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Análise do impacto da previdência rural sobre as áreas rurais do Brasil
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-03-16) Zague, Arthur Sardeiro; Rodrigues, Rodrigo Vilela; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7066100737307566; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2240341620532015
The main objective of this study is to evaluate the impact of rural pensions on the reduction of poverty in rural areas of Brazil in the period from 2004 to 2015. Currently, more than 70% of total benefits issued by the Social Security Rural are pensions worth 1 minimum wage. This benefit corresponds to the pension received by the special insured persons, whose access to the benefit is granted by proving the exercise of rural activity. Special insured persons are rural workers who carry out their activities under the family economy regime. In order to carry out the present study, the influence of income growth and inequality reduction on poverty reduction was verified. After this initial analysis, the per capita household income (RDPC) of the rural households analyzed was broken down into 8 income sources. Then, the role of each source of income in income growth and in reducing inequality was verified, with a priority focus on the source of income related to special insured pensions. The analyzes were conducted for two groups: rural households in general and households with at least one special insured beneficiary of retirement. The results indicated that income growth had a decisive impact on the poverty reduction of the two groups analyzed. For rural households in general, at least 79.3% of poverty reduction was driven by the growth of the RDPC. Similar situation was observed for the group containing only households with at least one special insured beneficiary of retirement, where it was verified that the contribution of the growth of the RDPC was at least 73.7%. Decomposition and analysis of the RDPC revealed that for rural households as a whole, special insured pensions accounted for approximately 29% of RDPC growth in the period under analysis. For households with special insured beneficiaries of pensions, this source of income accounted for an even greater percentage of this growth, around 65%. The analysis of the impact of income sources on the reduction of inequality revealed a small contribution of the benefit of the special insured to the reduction of inequality in the rural households as a whole, so that around 4% of the reduction in the observed Gini index is associated with this portion of income. For households with special insured persons benefiting from pensions, the participation of the social security benefit in the reduction of the Gini index was substantially higher, approximately 54%. Thus, the presented results show that there is evidence of the performance of the social security benefit received by the special insured on the poverty reduction of the two analyzed groups.
Hipoelipticidade global para sublaplacianos, perturbações de ordem inferior, resolubilidade e hipoelipticidade global para uma classe de campos vetoriais
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-03-16) Ferra, Igor Ambo; Barostichi, Rafael Fernando; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3582461114222090; Petronilho, Gerson; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5917989984472668; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0388427203207282
We start this work by recalling a class of globally hypoelliptic sublaplacians defined on the N-dimensional torus introduced by Cordaro and Himonas in 1994 and studied by Himonas and Petronilho in 2000. We consider a new class of sublaplacians that generalizes this one and prove that it is globally {omega}-hypoelliptic if and only if the coefficients satisfy a diophantine condition involving a new concept of simultaneous approximability with exponent {omega}. We also recall the Petronilho's conjecture (2006) for the smooth hypoellipticity and present a new class of sublaplacians for which the Petronilho's conjecture holds true in the ultradifferentiable functions setup. Motivated by the works of Petronilho and Zani (2008) and Chini and Cordaro (2017), we considered a vector field in the 2-dimensional torus with constant and real coefficients and we analyze the hypoellipticity and the solvability of this vector field when it is perturbed by a negative-order pseudodifferential operator. We find a non-negative order \sigma_0 such that for all operators with order less than to \sigma_0, the perturbed operator preserves both the global hypoellipticity and the global solvability of the initial vector field. This study was done in both the smooth case and the Gevrey case. Finally, we generalize, for a particular class, the work of Petronilho and Zani for the N-dimensional torus. Our study was motivated by the study of the Gevrey solvability of perturbations by Gevrey functions of the vector field system given in the first level of the complex studied by Bergamasco and Petronilho (1999).
Novo dispositivo de medida de rigidez arterial - pOpmètri® e suas correlações com análises morfométricas e densidade de colágeno em artérias de ratos de diferentes idades
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-03-16) Fabricio, Mayara Florencio; Cardoso, Sandra Lia do Amaral; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2030708742766455; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8489087810108071
Arterial stiffness measurement, evaluated by pulse wave velocity (PWV), is a predictor of cardiovascular events. Among the main factors that affect arterial stiffness are cross-sectional area, medial wall thickening, wall-to-lumen ratio and collagen density. Recently, a device using finger-toe pulse wave velocity was validated for humans study, but to better understand the mechanisms that change arterial stiffness, it is necessary to use the arterial vessel for genic, proteic and histological analysis. Therefore, a new device – popmètre® – was designed for measurements of PWV in animals and it was not validated yet. The aim of this study was to evaluate the validity, reliability and objectivity of a new device pOpmètri® 1.0 for animal studies. Forty-two Wistar rats were allocated into 3 groups of different ages: Young: 1 month; Adult: 4 months and Older: 12 months. Two photodiodes were positioned on the right thoracic and pelvic members for PWV measurement, on anesthetized rats. Then, aorta, carotid, femoral and renal arteries were extracted and prepared for morphometric and histological analysis (cross sectional area – CSA, wall thickness and collagen density). Results of PWV and vessel structure were then correlated using Pearson correlation test (p<0.05). As expected, PWV was 46% higher in adult rats compared with young rats and 20% higher in aged rats compared with adult ones. Cross sectional area was significantly higher in aged rats compared with young rats in aorta (+151%), carotid (+94%), femoral (+62%) and renal (251%) arteries. Wall thickness was not altered among groups. Also, collagen density was higher aged rats compared with young rats in (aorta: 276%; femoral: 290% and carotid: 234%). A significant correlation was observed between CSA and PWV in all arteries: aorta (r=0.5642; p<0.001); carotid (r=0.6854 p<0.001); femoral (r=0.6642 p<0.001) and renal (r=0.7817; p<0.0001). Wall thickness did not correlate with PWV. In addition, collagen density correlated with PWV in aorta (r=0,8854), femoral (r=0,9031) and carotid (r=0,9051). The results of this present study allow us to suggest that PWV measurement, obtained by a new device pOpmètri® for small animals, was able to detect age-related vessel structure in rats. The device was approved of tests of validity, reliability and objectivity.
Análise mista das imagens em livros didáticos de química de segunda série do ensino médio
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-03-16) Souza, Ivan Pollarini Marques de; Silva, Rosebelly Nunes Marques da; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7921735904003583; Silva, Caio Marcio Paranhos da; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7793686262868668; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2839019983811822
The present work was devoted to the study of the images contained in chemical textbooks approved in PNLD-2015. It aimed to classify the nature of the images contained in the themes Solutions and Colligative Properties according to the categories proposed in the taxonomy of images proposed by authors of the area, in addition to classic themes of PNLD-2015. The theoretical framework was based on the Theory of Semiotics by Charles Pierce and the Triangle of Johnstone and Johnstone-Kiill. The results obtained in this work show the predominance of the use of inoperative photographs in the textbooks, being these linked to the text by means of verbal labels. The images favor the Macroscopic dimension to the detriment of other dimensions, weakening the understanding of chemical concepts at the submicroscopic level, as well as the low percentage of images and texts that deal with the History of Science, contributing to the conception of individualistic, elitist and perfect Science.
Prisma de formação caribenha: a produção social de uma consciência oposicional em C. L. R. James e Oliver C. Cox
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-03-16) Borda, Erik Wellington Barbosa; Silvério, Valter Roberto; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9421231847055027; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2238174087935960
This work consists in a contrast between the initial trajectories of two black authors of Trinidad and Tobago; C. L. R. James and Oliver C. Cox. The period of beginning is marked, in this research, from the birth of these authors until the publication of their magnum opi, 1938 for James and 1948 for Cox. The contrast was made having as its based a path opened by the Jamaican theorist Stuart Hall when he debated his trajectory, i.e., the idea of prism of Caribbean formation. It is argued, then, that the intellectual production of Afro-Caribbean authors may be read in the interstice between a flight from the dynamics of oppression inherent to a place of nonhumanity, the zone of Nonbeing, and the validation logics and horizons of possibilities reserved to black intellectuals in different national contexts. The magnum opi that marks this research’s chronological frame also denounces these dimensions through theoretical displacements that the authors have accomplished by a forced dialogue with Universalist Western intellectual traditions by which the authors they were formed.
ComentCorpus: identificação e pistas linguísticas para detecção de ironia no português do Brasil
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-03-16) Pedro, Gabriela Wick; Vale, Oto Araújo; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2277403284693571; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3367416478527735
Opinions on the Web have been increasing progressively and, thus, has aroused interest in areas of study of Linguistics and Computation, for example. In this context comes the Sentiment Analysis, or Opinion Mining, which aims to analyze computationally opinions, emotions, feelings and subjectivities present in texts (LIU, 2012), however, certain subjective sentences can carry irony, transforming the meaning of a sentence. This dissertation aims to investigate expressions of irony in social media, focusing on the description of linguistic devices as clues of irony in opinion texts in Brazilian Portuguese. To understand the functioning of this figurative mechanism, we will start from the search a corpus constructed by new commentaries from the Folha de S. Paulo portal. In addiction, based on pragmatic and cognitive theories, we developed a corpus annotation scheme for opinions and their intentions: ironic, other types of irony or non-ironic. As a result, we have obtained a list of subcategories that characterize expressions of irony that allow to collaborate with the development of the NLP area and Sentiment Analysis and, in addition, to improve tools of automatic identification of opinion through the descriptions and the linguistic resources elaborated here.
Ecologia de Phimosus infsuscatus (Aves: Threskiornithidae) no litoral de Santa Catarina, Brasil
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-03-16) Ferreira, Alvino Pedrosa; Branco, Joaquim Olinto; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3241905846920207; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7418287084820807
Phimosus infuscatus is a bird of gregarious behavior found in South America. Despite its conspicuity, few studies involve the species, so that a large gap exists on its ecology. There is, for example, no in-depth information on abundance in feeding areas, habitat selection, behavioral repertoire, roost use, daily dispersal movements, breeding and morphology of chicks. Thus, this study was developed aiming to verify the species abundance and habitat selection in foraging areas in three municipalities in the coast of Santa Catarina, presenting and discussing its behavioral repertoire; to analyze daily movements between feeding areas and a roost discovered in the municipality of Itajaí, SC; and to evaluate its reproduction during two seasons in two areas located in the city, with information on nest building, incubation, parental care, success estimates and morphology of nests, eggs and chicks. The research used binoculars, measuring equipment, meteorological databases, CEMAVE metallic rings for chick marking spreadsheets for data recording and computer software for organization, analysis and textual production. The abundance was related to the rice cultivation cycle in the region, mainly during soil preparation and inundation, and the reproductive period. The foraging was carried out preferentially in slightly flooded and low vegetation environments, with no major preferences between aquatic or terrestrial arthropods available as resource supplies, with food searching behavior considered the default. The roost was used continuously for two years, with daily movements of groups up to dozens of individuals and population fluctuation varying in the same way as the abundance quoted above. The species used rivers margins in two different models during its reproduction, with success as expected for the family, and better conditions in the second season, observed in the measurements of eggs and chicks, which allowed the definition of growth stages of the last. This study brings brand new information and serves for a better ecological understanding of the species, being able to contribute to preservation and management strategies, care of individuals in captivity and future research, also helping to understand the fast population expansion of the species in Santa Catarina.
Modelos de otimização e métodos de solução para o planejamento da produção e distribuição na indústria de móveis
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-03-16) Lugo, Pedro Luis Miranda; Ferreira, Deisemara; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0245267028273903; Morabito Neto, Reinaldo; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4194801952934254; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3984827098999832
Production and distribution are two key decisions in supply chain management. In order to achieve an effective operational performance along the supply chain, it might be important for these two decisions to be planned in a integrated manner, especially in supply chains with low inventory levels between production and distribution activities. This thesis studies the integration of production, inventory, distribution and routing decisions in the context of furniture companies. Research involving this integration has focus on more theoretical and idealized scenarios and, therefore, analysis on real-world settings are scarce in the related literature. Thus, we contribute to the literature by proposing mathematical optimization models and solution methods to represent and solve the integrated production and distribution planning and scheduling problem in the context of furniture manufacturers. Moreover, we also highlight the advantages of integrating production and distribution planning and scheduling decisions over the current industry practice, wherein both of these decisions are made independently of each other. The proposed optimization models take into account features rarely considered in the literature, but commonly found in furniture companies, such as producing and stocking multiples components and sub-assemblies (instead of final products), sequence-dependent setups times and costs, different capacity vehicles performing multiples trips over the planning horizon, distribution routes extending over one or more periods, multiple time windows and customers deadlines. As a result, our models properly represent the real situation and can be used to support integrated production and distribution planning and scheduling decisions in furniture companies. These models, however, are difficult to solve and their use as a production and distribution planning and scheduling tool is limited to moderate sized instances. In order to solve larger problems, we also propose different decomposition-based heuristic methods, which are able to solve larger instances in reasonable computing times. Results show that our heuristics, based on mathematical programming (i.e., matheuristics), are able to produce better solutions than general-purpose optimization solvers in shorter computing times. Exact solution methods, based on Benders decomposition, are also proposed to provide better quality solutions for small instances. Computational evaluation of these approaches shows that they perform as well as a general-purpose optimization solver. Overall, the approaches here proposed (i.e., mathematical optimization models and solution approaches) can be used in different furniture companies, as they are able to effectively support production and distribution planning and scheduling activities, considering the most relevant and common features found in the furniture manufacturing and delivery processes. Moreover, these approaches can be adapted or extended to be used in other industries with similar production and distribution processes as those found in furniture companies.
Educação ambiental e formação de professores para a conservação da fauna do Parque Estadual das Fontes do Ipiranga (PEFI - SP)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-03-16) Silva, Nathália Formenton da; Silva, Rosana Louro Ferreira; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2635824351245453; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9496815844157966
The Fontes do Ipiranga State Park (PEFI) is an Atlantic Forest Conservation Unit (UC) located in the city of São Paulo and has a unique feature: it houses several institutions in its interior, such as the São Paulo Zoo and the São Paulo Botanic Garden (JB), among others. The PEFI presents more than 210 species of vertebrates, however, much of this fauna is threatened by anthropic actions because it is inserted in an urban area. Some problems are: the risk of running over, electrocution, illegal hunting / capture and transmission of diseases and predation by invading domestic animals. Our main objective was to elaborate and apply a teacher education course, from a critical, emancipatory and transformative environmental education (EE) perspective, to two schools located around the PEFI, in order to identify the dimensions of the educational process, the dimensions of social learning (AS), in addition to the EE aspects. The research was developed in a qualitative approach, based on the presuppositions of action research. Thus, we signed a partnership with two state schools, one elementary school I and another elementary and secondary school, in which 47 teachers from all areas of knowledge participated. The research had a procedural character, being developed in four moments: the first consisted of a socio-environmental diagnosis with the participants; the second was the preparation of the course based on the diagnosis data, meeting all the demands of teachers and schools; the third time consisted of the application of the course, which had a total of 20 hours, being 8 presential and 12 at a distance, with development of EE activities in schools and student visits to the São Paulo Zoo; the last moment of the research was the analysis of the data and the course. As a result, we identify all dimensions of the educational process: the dimension of knowledge, ethical and aesthetic values and participation, the first one prevailing, but also the dimension of participation was well considered. As regards AS, its dimensions - reflection, communication, negotiation, action and participation - were also identified, which allowed us to relate both theoretical references in a critical EE perspective. Also with the course analysis, we could note that, although this was based on critical EE, the EE strand that was most identified in the course was pragmatic EE, which did not exclude the other strands and, in some aspects, the conservative and critical lines emerged. In this way, the training course addressed the main characteristics of effective continuing education courses, including, in part, pedagogical knowledge of content, active learning methods, collective participation, duration and coherence. Thus, we hope the course has contributed to the awareness of those involved, so that they become interested in the environmental issues of PEFI and become involved in the fight for the conservation of this UC.
Diretivas para a avaliação da sustentabilidade em soluções computacionais
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-03-16) Galindo Junior, Newton Antonio; Neris, Vânia Paula de Almeida; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0268728255033469; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6254707383083590
Throughout human history the consumption of natural resources has increased rapidly. The great leap happens at the moment we are inserted, the Third Industrial Revolution or Information Revolution - now highlighted by gadgets - of all order, such as smartphones, smartwatches, tablets, among others. There is continuous production of hardware and software, with direct impacts on the environment, economy and society, which characterizes the tripod of sustainability. According to the World Commission on Environment, Sustainability and Development, sustainability is defined as "meeting the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs" (Amsel et al., 2011). In computational solutions, the impacts of the processes and methods used to design, deploy, and maintain them for sustainability issues are not usually measured by common development practices. Considering this problem, implying a lack of concern for sustainability in computational solutions, it is necessary to consider the issues of this scope, seeking direction solutions as suggested by the first great challenge for the Human-Computer Interaction area in Brazil (GrandIHCBr) - "Future , Smart Cities and Sustainability" (Neris et al., 2012). From this scenario, this research seeks to provide guidelines that help the team involved in the project to evaluate aspects of sustainability in computational solutions. The work started from a survey of the literature and a consultation to the computer community in Brazil that allowed to perceive the state of the art and the tacit knowledge in the subject. The literature also supported the choice of a reference model that was instantiated with the participation of 5 systems analysts and 3 researchers in computing. 21 directives were formalized. The directives were then presented to an industry professional and a university professor in computing for appreciation. The results suggest that the proposed policies can be considered as guiding factors for the design of computational solutions.
Atividades de letramento na Educação Infantil: o trabalho com a literatura como elo entre as modalidades oral e escrita
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-03-16) Ranzani, Ariane; Atleo, Marlene R.; Martins, Maria Sílvia Cintra; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9241992645160356; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8527412807113872
The aim of the research, based on field research, is to understand how the translation phenomenon, presented in the retelling stories genre can estimulate the construction of children's identities. In other words, how the transition from a literacy event to another, grounded in the reading Children's Literature books, can contribute to the kindergarten children go through the oral and written language modalities in an attempt to read a book, interpreting, transforming, transcending, translating, venturing through multiple literary translation activities. The theoretical references of this work start from the idea of rhizomatic transversality and it is based on: 1) New Literacy Studies (BARTON & HAMILTON, 1998; KLEIMAN, 1995, 2002, 2007; MARTINS, 2007a, 2008; STREET, 2006, 2010, 2012, 2014) which investigates the conception of autonomous and ideological literacy models, literacy practices and literacy events, and discussing the importance of the genres of discourse and Children's Literature for the literacy and the development of language in its oral and written modalities; 2) Translation Studies (PAZ, 2009; LOTMAN, 1996; MARTINS, 012, 2013, 2018), which focuses in the concept of translation as creation and (de)construction, relating the translation to literacy practices as a way to enable the child to access the language in a competent and autonomous way, being a producer and consumer of texts; 3) Historical-Cultural Psychology and the Theory of the Activity (LEONTIEV, 1978a, 1978b, 2014a[1981], 2014b[1981]; VIGOTSKI, 2001, 2007; VIGOTSKII, 2014[1933]; VYGOTSKI, 1995[1931]) which examines the conceptions of the leading activity, zone of proximal development, higher psychological functions, affective-cognitive development, and cultural artifact; and 4) Critical Discourse Analysis (FAIRCLOUGH, 2001; MEURER, 2005), one of the cornerstones of our data analysis, which highlights the role of language in social transformation and allows us to analyze the relations present in the process of oral and written languages appropriation within a game of subjectivation and translation carried out by kindergarten children. This study is based on a qualitative-interpretative paradigm (BOGDAN & BIKLEN, 1994), participant (EZPELETA, 1984; ANDRÉ, 2005) and ethnographic perspective (STREET, 2010) and it investigates: a) how the transition from one literacy event to another and from the storytelling activity to a retelling activity, in which the child simulates a reading based on the adult reading activity, could contribute to the development of children texts producers and consumers; and (b) how literary translation activities can encourage the construction of children's identities. Thus, the results highlight the pertinence of literary translation activities in the sense of providing the transition of the child by the most varied discursive genres, establishing links between oral and written modalities of language; by considering child’s play as the leading activity in the affective-cognitive development that makes possible the child literary translation activities; and also, by enabling the child to enter the world of language subjectively and creatively, transforming it and transforming itself.