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Aplicação do método de lattice Boltzmann na simulação de meios filtrantes : implementação de códigos para geração do domínio de cálculo e condição de contorno de escorregamento
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-03-19) Augusto, Liliana de Luca Xavier; Gonçalves, José Antônio Silveira; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0337997526924402; Lopes, Gabriela Cantarelli; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5680967191791061; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6049769741255261
Many studies have been carried out to find the best operating point for filter media, and the mathematical modeling and simulation are becoming a important tool. In this work, a code was built to generate geometric models for filter media from data obtained by statistical analysis and microscopic images, to be used in simulations. Two different approaches (random and uniform distributions) were used to alocate the fiber inside the limits of the filter medium. The OpenLB library, which uses the mesoscopic approach lattice Boltzmann method based on kinetic of gases, was used to calculate the gas flow and estimate the pressure drop through the filter medium. A free slip boundary condition was implemented in OpenLB code, using the mesoscopic approach of specular reflection of the distribution functions. This boundary condition was then applied on the fibers surfaces, with the purpose of correctly represent the slip flow regime. The free slip boundary condition was verificated by simulating flows in confined duct and around obstacles, and the results were compared with data obtained by macroscopic simulations carried out on the commercial package ANSYS Fluent, which solves Navier-Stokes equations, and also with data found in literature. In filter media simulations, the free slip and no-slip boundary conditions were applied on the fibers surfaces and the numerical results of three types of filter media were then compared to experimental data. A better agreement between numerical and experimental data was observed if the free slip boundary condition was used. This confirms the need to consider the proper boundary condition in flows with high Knudsen number. Moreover, an analysis of the influence of the size of the computational domain on the pressure drop was also carried out, in order to determine the smaller size of the geometric model of the filter medium. According to the results, the pressure drop tends to become stable with the increasing of the domain, since the solid fraction is more accurate. This stabilization occurs with better agreement when the ramdon alocation of the fibers are used to distribute the fibers inside the filter medium.
Integridade biótica de fragmentos florestais em matriz urbana
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-03-19) Galvani, Fabricio; Leite, Eliana Cardoso; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2186623269243747; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0129627542515812
In Brazil, semi-deciduous seasonal forest (SSF) is one of the physiognomies of Atlantic Forests, and sited between the Atlantic Forest and Savanna Biomes. Over the last decades, SSF has been fragmented by use of the soil for agricultural or urban areas. The urban and industrial growth promote a strong impact in forest fragments due to the edge effects, isolation, and habitat degradation. Hence, the knowledge about ecologic dynamics and biotic integrity inside this fragment is essential to guide public policy and to support decision makers, in the planning and management of territories. The goal of this study was to analyze the Biotic Integrity in fragments of SSF inside Ribeirão Preto (SP), a medium-sized city in the southeast of Brazil, and to analyse the relationship between BII and landscape metrics (size, shape and connectivity). The method (BII) has nine indicators (littler and grass cover, stand of dead trees, exotic wood species, vines, gaps in the canopy, vascular epiphytes, later species in canopy and in understory). The results can vary from 9 to 45. The survey was carried out in 9 forest fragments, the sizes of which are from 1,3 to 185,0 ha, all with urban influence. The relation between IBI and landscape metrics (size, shape) were analyzed by the Pearson correlation. BII value were registered from 26,0 to 38,0 or as low, medium or high integrity. The results showed strong correlation between IBB and size (p= 0, 7944), and weakness with shape (p= 0, 47). Therefore, the results show a vast area (77 ha) with low Integrity and another small area (22 ha) with high integrity. It was registered a medium-sized area, with high integrity located urban area in expansion, for which it was recommended the creation of one Protected Area.
Análise da distribuição espacial, funcionalidade e atratividade de áreas verdes públicas na cidade de São Carlos, SP
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-03-19) Gonçalves, Monica Palloni; Peres, Renata Bovo; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6045407453925020; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1677351338202448
Urban public green areas are public spaces with vegetation, free (total or partial) waterproofing, which perform ecological, landscape, social, cultural and recreational functions, among others, generating an increase in sociability, aesthetic, functional and environmental improvements in cities. In view of the benefits promoted by these areas, and considering the lack of privilege that the free spaces are approached in the planning and the lack of systemic perspective of them, the motivation of this research appeared on whether the public green areas are qualified for use; if there are relations between regions with more qualified areas and income; and how the population uses and perceives the importance of these areas. The general objective was the analysis and the relation between spatial distribution, functionality and attractiveness of people in public green areas in the city of São Carlos, SP. The paper was structured in three parts, with introductory elements in the first, development of two articles in the second and final considerations in the third. The first article analyzes the qualification of green areas for use, and their relation with the spatial distribution, vegetation concentration and income of the population. The second brings analyzes of uses, functions, and attractions, considering qualitative criteria and the environmental perception of the regulars. A bibliographic research, the use of geoprocessing tools, functional investigation forms and perception questionnaires were carried out. The results indicated 779 areas available for the leisure green area system, but 463 were considered only partly qualified for use. There was a greater amount of qualified green areas in higher income areas, and partly qualified and unqualified green areas in peripheral regions. There is attractiveness to the practice of physical activities, leisure, contemplation, well-being, commerce and work, indicating a potential for multiple uses of the public dimension. It is necessary that the management of green areas be integrated with urban planning, holistically and systemically designed to be part of the daily life of the city, and not only represent obligations of minimum amounts to create lots.
Extending User Interface Design Patterns with accessibility recommendations to guide mobile developers
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-03-19) Casadei, Vitor; González, Sahudy Montenegro; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9826346918182685; Zaina, Luciana Aparecida Martinez; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0192085115595443; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2959168271554057
With the dissemination of mobile devices and the migration of activities that were once executed only on desktop computers to smartphones and tablets, the concerns related to accessibility in this environments have increased. Accessibility barriers can directly affect the access of information: a user with difficulties on accessing important information can become frustrated, absorbing the content with difficulty or even not being able to assimilate any information. The difficulties encountered by a great variety of users on mobile devices adds new challenges to the task of creating accessible applications for everyone. However, the accessibility impact of mobile interface design patterns in the life of disabled people has not been widely addressed in academic works. At the same time, the community of mobile designers and developers has made significant advances in identifying accessibility issues with design patterns on mobile interfaces, reporting these findings in virtual spaces of discussions as forums and blogs. Against this scenario, this project proposes recommendations that will help to mitigate or eliminate the accessibility barriers created by Interface Design Patterns on mobile applications. These recommendations were created based on two main studies. The first study was an accessibility evaluation based on interaction design patterns in an e-learning application containing 21 participants without disabilities that collected the emotional response to seven design patterns and video analysis using communicability metrics. While the second study aimed to explore the experiences and knowledge of professionals through an ethnographic study in 18 virtual communities of mobile design and development with the goal of identifying issues on the accessibility of Android mobile interface design patterns. This work presents two main contributions. It presents an approach to support the employment of virtual ethnography studies in software engineering as means to observe software development practice based on the information available in online communities. It also proposes 22 recommendations of 11 Interface Design Patterns and 11 Cross-section elements of mobile applications with the goal of improving the overall accessibility of mobile devices.
Estudos sobre o “status” populacional de Rhea americana, (Linnaeus, 1758) na Estação Ecológica de Itirapina - SP
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-03-19) Bergel, Mariano Maudet; Rocha, Vlamir José; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8044368595391973; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9379382097270338
In the central region of the State of São Paulo, in the municipalities of Brotas and Itirapina, the Ecological Station of Itirapina (EEI, in portuguese) is located, which together with the Ecological Station of Santa Bárbara, presents one of the few places where one can observe areas of open phytophysiognomy of the Cerrado . The EEI is considered an important area for birds and biodiversity (IBA) due to the presence of migratory species, endemic and endangered species such as emas (Rhea americana). Previous studies have recorded small flocks of emas living in the EEI in the 1980s, but the presence and size of this population is currently declining. Thus, the objective of this work was to evaluate the situation of the american Rhea population in the EEI, to discuss the feasibility of reintroducing captive birds for the species reinvigoration, as well as the threats to this population and evaluation of the methodology used. For that, motorized transects, walking and fixed observation points were established as a strategy to detect birds. At the end of 13 months of study, more than 1,000 kilometers traveled and 162 hours of active search, 29 traces of footprints and three views of a single adult individual were recorded by the IEE inspection team. Considering the various references related to Rhea americana in the literature, as well as the results obtained in this study, it is believed that the emas population in the ISS is in a situation of great vulnerability, with strong evidence that there is only one individual using this conservation unit. Many factors directly affect the survival of the emas in the EEI and make it difficult to reinvigorate these birds. However, if we consider the various benefits of increasing the population of this species that, in addition to being threatened with extinction, also participates in the connectivity between forest fragments, increases the germination and dispersion of some large and medium sized seeds, as well as interacts with different chains food being prey and preying simultaneously, it is believed that it is highly beneficial to the entire local ecosystem to carry out an action of population reinforcement of captive emas in the Ecological Station of Itirapina.