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Meta-avaliação das políticas de cotas : um estudo de processos nas universidades estaduais paranaenses
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-03-21) Souza, Andreliza Cristina; Rothen, José Carlos; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1942510389127549; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3700985924661176
This thesis have accomplished a meta-evaluation of quota policies in Paraná’s state public universities. The general objective was to analyze the evaluations processes regarding the similarities and differences, potentialities and limits, as well as to verify which strategies and procedures were used more frequently for this kind of evaluation. The thesis is that the evaluation of quota policies has fragility in reason it is not carried out according to the theoretical and methodological foundations of the evaluation due to the political tension around the quotas. In order to base this research, discussions contemplated philosophical and epistemological assumptions of evaluating as a research field (AFONSO, 2009; FERNANDES, 2010; DIAS SOBRINHO, 2002; 2003a); definitions and interfaces between state and public policies were presented, and a brief discussion about the state as a provider versus a governor; the concepts of focal policies and affirmative actions were presented; and the influence of Durban Conference and its unfolding on expanding access to higher education. The instruments for collecting data were: documents – quota policy’s performance and evaluation processes; and interviews – actors enrolled in this context, systematized with content analysis method. For policy analysis was used the polity cycle (BOWE; BALL; GOLD, 1992; BALL; MAGUIRE; BRAUN, 2016), and has shown that: a) institutions analyzed had similar motives for vacancy reservations: institutional and social influences and the democratization of public schools; b) national debates about affirmative actions had great influence over these institutions; c) racism, conservative positions, resistance from institutions and/or actors and the reasoning that implies quality losses has made impossible to install racial quotas in three of the analyzed institutions; d) each institutions has defined their own model for policies; e) in some cases, the way the text was written limited access to black students or students from public schools. The meta-evaluation (SCRIVEN 2009; STUFFLEBEAM 1981; 2001; 2011; WORTHEN; SANDERS; FITZPATRICK, 2004) revealed that: a) two institutions did not carry out evaluation/monitoring, although there was a forecast of quota’s policy evaluation; b) these were evaluations of processes, of the ex-post kind, made by members of the institutions; c) the evaluators had a partial position in the realization of the evaluations; d) this bias, in the sense of confirmation of the policy, favored the debate on quotas, as well as its permanence as an access policy; e) the propensity of some actors to evaluate the quota policy in favor of their legitimation may have concealed relevant factors that have affected the effectiveness of this affirmative action; f) evaluations attended the criteria of precision, data importance, relevance and dissemination; g) criteria of reliability, credibility and cost x efficiency were not met. It was concluded that the evaluation process was feared by the institutions, specially by the actors involved in the approbation of policies, not effectively occurring for fear that the evaluation were be used as an instrument for denying quotas and reduce access in higher education. It is necessary to discuss quotas. Amongst the considerations stands out need to further discussions of quotas, qualify evaluation processes, to form technical staff, to develop methods and strategies suitable for different situations and knowledge production about evaluation as an epistemological field.
Desenvolvimento de novas ligas quasicristalinas à base de alumínio
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-03-21) Wolf, Witor; Bolfarini, Claudemiro; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9231627080617037; Botta Filho, Walter José; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8956458007749112; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9656544805116765
Quasicrystalline phases are known for presenting particular crystallographic characteristics that make them a separate group of solid materials. Most of these phases are Al-based and they form in compositions near complex intermetallic phases. Many of these intermetallic phases are called quasicrystalline approximants due to the similarity of their atomic structures. This work presents the development of quasicrystal-forming alloys, which have low friction coefficient and low surface adhesion energy, aiming to discover new quasicrystal compositions. Fabrication of quasicrystalline alloys was performed by starting from known quasicrystal compositions and then modifying them by the addition of elements that could potentially enhance corrosion resistance such as Cr and Ni. Arc melting and melt spinning were used in the fabrication of these alloys. The metallic system that showed to be more suitable for obtaining the quasicrystalline phase, Al-Cu-Fe-Cr, was selected for a detailed study using combinatorial approaches for fabrication and characterization of alloys so the composition range where the quasicrystal forms in this system could be found. This strategy makes use of advanced techniques such as magnetron co-sputtering and high-throughput X-ray diffraction and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. One of the quasicrystalline alloys was selected and fabricated by atomization, followed to thermal spraying by High Velocity Oxygen Fuel to manufacture coatings, which were studied regarding phase formation and stability as well as wear behavior and surface adhesion energy. This coating fabricated with a new composition showed the formation of quasicrystalline phases as expected. Surface properties such as low coefficient of friction and low surface adhesion energy were observed in the samples.