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O uso público nos parques urbanos e parques naturais de Sorocaba/SP
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-03-14) Kachinski, Kleber Vinícius Barros; Santos, Maria Helena dos; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3419477918842537; Leite, Eliana Cardoso; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2186623269243747; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5525206301332584
Permanently discussed, the theme environment and nature becomes current in our society. Nowadays as great importance because it has a deep relationship with spheres of action and human interest, such as, work, education, leisure, etc. The topic brings values to all society as well it is influenced by the ruling social, economic and political structure. Environmental conservation and assure its use by the population is a central element to construction programs for the public use of urban parks and natural parks. It is essential to consider local characteristics while ensuring access to non-formal education programs based on culture and leisure practices. In order to collaborate for the discussion in areas related to the parks, the present work target to verify the appropriation of the public spaces in these areas by the population of Sorocaba and, as well as the policy of recreational activities, and the distribution of these areas in the city of Sorocaba. As a methodology, the study was developed through a combination of bibliographical, documentary and field research. As an instrument of data collection, direct observation in 8 city parks (4 delimited - fenced and 4 without physical delimitation - not fenced), with the use of field diaries and semi-structured interviews with visitors. The collected achieved some points like, of safety, the lack of activity policy, followed by improvements in infrastructure and environmental landscaping. There are parks in worse conditions that end up being underutilized and small frequency to the detriment of better-located parks and higher level of income around these parks receive more activities from public power and private initiative, visitors tend to be frequent in use, highlighting activities are more diversified. Although the high number of parks created, it is strongly necessary to rescue an intersectoral public policy, prioritizing environmental education, culture and leisure in the green areas of Sorocaba.
Os efeitos do aumento gradual da exposição a um ruído e do tempo de atraso em respostas autocontroladas e impulsivas em um esquema de escolhas concorrentes
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-03-14) Santos, Samara Fernanda dos; Goyos, Antônio Celso de Noronha; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3407008711535651; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5687768630234438
In a context of competing choices, in which one choice leads to a minor and immediate consequence, and another that leads to a greater but delayed consequence, the choice for the first can be called an impulsive choice, and the choice of the latter can be called self-controlled. Many studies have been carried out in order to specify the variables that make it more or less probable to choose between one alternative and another. However, some variables have been analyzed less frequently, such as aversive events. In the present work, the objective was to verify the effect of the gradual increase to the exposure to a noise and the increase of the delay time on answers in a scheme of competing choices. Five adult subjects of both genders participated in the study. Participants were exposed to an ABAB reversal design. The experimental task in a concurrent scheme, which presented two stimuli simultaneously to the participant, in which the choice in one of them was followed by a greater and delayed consequence (larger amount of hypothetical money), and the choice in the other was followed by a minor consequence and immediate (smaller amount of hypothetical money). There were four experimental conditions: baseline with gradual increase in delay time; noise; baseline with stabilized delay time; noise. Under these conditions the manipulated variables were the increase of the delay time and the increase of the time of exposure to the noise. The results showed that for the participants who reached criterion in the first condition, the manipulated aversive variable produced the expected effect, that is, the reversion of preference. For the other participants, the results were not conclusive, since not all reached criteria for the other conditions. Some aspects may have contributed to this result, for example, the sound properties of the selected noise, the use of the same noise for all the participants, the disproportion between time of delay and amount to be obtained, among others. Future studies need to establish more effective procedures to achieve more precise stability criteria that allow all participants to be exposed to all conditions.
Investigação de julgamentos metacognitivos de informantes múltiplos sobre o desempenho de idosos em tarefas de memória
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-03-14) Gonçalves, Maria Clara Miceli; Schelini, Patrícia Waltz; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6185333517392859; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2502074000014289
This study aims to investigate metacognitive monitoring, laying emphasis on the metamemory of the elderly, through the analysis of relationships between performance estimated by them and their actual performance in standardized tasks that evaluate the operational memory; as well as to verify the relationship of the judgments of people close to the elderly regarding the performance demonstrated by them in the standardized tasks and the actual performance of the elderly in these tasks. The participants were 30 elderly people, both genders, aged between 65 and 90 years, and a person close to each one of them, totaling 60 participants. The subtests Arithmetic, Digits and Sequences of Numbers and Letters of the WAIS-III were introduced to the elderly along with a sheet with questions about their judgment of whether the items were correct. The Senior Metacognition Scale (EMETA-S) for evaluation of metacognitive abilities and the Mental State Mini-Exam (MMSE) as a means of indicating signs of dementia were also applied. To verify the judgments of people close to the elderly regarding the performance demonstrated by them in the standardized tasks, a scale composed of 23 questions was used that mention day-to-day situations related to short-term memory capacity and working memory, which were evaluated by subtests. The results of the subtests were correlated to a score obtained by the elderly in the EMETA-S and the answers related to the judgments of the elderly and the people close to the performance of the elderly in the three subtests. Strong and significant correlations were found at 0.01 between the judgments and the actual performance for the three subtests (Arithmetic r = 0.80, Digits, r = 0.66 and Sequence of Numbers and Letters r = 0.77) and moderate correlations and significant at 0.01 between judgments of close people and actual performance of the elderly in the WAIS-III subtests (Arithmetic r = 0.49, Digits r = 0.41, Sequence of Numbers and Letters r = 0.49). The results indicate that the elderly, caregivers and family members may be judging adequately the performance of memory tasks. Participants with more than 8 years of study tended to estimate their results more accurately compared to participants with less than 8 years of schooling. On the other hand, no significant differences were found in the age-group variable.