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Ecologia de morcegos do Parque Estadual Carlos Botelho: estrutura da comunidade e interações com plantas em área de Mata Atlântica
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-05-25)
Barbosa, Gedimar Pereira
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Rocha, Vlamir José
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8044368595391973
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2837592495798413
Despite the historical exploitation and fragmentation of its native area, the Atlantic Forest still houses a significant diversity of wildlife species. Due to its importance for the maintenance of fauna representatives, getting knowledge of species diversity, and how they interact with each other and with the physical environment in strategic Atlantic Forest areas, is fundamental for effective species management and conservation plans. Thus, this study aimed to analyze the bat community from Carlos Botelho State Park (CBSP), a protected area with a high preserved Atlantic Forest and no ecological studies with bats until now. For this, we evaluated two aspects: (1) what is the influence of local altitude on bat abundance, species richness and diversity at CBSP and; (2) how the interaction network between bats and plants (flowers and fruits) is structured at the Park. In spite of varying considerably in abundance and species composition, species richness and alpha diversity of bats does not seem to be influenced by altitudinal variation found at CBSP area (1000 m). Measures of beta diversity indicate that the variation found in bat species composition between lower and higher altitude is driven more by species replacement between points (spatial turnover), than by orderly disaggregation of assemblages from the same species pool (nestedness). Through the analysis of a multilayer network of bat-plant interactions at CBSP, we found a nestedness pattern of interaction (NODF = 0.62, p < 0.0001) and few overlap on interactions between bats and flowers and bats and fruits. The results also showed that the bats A. geoffroyii, C. perspicillata and A. caudifer are central, acting as keystone species for the structure and maintenance of interaction network. In addition to filling an important knowledge gap for CBSP, by evaluating the bat species diversity in an area with no studies with bats until now, the results presented here reinforce the important of analyzing species diversity at spatial scales. Besides that, they help us to better understand the structure of bat-plant interaction networks in Atlantic Forests, and also which bat species are central to maintain these interactions. We suggest that more effective local conservation strategies should go beyond local diversity data, and also consider spatial variation and data on interactions between different species that comprise the natural systems.
Proposta de melhoria do processo tradicional de inteligência e do subprocesso de coleta de documentos de patente: estudo de caso no Núcleo de Informação Tecnológica em Materiais
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-05-25)
Bessi, Nayara Cristini
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Amaral, Roniberto Morato do
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6958372164719600
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Oprime, Pedro Carlos
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9291517431456908
Technical Intelligence and Information Quality are areas of knowledge that are important for decision making in the organizational context. Some challenges that deserve attention emerges when we approach both areas. First, in the up-to-date scenario of high volumes of data and information, the collectors are running information practices to facilitate the retrieval of accurate data and information for decision making. This goal aggravates when intelligence is direction of the functions for science and the technology, as is the Technical Intelligence. The tesis of this research is that tools, models, and methodologies, especially those used in the management and improvement of the quality process, manufactured products and services , also used by Quality of Information, can be applied to the process of Technical Intelligence to improve it. Although recent research points to the possibility of evaluating and improving Information Quality through methodologies used in Quality Management, these do not correlate directly with Technical Intelligence. The focus of the improvement was to optimize the levels of precision of the collection of patent documents by applying and inserting Quality Management contributions through the Define Measure Analyze Improve Control approach. The method adopted was the case study and the case unit the Nucleus of Technological Information in Materials of the Federal University of São Carlos. The development of the research comprised the stages of: a) definition of a conceptual-theoretical structure through literature mappings; b) planning the case; c) execution of the case, by mapping the processes, by developing an experimental method to increase the precision of the results of the collection, the survey, prioritization and proposals for improvements of the causes of low precision; d) elaboration of a new process incorporating the improvements. The results obtained were: a) model of intelligence process; b) subprocess model of collecting patent documents; c) proposals for corrective actions for improvements; d) choosing the best collection scenario; e) incorporation of the proposals into a new subprocess. It is concluded that the mapped processes are instruments that can be used by organizations and managers to more effectively manage the intelligence activity and collection of patent documents, being able to act as a driver for the implementation of activities, in the execution of training, in addition to allow greater knowledge and greater systemic vision of the activity and to solve incremental and radical problems and improvements. The new collection model can also be implemented to choose the patent databases to be used in Text Mining and Data Mining activities for Technical Intelligence.
Uma análise de aproximadores no Português Brasileiro na perspectiva da semântica formal
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-05-25)
França, Mariana Nastri Perestrello de
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Basso, Renato Miguel
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6984826176670527
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1702955099449583
The phenomenon of vagueness has been studied for centuries and is detected, among other characteristics, for creating the Sorites paradox. Vagueness is identified when we face the lack of precise limits of terms (or their use), as for example, ‘careca’ (‘bald’): where is the delimitation for someone to be, or not, characterized as bald? Could it be the delimitation the quantity of hair on one’s head that makes us say that one person is bald? If it is the quantity of hair that delimits this characteristic, what happens when one single hair stranded is added to one’s head; is the person not bald anymore?, or what if one single hair strand is removed from one’s head; has the person become bald? It seems that simply counting hair strands is not the solutions to our problem and doesn’t suit our purpose. Another matter debated regarding vagueness is about its origin, some authors believe that its nature is epsitemic: the objectis in the world that we refer to are vague; others say that its nature is linguistic: the terms used to refer to things are vague. Assuming the linguistic nature of vagueness as a problem on the terms or on use of the terms, Sauerland and Stateva (2011) elaborate a hypothesis to interpret this phenomenon, identifying two types of vagueness: (i) epistemic and (ii) scalar. As an argument in favor of this idea the authors propose the linguistic category of approximators: lexical items or construction that modify vague predicates making them more or less precise. Following this hypothesis, the approximators can be divided between two classes according to their compatibility with one of the two proposed types of vagueness. In this dissertation we aim to describe some approximators in Brazilian Portuguese (BP), and verify the duality of phenomenon in analysis, contributing to the description of (BP) and the comprehension of vagueness. In order to do so we delimit the vagueness phenomenon from the linguistic point of view separating it from other natural language phenomena; we then introduce a precise definition of vagueness and approximators and a method to investigate the linguistics mechanisms of the vague predicates, proposing a semantic and pragmatic description of some BP approximators.
Articulações entre a produção do espaço urbano e a gestão do social: agentes e escalas na produção do PMCMV em São Carlos/SP
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-05-25)
Breda, Thalles Vichiato
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Georges, Isabel Pauline Hildegard
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8496471825849003
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5354724785221926
This work copes with different processes of urban space production (“down” and “up”) and their relations to the land use, spatial planning, and to the social arrangement found in peripheral and poor areas – resulting of the integrated actions of the state, the capital, and other distinct social actors, such as public-private partnerships – which give sense to the local everyday life, specifically in the contemporaneous periphery of the city of Sao Carlos (state of Sao Paulo, Brazil). This thesis aimed to comprehend from the Federal Programa Minha Casa Minha Vida, Class 1(PMCMV-1), the urban space production and its processes of social arrangement in their varied scales, in the neighborhoods Jd. Zavaglia and Eduardo Abdelnur, through the state and its interrelations with other agents: real estate, non-profit sector, and residents. Also, processes of appropriation and reproduction of daily urban life by these residents, in the physical and symbolic dimensions, were considered. This study was carried through three main scales: federal, municipal, and local. In the federal scale, it was observed the juridical composition of the Program, the ways of production, and its target market. Specifically, the conceptual structure behind the indicators related to the habitational deficits and demands, and in which way they are related to the program productive chain and, consequently, to the urban space production and social arrangement, were analysed. The same structure with respect to the housing indicators was observed under the municipal scale. We wanted to understand why the municipality had produced an unexpected high number of residences though the PMCMV. Complementarily, we identified how the public and private agents acted towards the materialization of the studied neighborhoods. Lastly, in the local scale, ethnographic incursions were conducted in the two mentioned neighborhoods, through formal and informal interviews. Thereby, we made an analytical effort to think and understand the role of the PMCMV and its relations to the urban space, to the social arrangement, to private and non-profit sectors, and, finally, to the assisted population, addressing to comprehend: the current state plan under the neoliberalism and lulismo contexts, and the contours or limits of the public-private, legal-illegal, formal and informal relations. Some of the main research findings are: (i) the PMCMV presents a “super production by demand”, aiming to meet the real estate interests rather than the housing deficit; (ii) the public and private agents seems to work with harmony with the market needs at both national and municipal levels; (iii) the social policies tend to privatizing their financings and outsourcing their actions, leading to a private social management and a private urban space production through private institutions, such as general contractors and NGOs; (iv) the private management, sometimes called as mediation agent, is imbued with moralization, depoliticization of the state, and is accompanied with the introduction of business management practices; (v) the access to the social rights seems to be understood from a chance or individual merit point of view; and, finally (vi) a neoliberal ideology seems to be present in some levels of contemporary life, from social politics to the production of the neoliberal individual, presenting a continuous dynamic and porous infection between the spheres.
Interação de nanotubos de carbono de paredes múltiplas com cádmio e seus efeitos em células de peixe-zebra in vitro
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-05-25)
Morozesk, Mariana
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Martinez, Diego Stéfani Teodoro
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4898006494427762
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Fernandes, Marisa Narciso
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3021357484136942
Carbon nanotubes presence in the environment increases every year as a result of exponential production around the world. In aquatic environments, carbon nanotubes can interact with other pollutants based on their nanoadsorbent characteristics. Heavy metals ions represent one of the biggest concerns in water resources nowadays, as a consequence of anthropogenic actions, in which cadmium (Cd) is one of the most harmful metal for aquatic organisms. This study investigates the effects of oxidized multiwalled carbon nanotubes (ox-MWCNT), of Cd ions and two interaction protocols in zebrafish liver cell line (ZFL): Incubation Protocol A, the ox-MWCNT were incubated in RPMI/L-15 (Roswell Park Memorial Institute and Leibovitz's-15) medium + 10% FBS for 30 min (step 1) and, subsequently, the CdCl2 were added and incubated for more 30 min (step 2); and (B) Incubation Protocol B, the ox-MWCNT were incubated with CdCl2 for 30 min (step 1) and, thereafter, the RPMI/L-15 medium + 10% FBS were added and incubated for more 30 min (step 2). Ox-MWCNT were physical and chemical characterized and its Cd adsorption capacity and colloidal stability in cell culture medium were determined. Cytotoxicity was investigated by four assays and the necrosis and apoptosis events and cell cycle were determined using flow cytometer. Cd content and uptake in cells was analyzed and ten biochemical biomarkers and the effects on DNA damage were evaluated. In this study, Cd presence in medium did not interfere in the protein corona composition of ox-MWCNT but the order of interaction of FBS and Cd can change its colloidal stability and metal adsorption rate. This study demonstrates that ox-MWCNT can increase the ZFL content of cadmium. The treatment with only oxidized ox-MWCNT promotes depletion of catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione S-transferase and led to alterations in cell cycle with a reduction of cells in G2/M phase. The ox-MWCNT affects Cd toxicity probably due to a “Trojan horse” and synergistic effects of both contaminants and induce apoptosis and necrosis in ZFL cells. We verify that the two co-exposure treatments performed increases the biological cadmium effect in ROS production and led to more genotoxicity damage in DNA. Thus, we show that an alteration in the order protocol method used for ox-MWCNT and Cd interaction in in vitro assays can modify the MWCNT-metal complexes formed and led to different biological effects. This study evidence the modulation of ox-MWCNT on Cd biological effects and contributes to future co-exposure investigations and legislation about with nanomaterials interactions with aquatic pollutants.
Consequências geométricas de processos dependentes de densidade em mexilhões e sua influência na biodiversidade de costões rochosos tropicais
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-05-25)
Fonseca, Daniel Gonçalves da
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Tanaka, Marcel Okamoto
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2768658925977757
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7623315609149062
Rocky shore communities represent an important component of the biodiversity in coastal regions, but are subject to environmental impacts resulting from anthropogenic activities. Thus, understanding the mechanisms involved in regulating the populations of these organisms is necessary to predict responses to the various impacts to which these communities are subject. In the intertidal zone, mussels form bands that can harbor high diversity of associated organisms. Density increases in mussel populations, due to the intensity of intraspecific competition, can result in self-thinning processes (ST) that affect individual morphometry and, consequently, habitat availability for the associated fauna. This thesis consists of three chapters focused on incorporating the effects of the formation of individual layers in this cascade of effects (ST - individual morphometry - habitat availability). In the first chapter, we evaluated the relation of ST in two sympatric species of mussels with different environmental tolerances, using a tridimensional model with density measurements that incorporate the presence of layers. The tridimensional model better described the biometric responses to density increases in relation to the bidimensional models traditionally used to describe the ST relation, by incorporating the number of layers and a measurement of effective density. In the second chapter, the same measurements were used to evaluate the influence of density increase on the morphometric variation of the mussels. Again, density indicators derived from the tridimensional model were more effective in estimating intraspecific competition when there was overlap of individuals in the rocky shore. The layers can act as a mechanism of competitive relief and favor the growth of mussels. In the third chapter, we evaluated whether these new biometric indicators derived from the tridimensional ST model would be better descriptors of the structure of communities associated with mussel beds. We found that, even at a reduced scale (10 cm), the layers add physical structures that influence the distribution of the fauna and favor their abundance and richness. Therefore, the use of traditional density measures may result in the inability to detect effects of density-dependent processes in populations with spatial overlap of individuals. New models that better describe the packaging of individuals can contribute to a better understanding not only of population responses to increased density, but also provide a better description of the diversity of the associated fauna.
Isolamento e caracterização de enzimas ligninolíticas expressas pelos fungos Chaetomium cupreum URM 5066 e Mucor racemosus CBMAI 847
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-05-25)
Dionizio, Bruna Soares
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Souza, Dulce Helena Ferreira de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3428955299526003
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6800693568957370
The degradation of lignin, which together with cellulose and hemicellulose constitutes the cell wall of plants, is generally hampered by its complex structure, its high molecular weight and its insolubility. However, fungi are able to degrade the lignocellulosic biomass by employing specific enzymes such as Laccases, Manganese peroxidases and Lignin peroxidases. This work aimed to identify and purify ligninolytic enzymes produced by four fungi: Mucor racemosus CBMAI 847, Penicillium oxalicum CBMAI 1996, Penicillium sp. FPZSP 151 and Chaetomium cupreum URM 5066. Through plaque activity using ABTS as substrate it was observed that C. cupreum and M. racemosus are the best producers of oxidases. The two fungi were then selected and cultivated in liquid medium, with the highest values of enzymatic activity observed on the 7th day of growth for both, and presenting 37.50±2.67 U L-1 for C. cupreum and 0.231±0.007 U L-1 for M. racemosus. It was possible to purify four enzymes present in the crude extract of M. racemosus, which have activity with veratryl alcohol, indicating that they may be lignins peroxidases. Three oxidases present in the crude extract of C. cupreum were purified and characterized, which have activity with substrates ABTS and SYR, at least one of the enzymes belonging to the subclass of laccases. Qualitative tests demonstrated that the enzymes produced by C. cupreum fungus were capable of degrading lignin. The results obtained in this work show that the fungi M. racemosus and C. cupreum are ligninolytic enzymes producers and that C. cupreum fungus has great potential for application in biotechnological processes, acting in the degradation of lignins. Moreover this is the first time that a purification of oxidases enzymes expressed by these fungi is reported.
Propagação in vitro de orquídeas Phalaenopsis por segmentos de inflorescências e embriogênese somática
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-05-25)
Zanello, Cesar Augusto
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Cardoso, Jean Carlos
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3681181863704059
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3288599533575163
The orchids of the genus Phalaenopsis are the most important in the segment of potted flowers in the national floriculture, being currently leader in volume of production and commercialization. However, obtaining genetic and phytosanitary quality seedlings at a competitive price has been one of the main obstacles for producers. Thus, the establishment of protocols of commercial applicability and that aim the production of clonal seedlings of hybrids is of great interest for the self-sufficiency of this sector. For this, micropropagation, through the production of somatic embryos (PLBs) or adventitious buds in somatic tissue segments in vitro, may be a viable alternative for the production of Phalaenopsis seedlings. This work aimed to establish efficient micropropagation protocols for Phalaenopsis hybrids using shoot induction techniques in inflorescence segments and induction and regeneration of somatic embryos (PLBs) in vitro from leaf segments of commercial hybrids. Based on the results, it was concluded that the use of the NDM culture medium plus 0.1 g L-1 inositol, 20 g L-1 sucrose, 0.1 mg L-1 NAA, 1.0 mg L-1 of BA, 1.5 mg L-1 of GA3, pH 5.7, is the most suitable for propagation of Phalaenopsis using inflorescence segments in the induction of shoots in vitro, being able to generate up to 1.7 shoots / segment and 71.5% of living segments. The contamination of the segments of inflorescence by yeast was the main difficulty found, reaching an average of 30% of contaminated segments. As for the induction of PLBs from leaf segments, the use of plant regulators BA and TDZ at a concentration of 1.5 mg L-1 each was beneficial for the regeneration of PLBs, whereas the different salt formulations used (MS and NDM) had little influence. The best results were 41% of regenerating segments and up to 5.3 PLBs / segment with the use of leaves with 20 days of subcultivation segmented in Thin Cell Layer. Under the culture conditions evaluated, it was not possible to obtain embryos using as explant segments of young leaves collected from plants under greenhouse conditions. According to the results, it was possible to prove the influence of the genotype factor on the induction and regeneration of PLBs.
Termodinâmica de buracos negros de Schwarzschild
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-05-28)
Santi, Natali Soler Matubaro de
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Santarelli, Raphael
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3591899759824320
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3869697280207128
This dissertation consists of a review about some aspects of Schwarzschild black hole thermodynamics and includes a discussion related to the temporal evolution of the masses of these black holes in a thermodynamic context. We started studying some aspects of general relativity, verifying some properties first in Minkowski space-time, from perspective of an accelerated observer, and then in Schwarzschild space-time. After that we moved to quantum field theory in curved spaces, starting with the Unruh effect as a motivation for the Hawking radiation, which is the main goal of this work, deducing the temperature for a Schwarzschild black hole. Later we presented the laws of the black hole thermodynamics and an analogy with classical thermodynamics laws. Lastly, we discussed the temporal evolution of the masses of Schwarzschild black holes for different initial values and environment conditions: empty space, cosmic microwave background with constant temperature and with temperature varying with time according with the eras of the universe.
Germinação de sementes de Rubus sellowii e micropropagação de Morus nigra
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-05-28)
Duarte, Willian Naves
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Cardoso, Jean Carlos
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3681181863704059
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3146159019158911
Sexual and vegetative propagation are the main methods of perpetuating plant species. Despite its importance in propagation, seeds of some species do not germinate even under favorable conditions, as is the case of seeds of the genus Rubus, situation called dormancy. Experiments were carried out to characterize and overcome dormancy in R. sellowii seeds. During the seed imbibition process, was observed a barrier for water absorption. For the chemical scarification of the seeds, NaClO and H2SO4 were evaluated. NaClO was not efficient for tegument scarification. Treatment with H2SO4 for 20 min showed 50% seed germination and a higher rate of germination. It was also carried out the sowing, without scarification, in a tray containing substrate the base of pinus bark and kept in greenhouse. Seedling emergence started 70 days after sowing, reaching 50% after 370 days. Experiments were also carried out with the micropropagation of Morus nigra, considering the nonviability of commercial seed propagation. It was observed that in vitro cultivation of explants in the absence of phyto-regulators produced seedlings ready for the acclimatization phase. In the acclimatization, we tried to verify the best growing environment (growth room or greenhouse) and in vitro culture time. Growing for 28 days in the growing room resulted in plants with higher height (9.2 cm), number (4.8) and leaf diameter (3.23 cm), an essential condition for efficient acclimatization. For the somatic embryogenesis, calli of nodal explants of M. nigra were obtained with the use of naphthalene-acetic acid (ANA) or benzyladenine (BA), under light or dark conditions. Both presented similar callus induction rates. For the induction of somatic embryogenesis, twelve culture media were used for the induction of embryogenic calli. It was possible to obtain them in media containing BA, 2,4-D and coconut water. These were cultivated in liquid medium of maturation, in which they presented the development of globular structures of cream coloring. These globular structures have multiplied, acquiring green pigmentation when grown on sucrose or glucose as aviii carbon source. However, there was no subsequent development or regeneration in seedlings.
Metapesquisa em ensino e aprendizagem de línguas: um estudo modelar com foco em interação
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-05-28)
Freitas, Mirelle da Silva
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Viana, Nelson
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6252579012192711
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5336541959141675
The growing number of academic studies in all fields of study and, therefore, in Language Teaching (LT), raises an issue about how to synthesize systematically and in an organized way this myriad of knowledge in a way that allows and boosts science advances, so that investigations (and researchers themselves) do not become a plethora of unordered information – which can result in waste of time and/or investment in areas well settled. Hence, research synthesis arises as a methodology which is capable to fulfill this need, as its aim is to systematically organize knowledge about a certain theme and make it available for the ones interested in it. This study presents research synthesis as a research methodology, highlighting its features and providing directions for those who are interested in doing this kind of investigation under the qualitative paradigm. In order to do so, beyond characterizing this methodology, it also presents a study on interaction, clarifying and critically discussing the steps that should be taken in a qualitative research synthesis. The theme resulted from the growing number of studies in language teaching and its consequent need to organize the information in them, so that LT research can better help the development of theories and practices regarding language learning. This study highlights how organizing information systemically (through research synthesis) can broaden the content and effectiveness of knowledge developed in LT, so that we can circumvent: wasting productive time and resources, gathering practical knowledge distributed in university libraries; and, consequently, help interpret research results, which could help comprehension and impact practice. Furthermore, the data analyzed has its focus on interaction and shows the urge to rethink language pedagogical practices, so that language classrooms can enable students to be active subjects in society, connecting language teaching and language use. Research synthesis and interaction ‘in the wild’ demand more studies to enable the field to contribute more to the language learning area in countries where we face great challenges in this field.
Melhorando o balanceamento de carga em ambientes virtualizados usando a correlação de Pearson
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-05-29)
Moraes Filho, Nilson Rubens de
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Verdi, Fábio Luciano
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9143186843657940
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2854291919018898
Virtualization is one of the foundations of cloud computing as it allows better utilization of computing resources in a data center. There are different virtualization approaches that offer similar functionality, but with different levels of abstraction and methods. In this sense we can mention the use of Virtual Machines and containers. We define Virtual Element (VE) as a virtual machine or a container, and we will use this concept to make our load balancing approach generic. Load balancing can be achieved through live migration of VEs, reducing energy consumption, enabling better distribution of computational resources and allowing customers to move VEs from a cloud provider to another one that may offer better SLA or costs. There are some methods that addresses the load balancing improvement in a data center. One of them applies the Pearson correlation coefficient related to CPU usage, to migrate VEs from an overloaded host to another that have better availability of resources. The Pearson correlation coefficient estimates the dependency level between quantities. Yet, live migration is a virtualization feature that allows a VE to be transferred from one equipment to another, keeping the active processes running. However, to migrate a VE that has strong dependency with the internal network traffic from a host, can create an increase in the overall network consumption due to the migration of the VE to another server, topologically distant from the current host. This dissertation defines a heuristic that has as objective improve the migration decision process of VEs. The heuristic applies Pearson's correlation coefficient and takes in consideration not only CPU consumption, but also the internal network traffic between VEs. Results shown that the application of the heuristic improved the decision process in at least 18% compared to a method that considers only CPU correlation coefficient.
Expedição Campina dos Leites: uma construção participativa sob a ótica do jovem morador local
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-05-29)
Toricelli, Bruna
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Prado, Bárbara Heliodora Soares do
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3780645255574120
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Rancura, Kátia Gisele de Oliveira
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3411342699974945
In research around environmental education and conservation, the great challenge for the researcher is the popularization of scientific knowledge and the engagement of people on socio-environmental issues, which requires a contextualized approach and strategies that involve values and social participation. For this, this study resorted to the principles of Action Research together with the Socio-environmental Educommunication and the Verde Perto methodology. The objective was to strengthen the bonds of belonging of young people in a rural neighborhood, located in the surroundings of the Ecological Station of Angatuba, with the place where they live and get them to express their opinions and perceptions by means of a documentary video. The research, of qualitative character, was based on the principles of Critical Environmental Education, since the social actors involved were approached as the original source of knowledge. Through a diagnosis was drawn the profile of the young public of the neighborhood and recognized the initial perceptions of these residents by the region. From this information the other steps were developed, which extended over nine months. In this period, the researcher met periodically with the group of young residents to dialogue, discuss ideas, exchange experiences and knowledge, carrying out various socio-environmental activities with them. These meetings, in addition to motivating the reflection, autonomy and the role of young people, have subsidized the elaboration by the group of the documentary video, which presents socio-environmental, historical and cultural aspects of the neighborhood under the optics of them, this being the main product of this research. The video was released to the entire local community and made available in various social media. In addition, it was accepted in the 9th show of Circuito Tela Verde and will be displayed in various places of the country and the world. In the end, it was possible to conclude that the methodologies employed were essential to strengthen the relationships of the young people with each other and with the place where they live. The participants of this study are expected to remain protagonists of their own history and that this research serves as an inspiration for other similar works, to engaging new social actors in the discussion of socio-environmental problems.
Síntese e caracterização de Complexos de Pd(II) com potencial atividade citotóxica e inibidores das enzimas Topoisomerase II
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-05-29)
Lima, Mauro Almeida
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Rocha, Fillipe Vieira
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5841127259122766
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1279908852811896
It is known that cancer is a set of more than 100 diseases which are the second largest cause of death in the world. There are several factors related to the growth of tumors, showing different pathway for the planning of new compounds with distinct mechanisms of action. A good example is topoisomerase II enzyme that is overexpressed in some types of cancer, such as lung and breast, in order to afford compounds that act on the enzyme to obtain a better selectivity. In this sense, thiosemicarbazones are presented as possible enzymatic inhibitors, since they have structural features that maximize the interaction with the target. However, it has been observed that thiosemicarbazones demonstrate greater inhibitory capacity when complexed, especially when they form planar complexes. In this perspective, palladium (II) complexes appear as an interesting alternative to obtain compounds with high cytotoxicity and capable to inhibit the action of TOPOIIA. In this work, it were synthesized 6 palladium (II) compounds of the type [PdXPR3TSC] (X = Cl, I, PR3 = triphenylphosphine, tri(p-toluyl)phosphine, tri(o-toluyl)phosphine, tris(4-fluorophenyl)phosphine, TSC = 1-methyl-3-phenylprop-2-en-1-ylidene hydrazinecarbothioamide. Complexes 1-6 were characterized by the NMR, IV, UV-Vis, X-ray diffraction, melting point, conductivity and elemental analysis. All compounds had their cytotoxicity investigated against MDA-MB-231, A549, MCR5 cell lines. The results obtained were compared with cisplatin. The compounds [PdCl(PPh3)(TSC-CC)] (1), [PdCl(4FP)(TSC-CC)] (4) and [PdI(PPh3)(TSC-CC)] (5)showed better IC50 values against MDA-MB-231, 0.89; 0.56; 1.04 µmol•L¬-1, respectively, besides being more active than cisplatin, they presented a higher index of selectivity. Electrophoresis and DNA titration assays were performed to investigate the interaction between complexes and DNA molecule. The results showed a weak or no interaction between them, thus DNA was discarded as a possible target. However, data from the TOPOIIA enzyme inhibition assay indicated a possible relationship between cytotoxicity and the inhibition capacity of the complexes, since the compounds with the highest antiproliferative activity were those with the highest inhibition rate. Complexes 1, 4 and 5 were twice more active than etoposide, standard drug for inhibition of TOPOIIA. These results indicate the antineoplastic potential of the synthesized complexes.
Estudo químico de Phytophthora Nicotianae e sua influência no perfil químico de plântulas de Citrus Sinensis
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-05-29)
Rabêlo, Waléria Ferreira
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Silva, Maria Fátima das Graças Fernandes da
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0457632122660653
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3406047696076941
“PHYTOPHTHORA NICOTIANAE CHEMICAL STUDY AND ITS INFLUENCE ON THE CHEMICAL PROFILE OF CITRUS SISENSIS SEEDLINGS.” The present work describes the study of the variation of the citrus chemical profile after the inoculation of the omicetto "Phytophthora nicotianae", responsible for citrus gomose disease, which is one of the diseases that is causing damages in Brazilian citriculture. For this, "P.nicotianae" was inoculated in "Valencia" seedlings [Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck] grafted on "Citrumelo Swingle" (Citrus paradisi x Poncirus trifoliata) and Sunki Tropical Tangerine [Citrus Sunki Hort. ex Tan], where it was evaluated chemical profile of the major secondary metabolites through the development of analytical methods such as HPLC-UV, LC-MS / MS, CG / MS and UHPLC-MS / MS with chemometric tools. These chemometric tools applied to the data obtained in the UHPLC-MS / MS studies allowed discriminating the infected plants with the omicetto of healthy plants, as well as the characterization of the compounds that contribute most to this differentiation. When analyzing the chemical profile variation of the citrus studied by the UHPLC-MS / MS technique it was possible to detect the variation mainly of some coumarins in the roots and lower stem. Glycosylated flavonoids in the leaves the gomose infected seedlings and the healthy ones indicating that these compounds may be involved in the plant defense mechanism, and may be considered a phytoanticipal. In the methodology used for the study of volatile biomarkers in the HS / GC-MS, it was possible to observe variations and the main volatile markers for the studied matrices, was D-limonene and guaiacol in stems and leaves, matrices inoculated with the pathogen causing the disease gomose of citrus. In addition, the chemical study of the oomiceto in some culture was done, in addition to comparisons of mycelial growth with the objective of obtaining standard substances, which resulted in the isolation of lesser known secondary metabolites of the anthron class.
Nucleação transiente e estacionária em dissilicato de lítio
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-05-29)
Serra, André Hofmeister Martins
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Cassar, Daniel Roberto
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1717397276752482
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Zanotto, Edgar Dutra
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1055167132036400
Glasses and supercooled liquids tend to crystallize below the melting temperature. Crystallization is a phase transformation where the atomic structure ceases to be non-crystalline and becomes periodic. The focus of this work is on the process of emergence of one or more crystalline regions in a super-cooled liquid, known as crystal nucleation. The Classical Theory of Nucleation (CNT) is one of the theoretical bases that explain this process. Experimental results and previous analyzes show that the CNT is sufficient to describe the crystal nucleation rate as a function of temperature, but only for temperatures above the maximum nucleation temperature. Another issue is the way experimental data are obtained, generally using the double-treatment technique. This technique is known to overestimate the intrinsic induction time of nucleation. The objective of this project is to investigate these two CNT problems in a rigorous way to seek a resolution for both. Our results showed that the time of the nucleation treatment has a considerable influence on the values obtained for both the stationary nucleation rate and the induction time. Therefore, experiments performed for too short times may be the cause for the disagreement (theory / experiment) found below the maximum nucleation temperature. In this work, using longer nucleation times, the obtained nucleation rates were higher than those reported in the literature and the detachment between theoretical prediction and experimental values occurred at lower temperatures.
Excesso de peso corporal e indicadores sociais, nutricionais e de saúde em escolas municipais
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-05-30)
Zanin, Ana Flávia de Freitas
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Souto, Bernardino Geraldo Alves
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7264826508407685
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Duarte, Ana Cláudia Garcia de Oliveira
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1996950253264696
Introduction: Overweight in childhood is positively associated with overweight in adulthood. In the medium and long term, being overweight may be a risk factor for hypertension, diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Objective: Verifying the prevalence of overweight and obesity and related factors (food consumption, physical activity, family income, birth weight and breastfeeding) in children from 7 to 10 years old, students in the public elementary schools in the city of São Carlos, state of Sao Paulo, Brazil, in the year of 2017. Methods: Exploratory survey conducted between september and november of 2017, with 306 children (154 boys: 152 girls), enrolled between the 2nd and 5th year of elementary school in 7 public elementary schools. The nutritional diagnostic of overweight (≥ z-score +1) and obesity (≥ z-score +2) was based on the World Health Organization’s Body Mass Index curves for age and gender. The variables family income, birth weight and breastfeeding duration were obtained in questionnaires completed by parents. And the information about food consumption and physical activity were completed by students, in the school, on the day of the anthropometry. Statistical analysis has been done through Epi Info 7.2.2.1, R e Sas OnDemand softwares. Values of p < 0.05 were considered statistically significant.The association between excess weight (overweight and obesity) and other variables was investigated using Chi-Square, Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney and Pearson’s correlation tests. Results: The prevalence of overweight and obesity was 22% and 24%, respectively. Overweight including obesity were found in 46% of the children. Among the variables investigated, the overweight was statistically associated with the waist circumference (p < 0.001), sedentary activities (such watching television or playing electronic games or using computer) (p 0.0228) and birth weight (p 0.0333). We observed that students who did not consume beans 5 times or more in the week were approximately 1.83 times more likely to have overweight. Regarding the school feeding menu, there was a predominance in the morning snack/ afternoon snack of ultraprocessed foods (70.6%) and in the main meal, in natura or minimally processed foods (57.1%). Conclusion: The prevalence of overweight found in schoolchildren was higher than the national average, which it worries and increase the need for corrective and preventive interventions in this age group. Based on the findings, believed that educational actions on healthy eating allied the physical activity and control of the time of use of electronic devices should be held at school. Finally, industrialized foods should be offered in school meals in a complementary way, prioritizing in natura or minimally processed foods, since these foods contribute positively to the growth and development of children.
Arranjos de árvores na deposição de serapilheira e atributos físicos do solo em cafezal
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-05-30)
Oliveira, Erivaldo Silva de
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Santos, Ricardo Henrique Silva
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5117391916647422
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Fontanetti, Anastácia
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3598362104615834
This work aimed to evaluate the effects of shading trees spatial distribution at soil physical properties, litterfall production and its contents of nutrients on shaded coffee plants. Two experiments were conducted in a coffee field shaded with native species located in Santo Antônio do Jardim, SP, between the months of October 2016 and September 2017. The first experiment was designed as a 2 x 3 factorial with 6 repetitions. In the second, the total litter production variable was analyzed in DBC design in a 2x4 factorial scheme with six replicates. The monthly litter production followed the DBC in a 2x4x9 factorial scheme with six replications. For the content and accumulation of nutrients was used the DBC with four treatments. Two soil sample points: Shading trees planting rows (LPA) and Shading trees between rows (EPA). Three soil sample depths: 0-0,10m, 0,10-0,20m and 0,20-0,40m. Disturbed and undisturbed soil samples were collected according to the treatments to determine the soil physical properties and organic matter contents. For the second experiment, four points of litterfall deposition were sampled in LPA, distancing 1,5m, 3,0m, 4,5m, and 6,0m from shading trees trunk and other four points in EPA parallelly distributed to LPA points, also distancing 1,5m, 3,0m, 4,5m and 6,0m. The sampling was made with a plastic box dimensioning 0,52m in length, 0,35m in width and 0,17m in height displaced on the soil, under the projection of coffee trees canopy. LPA soil at the 0-0,10m depth shown reduction in density, what contributed to greater flocculation rate and average weighted diameter of aggregates. The months of May, August and September presented greater litterfall depositions, it being superior in LPA. The species that most contributed to that increase were the coffee tree and Cassia grandis. Coffee trees litterfall shown greater contents of N, K and Mg and Cassia grandis was the wooden species that shown superior contents of Ca and S in the litterfall.
Efeito do estrógeno na palatabilidade ao sódio de ratas com apetite ao sódio
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-05-30)
Pereira Junior, Emilson Donizete
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Menani, José Vanderlei
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Luca Júnior, Laurival Antonio de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1023597870118105
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Andrade, Carina Aparecida Fabrício de
Excessive salt intake has been associated with the development or worsening of chronic diseases such as hypertension. Spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) have a typical increased sodium preference. Estrogen influences arterial pressure and sodium appetite, but we do not know how much ovarian hormones influence sodium palatability, particularly in SHR. Here we evaluated the influence of ovarian hormones on sodium palatability of female SHR. Bilateral ovariectomy (OVX) increased 0.3 M NaCl intake induced by water deprivation - partial dehydration (WD-PR) in the sodium appetite test in normotensive (Holtzman-HTZ) and adult SHR rats, compared to the respective controls (sham surgery). In the taste reactivity test, there was also an increase in the frequency of hedonic responses to intra-oral infusion of 0.3 M NaCl (IO-NaCl) in both ovariectomized normotensive and hypertensive rats. The frequency of aversive responses was not altered by ovariectomy. High-dose estrogen ( 50 μg / rat) supplementation in intact SHR (8-9 months) decreased the frequency of hedonic responses to I0-NaCl and increased frequency of aversive responses after partial rehydration before access to sodium. Estrogen supplementation also decreased 0.3 M NaCl intake without changes in frequency of hedonic or aversive responses to I0-NaCl after sodium intake. Daily replacement of estrogen (10 μg / rat) in SHR OVX decreased WD-PR-induced 0.3 M NaCl intake without changes in baseline cardiovascular parameters. This estrogen treatment reduced ANG II pressor response when compared to the same stimulus in ovariectomized rats treated with vehicle. Daily estrogen replacement (10 μg/day) also decreased the number of hedonic responses to IO-0.3 M NaCl in hypertensive rats with WD-PR- induced sodium appetite, without changes in number of aversive responses. Blockade of ANG II AT1 receptors decreased WD-PR- induced 0.3 M NaCl intake and palatability in SHR rats. In summary, the absence of ovarian hormones increased hedonic properties of the taste produced by the IO-0.3 M NaCl in rats, hypertensive and normotensive, whereas estrogen replacement and supplementation had an inhibitory effect on appetite and palatability to sodium, respectively in females SHR. The results suggest that estrogen has an inhibitory effect on sodium palatability in SHR rats, thus influencing the ingestion of this ion in these animals.
Comunidade que Sustenta a Agricultura (CSA) em São Paulo e Agricultura Solidária (SoLaWi) na Alemanha: construindo indicadores sociais, econômicos e ambientais
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-05-30)
Amorim, Joana Ortega de Lima
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Marjotta-Maistro, Marta Cristina
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3987280258617095
Our history shows a shift in the standards of knowledge and technology applied in agriculture. In order to minimize the negative impacts generated by the "green revolution", organic and agroecological production practices also emerge. These include concepts of family agriculture, solidarity economy and local Food systems in Brazil and Europe, and in this context CSA (Community Supported Agriculture) emerges. Studies abour CSA in Brazil are recent and there is a demand for guidelines in pursuit of their establishment as a sustainable option. In this sense we chose the SoLaWi - Solidarich Landwirtschaften (Solidarity Agriculture) in Germany as a parallel for the development of this work. The objective of this work is to analyze the social, economic and environmental aspects that constitute the practices and relations of SoLaWi and CSA, to construct qualitative indicators for each aspect and make a qualitative comparison between SoLaWi and CSA describing the strategies and difficulties, making contributions about the main challenges. The research was qualitative based on the critical communicative methodology and complemented by content analysis and documentary analysis. From the data were created excludent and transformative indicators and it was observed that CSA act by strengthening agroecology in Germany and Brazil. Farmers 'support and empowerment, membership and work opportunity for members, self-management and farmers' autonomy are indicators of transformative social aspects, and this is challenged by the difficulty of member participation and management of volunteer work. The search for economic sustainability is represented in a heterogeneous way due to the different contexts of the communities, especially in what refers to the public policies directed to the local food systems and the solidarity economy. The indicators of the environmental aspects of the communities are the search for biodiversity, soil conservation and health of people and ecosystems, finding limitations in soil conservation and access to land. Future studies on the process of community formation and construction in the context of Latin America are indicated, seeking the training of farmers and members for management and investment in the critical education of members through public policies.