NBBIT) and 1,2-benzisothiazoline-3-one (BIT) by liquid chromatography and counting of microorganisms by pour plating in specific mediums for total mesophilic aerobic bacteria, yeasts and filamentous fungi. The presence of sulfate reducing bacteria (BRS) was perform at seven weeks intervals. Bacteria and yeasts contaminated all central circulations systems and only one of the central had no BRS presence. The MWF evaluated showed no contamination by filament fungi. The concentrations of biocidal active NBBIT and BIT were below those mentioned in the literature as efficient in the control of contamination. Thus, it was concluded that the analyzed metallurgy is not following the dosage of established biocides active 200 ppm to NBBIT and 2.500 ppm to BIT, this is leading to contaminations that can be harmful to the operators. The suggestion is that the company take preventive action measures, such as weekly monitoring and corrective actions like plant audits to detect and control the microbiological load of the central circulations system.
Entre papéis e bichos: a expertise das ciências biológicas no licenciamento ambiental e na produção científica
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-03-09) Campos, Ana Cecília Oliveira; Vianna, Anna Catarina Morawska; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2245801371286766; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5760944010607913
This is an ethnography of the relationship between practices of biologists who produce scientific research and studies for Environmental Licensing in the state of Mato Grosso. Biologists, the main interlocutors of this research, act as both researchers and specialists whose expertise is triggered in Licensing. The arrangement of this ethnography is based on fieldwork in laboratories and zoological collections, spaces in which the "biotic environment" is constructed. In this context, the practices of the interlocutors are used to describe the relationship between the production of science and the production of bureaucracy. Among biologists, science and bureaucracy appear as dual and opposing, also as in intense interaction. It forms this apparent contradiction with the relationship of biologists with other researchers and experts, also with environmental consulting firms and with government audit bodies. Following the practices that produce the biotic medium in licensing explicit: a) a narrative about licensing in which they themselves and other experts do not occupy a pre-defined role; one that is composed insofar as they are located more for the interests of the animals or the enterprise; b) the licensing as driven by questions for which the answers are pre-established and cooperate with the interest of the enterprise; c) how science production, which allows them to know animals and ecological interactions, is seen as a political strategy for the action of biologists. In this ethnographic experiment, an image is formed that is a non-static and non-totalizing arrangement of practices that make up the biotic environment and that gain effects beyond the margins of the papers.
Operadores de Calderón-Zygmund, pseudo-diferenciais e espaços de Hardy
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-03-09) Vasconcelos Filho, Claudio Henrique Machado; Picon, Tiago Henrique; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7853908129934448; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8081988599194533
The purpose of this work is to study the Hardy spaces Hp(Rn) on euclidean spaces and your localized version, known as hp(Rn). As an application of this theory, we are going to show that Calderón-Zygmund and pseudo-differential operators are bounded in Hp(Rn) and hp(Rn), respectively.
Narrativas de bloqueio à criminalização da violência contra LGBTIs no Brasil: estudo de caso sobre uma omissão legislativa
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-03-09) De Vitto, Victor Augusto Nunes; Capella, Ana Cláudia Niedhardt; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5810332148425938; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1211649030006876
This dissertation aims to analyze the trajectory of the discussions about an anti discrimination law that wanted to include the violence motivated by sexual orientation and gender identity, debates held in the brazilian Congress between 2001 and 2014 within the framework of the process of the bill number 5003 of 2001 and the bill of the Chamber number 122 of 2006, respectively, that intended to amendment to law nº 7716/1989 to equate violence against LGBTIs as a racist hate crime. The main effort of case study was to analyze how the blocking of a political discussion on the historical claim of social movements composed by asexuals, lesbians, gays, bisexuals, transvestites, transsexuals, transgender, intersexuals, queers, pansexuals occurred from the construction of narratives formulated by political actors opposed to the initiative and who mischaracterized the content of the bill, publicly challenged it in civil society and the political class and finally stopped this proceedings in parliament. The Multiple Streams Model provided a normative benchmark to understanding the process of withdrawing a public interest issue from the legislative agenda that could represents a change in the course of the decision making process and may have indicated the state of inaction, or non-decision, of the brazilian state, since it occurred despite the growing cases of violence against these social groups registered in the country. By replicating the concepts and approaching the methodology of John Kingdon, this research was possible by interviews with multiple political actors in favor of a protective measure to LGBTI´s community like legislators, social movement actors and civil society.
Mídium e gestão dos espaços canônico e associado nas plataformas colaborativas Wattpad e Widbook
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-03-09) Chieregatti, Amanda Aparecida; Salgado, Luciana Salazar; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5206927424265495; https://lattes.cnpq.br/560573699907859
This study aims to understand the functioning of authorship in collaborative platforms, using the theoretical and methodological model proposed by Maingueneau (2012), with the notion of creator paratopia. This theory is used to indicate paradoxical belonging to the literary institution, which is understood in its inextricable relation with enunciative devices that make authorship possible. We analyzed Wattpad and Widbook, two collaborative platforms of self-publishing, which work as a shop window to user-authors (which we'll call scribes in this dissertation) to attract conventional publishers and give more credibility and legitimacy to authorship work. In a period in which the number of new reading practices is growing more and more because of new technologies, the printed book still seems to be responsible for giving a status of writer and work. We try to understand the medium influence (DEBRAY, 1991; MAINGUENEAU, 2012) in the way texts posted on these collaborative platforms are received and how medium affects scribes’ works, whose texts receive a nonprofessional editorial mediation by users of these platforms, called adjuvant scribes - user-readers that comment, make questions and suggestions, and therefore, exercise power over authoring production. With this study, we intend to understand how authorship management works in collaborative platforms, observing the interlacing of the creator paratopia instances - the person, writer and inscriber, as well as the management of canonic space and associate space, as these platforms force user-authors to be responsible for managing their production and what is said about it.
Estudo taxonômico das espécies do gênero Hypostomus Lacépède, 1803 (Siluriformes, Loricariidae) de rios do leste do Brasil
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-03-09) Perez, Camila Fernanda; Garavello, Júlio César; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2778105126670170; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3455887804398567
The most diverse fish fauna of the world is found in freshwater systems of the Neotropical region. Loricariidae is the richest endemic family of the order Siluriformes in South America and the genus Hypostomus belonging to this family is one of the most notable in function of richness and ambiguous taxonomy. Although studies concerning to genus Hypostomus have been presented, some gaps still remain in the taxonomic studies of this genus mainly in the Eastern Brazilian Basins. Thus, this study has as objective to realize a taxonomic study of the species of the genus Hypostomus Lacépède, 1803, from the basins of rivers, Doce, Jequitinhonha, Mucuri and Paraíba do Sul, which are part of the eastern Brazilian basins. We studied specimens of Hypostomus from those basins, in comparison with material from the adjacent rivers Tietê, São Francisco, São Mateus and other small coastal basins. The studied morphological characters include 12 meristic characters and 24 body measurements. Measurements were analyzed in form of body proportions, and measurements of widely distributed species were evaluated through analysis of canonical discriminant. At the studied basins, four species of the genus Hypostomus were found. Hypostomus affinis (Steindachner, 1876) and Hypostomus auroguttatus Kner, 1854 were identified in the Doce, Mucuri and Paraíba do Sul rivers, showing morphological and morphometric variations among the populations from these basins. Hypostomus nigrolineatus Zawadzki; Carvalho; Birindelli & Azevedo, 2016 and Hypostomus sp. were identified from the Jequitinhonha river basin. The morphological and morphometric variations observed along the distribution of the different species are discussed in relation to the isolation and geography of the drainage. Considering the difficulty of species identification, hard taxonomic problems and scarce data from the original descriptions, comments on the taxonomy of the species in the studied basins are presented.
Efeito de nanopartículas de óxido de zinco e do sulfato de zinco no cladócero tropical Ceriodaphnia Silvestrii
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-03-09) Souza, Helena da Silva Viana de; Souza, Jaqueline Pérola de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2320506014760329; Melão, Maria da Graça Gama; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8342306603661310; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5974701821362643
Zinc is an essential metal for living beings, but can become toxic at high concentrations. Currently, zinc has been used in the industrial production of nanoparticles (NPs), which have been calling attention in the nanotechnological scenario due to their large use in personal hygiene products, cosmetics, paints, fabrics, biosensors and in diagnosis and therapy of several types of cancer. However, the production of NPs on a large scale has raised concerns about the disposal of these nanomaterials in aquatic ecosystems and the consequences for the biota. The objective of this study was to compare the effects of two zinc compounds, zinc oxide nanoparticles (NP-ZnO) and zinc sulfate (ZnSO4), on the tropical cladoceran Ceriodaphnia silvestrii, in order to identify the possible effects on the effective concentration (CE50) in acute exposure tests, and in growth and reproduction in chronic exposure tests, as well as to distinguish whether the main cause of the potential toxicity of NPs is due to the release of zinc ions or their intrinsic properties. Acute tests (control; 0.1; 0.2; 0.3; 0.4; 0.5 and 1.0 mg L-1 for NP-ZnO and control 0.032; 0.1; 1.04 and 3.35 mg L-1 for ZnSO4) lasted 48 hours and the chronic ones (control; 0.006; 0.0125; 0.025; 0.05 and 0.1 mg L-1 for NP-ZnO and control; 0.006; 0.01; 0.02; 0.04 and 0.09 mg L-1 for ZnSO4), 8 days. The EC50-48h for NP-ZnO was 0.35 mg L-1, while the EC50-48h for ZnSO4 was 0.92 mg L-1. In the chronic tests, there was a significant reduction of the mean body size of 11.3% in the treatment of 0.1 mg L-1 of NP-ZnO and 10% in the treatment of 0.01 mg L-1 of ZnSO4; reduction in the mean number of accumulated eggs and neonates produced per female of 53.9% and 72.5% for NP-ZnO, and 55% and 50% for ZnSO4, respectively. Effects of bioaccumulation and absence of egg hatching (abortion) on the highest concentrations evaluated for NP-ZnO were also observed. Our results showed acute and chronic toxic effects by exposure of C. silvestrii to NP-ZnO and ZnSO4. Chronic exposure affected microcrustacean growth and reproduction parameters at concentrations of 0.006 mg L-1 for both substances, with toxicity coming from both free metal ions and the properties of NPs. Therefore, the present work can subsidize studies and regulations aimed at the management and disposal of NP-ZnO and ZnSO4 in freshwater environments.
Acúmulo, elutriação e recuperação do produto na secagem de pasta em leito de jorro
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-03-09) Barros, João Pedro Alves de Azevedo; Freire, José Teixeira; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2270677706718167; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9478039068045142
One of the equipment that has been highlighting mainly in the drying of pastes and solutions is the spouted bed. In this type of equipment some factors that can make it impossible to use are operational problems caused by the process of agglomeration and accumulation of material inside the bed. In this way, the main objective of this work was to quantify the percentage of mass accumulated in the bed (Ac), recovered in the cyclone (R) and elutriated to the filter (E). As a secondary objective, we investigated the effect of the addition of the filter on the drop in pressure in the bed and identified how the powder granulometry modifies as a function of the process operating conditions. In order to reach the proposed objectives, drying experiments were carried out in a conventional spouted bed, and the paste feed was made with calcium carbonate suspension (5%).Changing the operating conditions of the paste feed flow (10, 20 or 30 mL.min-1) and air temperature (80, 90 or 100ºC), data were collected to perform a global mass balance in the drying. Initial results showed that the use of the filter in the drying system did not lead to significant changes in the characteristic curve of the spouted bed, but caused an increase in the initial and in the course of the process. For paste drying it was evident that the increase in paste feed flow resulted in increased bed instability, with the maximum capacity reached 30 mL.min-1, being able to operate at 90 and 100ºC. But it was surpassed to 80ºC due to the low recovery of product in the cyclone, high humidity of the product and great variation in the obtained data. The accumulated material was around 23 to 34% and the elutriate presented values between 2 to 8%, while the recovered product was 11 to 53%. The proposed experimental design (FCC) showed that both the incoming air temperature and the paste feed flow directly influenced the process, but only for the accumulation was the temperature significant. The results showed that the increase in paste feed flow has a negative effect on R (%) and E (%), while the increase in temperature had a positive effect. The grain size of the powder was strongly influenced by the paste flow, increasing the particle size with the increase of the paste feed flow, covering sizes throughout the analyzed range (0.05 to 550 μm). As expected, larger particles were accumulated in the bed, the intermediate recovered in the cyclone and the smaller ones retained in the filter. With the results of this work it was possible to have a better understanding of the drying in the spouted bed, both for the efficiency and losses of the process, and for the granulometry of the product that changes with the agglomeration process.
Physiological and biochemical responses of Scenedesmus quadricauda exposed to copper ions
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-03-09) Silva, Jaqueline Carmo da; Lombardi, Ana Teresa; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6737850858443813; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7039615915524889
Copper is an important metal for industry, and its threshold in natural ecosystems has increased since the industrial revolution. As a micronutrient, it is required in minute amounts (~10-8 molL-1 Cu2+ ions), but can be toxic in concentrations above that, causing great biochemical transformations in microalgae. This study aimed at investigating the physiology of Scenedesmus quadricauda, a cosmopolitan species, exposed to copper concentrations including those that trigger intracellular biochemical modifications. It was divided in two parts, one to investigate the general physiology of the microalgae and the other to investigate the photosynthetic process. Copper concentrations ranged from 0.1 to 25 µM, thus including environmentally important levels. Microalgae cultures were kept under controlled environmental conditions and monitored daily for cell density, in vivo chlorophyll a, and photosynthetic quantum yield (ΦM). After 96 h Cu exposure, cellular Cu concentration, total carbohydrates, proteins and lipids were determined. The results showed that cellular copper and chlorophyll a per cell increased proportionally to Cu concentration in the culture medium and that microalgae cell density was mostly affected at 2.5 µM Cu and above. Approximately 31% decrease in quantum yield was obtained at the highest Cu concentration (25 µM) in comparison with the control, but at a concentration 10 times lower (2.5 µM Cu), the highest biomolecule yield was obtained for carbohydrates and proteins, but not for lipids. Results of the second part showed that the photosynthetic parameters, chlorophyll per cell volume, and viability decreased as a function of the copper added, whereas biovolume and chlorophyll a per cell increased. The present results suggest that at the range of Cu concentration tested, copper inhibited S. quadricauda cell division and significantly affected the photosynthetic process. This study is a contribution to the understanding of the effects of environmentally significant copper concentrations in the physiology of S. quadricauda.
Inserção laboral das pessoas com deficiência no Sistema S da cidade de São Carlos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-03-09) Santos, Allyne Cristina dos; Costa, Maria da Piedade Resende da; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2791098416503955; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2726882629744023
Since 1950 people with disabilities have been inserted into the labor market. From that decade, much was done for the inclusion of these people, laws were created so that their rights could be guaranteed. So that the companies these laws will be fulfilled only to avoid penalties provided for failure to comply with them. In fact, the work of the disabled person must be achieved by their own commitment and conceived by society, by the competence and not because the legislation has preserved it in a charitable way, a percentage of vacancies, which contributes to the spread of stigma. In accordance with the above, the following questions arose: How was the insertion of people with disabilities into the labor market? What are the working conditions of these people? What are the reasons for hiring disabled workers? The present study aimed to analyze how people with disabilities were inserted in the professional environment, as workers, in the institutions of System S in the city of São Carlos. This research has a qualitative and descriptive character, in the case study modality and was developed in the institutions of System S of the city of São Carlos. The sample was composed of 12 employees with disabilities and 2 responsible for the institutions of System S. The data was processed through Content Analysis. The results obtained by the study, we can understand that the employees with deficiency inserted in the institutions of System S are, for the most part, satisfied with the working conditions. Regarding these institutions, there is a concern to provide adequate conditions for employees with disabilities to perform their work adequately, valuing their capabilities and potential.
Planejamento temático baseado em tarefas no ensino de inglês para crianças: percurso reflexivo e analítico de uma professora
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-03-09) Périco, Ana Gabriela; Barbirato, Rita de Cassia; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6962819573963727; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4415158893605164
This work aims at designing, implementing, and analysing a thematic task-based material for a first grade group of kids from a public school. It was used in 2016 and its theme is Fairy Tales. It covers three stories: Puss in boots, Jack and the beanstalk and The story of the three little pigs. The material is predominantly made of tasks, but there are some ludic activities involving cutting and sticking, finger puppets and bean planting. Most of the tasks are one-way tasks (ELLIS, 2003), which were very suitable for the still egocentric behaviour of the students, aged between 6 and 7. Most of them were also closed tasks (ELLIS, 2003), which suited well to the beginners’ level, due to its highest necessity of management. The tasks were designed according to the principles of the Theme-Based Language Instruction, inserted in the Content-Based Instruction (CBI), Prabhu’s (1987) Task-Based Language Teaching (TBLT) and some Willis and Willis’s (2007) tasks. The junction of Theme-Based Instruction and Task-Based Language Teaching has originated the Thematic Task-Based Syllabus (TTBS). The methodology is qualitative-interpretive and inserted in an ethnographic groundwork (MOITA LOPES, 1996). The data were collected with the teacher-researcher’s journal, two questionnaires, an interview with the official English teacher, students’ drawings and video recordings. Two new tasks were identified: pictorial tasks and survey tasks. Both have suited the group very appropriately, making them use the foreign language interactively and in a ludic way. Results show a production of short and small speech turns in the target language, as well as the TTBS being responsible for a less automatic and a more comprehensive learning.
Análise da função cardíaca de girinos de rã-touro, Lithobathes catesbeianus, expostos a piretrina, associada ou não a nanopartículas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-03-09) Garcia, Thais Deluno; Fraceto, Leonardo Fernandes; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4741480538883395; Costa, Monica Jones ; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0578970203313985; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0003077893435384
The increasing use of agrochemicals has been causing several environmental disturbances. As a result, botanical insecticides, such as pyrethrum (PYR), have been created because they are considered biodegradable and less toxic to non-target organisms. Indeed, the modified release of these biocides through systems carriers, for example nanoparticles, is another theoretically less harmful. To test the hypothesis that PIR, when associated to solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) becomes less toxic to bullfrog tadpoles (Lithobates catesbeianus), the in situ heart rate (ƒH - bpm), activity level (AL -% of total animals), relative ventricular mass (RMV -% body mass), diameter of cardiac myofibrils, in addition to the genotoxicity analysis by means of the micronucleus test and other cellular abnormalities and the evaluation of possible alterations of the cutaneous and internal pigmentation of the heart were analyzed in response to PIR and SLN isolated or in association. The determination of the LC50 48h for the pyrethrum was previously performed and, thereafter, a sublethal concentration corresponding to 1/5 of the LC50 of 400 μg.L-1 (80 μg.L-1) was used. The SLN used in the present study had an average size of 324 nm when isolated and 258 nm when associated (NLS + PIR), with a polydispersity index of 0.19 for NLS and 0.11 for SLN + PIR and potential zeta of -11 mV for SLN and -10 mV for SLN + PIR. No changes in ƒH and RVM (P> 0.05), indicating that these biomarkers are not sensitive enough to respond to the sublethal concentration used, in addition to the short exposure period (48h). However, the diameter of the myofibrils of the group SLN alone was lower (P = 0.0104) than that of the control (CT), there was also a difference between PIR and NLS (P = 0.0146). Thus, despite the subcellular changes in cardiomyocytes (decrease in myofibrils’ diameter), they did not result in cardiac atrophy (MVR). The AL of PIR group (12.5 ± 4.1%) was lower (P = 0.0350) than that observed for CT (38.5 ± 8.8%). This lethargy corroborates the neurotoxicity of PIR already reported for other species and its reversal when the PIR was associated with the SLN indicates a protective effect of the SLN for this biomarker. An increase in the number of micronucleated erythrocytes for the SLN (P = 0.0001) and SLN + PIR (P = 0.001) compared to CT was observed, and there was also a difference between PIR and SLN (P = 0.0332). It was also observed an increase in the occurrence of binucleated erythrocytes (P = 0.0452) for SLN in relation to CT. Therefore, SLN when isolated showed genotoxic effects, but when associated to PIR (SLN + PIR) its toxic effects were less drastic. Exposure to all groups increased tadpoles’ skin pigmentation, pointing this biomarker as the one of greater ecological relevance, since it is not necessary to euthanize organisms. This response seems to exert a protective effect on the internal organs, since the pigmentation of the heart did not increase in the SLN or in SLN + PIR in relation to CT. These results indicate that while some biomarkers are irresponsive to PIR or SLN, others are particularly negatively impacted by PIR isolated that, when associated with SLNs has its deleterious effects diminished or reversed, the inverse also being true. These results highlight the need to use a wide range of biomarkers at different levels of organization (from the subcellular to the individual) to have a more accurate view of the effect of xenobiotics on non-target organisms and the possible role played by nanoparticles.