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Avaliação da toxicidade de metais e pesticidas, isolados e em mistura, sobre duas espécies de oligochaeta nativos neotropicais
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-03-13)
Gazonato Neto, Antonio José
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Rocha, Odete
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7577441794992601
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3041116709225106
It is recognized the need of using native species as test organisms in toxicity studies in order to adequately reflect the typical properties of tropical systems and impacts as those of toxic or contaminating agents acting not only in isolation, but also in mixtures that depict the conditions found in ecosystems, this study aimed to test the suitability of two native species of invertebrates as test organisms in the determination of metals and pesticides toxicity. Acute and chronic toxicity tests were performed with the native species Dero furcatus and Allonais inaequalis (Oligochaeta, Naididae) under short and long term exposure to metals and pesticides with high frequency of occurrence in Brazilian aquatic systems. Among tested metals, cadmium, mercury and copper stand out for their high toxicity and wide use in industrial processes, as well as their high bioaccumulation power along the trophic chain. Even metals such as manganese, although with low toxicity, can cause long-term damage on aquatic biota, especially in mixtures with potential synergism. The pesticides carbofuran and diuron, compounds, widely used in Brazilian agricultural systems, were tested. The 96h LC50 of cadmium chloride was 627 μg L-1 and 364 μg L-1 for A. inaequalis and D. furcatus, respectively. For mercury chloride, 96h LC50 was 129 μg L-1 for A. inaequalis and 92 μg L-1 for D. furcatus. 96h LC50 for copper sulfate was 25.75 μg L-1 for A. inaequalis and 31.39 μg L-1 for D. furcatus. For manganese sulfate, 96h LC50 was 28155.16 μg L-1 for A. inaequalis and 18250.62 μg L-1 for D. furcatus. The sensitivity of the native species of oligochaetes was superior or similar to that of annelid species used worldwide as test organisms, such as Tubifex tubifex and Lumbriculus variegatus. This demonstrates the advantage of using native tropical species in toxicity assays. Chronic toxicity tests showed that even under very low and environmentally relevant sublethal concentrations, selected metals and pesticides negatively affected important aspects of the life cycle of oligochaetes, such as growth and survival, which in the long run could lead to a reduction in the natural population and consequent local extinction. Mixtures of metals have shown synergism, implying the probability of potentiation of toxic effects when metals occur together in the environment, demonstrating for example that although manganese alone does not present high toxicity, its concomitant natural occurrence and interaction with other metals may increase the toxic effects to greater levels than the simple addition of their isolated effects.
Análise das competências e da complexidade no espaço ocupacional das Funções Gratificadas no IFSP Campus Araraquara
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-03-13)
Minale, Matheus Bossi
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Ubeda, Cristina Lourenço
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6696784421924024
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5395491727138921
The objective of this dissertation is to analyze the competencies and characteristics of the complexity in the occupational space of the Gratified Functions in a public organization of high school, technical, technological and higher education. Being inserted in increasingly complex contexts, public organizations are faced with an increasing need to adapt their people management systems. However, there are still few studies that propose practical solutions to the challenges in the public service. Given this scene, a case study is carried out at the IFSP Campus Araraquara through the correlated analysis of multiple data sources, which are: the systematization of a theoretical reference on competencies and complexity aligned with the context of public administration; the analysis of the routines and of three institutional documents of the organization; and the questionnaires applied to the federal employees that occupy the Gratified Functions object of the study (coordinators) and their respective chiefs (directors). The analysis of the data from the proposed methodology highlights the behavioral competencies as the most important for these functions, also shows that the complexity of the work perceived by the directors is greater than the perceived by the occupants of the functions. Given these facts, the main results of the research at the IFSP Campus Araraquara point out that the work of the Gratified Functions is increasingly linked to the decisions made by its employees, thanks to the importance given to the capacity for relationship, communication and adaptation to change, as well as, that the directions and coordinations must work together in order to align institutional expectations with deliveries in the occupational space. Finally, this research aims to contribute to the proposal of a range of competencies in order to understand the issues and challenges of people management in public organizations.
Stalker, de Andrei Tarkovski - as semelhanças e dessemelhanças com Piquenique à Beira da Estrada, de Arkadi e Boris Strugatski
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-03-13)
Delfini, Paulo Afonso Monteiro
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Monzani, Josette Maria Alves de Souza
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0505156751073470
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2458630862629216
The present dissertation aims to carry out a study on the process of written translation for audiovisual between two languages: Literature and Cinema, with the object of the novel Roadside Picnic (1972) by Brothers Arkadi and Boris Strugatski and their translation to the cinema: the film Stalker (1979) by Andrei Tarkovski. For this, a detailed analysis of both works was established as a procedure, highlighting the similarities and, as an intermediate stage, the script of the film to identify the dissimilarities. The theoretical bias used for this work is based on the studies of Haroldo de Campos on transcription, re-creation and poetic translation, as well as the theories of Julio Plaza on Intersemiotic Translation. We will also work on the film elements approached through cinematographic language to perform analyzes and thus better understand the style and poetic optics of Andrei Tarkovski and his other relations with the narrative of the work. At a last moment the analyzes will have as an intention the understanding of the temporal and spatial construction making a parallel between the narratives of the literary work and the cinematographic work.
Local coercivity for semilinear elliptic problems
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-03-13)
Mendoza Aranda, Jose Miguel
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Arcoya Álvarez, David
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Paiva, Francisco Odair Vieira de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2889322093175193
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8615067875072268
We study a non-homogeneous semilinear eliptic problem with Dirichlet condition baundary in a bounded domain and we show existence of solution. Also extend the result to the fraccionary laplacian case and to the homogeneous case we give a result of multiplicity. And to the perturbated problem we find more solutions than the original problem.
Estudo do potencial eletrostático e da termodinâmica de agregação de surfactantes por simulações de dinâmica molecular
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-03-13)
Bernardino, Kalil
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Moura, André Farias de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0746428641961163
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3821650154644238
Due to the amphiphilic character, the surfactants tend to be adsorbed at the water surface and, in concentrations larger than the critical micellar concentration, they self-assembling in solution with the purpose to reduce the exposed area of the hydrophobic portion to the water. The aggregation thermodynamics of two ionic surfactants (SDS and DTAC) into micelles was studied by means of extensive umbrella sampling simulations with classical force fields and the potential of mean force for the dissociation coordinate was obtained. This methodology was efficient for SDS, which forms more stable micelles, on the other hand, some problems happens for DTAC due to spontaneous dissociations yield inaccuracies in the calculation of the cluster’s center of mass. The potential of mean force obtained for SDS was decomposed by means of the explicit calculation of several enthalpic and entropic components, throughout the dissociation coordinate, in order to explain the driving forces that result in the aggregation free energy. The expansion entropy is given by an analytical expression while the components associated with the orientation of the surfactant in relation to micelle center of mass and the entropy of torsion of dihedrals were calculated by means of probability distributions. Enthalpy and all those entropic components were found to be unfavorable to the aggregation and the driving force for the micelle formation is due to the so-called hydrophobic effect, for the analysis of which a new methodology is proposed, where its contribution is calculated through the entropy variation of the hydrogen bonds in the first two solvation shells of the surfactant in comparison to the same in pure water. In order to obtain the contribution of the hydrophobic effect, was defined the number of variables needed to fully specify a water dimer close to a reference site of the solute and the probability distribution was calculated for each one of those variables in both the simulation with the surfactant and in a referential in pure water to determine the entropy variation per hydrogen bond. The product of the entropy variation per bond by the average number of hydrogen bonds in the first two solvation layers of the solute in each point of the reaction coordinate results in its contribution for the potential of mean force. The entropies were calculated considering both the variables as independent as well as introducing correlation effects between them, in the first case the entropy changes were overestimated while in the second one a good agreement was obtained with the aggregation free energy after adding the rest of calculated components. This methodology allows not only to confirm the hypotheses commonly accepted for hydrophobic solvation, but also to explain, at the molecular level, how the reorganization of water take place near the hydrophobic solute and quantifies its contribution to the energy free of aggregation. The electrostatic potential of the SDS micelle in the presence of both saturated and unsaturated interfaces of the same surfactant were calculated also and was observed that the adsorption of the counter-ions depends on the interface geometry, being more favorable at the flat interfaces due to the greater facility to establish ionic bridges.
Habilidades sociais e qualidade de vida de professores do ensino fundamental
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-03-13)
Esteves, Marcela Mangili
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Del Prette, Zilda Aparecida Pereira
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8113238388739093
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6424140616812296
The working conditions of elementary school teachers are known to be of low quality, compromising their physical and mental health and, consequently, their quality of life. One factor that contributes to quality of life is a good repertoire of social skills, which may contribute to more productive and satisfactory interpersonal relationships, including the quality of teacher-student interactions and, thus, to the teaching-learning process. The present study analyzed indicators of quality of life (QOL) and social skills (SS) of teachers, taking into account sociodemographic variables which could moderate this relation. Participants were 85 teachers of 1st to 5th grade students, working in public schools in two cities in the interior of São Paulo, who completed the Social Skills Inventory (IHS-Del-Prette-2016), the Quality of Life Questionnaire (WHOQOL-abbreviated) and two sociodemographic questionnaires (Brazil Socioeconomic Criteria and "Getting to know a little more about you"). Descriptive analyses were performed for the SS and QOL measures as well as inferential analyses of the correlation between these variables, adopting a level of significance of p≤0.05. The results allow us to conclude that there is a positive correlation between SS and QOL, mainly between the SS General Score, Factor 1 (Conversational skills) and Factor 2 (Expression of positive feelings) with the General Score of QOL, Domain 2 (Psychological) and Domain 4 (Environment). The main changes that accented after controlling the variables age, training, experience as a teacher and socioeconomic class were the increase in the correlations of Factor 1 (Conversational skills) with the General Score QOL, as well as with Domain 4 (Environment). In addition, Factor 1 (Conversational skills) began to correlate with Domain 1 (Physical). On the other hand, Factor 2 (Expression of positive feelings) no longer correlated with any other variable of QOL, after controlling to socioeconomic class and age and, no longer had a significant correlation with Domains 1 (Physical) and 4 (Environment). The variables "number of students per classroom" and "workload" did not moderate the relationship between SS and QOL. It can be concluded that there is a relation between HS and QV of primary school teachers and that some sociodemographic variables may be moderators of this relationship, while others do not. Implications for future research based on results are discussed.
Práticas de letramento na Terra Indígena de Dourados/MS: um olhar sobre a circulação dos discursos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-03-13)
Stefanello, Paulo Gerson Rodrigues
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Martins, Maria Sílvia Cintra
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9241992645160356
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5997812988001267
The appropriation of written language as a communication technology, especially when referring to intercultural dialogue involving indigenous people, is a phenomenon that has consolidated throughout the social and historical processes in Brazilian reality. For the purposes of cultural preservation and maintenance, the writing ability showed to be essential for many traditional people who found themselves politically, geographically and culturally inserted in the surrounding society, but who became socially underrepresented. In this context, I situate this thesis in the context of the Indigenous Reserve Francisco Horta Barbosa, in Dourados/MS, in the Brazilian Midwest region, where the non-governmental organization Ação de Jovens Indígenas (AJI) takes place, and which I understand as an agency of literacy (STREET, 1984, 2006; HEATH, 1983; KLEIMAN, 1995; KLEIMAN and ASSIS, 2016) and of translation (LOTMAN, 1996, 1998), that promotes a series of social practices among young people of the local ethnic groups Guarani and Terena. In addition to mastering written language, this group had to master the technology-related knowledge required for the construction and maintenance of a website that, among other functions, serves as a bridge to contact with other societies through the internet, making it possible to outsource their way of life and the facts linked to it. The virtual environment in question is taken in this work as a cultural artifact (BARTLETT, 2007) composed of several texts which can, through the postulates of the Critical Discourse Analysis (FAIRCLOUGH, 2016) and, in parallel with the indicial paradigm (GINZBURG, 1989), help to understand how the semiotic system of the cultural dialogue is, by admitting, considering, the semiosphere theory (LOTMAN, 1996, 1998, MACHADO, 2003, 2007) and its translational character. Thus, the analysis of some materials produced by the AJI and made available in its website denotes the central aim of this research, which is to understand its circulation from the discoursive and social practices, adopting an interdisciplinary theoreticalmethodological course, guided with inscription in the Applied Linguistics.
O uso público nos parques urbanos e parques naturais de Sorocaba/SP
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-03-14)
Kachinski, Kleber Vinícius Barros
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Santos, Maria Helena dos
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3419477918842537
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Leite, Eliana Cardoso
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2186623269243747
Permanently discussed, the theme environment and nature becomes current in our society. Nowadays as great importance because it has a deep relationship with spheres of action and human interest, such as, work, education, leisure, etc. The topic brings values to all society as well it is influenced by the ruling social, economic and political structure. Environmental conservation and assure its use by the population is a central element to construction programs for the public use of urban parks and natural parks. It is essential to consider local characteristics while ensuring access to non-formal education programs based on culture and leisure practices. In order to collaborate for the discussion in areas related to the parks, the present work target to verify the appropriation of the public spaces in these areas by the population of Sorocaba and, as well as the policy of recreational activities, and the distribution of these areas in the city of Sorocaba. As a methodology, the study was developed through a combination of bibliographical, documentary and field research. As an instrument of data collection, direct observation in 8 city parks (4 delimited - fenced and 4 without physical delimitation - not fenced), with the use of field diaries and semi-structured interviews with visitors. The collected achieved some points like, of safety, the lack of activity policy, followed by improvements in infrastructure and environmental landscaping. There are parks in worse conditions that end up being underutilized and small frequency to the detriment of better-located parks and higher level of income around these parks receive more activities from public power and private initiative, visitors tend to be frequent in use, highlighting activities are more diversified. Although the high number of parks created, it is strongly necessary to rescue an intersectoral public policy, prioritizing environmental education, culture and leisure in the green areas of Sorocaba.
Investigação de julgamentos metacognitivos de informantes múltiplos sobre o desempenho de idosos em tarefas de memória
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-03-14)
Gonçalves, Maria Clara Miceli
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Schelini, Patrícia Waltz
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6185333517392859
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2502074000014289
This study aims to investigate metacognitive monitoring, laying emphasis on the metamemory of the elderly, through the analysis of relationships between performance estimated by them and their actual performance in standardized tasks that evaluate the operational memory; as well as to verify the relationship of the judgments of people close to the elderly regarding the performance demonstrated by them in the standardized tasks and the actual performance of the elderly in these tasks. The participants were 30 elderly people, both genders, aged between 65 and 90 years, and a person close to each one of them, totaling 60 participants. The subtests Arithmetic, Digits and Sequences of Numbers and Letters of the WAIS-III were introduced to the elderly along with a sheet with questions about their judgment of whether the items were correct. The Senior Metacognition Scale (EMETA-S) for evaluation of metacognitive abilities and the Mental State Mini-Exam (MMSE) as a means of indicating signs of dementia were also applied. To verify the judgments of people close to the elderly regarding the performance demonstrated by them in the standardized tasks, a scale composed of 23 questions was used that mention day-to-day situations related to short-term memory capacity and working memory, which were evaluated by subtests. The results of the subtests were correlated to a score obtained by the elderly in the EMETA-S and the answers related to the judgments of the elderly and the people close to the performance of the elderly in the three subtests. Strong and significant correlations were found at 0.01 between the judgments and the actual performance for the three subtests (Arithmetic r = 0.80, Digits, r = 0.66 and Sequence of Numbers and Letters r = 0.77) and moderate correlations and significant at 0.01 between judgments of close people and actual performance of the elderly in the WAIS-III subtests (Arithmetic r = 0.49, Digits r = 0.41, Sequence of Numbers and Letters r = 0.49). The results indicate that the elderly, caregivers and family members may be judging adequately the performance of memory tasks. Participants with more than 8 years of study tended to estimate their results more accurately compared to participants with less than 8 years of schooling. On the other hand, no significant differences were found in the age-group variable.
Os efeitos do aumento gradual da exposição a um ruído e do tempo de atraso em respostas autocontroladas e impulsivas em um esquema de escolhas concorrentes
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-03-14)
Santos, Samara Fernanda dos
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Goyos, Antônio Celso de Noronha
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3407008711535651
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5687768630234438
In a context of competing choices, in which one choice leads to a minor and immediate consequence, and another that leads to a greater but delayed consequence, the choice for the first can be called an impulsive choice, and the choice of the latter can be called self-controlled. Many studies have been carried out in order to specify the variables that make it more or less probable to choose between one alternative and another. However, some variables have been analyzed less frequently, such as aversive events. In the present work, the objective was to verify the effect of the gradual increase to the exposure to a noise and the increase of the delay time on answers in a scheme of competing choices. Five adult subjects of both genders participated in the study. Participants were exposed to an ABAB reversal design. The experimental task in a concurrent scheme, which presented two stimuli simultaneously to the participant, in which the choice in one of them was followed by a greater and delayed consequence (larger amount of hypothetical money), and the choice in the other was followed by a minor consequence and immediate (smaller amount of hypothetical money). There were four experimental conditions: baseline with gradual increase in delay time; noise; baseline with stabilized delay time; noise. Under these conditions the manipulated variables were the increase of the delay time and the increase of the time of exposure to the noise. The results showed that for the participants who reached criterion in the first condition, the manipulated aversive variable produced the expected effect, that is, the reversion of preference. For the other participants, the results were not conclusive, since not all reached criteria for the other conditions. Some aspects may have contributed to this result, for example, the sound properties of the selected noise, the use of the same noise for all the participants, the disproportion between time of delay and amount to be obtained, among others. Future studies need to establish more effective procedures to achieve more precise stability criteria that allow all participants to be exposed to all conditions.
Estudo cinético da hidrólise de xilooligômeros por xilanases e beta-xilosidase na forma livre e imobilizada
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-03-15)
Baldez, Thaís Oliveira
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Giordano, Raquel de Lima Camargo
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9695542424889786
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1122079311753828
This work aims to contribute to the development of the ethanol production process from xylooligomers (XO) extracted from sugarcane bagasse hemicellulose through the hydrolysis of XO to xylose, xylose isomerization catalyzed by xyloseisomerase (XI) and fermentation of the isomer to ethanol by Sacharomyces cerevisiae (Sc). All reactions will occur within a biocatalyst where the enzymes, previously immobilized covalently in other carriers, will be co-immobilized with the yeast in calcium alginate. The efficiency of this process for the production of ethanol has already been demonstrated by DEQ/UFSCar researchers, with an patent application request. The focus of this work is on the hydrolysis stage of XO to xylose, by the actions of endo / exoxylanases, β-xylosidase and auxiliary enzymes (Xyl). The objective of this work was to study different enzymatic cocktails in order to select and characterize the most suitable for the complete hydrolysis of xylooligomers/xylan in xylose. To facilitate this search, it was also necessary to develop a substrate that would allow efficient study of the action of endoxylanases. A xylan with the same commercial performance was then produced and extracted from the bleached eucalyptus pulp (holocellulose). The kinetic study was caried with the enzymes: Multifect A03139 (XAS-2) and Accellerase A03304 (XAS-3), two commercial complexes containing xylanases, auxiliary enzymes and β-xylosidase; a recombinant endo-xylanase from Bacillus subtilis (Verdartis) (XAS-1) and a recombinant in-house produced β-xylosidase (XAS-4). The latter two were also studied in the immobilized form XASI-1 and XASPI-4. The influence of enzyme concentration, temperature, pH and substrate concentration on xylan hydrolysis were evaluated. In addition, the thermal stability of each enzyme was assessed at temperatures of 32 (SHIF process) and 50 ° C. Kinetic models were fitted with initial velocity profiles data to estimate the kinetic parameters of the reactions. The inhibition effect caused by xylose and xylose / xylulose concentrations combined in β-xylosidases was also evaluated. For β-xylosidase (XASPI-4), it was possible to adjust a competitive inhibition model with two inhibitors. The long-term enzymatic hydrolysis assays were carried out with all the enzymes isolated and some combined, to evaluate the production profile of xylooligosaccharides, both at 50 ºC and 32 ºC. The hydrolysis with XAS-1 and XASP-4 combined obtained promising results, since it is possible to observe an increase of the conversion profile and the xylose production after 48 h of reaction. Tests were also carried out at 32ºC with liquors obtained from hydrothermal and alkaline pre-treatments of sugarcane bagasse. The obtained results allow a greater comprehension of each enzymes characteristics, assisting the preparation of an efficient enzymes cocktail to completely convert xylan to xylose.
Práticas de medição de desempenho em ouvidorias públicas das Instituições Federais de Ensino Superior
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-03-15)
Silva, Josiane de Fátima Rosa da
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Mendes, Glauco Henrique de Sousa
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7564259060572565
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5619177438258727
Public ombudsmen are instances of participation and social control that have gained space within public institutions since the 1980s, with the return of democracy and as a form of popular expression. Its action should be directed at meeting citizens' manifestations (suggestions, praises, requests, complaints and denunciations) and assisting public institutions to improve the provision of public services. Normative Instruction OGU No. 01, dated 2014, regulates the performance of public ombudsmen, reinforces the need for public ombudsmen to produce and provide information on the activities they carry out and make them available through management reports, and it is interesting to adopt performance indicators for this activity, as pointed out by Law 13.460 / 2017. Therefore, it is important to observe the performance measurement practices adopted by the public ombudsmen of the Federal Institutions of Higher Education (IFES). To do so, the research method adopted was a field survey (survey) conducted in the public ombudsmen of the IFES. The results show that the use of such performance measurement practices is still incipient since only 27 of the 60 participating ombudsmen use performance indicators and develop performance measurement practices. However, it is observed that the adoption of these practices contributes to the improvement of the public management and to the control and social participation in the IFES.
A expansão do Instituto Federal de São Paulo: análise dos indicadores de desempenho
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-03-15)
Oliveira, José Ricardo Moraes de
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Lizarelli, Fabiane Letícia
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4525431419326559
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7620705144995423
The purpose of this study is to evaluate the impact of the expansion of the Federal Institute of São Paulo - IFSP, in each of its three phases, on the professional education performance indicators required by the Federal Audit Court (TCU) to evaluate the efficiency, effectiveness and economy of the Federal Institutions of Vocational and Technological Education. It is an exploratory and descriptive research, taking as sources the Management Reports published by the IFSP in the period between 2001 and 2004, called "pre-expansion" and from 2005 to 2016, period of expansion, focusing on the collection and analysis of data referring to the 12 performance indicators of the 31 campuses in operation during this period. As a result of the research, it was concluded that the expansion of the vacancies offered a strong impact, with a decrease in the candidate / vacancy ratio and an increase in the admission / enrollment ratio, which adhesion of the Federal Institute of São Paulo to the Unified Selection System (SiSU) as a process for selecting higher education courses and consolidating the new campuses. The dimension of efficiency and effectiveness was directly influenced by the expansion process due to the number of students entering the new courses implanted in the new campuses to be much higher than the number of students who finished their courses, together with the influence of the high rates of retention of the school flow. The trend of improvement of results in this dimension is driven by pedagogical support actions. In the dimension of adequacy of the teaching workforce, the ratio between the number of students and full-time teachers has been maintained with an average of around 17 students per teacher and the titration index of the teaching staff has increased as new contracted professors already have master's and doctorate degrees and those who are already part of the board receive institutional incentives and their own career to pursue higher degrees of qualification. With regard to the adequacy of the budget, the personnel expenditure indicator remains the same, even as the proportion of investment spending increases during the most acute period of expansion, as the largest share in relation to total expenditures. The social inclusion dimension demonstrates the service to a low income population, providing an expectation of improvement of this condition through professional education for an average of 30% of the student body, through a policy of assistance to the student, allied to actions of socio-pedagogical monitoring.
Ecologia de comunidades de aves associadas a plantações de arroz irrigado em Santa Catarina, Brasil
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-03-15)
Melo, Daniela de Carvalho
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Branco, Joaquim Olinto
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3241905846920207
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8773375980859715
The southern region of Brazil presents more than 90% of its wetlands altered in rice plantations. This cultivation is developed in regions of fertile and flooded lands, with organic or inorganic management, acting as substitute natural areas for several groups of birds and arthropods, also associated with each other. Due to the lack of information on the subject in the country, this study analyzed and related communities of birds and arthropods that use inorganic management during a planting cycle between July 2015 and June 2016 in the municipalities of Itajaí, Garuva and Araranguá, SC, Brazil, also observing their association with environmental variables. Birds were recorded monthly in linear transects in each locality and arthropods and environmental variables were collected. Average abundance, relative abundance, relative frequency of occurrence and the indexes of similarity, diversity and equitability were calculated. Comparative analyzes between the municipalities were performed through the ANOVA, Kruskall-Wallis, ANOSIM and RDA Tests. Birds of 107 species were registered, with resident and occasional majority, as well as vulnerable taxa, migratory species of the Northern Hemisphere and new records for the state. In general, species richness and abundance were higher at the beginning and the end of the cycle, but there were no significant differences between areas due to the common presence of a few dominant taxa. The Araranguá crops had the lowest richness and diversity, possibly due to the shorter rice cycle, which offers niches for a shorter period of time. A total of 68 families of arthropods were collected, with richness and abundance equally related to the cycle. The RDAs among birds, arthropods and environmental variables presented high explanability values, evidencing their association in these environments. It is concluded that the state's rice fields offer varied resources throughout the year, harboring distinct groups of birds and arthropods, and are therefore important for the conservation of species associated with crops. In Araranguá an organic crop was studied and compared to one of the inorganic crops of the same municipality. The same comparative analyzes were employed. There were 61 bird species and 53 arthropod families. Through the comparisons, it was verified that richness, abundance, diversity and equitability of the organic cultivation were higher, as well as more exclusive and migratory species and one of high sensitivity were registered. It is concluded that the state's rice fields offer varied resources throughout the year, harboring distinct groups of birds and arthropods, and are therefore important for the conservation of species associated with crops, especially organic farming, which has proved to be more sustainable and less impactant on biodiversity.
A resistência em Clarice Lispector: uma aprendizagem
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-03-15)
Ferreira, Bianca Pulgrossi
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Pellegrini, Tânia
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0280434883580627
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/6552520757957773
The object of study of this work is the novel An Apprenticeship or The Book of Delights, published in 1969, by the writer Clarice Lispector. The main objective is to show that this novel can be considered a “resistance narrative”, according to Alfredo Bosi (2002). For that, we present a study of part of the critical fortune of the author, followed by a reflection on the concept of “resistance” and its connection with the historical context of the military regime of 1964. Finally, we are going to use these elements to compose a final analysis, showing that resistance operates in the novel through ironic and parodistic elements destabilizing norms, values and interpersonal and social conditioning, intensified in the period in question and aimed at destabilizing its reception. Thus, we intend to present a new reading perspective on the novel, which emphasizes its social-political character, in order to position the writer as a critic of her time.
Revolução burguesa e ensino profissional: o protagonismo da Comissão Brasileiro-Americana de Educação Industrial (1946-1961)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-03-15)
Bordignon, Talita Francieli
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Ferreira Junior, Amarilio
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0748545841167046
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0559543214040895
The present thesis aims to analyze the protagonism of the Brazilian-American Commission for Industrial Education (CBAI – Comissão Brasileiro Americana de Educação Industrial) in the substitution of imports in Brazil and the actions to promote bourgeois hegemony through industrial technical schools. The objects of analysis are the CBAI Bulletins, monthly periodicals published by the commission between 1947 and 1961. The historical development of the Brazilian society shows that the patrimonialism explains the interpermeation between the public and private spheres, where it is difficult to identify the subjects who compose the State and those who constitute the dominant classes. This study tried to identify the subjects who acted as agents of the Bourgeoisie Revolution in Brazil in this period and characterize the development of capitalism in the country as peripheral and autocratic, increasing social inequalities, as observed by Florestan Fernandes. In order to make itself hegemonic, the Brazilian bourgeoisie behaved as an organic intellectual, interested in destroying the possibilities of the implementation of a non-capitalist society and focused on solidifying the liberalism in all the spheres of collectivity. The Bourgeoisie Revolution agents acted organically and articulated with the international elites, operated the ideological inculcation of the American way of life, with values associated with the industrial liberal society, and the Americanism and Fordism led the whole process. The industrial technical education was the stage and the strategy the owners of the power used to operate their desire to maintain the bourgeois liberal order. John Dewey’s New School principles were spread in the industrial technical schools by the CBAI in order to root liberal society ideas in the workers’ mentality and daily lives, in an attempt to maintain the society organized into antagonist classes and avoid the order revolution. The unifying differentiation, as proposed by Émile Durkheim, was the method that consolidated the liberal democracy in a way to perpetuate the economic differences between individuals and those belonging to the bourgeoisie, the latter in their hegemonic position of owners, exploiting labor for capital accumulation. Moreover, soviet pedagogy principles are mentioned, placing labor as a pedagogical element, in order to understand the liberal counterpart and the bourgeoisie panic, along with their effort to design the superstructure. The research took the historical and dialectical materialism as theoretical and methodological referential and used analytical categories pertinent to the method, such as the notion of organic intellectual and the extended state according to Antonio Gramsci. In summary, the analysis aimed to understand the dialectic relation between the superstructure conformation – search for consensus – to control the infrastructure and production relations, preventing the working classes from taking power.
As relações institucionais na aprovação anual da proposta orçamentária em nível federal: um estudo comparado entre o Brasil e o México
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-03-15)
Oliveira, Carla Patricia Mania de
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Novelli, José Marcos Nayme
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/4424638298219589
The present work is a comparative study between Brazil and Mexico, at a Federal Level, approaching the institutional relations in the coalition government during the annual budget cycle stage aiming at evaluating of proposals for public resource allocation. The scope leads this studies to an analysis of Executive Branch and Legislative Power interactions in the decision -making process of budget arena and mutual influence in the definition of annual public spending by modifying the initial proposal, amending and approving it. This stage involves a complex political negotiation where the participants have distinct incentives and they aim determine budgetary initiatives which will deserve the resources allocation to the detriment of other possibilities. The aim is to understand institutional relationship, limits of the activities, incentives of participants and the boundaries of inter-party and inter-institutional cooperation which leads to approval of budget proposal. In this way, this research makes a review of the institutional condition and the structure of budgetary institutions of each country, a systematic analysis of the organization and transparence , dynamics of the decisions, competences and prerogatives of participants, the extent of decision makers, external sources of pressure, structure of public spending, the constraints on resource allocation an re-allocation and the dimensions actually available for change. The research is carried out through a bibliographic and documentary procedure, with a qualitative approach, exploratory descriptive objective from a comparative perspective of Brazilian and Mexican institutional scenarios from 1988 and 1997, respectively.
Hipoelipticidade global para sublaplacianos, perturbações de ordem inferior, resolubilidade e hipoelipticidade global para uma classe de campos vetoriais
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-03-16)
Ferra, Igor Ambo
;
Barostichi, Rafael Fernando
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3582461114222090
;
Petronilho, Gerson
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5917989984472668
We start this work by recalling a class of globally hypoelliptic sublaplacians defined on the N-dimensional torus introduced by Cordaro and Himonas in 1994 and studied by Himonas and Petronilho in 2000. We consider a new class of sublaplacians that generalizes this one and prove that it is globally {omega}-hypoelliptic if and only if the coefficients satisfy a diophantine condition involving a new concept of simultaneous approximability with exponent {omega}. We also recall the Petronilho's conjecture (2006) for the smooth hypoellipticity and present a new class of sublaplacians for which the Petronilho's conjecture holds true in the ultradifferentiable functions setup. Motivated by the works of Petronilho and Zani (2008) and Chini and Cordaro (2017), we considered a vector field in the 2-dimensional torus with constant and real coefficients and we analyze the hypoellipticity and the solvability of this vector field when it is perturbed by a negative-order pseudodifferential operator. We find a non-negative order \sigma_0 such that for all operators with order less than to \sigma_0, the perturbed operator preserves both the global hypoellipticity and the global solvability of the initial vector field. This study was done in both the smooth case and the Gevrey case. Finally, we generalize, for a particular class, the work of Petronilho and Zani for the N-dimensional torus. Our study was motivated by the study of the Gevrey solvability of perturbations by Gevrey functions of the vector field system given in the first level of the complex studied by Bergamasco and Petronilho (1999).
Novo dispositivo de medida de rigidez arterial - pOpmètri® e suas correlações com análises morfométricas e densidade de colágeno em artérias de ratos de diferentes idades
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-03-16)
Fabricio, Mayara Florencio
;
Cardoso, Sandra Lia do Amaral
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/2030708742766455
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8489087810108071
Arterial stiffness measurement, evaluated by pulse wave velocity (PWV), is a predictor of cardiovascular events. Among the main factors that affect arterial stiffness are cross-sectional area, medial wall thickening, wall-to-lumen ratio and collagen density. Recently, a device using finger-toe pulse wave velocity was validated for humans study, but to better understand the mechanisms that change arterial stiffness, it is necessary to use the arterial vessel for genic, proteic and histological analysis. Therefore, a new device – popmètre® – was designed for measurements of PWV in animals and it was not validated yet. The aim of this study was to evaluate the validity, reliability and objectivity of a new device pOpmètri® 1.0 for animal studies. Forty-two Wistar rats were allocated into 3 groups of different ages: Young: 1 month; Adult: 4 months and Older: 12 months. Two photodiodes were positioned on the right thoracic and pelvic members for PWV measurement, on anesthetized rats. Then, aorta, carotid, femoral and renal arteries were extracted and prepared for morphometric and histological analysis (cross sectional area – CSA, wall thickness and collagen density). Results of PWV and vessel structure were then correlated using Pearson correlation test (p<0.05). As expected, PWV was 46% higher in adult rats compared with young rats and 20% higher in aged rats compared with adult ones. Cross sectional area was significantly higher in aged rats compared with young rats in aorta (+151%), carotid (+94%), femoral (+62%) and renal (251%) arteries. Wall thickness was not altered among groups. Also, collagen density was higher aged rats compared with young rats in (aorta: 276%; femoral: 290% and carotid: 234%). A significant correlation was observed between CSA and PWV in all arteries: aorta (r=0.5642; p<0.001); carotid (r=0.6854 p<0.001); femoral (r=0.6642 p<0.001) and renal (r=0.7817; p<0.0001). Wall thickness did not correlate with PWV. In addition, collagen density correlated with PWV in aorta (r=0,8854), femoral (r=0,9031) and carotid (r=0,9051). The results of this present study allow us to suggest that PWV measurement, obtained by a new device pOpmètri® for small animals, was able to detect age-related vessel structure in rats. The device was approved of tests of validity, reliability and objectivity.
Análise do impacto da previdência rural sobre as áreas rurais do Brasil
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-03-16)
Zague, Arthur Sardeiro
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Rodrigues, Rodrigo Vilela
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7066100737307566
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/2240341620532015
The main objective of this study is to evaluate the impact of rural pensions on the reduction of poverty in rural areas of Brazil in the period from 2004 to 2015. Currently, more than 70% of total benefits issued by the Social Security Rural are pensions worth 1 minimum wage. This benefit corresponds to the pension received by the special insured persons, whose access to the benefit is granted by proving the exercise of rural activity. Special insured persons are rural workers who carry out their activities under the family economy regime. In order to carry out the present study, the influence of income growth and inequality reduction on poverty reduction was verified. After this initial analysis, the per capita household income (RDPC) of the rural households analyzed was broken down into 8 income sources. Then, the role of each source of income in income growth and in reducing inequality was verified, with a priority focus on the source of income related to special insured pensions. The analyzes were conducted for two groups: rural households in general and households with at least one special insured beneficiary of retirement. The results indicated that income growth had a decisive impact on the poverty reduction of the two groups analyzed. For rural households in general, at least 79.3% of poverty reduction was driven by the growth of the RDPC. Similar situation was observed for the group containing only households with at least one special insured beneficiary of retirement, where it was verified that the contribution of the growth of the RDPC was at least 73.7%. Decomposition and analysis of the RDPC revealed that for rural households as a whole, special insured pensions accounted for approximately 29% of RDPC growth in the period under analysis. For households with special insured beneficiaries of pensions, this source of income accounted for an even greater percentage of this growth, around 65%. The analysis of the impact of income sources on the reduction of inequality revealed a small contribution of the benefit of the special insured to the reduction of inequality in the rural households as a whole, so that around 4% of the reduction in the observed Gini index is associated with this portion of income. For households with special insured persons benefiting from pensions, the participation of the social security benefit in the reduction of the Gini index was substantially higher, approximately 54%. Thus, the presented results show that there is evidence of the performance of the social security benefit received by the special insured on the poverty reduction of the two analyzed groups.