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Ecologia de morcegos do Parque Estadual Carlos Botelho: estrutura da comunidade e interações com plantas em área de Mata Atlântica
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-05-25) Barbosa, Gedimar Pereira; Rocha, Vlamir José; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8044368595391973; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2837592495798413
Despite the historical exploitation and fragmentation of its native area, the Atlantic Forest still houses a significant diversity of wildlife species. Due to its importance for the maintenance of fauna representatives, getting knowledge of species diversity, and how they interact with each other and with the physical environment in strategic Atlantic Forest areas, is fundamental for effective species management and conservation plans. Thus, this study aimed to analyze the bat community from Carlos Botelho State Park (CBSP), a protected area with a high preserved Atlantic Forest and no ecological studies with bats until now. For this, we evaluated two aspects: (1) what is the influence of local altitude on bat abundance, species richness and diversity at CBSP and; (2) how the interaction network between bats and plants (flowers and fruits) is structured at the Park. In spite of varying considerably in abundance and species composition, species richness and alpha diversity of bats does not seem to be influenced by altitudinal variation found at CBSP area (1000 m). Measures of beta diversity indicate that the variation found in bat species composition between lower and higher altitude is driven more by species replacement between points (spatial turnover), than by orderly disaggregation of assemblages from the same species pool (nestedness). Through the analysis of a multilayer network of bat-plant interactions at CBSP, we found a nestedness pattern of interaction (NODF = 0.62, p < 0.0001) and few overlap on interactions between bats and flowers and bats and fruits. The results also showed that the bats A. geoffroyii, C. perspicillata and A. caudifer are central, acting as keystone species for the structure and maintenance of interaction network. In addition to filling an important knowledge gap for CBSP, by evaluating the bat species diversity in an area with no studies with bats until now, the results presented here reinforce the important of analyzing species diversity at spatial scales. Besides that, they help us to better understand the structure of bat-plant interaction networks in Atlantic Forests, and also which bat species are central to maintain these interactions. We suggest that more effective local conservation strategies should go beyond local diversity data, and also consider spatial variation and data on interactions between different species that comprise the natural systems.
Uma análise de aproximadores no Português Brasileiro na perspectiva da semântica formal
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-05-25) França, Mariana Nastri Perestrello de; Basso, Renato Miguel; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6984826176670527; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1702955099449583
The phenomenon of vagueness has been studied for centuries and is detected, among other characteristics, for creating the Sorites paradox. Vagueness is identified when we face the lack of precise limits of terms (or their use), as for example, ‘careca’ (‘bald’): where is the delimitation for someone to be, or not, characterized as bald? Could it be the delimitation the quantity of hair on one’s head that makes us say that one person is bald? If it is the quantity of hair that delimits this characteristic, what happens when one single hair stranded is added to one’s head; is the person not bald anymore?, or what if one single hair strand is removed from one’s head; has the person become bald? It seems that simply counting hair strands is not the solutions to our problem and doesn’t suit our purpose. Another matter debated regarding vagueness is about its origin, some authors believe that its nature is epsitemic: the objectis in the world that we refer to are vague; others say that its nature is linguistic: the terms used to refer to things are vague. Assuming the linguistic nature of vagueness as a problem on the terms or on use of the terms, Sauerland and Stateva (2011) elaborate a hypothesis to interpret this phenomenon, identifying two types of vagueness: (i) epistemic and (ii) scalar. As an argument in favor of this idea the authors propose the linguistic category of approximators: lexical items or construction that modify vague predicates making them more or less precise. Following this hypothesis, the approximators can be divided between two classes according to their compatibility with one of the two proposed types of vagueness. In this dissertation we aim to describe some approximators in Brazilian Portuguese (BP), and verify the duality of phenomenon in analysis, contributing to the description of (BP) and the comprehension of vagueness. In order to do so we delimit the vagueness phenomenon from the linguistic point of view separating it from other natural language phenomena; we then introduce a precise definition of vagueness and approximators and a method to investigate the linguistics mechanisms of the vague predicates, proposing a semantic and pragmatic description of some BP approximators.
Interação de nanotubos de carbono de paredes múltiplas com cádmio e seus efeitos em células de peixe-zebra in vitro
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-05-25) Morozesk, Mariana; Martinez, Diego Stéfani Teodoro; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4898006494427762; Fernandes, Marisa Narciso; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3021357484136942; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2349971989309678
Carbon nanotubes presence in the environment increases every year as a result of exponential production around the world. In aquatic environments, carbon nanotubes can interact with other pollutants based on their nanoadsorbent characteristics. Heavy metals ions represent one of the biggest concerns in water resources nowadays, as a consequence of anthropogenic actions, in which cadmium (Cd) is one of the most harmful metal for aquatic organisms. This study investigates the effects of oxidized multiwalled carbon nanotubes (ox-MWCNT), of Cd ions and two interaction protocols in zebrafish liver cell line (ZFL): Incubation Protocol A, the ox-MWCNT were incubated in RPMI/L-15 (Roswell Park Memorial Institute and Leibovitz's-15) medium + 10% FBS for 30 min (step 1) and, subsequently, the CdCl2 were added and incubated for more 30 min (step 2); and (B) Incubation Protocol B, the ox-MWCNT were incubated with CdCl2 for 30 min (step 1) and, thereafter, the RPMI/L-15 medium + 10% FBS were added and incubated for more 30 min (step 2). Ox-MWCNT were physical and chemical characterized and its Cd adsorption capacity and colloidal stability in cell culture medium were determined. Cytotoxicity was investigated by four assays and the necrosis and apoptosis events and cell cycle were determined using flow cytometer. Cd content and uptake in cells was analyzed and ten biochemical biomarkers and the effects on DNA damage were evaluated. In this study, Cd presence in medium did not interfere in the protein corona composition of ox-MWCNT but the order of interaction of FBS and Cd can change its colloidal stability and metal adsorption rate. This study demonstrates that ox-MWCNT can increase the ZFL content of cadmium. The treatment with only oxidized ox-MWCNT promotes depletion of catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione S-transferase and led to alterations in cell cycle with a reduction of cells in G2/M phase. The ox-MWCNT affects Cd toxicity probably due to a “Trojan horse” and synergistic effects of both contaminants and induce apoptosis and necrosis in ZFL cells. We verify that the two co-exposure treatments performed increases the biological cadmium effect in ROS production and led to more genotoxicity damage in DNA. Thus, we show that an alteration in the order protocol method used for ox-MWCNT and Cd interaction in in vitro assays can modify the MWCNT-metal complexes formed and led to different biological effects. This study evidence the modulation of ox-MWCNT on Cd biological effects and contributes to future co-exposure investigations and legislation about with nanomaterials interactions with aquatic pollutants.
Articulações entre a produção do espaço urbano e a gestão do social: agentes e escalas na produção do PMCMV em São Carlos/SP
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-05-25) Breda, Thalles Vichiato; Georges, Isabel Pauline Hildegard; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8496471825849003; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5354724785221926
This work copes with different processes of urban space production (“down” and “up”) and their relations to the land use, spatial planning, and to the social arrangement found in peripheral and poor areas – resulting of the integrated actions of the state, the capital, and other distinct social actors, such as public-private partnerships – which give sense to the local everyday life, specifically in the contemporaneous periphery of the city of Sao Carlos (state of Sao Paulo, Brazil). This thesis aimed to comprehend from the Federal Programa Minha Casa Minha Vida, Class 1(PMCMV-1), the urban space production and its processes of social arrangement in their varied scales, in the neighborhoods Jd. Zavaglia and Eduardo Abdelnur, through the state and its interrelations with other agents: real estate, non-profit sector, and residents. Also, processes of appropriation and reproduction of daily urban life by these residents, in the physical and symbolic dimensions, were considered. This study was carried through three main scales: federal, municipal, and local. In the federal scale, it was observed the juridical composition of the Program, the ways of production, and its target market. Specifically, the conceptual structure behind the indicators related to the habitational deficits and demands, and in which way they are related to the program productive chain and, consequently, to the urban space production and social arrangement, were analysed. The same structure with respect to the housing indicators was observed under the municipal scale. We wanted to understand why the municipality had produced an unexpected high number of residences though the PMCMV. Complementarily, we identified how the public and private agents acted towards the materialization of the studied neighborhoods. Lastly, in the local scale, ethnographic incursions were conducted in the two mentioned neighborhoods, through formal and informal interviews. Thereby, we made an analytical effort to think and understand the role of the PMCMV and its relations to the urban space, to the social arrangement, to private and non-profit sectors, and, finally, to the assisted population, addressing to comprehend: the current state plan under the neoliberalism and lulismo contexts, and the contours or limits of the public-private, legal-illegal, formal and informal relations. Some of the main research findings are: (i) the PMCMV presents a “super production by demand”, aiming to meet the real estate interests rather than the housing deficit; (ii) the public and private agents seems to work with harmony with the market needs at both national and municipal levels; (iii) the social policies tend to privatizing their financings and outsourcing their actions, leading to a private social management and a private urban space production through private institutions, such as general contractors and NGOs; (iv) the private management, sometimes called as mediation agent, is imbued with moralization, depoliticization of the state, and is accompanied with the introduction of business management practices; (v) the access to the social rights seems to be understood from a chance or individual merit point of view; and, finally (vi) a neoliberal ideology seems to be present in some levels of contemporary life, from social politics to the production of the neoliberal individual, presenting a continuous dynamic and porous infection between the spheres.
Isolamento e caracterização de enzimas ligninolíticas expressas pelos fungos Chaetomium cupreum URM 5066 e Mucor racemosus CBMAI 847
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-05-25) Dionizio, Bruna Soares; Souza, Dulce Helena Ferreira de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3428955299526003; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6800693568957370
The degradation of lignin, which together with cellulose and hemicellulose constitutes the cell wall of plants, is generally hampered by its complex structure, its high molecular weight and its insolubility. However, fungi are able to degrade the lignocellulosic biomass by employing specific enzymes such as Laccases, Manganese peroxidases and Lignin peroxidases. This work aimed to identify and purify ligninolytic enzymes produced by four fungi: Mucor racemosus CBMAI 847, Penicillium oxalicum CBMAI 1996, Penicillium sp. FPZSP 151 and Chaetomium cupreum URM 5066. Through plaque activity using ABTS as substrate it was observed that C. cupreum and M. racemosus are the best producers of oxidases. The two fungi were then selected and cultivated in liquid medium, with the highest values of enzymatic activity observed on the 7th day of growth for both, and presenting 37.50±2.67 U L-1 for C. cupreum and 0.231±0.007 U L-1 for M. racemosus. It was possible to purify four enzymes present in the crude extract of M. racemosus, which have activity with veratryl alcohol, indicating that they may be lignins peroxidases. Three oxidases present in the crude extract of C. cupreum were purified and characterized, which have activity with substrates ABTS and SYR, at least one of the enzymes belonging to the subclass of laccases. Qualitative tests demonstrated that the enzymes produced by C. cupreum fungus were capable of degrading lignin. The results obtained in this work show that the fungi M. racemosus and C. cupreum are ligninolytic enzymes producers and that C. cupreum fungus has great potential for application in biotechnological processes, acting in the degradation of lignins. Moreover this is the first time that a purification of oxidases enzymes expressed by these fungi is reported.
Consequências geométricas de processos dependentes de densidade em mexilhões e sua influência na biodiversidade de costões rochosos tropicais
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-05-25) Fonseca, Daniel Gonçalves da; Tanaka, Marcel Okamoto; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2768658925977757; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7623315609149062
Rocky shore communities represent an important component of the biodiversity in coastal regions, but are subject to environmental impacts resulting from anthropogenic activities. Thus, understanding the mechanisms involved in regulating the populations of these organisms is necessary to predict responses to the various impacts to which these communities are subject. In the intertidal zone, mussels form bands that can harbor high diversity of associated organisms. Density increases in mussel populations, due to the intensity of intraspecific competition, can result in self-thinning processes (ST) that affect individual morphometry and, consequently, habitat availability for the associated fauna. This thesis consists of three chapters focused on incorporating the effects of the formation of individual layers in this cascade of effects (ST - individual morphometry - habitat availability). In the first chapter, we evaluated the relation of ST in two sympatric species of mussels with different environmental tolerances, using a tridimensional model with density measurements that incorporate the presence of layers. The tridimensional model better described the biometric responses to density increases in relation to the bidimensional models traditionally used to describe the ST relation, by incorporating the number of layers and a measurement of effective density. In the second chapter, the same measurements were used to evaluate the influence of density increase on the morphometric variation of the mussels. Again, density indicators derived from the tridimensional model were more effective in estimating intraspecific competition when there was overlap of individuals in the rocky shore. The layers can act as a mechanism of competitive relief and favor the growth of mussels. In the third chapter, we evaluated whether these new biometric indicators derived from the tridimensional ST model would be better descriptors of the structure of communities associated with mussel beds. We found that, even at a reduced scale (10 cm), the layers add physical structures that influence the distribution of the fauna and favor their abundance and richness. Therefore, the use of traditional density measures may result in the inability to detect effects of density-dependent processes in populations with spatial overlap of individuals. New models that better describe the packaging of individuals can contribute to a better understanding not only of population responses to increased density, but also provide a better description of the diversity of the associated fauna.
Propagação in vitro de orquídeas Phalaenopsis por segmentos de inflorescências e embriogênese somática
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-05-25) Zanello, Cesar Augusto; Cardoso, Jean Carlos; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3681181863704059; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3288599533575163
The orchids of the genus Phalaenopsis are the most important in the segment of potted flowers in the national floriculture, being currently leader in volume of production and commercialization. However, obtaining genetic and phytosanitary quality seedlings at a competitive price has been one of the main obstacles for producers. Thus, the establishment of protocols of commercial applicability and that aim the production of clonal seedlings of hybrids is of great interest for the self-sufficiency of this sector. For this, micropropagation, through the production of somatic embryos (PLBs) or adventitious buds in somatic tissue segments in vitro, may be a viable alternative for the production of Phalaenopsis seedlings. This work aimed to establish efficient micropropagation protocols for Phalaenopsis hybrids using shoot induction techniques in inflorescence segments and induction and regeneration of somatic embryos (PLBs) in vitro from leaf segments of commercial hybrids. Based on the results, it was concluded that the use of the NDM culture medium plus 0.1 g L-1 inositol, 20 g L-1 sucrose, 0.1 mg L-1 NAA, 1.0 mg L-1 of BA, 1.5 mg L-1 of GA3, pH 5.7, is the most suitable for propagation of Phalaenopsis using inflorescence segments in the induction of shoots in vitro, being able to generate up to 1.7 shoots / segment and 71.5% of living segments. The contamination of the segments of inflorescence by yeast was the main difficulty found, reaching an average of 30% of contaminated segments. As for the induction of PLBs from leaf segments, the use of plant regulators BA and TDZ at a concentration of 1.5 mg L-1 each was beneficial for the regeneration of PLBs, whereas the different salt formulations used (MS and NDM) had little influence. The best results were 41% of regenerating segments and up to 5.3 PLBs / segment with the use of leaves with 20 days of subcultivation segmented in Thin Cell Layer. Under the culture conditions evaluated, it was not possible to obtain embryos using as explant segments of young leaves collected from plants under greenhouse conditions. According to the results, it was possible to prove the influence of the genotype factor on the induction and regeneration of PLBs.
Proposta de melhoria do processo tradicional de inteligência e do subprocesso de coleta de documentos de patente: estudo de caso no Núcleo de Informação Tecnológica em Materiais
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-05-25) Bessi, Nayara Cristini; Amaral, Roniberto Morato do; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6958372164719600; Oprime, Pedro Carlos; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9291517431456908; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4926716777749536
Technical Intelligence and Information Quality are areas of knowledge that are important for decision making in the organizational context. Some challenges that deserve attention emerges when we approach both areas. First, in the up-to-date scenario of high volumes of data and information, the collectors are running information practices to facilitate the retrieval of accurate data and information for decision making. This goal aggravates when intelligence is direction of the functions for science and the technology, as is the Technical Intelligence. The tesis of this research is that tools, models, and methodologies, especially those used in the management and improvement of the quality process, manufactured products and services , also used by Quality of Information, can be applied to the process of Technical Intelligence to improve it. Although recent research points to the possibility of evaluating and improving Information Quality through methodologies used in Quality Management, these do not correlate directly with Technical Intelligence. The focus of the improvement was to optimize the levels of precision of the collection of patent documents by applying and inserting Quality Management contributions through the Define Measure Analyze Improve Control approach. The method adopted was the case study and the case unit the Nucleus of Technological Information in Materials of the Federal University of São Carlos. The development of the research comprised the stages of: a) definition of a conceptual-theoretical structure through literature mappings; b) planning the case; c) execution of the case, by mapping the processes, by developing an experimental method to increase the precision of the results of the collection, the survey, prioritization and proposals for improvements of the causes of low precision; d) elaboration of a new process incorporating the improvements. The results obtained were: a) model of intelligence process; b) subprocess model of collecting patent documents; c) proposals for corrective actions for improvements; d) choosing the best collection scenario; e) incorporation of the proposals into a new subprocess. It is concluded that the mapped processes are instruments that can be used by organizations and managers to more effectively manage the intelligence activity and collection of patent documents, being able to act as a driver for the implementation of activities, in the execution of training, in addition to allow greater knowledge and greater systemic vision of the activity and to solve incremental and radical problems and improvements. The new collection model can also be implemented to choose the patent databases to be used in Text Mining and Data Mining activities for Technical Intelligence.