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Educação musical e letramento emergente: possibilidades para crianças do primeiro ano da educação básica
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-03-28) Fantini, Renata Franco Severo; Rose, Tânia Maria Santana de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3726292298571344; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9611195121776675
Based on the studies of Ainscow, Rodrigues and Mantoan, and considering the decisive role of emerging literacy based on the studies of Semeghini-Siqueira and Sulzby and Teale and the importance of this in our society for scholar inclusion to occur in fact, this study seeks to investigate in a way the musical education, inspired by the contributions of musical educators working in the Brazilian scenario, such as Koellreutter, Kater, Brito, Feres, Joly, Parejo, among others, can dialogue with the emerging literacy experiences of children of six years in the context of Elementary School. The purpose of this study was to explore new possibilities and implications of music education in partnership with emerging literacy aspects. The study presents a qualitative approach to data, and they were collected in twelve music lessons for children enrolled in the first year of a public school in the interior of the state of São Paulo, Brazil. The classes were based on the programs of music and literacy proposed by Standley and Hughes (1997) and Register, Hughes and Standley (2012) and had their activities inspired by the contributions of Brazilian musical educators. The data were analyzed qualitatively in eight categories that emerged from the organization of musical activities in the encounters experienced: reception, hello and goodbye songs, activities with voice and language, listening, instruments, movement and body expression, graphics and symbols. The results indicated that when they experienced a set of interdisciplinary musical activities to the emergent literacy, the children progressed in their musical experiences and had opportunities to strengthen aspects of the literacy process itself.
Isolamento e caracterização de cepas termotolerantes de Saccharomyces cerevisiae e análise da expressão de genes possivelmente envolvidos com a termotolerância
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-03-28) Souza, Jonas Paulino de; Cunha, Anderson Ferreira da; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0329741640375661; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8998062189801580
Brazil is the world’s second largest producer of ethanol, which is produced, in our country, from the fermentation of sugarcane sucrose by Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast. Despite having a high capacity for ethanol production, the industrial yeasts act in a narrow band of temperature between 30 and 35ºC. In order to maintain this band of temperature, chillers are used, which results in cost increase and water consumption. Besides the temperature, other stress factors, such as high sugar and ethanol concentrations and contamination by microorganisms, also affect the yields of production. In this sense, the present research aimed at isolating and characterizing thermotolerant S. cerevisiae yeast strains from the industrial fermentative process. In addition, the expression of the genes OLE-1, YHR087W and HSP26, which are correlated in literature to different stress factors, was evaluated in these strains. A total of 157 yeasts was analyzed for growth capacity at 40ºC. Eight S. cerevisiae strains, which were identified through the ITS 18S region, were able to grow in this condition. Among the eight strains, four showed excellent glucose consumption at 30 and 40ºC. After 27 fermentative cycles at 40ºC, the four strains showed a preference for growth at this temperature and indicated to be possibly thermotolerant. Previous analyses showed that these strains have a higher capacity for cellular growth, high ethanol concentration and resistance to osmotic stress and acid treatment. Fermentative analyses evidenced that thermotolerant yeasts produced similar quantities of ethanol at 30 and 40ºC. The expression of the genes HSP26 and YHR087W was positively regulated during the fermentation at high temperatures, while the gene OLE-1 reduced the expression at the same condition. The application of thermotolerant yeast strains in fermentations at high temperatures can contribute to increase ethanol production, which is an important strategy to optimize the production of ethanol in Brazil. In addition, the identification of S. cerevisiae genes that were differently expressed under high temperature conditions can contribute to a better understanding of molecular mechanisms that lead to the activation of metabolic pathways responsible for thermotolerance.
Durabilidade de argamassas submetidas ao ataque de sulfatos : efeito da adição da nanosílica
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-03-28) Schmalz, Rosana; Quarcioni, Valdecir Angelo; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9443243894564249; Ferreira, Fernanda Giannotti da Silva; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0329487394818763; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3338131437887566
Durability is one of the characteristics to be considered in design and projects of concrete structures as it is related to the useful life of buildings. Among the aggressive agents most damaging to the concrete are sulfate ions, both internal and external, that when in contact with the cement hydration products, cause expansion and cracking of the cementitious matrix. The purpose of this work was to produce more durable cementitious materials against the sulfate attack, with the use of nanosilica, a mineral addition with a lower particle size than the silica fume, which reacts chemically and physically in the hydration reactions of the cement. For this purpose, 1: 3.20 (cement: sand) mortar specimens were tested, two water/binder ratios (0.40 and 0.50) and three colloidal nanosilica contents (1, 5 and 10%). In addition, its effect was evaluated in combination with the silica fume. The mortars mechanical and physical properties were evaluated by means of mechanical strength tests and water absorption by capillarity, and their durability against the sulfate attack by means of dimensional variation tests, chemical and microscopic analyzes. Sulfate attacks were carried out externally, by immersing the test specimens in sodium sulfate solution (10%), and internally by using a sulfate-containing mixing water (3%). In addition, some mortars were subjected to heat cure at 85ºC, in order to verify the occurrence of an internal sulfate attack, due to high temperatures. In general, the results indicated that the nanosilica contributed to the increase of the compressive strength and, mainly, to the reduction of the capillary absorption coefficients of the mortars, due to its filler and pozzolanic effects. Regarding the durability against sulfate attack, both external and internal, it was not possible to verify the positive effects of nanosilica on mortars subjected to wet curing, since during the 91 days of the experiment no evidence of expansion was observed. As for mortars subjected to heat curing, the 10% nanosilica addition was efficient in mitigating delayed ettringite formation (DEF), preventing expansion and cracking. Finally, it was concluded that the nanosilica addition results in positive effects on the cementitious matrix microstructure, reducing its permeability and, consequently, increasing its durability against aggressive agents.
Entre céu e terra: socio-espacialidade dos Mebengôkré-Xikrin. Terra indígena Trincheira Bacajá (T.I.T.B) (Pará, Brasil)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-03-28) Tselouiko, Stéphanie Anastasia; Surrallés, Alexandre; Cohn, Clarice; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1714080901123094; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3202788572576556
The Mebengôkré-Xikrin of the Trincheira Bacajá Indigenous Land (Pará, Brazil) have recently undergone unprecedented political, economic and ecological transformations. These are caused, among other things, by the establishment of the Belo Monte hydroelectric dam and by the compensation projects that accompany it. Among the impacts, the reduction of the hydric regime of their Bacajá river, resulting in an erosion of thebiodiversity and an infringement of their mobility and autonomy in their relationship to the Others. In this context, this thesis aims to analyse how the Xikrin conceive and practice their territoriality as they assert themselves and reproduce as Mebengôkré, and this, in a historical depth allowed by the literature and the speeches of the Ancients. At the crossroads between social anthropology and anthropology of the environment, this research is a continuation of recent work on socio-spatiality that has begun a revision of the idea of closure attributed to the Jê societies and to the Mebengôkré in particular. The hypothesis is that the conceptions and practices of the space lived by the Xikrin are guided by the relation to the Other: the Kuben (the Whites), the Mẽkarõ (the dead) and the animals and plants populating the extra and intra villagers. The thesis is structured according to a three-scale analysis, from the widest to the narrowest: from the region between Central Brazil and the Volta Grande do Xingu to the village, passing through the explored places of the Trincheira Bacajá Indigenous Land. The proposed analysis permits to understand how the Xikrin emerged as a collective apart from the other Mebengôkré, by appropriating the space that today constitutes their territory, in their migration and dispersion through the successive splits since their settlement. This thesis finally shows that the Xikrin, originated from a savanna ecosystem, have not only developed a singular relationship with the city but also with the forest and the rivers of a tropical region. Thus, the conclusions put into question the concentric dual representation of the Xikrin socio-spatiality, allowing to consider the extra villagers spaces and their inhabitants not as simply asocial and potentially socializable but, on the contrary, as being socializing, that is to say also having a role in the (re)production of Mebengôkré people and Xikrin sociality, in particular by learning and appropriating elements of these spaces. ABES
O conceito de História em Voltaire
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-03-28) Zaninetti, Priscila Aragão; Baioni, José Eduardo Marques; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9613180348313909; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5633660296578965
The purpose of this dissertation is to study the concept of history in Voltaire. Therefore the research embraces the conception of historical narration, the methodological resources established to verify them, and also the discipline that entitles the work that, here, will be central, The Philosophy of History. It covers such areas, however, with a specific question that would interweave them, namely the possible conservation of contents from the historical conception of Antiquity and the elaboration of contents concerning the historical conception of Modernity by the Voltairean concept of history. Thus narrativity, linked to the adoption of the principle of verisimilitude, and conviction in the instructive utility of history, would therefore be contents that would refer back to the old sense of the concept of history. However, in Voltaire, the separation between the true historical account and the fable aims not only at the education of princes, but above all the progress of the human spirit. Moreover, the Voltairean concept of history seems structured by the specifically historical temporality, capable of encompassing the multiplicity of human manifestations and, therefore, the development of customs by various peoples throughout the centuries. Under these terms, such a concept would also contain contents elaborated by the historiography of Modernity, at which time the philosopher had belonged and for which he had contributed much to the elaboration of his intellectual apparatus. That said, the hypothesis of this dissertation is to understand the supposed ambivalence of the Voltairean concept of history, placing it between the meanings of the historical conceptions of Antiquity and Modernity, as the intersection between inheritance and acquisition, as the perfection of the corpus of thought bequeathed by tradition for a rationality that would experience the social, political, economic and cultural changes of Modernity, thus constituting its own historical thought.
Efeitos agudos e crônicos dos fármacos paracetamol e propranolol em diferentes biomarcadores de uma espécie de peixe neotropical
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-03-28) Pereira, Beatriz Vieira Ramos; Nunes, Bruno; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6801060474640624; Silva-Zacarin, Elaine Cristina Mathias da; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3993998796939609; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0643652838817795
Aquatic environments contamination has emerged mainly as a consequence of human activities. The presence of xenobiotics in water bodies can drastically affect the ecosystem, as well as to cause deleterious effects to the species. Production, consumption and inappropriate disposal of pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PCPs) have important contribution for such contamination. Despite existing ecotoxicological studies, there is still a lack of data and studies with native species from neotropical regions and the effects of such substances on non-target species. Taking this into consideration, the present study aimed to assess the effects of two pharmaceuticals, paracetamol and propranolol, on the neotropical fish species Phalloceros harpagos, which genus is native to Brazil and Paraguay, through the analysis of biochemical and cellular markers. Paracetamol is an analgesic and antipyretic drug used to treat pain and fever; propranolol is a non-selective β-blocker. The evaluation of toxicological effects of the described drugs was conducted through analysis of biochemical markers that indicate oxidative stress and neurotoxicity, namely catalase (CAT) in the liver, glutathione-s-transferases (GSTs) in the gills and cholinesterases (ChEs) in the head. The test organism was exposed to 5 different concentrations of each drugs under acute (96h) and chronic regimes (28d). For the acute exposure, besides the control (without drug), the concentrations used were 8, 80, 800, 8000, 80000 µg L-1 for paracetamol and 0.1, 1, 10, 100, 1000 µg L-1 for propranolol. For the chronic exposure the concentrations, apart from the control (without drug), were 5, 10, 20, 40, 80 μg L-1 for paracetamol and 0.0625, 0.125, 0.25, 0.5, 1 µg L-1 for propranolol. Acute exposure results showed increased GSTs activity for most concentrations of paracetamol (80, 800, 8000 and 80000 μg L-1) and propranolol (1, 10, 100 and 1000 μg L-1). ChEs had significant increase in activity for acute exposure to paracetamol (80 µg L-1). In the chronic exposure GSTs activity was significantly increased for propranolol (0.25 and 0.5 μg L-1). For the cellular stress biochemical marker, a protein that belongs to the HSP70 family, an increase in the level of immunolabeling was detected after the acute exposure to both paracetamol (8, 80, 800, 8000 e 80000 µg. L-1) and propranolol (1, 10, e 1000 µg L-1). On the other hand, after the chronic exposure a reduction in the level of HSP70 staining was detected after exposure to paracetamol (5, 10, 15, 20, 40, 80 µg L-1) and an increase after the exposure to propranolol (0,0625, 0,125, 0,25 e 0,5 µg L-1). The results obtained in this research indicate an effort of the organism towards recovering its homeostasis after being exposed to the compounds, whether that is through the attempt of getting rid of the xenobiotics and its metabolites (GSTs activity) or even through cellular protection (immunolabiling of HSP70). Thus, under the experimental condition adopted the fish P. harpagos presented alterations on both biochemical and cellular levels, indicating the organism’s primary response after exposure to these pharmaceuticals.
Reflexões sobre o habitus escolar de alunos do ensino fundamental I em seu processo de escolarização
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-03-28) Martins, Daniela Gimenez Faustino; Fernandes, Maria Cristina da Silveira Galan; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5786385589553214; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0148341594001271
This study aims to study the school habitus of elementary school students in a municipal school. The research is inserted in the discussions about the schooling process, more specifically, in the relation that is established between the school habitus, the practices of teachers and the family of students. The research problem investigates the contribution of the homework mediated by the family and school in the constitution of the school habitus of elementary school students and their contribution for the students' schooling process? The general objective of this research is therefore to analyze the school habitus of elementary school students in a municipal school in the outskirts of the city Serrana – SP, in order to understand their family and school relations with the students' schooling process. It is intended to identify in the routines, in the relations between the family and school institution, the strategies and practices that contribute to the dynamic consolidation of the school habitus. It seeks to identify and reflect on the possible existence of discipline, routines and arrangements for student studies within and outside the school environment and whether families and teachers enable practices that teach these students to study, promoting a school habitus and cultural capital school profitable. The research is based on the concept of habitus of the sociological theory of Pierre Bourdieu. For the collection of data, semi-structured interviews were conducted with teachers, parents or guardians of students and with students enrolled in a municipal elementary school. A total of 14 participants were interviewed. The data of the interviews were submitted to the content analysis and the results show that most of the students have dispositions for the studies, doing with certain frequency the activities inside and outside the school environment, but the routines and discipline established by the families are presented basically by through the development of homework, proposed by the teacher, with some family practices that teach them to study. However, despite their limitations on the possibility of school aid to children, families demonstrate the importance of these practices in the formation of their children / grandchildren. The data also indicate that the teachers believe that these dispositions, discipline and routines for the studies that make up the school habitus have an impact on the students' school performance, and present strategies in their pedagogical practices aiming at the consolidation of this habitus that has been demonstrated related to the students' profitability.
Poda e raleio da pimenteira para produção e qualidade de frutos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-03-28) Marchi, Luana Ferreira; Sala, Fernando César; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6771975466075202; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3977174572516802
Peppers are an important fruit vegetable, valued by farmers for their profitability and by consumers for their sensorial characteristics. Its production can be influenced by the management of the plant, through the number of stems and thinning of the fruits, aiming at quality and value aggregation. In this sense, the objective of this work was to evaluate the production, productivity and biometry of the fruits of the CCA 37701 strain of non-pungent (sweet) pepper cultivated in a protected environment through pruning of stems and fruit thinning. The experiment was carried out at the Agricultural Sciences Center of UFSCar-Araras-SP under a randomized block design, with four replications in a 2 x 2 pruning scheme (without pruning and pruning of the stems) and thinning (without thinning and thinning) of fruits). Four plants of each experimental plot were evaluated over eight harvests. The evaluated characteristics were: total number of fruits, total fruit mass, total average fruit mass, total productivity, number of commercial fruits, number of defective fruits, commercial fruit mass, average commercial fruit mass, percentage of commercial fruits , fresh mass of 10 fruits, dry mass of 10 fruits, percentage of dry mass, length, diameter, length / diameter ratio, fruit pulp thickness, number of loci, soluble solids content, pH, titratable total acidity and maturation. The data collected were submitted to analysis of variance and the means compared by the Tukey test. There was a significant interaction between the treatments for mean mass of total fruits, commercial fruit mass, average commercial fruit mass, percentage of fruit dry mass, average diameter, length / diameter ratio, titratable total acidity and maturation index. The treatments conducted with pruning, regardless of whether the fruits were thinned, provided higher total mass and diameter, but reduced the commercial mass. Therefore, pruning management is recommended to increase the average fruit mass and the diameter, and it can be used for the commercialization of fresh fruits.