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Termodinâmica de buracos negros de Schwarzschild
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-05-28)
Santi, Natali Soler Matubaro de
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Santarelli, Raphael
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3591899759824320
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3869697280207128
This dissertation consists of a review about some aspects of Schwarzschild black hole thermodynamics and includes a discussion related to the temporal evolution of the masses of these black holes in a thermodynamic context. We started studying some aspects of general relativity, verifying some properties first in Minkowski space-time, from perspective of an accelerated observer, and then in Schwarzschild space-time. After that we moved to quantum field theory in curved spaces, starting with the Unruh effect as a motivation for the Hawking radiation, which is the main goal of this work, deducing the temperature for a Schwarzschild black hole. Later we presented the laws of the black hole thermodynamics and an analogy with classical thermodynamics laws. Lastly, we discussed the temporal evolution of the masses of Schwarzschild black holes for different initial values and environment conditions: empty space, cosmic microwave background with constant temperature and with temperature varying with time according with the eras of the universe.
Germinação de sementes de Rubus sellowii e micropropagação de Morus nigra
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-05-28)
Duarte, Willian Naves
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Cardoso, Jean Carlos
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3681181863704059
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3146159019158911
Sexual and vegetative propagation are the main methods of perpetuating plant species. Despite its importance in propagation, seeds of some species do not germinate even under favorable conditions, as is the case of seeds of the genus Rubus, situation called dormancy. Experiments were carried out to characterize and overcome dormancy in R. sellowii seeds. During the seed imbibition process, was observed a barrier for water absorption. For the chemical scarification of the seeds, NaClO and H2SO4 were evaluated. NaClO was not efficient for tegument scarification. Treatment with H2SO4 for 20 min showed 50% seed germination and a higher rate of germination. It was also carried out the sowing, without scarification, in a tray containing substrate the base of pinus bark and kept in greenhouse. Seedling emergence started 70 days after sowing, reaching 50% after 370 days. Experiments were also carried out with the micropropagation of Morus nigra, considering the nonviability of commercial seed propagation. It was observed that in vitro cultivation of explants in the absence of phyto-regulators produced seedlings ready for the acclimatization phase. In the acclimatization, we tried to verify the best growing environment (growth room or greenhouse) and in vitro culture time. Growing for 28 days in the growing room resulted in plants with higher height (9.2 cm), number (4.8) and leaf diameter (3.23 cm), an essential condition for efficient acclimatization. For the somatic embryogenesis, calli of nodal explants of M. nigra were obtained with the use of naphthalene-acetic acid (ANA) or benzyladenine (BA), under light or dark conditions. Both presented similar callus induction rates. For the induction of somatic embryogenesis, twelve culture media were used for the induction of embryogenic calli. It was possible to obtain them in media containing BA, 2,4-D and coconut water. These were cultivated in liquid medium of maturation, in which they presented the development of globular structures of cream coloring. These globular structures have multiplied, acquiring green pigmentation when grown on sucrose or glucose as aviii carbon source. However, there was no subsequent development or regeneration in seedlings.
Metapesquisa em ensino e aprendizagem de línguas: um estudo modelar com foco em interação
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-05-28)
Freitas, Mirelle da Silva
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Viana, Nelson
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6252579012192711
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5336541959141675
The growing number of academic studies in all fields of study and, therefore, in Language Teaching (LT), raises an issue about how to synthesize systematically and in an organized way this myriad of knowledge in a way that allows and boosts science advances, so that investigations (and researchers themselves) do not become a plethora of unordered information – which can result in waste of time and/or investment in areas well settled. Hence, research synthesis arises as a methodology which is capable to fulfill this need, as its aim is to systematically organize knowledge about a certain theme and make it available for the ones interested in it. This study presents research synthesis as a research methodology, highlighting its features and providing directions for those who are interested in doing this kind of investigation under the qualitative paradigm. In order to do so, beyond characterizing this methodology, it also presents a study on interaction, clarifying and critically discussing the steps that should be taken in a qualitative research synthesis. The theme resulted from the growing number of studies in language teaching and its consequent need to organize the information in them, so that LT research can better help the development of theories and practices regarding language learning. This study highlights how organizing information systemically (through research synthesis) can broaden the content and effectiveness of knowledge developed in LT, so that we can circumvent: wasting productive time and resources, gathering practical knowledge distributed in university libraries; and, consequently, help interpret research results, which could help comprehension and impact practice. Furthermore, the data analyzed has its focus on interaction and shows the urge to rethink language pedagogical practices, so that language classrooms can enable students to be active subjects in society, connecting language teaching and language use. Research synthesis and interaction ‘in the wild’ demand more studies to enable the field to contribute more to the language learning area in countries where we face great challenges in this field.
Melhorando o balanceamento de carga em ambientes virtualizados usando a correlação de Pearson
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-05-29)
Moraes Filho, Nilson Rubens de
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Verdi, Fábio Luciano
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9143186843657940
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2854291919018898
Virtualization is one of the foundations of cloud computing as it allows better utilization of computing resources in a data center. There are different virtualization approaches that offer similar functionality, but with different levels of abstraction and methods. In this sense we can mention the use of Virtual Machines and containers. We define Virtual Element (VE) as a virtual machine or a container, and we will use this concept to make our load balancing approach generic. Load balancing can be achieved through live migration of VEs, reducing energy consumption, enabling better distribution of computational resources and allowing customers to move VEs from a cloud provider to another one that may offer better SLA or costs. There are some methods that addresses the load balancing improvement in a data center. One of them applies the Pearson correlation coefficient related to CPU usage, to migrate VEs from an overloaded host to another that have better availability of resources. The Pearson correlation coefficient estimates the dependency level between quantities. Yet, live migration is a virtualization feature that allows a VE to be transferred from one equipment to another, keeping the active processes running. However, to migrate a VE that has strong dependency with the internal network traffic from a host, can create an increase in the overall network consumption due to the migration of the VE to another server, topologically distant from the current host. This dissertation defines a heuristic that has as objective improve the migration decision process of VEs. The heuristic applies Pearson's correlation coefficient and takes in consideration not only CPU consumption, but also the internal network traffic between VEs. Results shown that the application of the heuristic improved the decision process in at least 18% compared to a method that considers only CPU correlation coefficient.
Expedição Campina dos Leites: uma construção participativa sob a ótica do jovem morador local
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-05-29)
Toricelli, Bruna
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Prado, Bárbara Heliodora Soares do
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3780645255574120
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Rancura, Kátia Gisele de Oliveira
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3411342699974945
In research around environmental education and conservation, the great challenge for the researcher is the popularization of scientific knowledge and the engagement of people on socio-environmental issues, which requires a contextualized approach and strategies that involve values and social participation. For this, this study resorted to the principles of Action Research together with the Socio-environmental Educommunication and the Verde Perto methodology. The objective was to strengthen the bonds of belonging of young people in a rural neighborhood, located in the surroundings of the Ecological Station of Angatuba, with the place where they live and get them to express their opinions and perceptions by means of a documentary video. The research, of qualitative character, was based on the principles of Critical Environmental Education, since the social actors involved were approached as the original source of knowledge. Through a diagnosis was drawn the profile of the young public of the neighborhood and recognized the initial perceptions of these residents by the region. From this information the other steps were developed, which extended over nine months. In this period, the researcher met periodically with the group of young residents to dialogue, discuss ideas, exchange experiences and knowledge, carrying out various socio-environmental activities with them. These meetings, in addition to motivating the reflection, autonomy and the role of young people, have subsidized the elaboration by the group of the documentary video, which presents socio-environmental, historical and cultural aspects of the neighborhood under the optics of them, this being the main product of this research. The video was released to the entire local community and made available in various social media. In addition, it was accepted in the 9th show of Circuito Tela Verde and will be displayed in various places of the country and the world. In the end, it was possible to conclude that the methodologies employed were essential to strengthen the relationships of the young people with each other and with the place where they live. The participants of this study are expected to remain protagonists of their own history and that this research serves as an inspiration for other similar works, to engaging new social actors in the discussion of socio-environmental problems.
Síntese e caracterização de Complexos de Pd(II) com potencial atividade citotóxica e inibidores das enzimas Topoisomerase II
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-05-29)
Lima, Mauro Almeida
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Rocha, Fillipe Vieira
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5841127259122766
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1279908852811896
It is known that cancer is a set of more than 100 diseases which are the second largest cause of death in the world. There are several factors related to the growth of tumors, showing different pathway for the planning of new compounds with distinct mechanisms of action. A good example is topoisomerase II enzyme that is overexpressed in some types of cancer, such as lung and breast, in order to afford compounds that act on the enzyme to obtain a better selectivity. In this sense, thiosemicarbazones are presented as possible enzymatic inhibitors, since they have structural features that maximize the interaction with the target. However, it has been observed that thiosemicarbazones demonstrate greater inhibitory capacity when complexed, especially when they form planar complexes. In this perspective, palladium (II) complexes appear as an interesting alternative to obtain compounds with high cytotoxicity and capable to inhibit the action of TOPOIIA. In this work, it were synthesized 6 palladium (II) compounds of the type [PdXPR3TSC] (X = Cl, I, PR3 = triphenylphosphine, tri(p-toluyl)phosphine, tri(o-toluyl)phosphine, tris(4-fluorophenyl)phosphine, TSC = 1-methyl-3-phenylprop-2-en-1-ylidene hydrazinecarbothioamide. Complexes 1-6 were characterized by the NMR, IV, UV-Vis, X-ray diffraction, melting point, conductivity and elemental analysis. All compounds had their cytotoxicity investigated against MDA-MB-231, A549, MCR5 cell lines. The results obtained were compared with cisplatin. The compounds [PdCl(PPh3)(TSC-CC)] (1), [PdCl(4FP)(TSC-CC)] (4) and [PdI(PPh3)(TSC-CC)] (5)showed better IC50 values against MDA-MB-231, 0.89; 0.56; 1.04 µmol•L¬-1, respectively, besides being more active than cisplatin, they presented a higher index of selectivity. Electrophoresis and DNA titration assays were performed to investigate the interaction between complexes and DNA molecule. The results showed a weak or no interaction between them, thus DNA was discarded as a possible target. However, data from the TOPOIIA enzyme inhibition assay indicated a possible relationship between cytotoxicity and the inhibition capacity of the complexes, since the compounds with the highest antiproliferative activity were those with the highest inhibition rate. Complexes 1, 4 and 5 were twice more active than etoposide, standard drug for inhibition of TOPOIIA. These results indicate the antineoplastic potential of the synthesized complexes.
Estudo químico de Phytophthora Nicotianae e sua influência no perfil químico de plântulas de Citrus Sinensis
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-05-29)
Rabêlo, Waléria Ferreira
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Silva, Maria Fátima das Graças Fernandes da
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0457632122660653
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3406047696076941
“PHYTOPHTHORA NICOTIANAE CHEMICAL STUDY AND ITS INFLUENCE ON THE CHEMICAL PROFILE OF CITRUS SISENSIS SEEDLINGS.” The present work describes the study of the variation of the citrus chemical profile after the inoculation of the omicetto "Phytophthora nicotianae", responsible for citrus gomose disease, which is one of the diseases that is causing damages in Brazilian citriculture. For this, "P.nicotianae" was inoculated in "Valencia" seedlings [Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck] grafted on "Citrumelo Swingle" (Citrus paradisi x Poncirus trifoliata) and Sunki Tropical Tangerine [Citrus Sunki Hort. ex Tan], where it was evaluated chemical profile of the major secondary metabolites through the development of analytical methods such as HPLC-UV, LC-MS / MS, CG / MS and UHPLC-MS / MS with chemometric tools. These chemometric tools applied to the data obtained in the UHPLC-MS / MS studies allowed discriminating the infected plants with the omicetto of healthy plants, as well as the characterization of the compounds that contribute most to this differentiation. When analyzing the chemical profile variation of the citrus studied by the UHPLC-MS / MS technique it was possible to detect the variation mainly of some coumarins in the roots and lower stem. Glycosylated flavonoids in the leaves the gomose infected seedlings and the healthy ones indicating that these compounds may be involved in the plant defense mechanism, and may be considered a phytoanticipal. In the methodology used for the study of volatile biomarkers in the HS / GC-MS, it was possible to observe variations and the main volatile markers for the studied matrices, was D-limonene and guaiacol in stems and leaves, matrices inoculated with the pathogen causing the disease gomose of citrus. In addition, the chemical study of the oomiceto in some culture was done, in addition to comparisons of mycelial growth with the objective of obtaining standard substances, which resulted in the isolation of lesser known secondary metabolites of the anthron class.
Nucleação transiente e estacionária em dissilicato de lítio
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-05-29)
Serra, André Hofmeister Martins
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Cassar, Daniel Roberto
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1717397276752482
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Zanotto, Edgar Dutra
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1055167132036400
Glasses and supercooled liquids tend to crystallize below the melting temperature. Crystallization is a phase transformation where the atomic structure ceases to be non-crystalline and becomes periodic. The focus of this work is on the process of emergence of one or more crystalline regions in a super-cooled liquid, known as crystal nucleation. The Classical Theory of Nucleation (CNT) is one of the theoretical bases that explain this process. Experimental results and previous analyzes show that the CNT is sufficient to describe the crystal nucleation rate as a function of temperature, but only for temperatures above the maximum nucleation temperature. Another issue is the way experimental data are obtained, generally using the double-treatment technique. This technique is known to overestimate the intrinsic induction time of nucleation. The objective of this project is to investigate these two CNT problems in a rigorous way to seek a resolution for both. Our results showed that the time of the nucleation treatment has a considerable influence on the values obtained for both the stationary nucleation rate and the induction time. Therefore, experiments performed for too short times may be the cause for the disagreement (theory / experiment) found below the maximum nucleation temperature. In this work, using longer nucleation times, the obtained nucleation rates were higher than those reported in the literature and the detachment between theoretical prediction and experimental values occurred at lower temperatures.
Excesso de peso corporal e indicadores sociais, nutricionais e de saúde em escolas municipais
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-05-30)
Zanin, Ana Flávia de Freitas
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Souto, Bernardino Geraldo Alves
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7264826508407685
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Duarte, Ana Cláudia Garcia de Oliveira
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1996950253264696
Introduction: Overweight in childhood is positively associated with overweight in adulthood. In the medium and long term, being overweight may be a risk factor for hypertension, diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Objective: Verifying the prevalence of overweight and obesity and related factors (food consumption, physical activity, family income, birth weight and breastfeeding) in children from 7 to 10 years old, students in the public elementary schools in the city of São Carlos, state of Sao Paulo, Brazil, in the year of 2017. Methods: Exploratory survey conducted between september and november of 2017, with 306 children (154 boys: 152 girls), enrolled between the 2nd and 5th year of elementary school in 7 public elementary schools. The nutritional diagnostic of overweight (≥ z-score +1) and obesity (≥ z-score +2) was based on the World Health Organization’s Body Mass Index curves for age and gender. The variables family income, birth weight and breastfeeding duration were obtained in questionnaires completed by parents. And the information about food consumption and physical activity were completed by students, in the school, on the day of the anthropometry. Statistical analysis has been done through Epi Info 7.2.2.1, R e Sas OnDemand softwares. Values of p < 0.05 were considered statistically significant.The association between excess weight (overweight and obesity) and other variables was investigated using Chi-Square, Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney and Pearson’s correlation tests. Results: The prevalence of overweight and obesity was 22% and 24%, respectively. Overweight including obesity were found in 46% of the children. Among the variables investigated, the overweight was statistically associated with the waist circumference (p < 0.001), sedentary activities (such watching television or playing electronic games or using computer) (p 0.0228) and birth weight (p 0.0333). We observed that students who did not consume beans 5 times or more in the week were approximately 1.83 times more likely to have overweight. Regarding the school feeding menu, there was a predominance in the morning snack/ afternoon snack of ultraprocessed foods (70.6%) and in the main meal, in natura or minimally processed foods (57.1%). Conclusion: The prevalence of overweight found in schoolchildren was higher than the national average, which it worries and increase the need for corrective and preventive interventions in this age group. Based on the findings, believed that educational actions on healthy eating allied the physical activity and control of the time of use of electronic devices should be held at school. Finally, industrialized foods should be offered in school meals in a complementary way, prioritizing in natura or minimally processed foods, since these foods contribute positively to the growth and development of children.
Arranjos de árvores na deposição de serapilheira e atributos físicos do solo em cafezal
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-05-30)
Oliveira, Erivaldo Silva de
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Santos, Ricardo Henrique Silva
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5117391916647422
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Fontanetti, Anastácia
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3598362104615834
This work aimed to evaluate the effects of shading trees spatial distribution at soil physical properties, litterfall production and its contents of nutrients on shaded coffee plants. Two experiments were conducted in a coffee field shaded with native species located in Santo Antônio do Jardim, SP, between the months of October 2016 and September 2017. The first experiment was designed as a 2 x 3 factorial with 6 repetitions. In the second, the total litter production variable was analyzed in DBC design in a 2x4 factorial scheme with six replicates. The monthly litter production followed the DBC in a 2x4x9 factorial scheme with six replications. For the content and accumulation of nutrients was used the DBC with four treatments. Two soil sample points: Shading trees planting rows (LPA) and Shading trees between rows (EPA). Three soil sample depths: 0-0,10m, 0,10-0,20m and 0,20-0,40m. Disturbed and undisturbed soil samples were collected according to the treatments to determine the soil physical properties and organic matter contents. For the second experiment, four points of litterfall deposition were sampled in LPA, distancing 1,5m, 3,0m, 4,5m, and 6,0m from shading trees trunk and other four points in EPA parallelly distributed to LPA points, also distancing 1,5m, 3,0m, 4,5m and 6,0m. The sampling was made with a plastic box dimensioning 0,52m in length, 0,35m in width and 0,17m in height displaced on the soil, under the projection of coffee trees canopy. LPA soil at the 0-0,10m depth shown reduction in density, what contributed to greater flocculation rate and average weighted diameter of aggregates. The months of May, August and September presented greater litterfall depositions, it being superior in LPA. The species that most contributed to that increase were the coffee tree and Cassia grandis. Coffee trees litterfall shown greater contents of N, K and Mg and Cassia grandis was the wooden species that shown superior contents of Ca and S in the litterfall.
Efeito do estrógeno na palatabilidade ao sódio de ratas com apetite ao sódio
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-05-30)
Pereira Junior, Emilson Donizete
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Menani, José Vanderlei
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Luca Júnior, Laurival Antonio de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1023597870118105
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Andrade, Carina Aparecida Fabrício de
Excessive salt intake has been associated with the development or worsening of chronic diseases such as hypertension. Spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) have a typical increased sodium preference. Estrogen influences arterial pressure and sodium appetite, but we do not know how much ovarian hormones influence sodium palatability, particularly in SHR. Here we evaluated the influence of ovarian hormones on sodium palatability of female SHR. Bilateral ovariectomy (OVX) increased 0.3 M NaCl intake induced by water deprivation - partial dehydration (WD-PR) in the sodium appetite test in normotensive (Holtzman-HTZ) and adult SHR rats, compared to the respective controls (sham surgery). In the taste reactivity test, there was also an increase in the frequency of hedonic responses to intra-oral infusion of 0.3 M NaCl (IO-NaCl) in both ovariectomized normotensive and hypertensive rats. The frequency of aversive responses was not altered by ovariectomy. High-dose estrogen ( 50 μg / rat) supplementation in intact SHR (8-9 months) decreased the frequency of hedonic responses to I0-NaCl and increased frequency of aversive responses after partial rehydration before access to sodium. Estrogen supplementation also decreased 0.3 M NaCl intake without changes in frequency of hedonic or aversive responses to I0-NaCl after sodium intake. Daily replacement of estrogen (10 μg / rat) in SHR OVX decreased WD-PR-induced 0.3 M NaCl intake without changes in baseline cardiovascular parameters. This estrogen treatment reduced ANG II pressor response when compared to the same stimulus in ovariectomized rats treated with vehicle. Daily estrogen replacement (10 μg/day) also decreased the number of hedonic responses to IO-0.3 M NaCl in hypertensive rats with WD-PR- induced sodium appetite, without changes in number of aversive responses. Blockade of ANG II AT1 receptors decreased WD-PR- induced 0.3 M NaCl intake and palatability in SHR rats. In summary, the absence of ovarian hormones increased hedonic properties of the taste produced by the IO-0.3 M NaCl in rats, hypertensive and normotensive, whereas estrogen replacement and supplementation had an inhibitory effect on appetite and palatability to sodium, respectively in females SHR. The results suggest that estrogen has an inhibitory effect on sodium palatability in SHR rats, thus influencing the ingestion of this ion in these animals.
Comunidade que Sustenta a Agricultura (CSA) em São Paulo e Agricultura Solidária (SoLaWi) na Alemanha: construindo indicadores sociais, econômicos e ambientais
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-05-30)
Amorim, Joana Ortega de Lima
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Marjotta-Maistro, Marta Cristina
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3987280258617095
Our history shows a shift in the standards of knowledge and technology applied in agriculture. In order to minimize the negative impacts generated by the "green revolution", organic and agroecological production practices also emerge. These include concepts of family agriculture, solidarity economy and local Food systems in Brazil and Europe, and in this context CSA (Community Supported Agriculture) emerges. Studies abour CSA in Brazil are recent and there is a demand for guidelines in pursuit of their establishment as a sustainable option. In this sense we chose the SoLaWi - Solidarich Landwirtschaften (Solidarity Agriculture) in Germany as a parallel for the development of this work. The objective of this work is to analyze the social, economic and environmental aspects that constitute the practices and relations of SoLaWi and CSA, to construct qualitative indicators for each aspect and make a qualitative comparison between SoLaWi and CSA describing the strategies and difficulties, making contributions about the main challenges. The research was qualitative based on the critical communicative methodology and complemented by content analysis and documentary analysis. From the data were created excludent and transformative indicators and it was observed that CSA act by strengthening agroecology in Germany and Brazil. Farmers 'support and empowerment, membership and work opportunity for members, self-management and farmers' autonomy are indicators of transformative social aspects, and this is challenged by the difficulty of member participation and management of volunteer work. The search for economic sustainability is represented in a heterogeneous way due to the different contexts of the communities, especially in what refers to the public policies directed to the local food systems and the solidarity economy. The indicators of the environmental aspects of the communities are the search for biodiversity, soil conservation and health of people and ecosystems, finding limitations in soil conservation and access to land. Future studies on the process of community formation and construction in the context of Latin America are indicated, seeking the training of farmers and members for management and investment in the critical education of members through public policies.
Catalisadores magnéticos à base de ferritas de Co ou Zn e de heteroestruturas TiO2/Ferrita – Avaliação na degradação fotocatalítica de lignina
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-05-30)
Souza, Bruna Gonçalves de
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Ruotolo, Luís Augusto Martins
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6167735734348703
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Urquieta-González, Ernesto Antonio
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2389975677904655
Vinasse derived from beverage industry represents a serious environmental risk if not properly treated, mainly attributable to the presence of organic macromolecules with complex structure and composition, the recalcitrant compounds, which gives undesirable properties like high chemical oxygen demand (COD) and an increase of toxicity. Lignin, mainly responsible for the dark coloration characteristic of vinasse, is a compound of difficult degradation, which has not been well explored so far due to the difficulty in developing a viable method able to dealing with the extremely low bioavailability of this molecule, especially due to its recalcitrant characteristics. Among the treatment options, photocatalysis has been outstanding due to the production of extremely reactive radicals which may conduct to complete degradation or to an increase of biodegradability of these compounds in biological process. On the other hand, the catalyst recovery, usually TiO2 nanoparticles, might represent a limitation of photocatalysis. In this regard, ferrites have been used to the formation of TiO2 heterostructures, in order to attain magnetic properties that allow the catalyst recovery from the effluent by the application of an external magnetic field. Furthermore, the ferrites, at the presence of TiO2 and UV radiation, provides the iron source for the photo-Fenton reaction, which contributes to the production of extremely oxidative radicals. In this context, the objective of this project was to synthetize, by the means of microwave-assisted hydrothermal method, magnetic ferrites, pure or doped with Co or Zn, in addition of TiO2 heterostructures, aiming the photocatalytic degradation of lignin. The Rietveld refinement of the XRD results evidenced the formation of spinel-like structures at the pure or doped ferrites. The formation of the TiO2/ferrite heterostructure was verified through HRTEM images, and these samples showed higher SBET in comparison to pure P25 titania. The DRS-UV-Vis analyses indicated that the heterostructures absorption bands were extended to the visible light domain. All the photocatalysts exhibited magnetic properties. The maximum lignin degradation for the H5Zn95Ti heterostructure occurred at pH = 2 and 500 ppm of H2O2.
Rede Cegonha e saúde bucal: um panorama na região central do estado de São Paulo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-05-30)
Pereira, Carmen Lucia de Oliveira
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Aquilante, Aline Guerra
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5699716799010108
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2156574705921554
Descriptive and exploratory study that analyzed oral health care in the Rede Cegonha of the 24 municipalities of the Regional Health Department III - DRS III / Araraquara, state of São Paulo. A survey of the number of pregnant women registered with SISPRENATAL in 2015 and 2016 was carried out; and the identification of potentialities and weaknesses in the oral health care path at Rede Cegonha. The information collected in the SISPRENATAL database and in the questionnaires received descriptive statistical treatment, while the information obtained from the interviews with the DRS-III articulators was subjected to thematic content analysis. In the cut off of the studied period, 17,959 pregnant women were registered in SISPRENATAL by the 170 health establishments that provide prenatal care in DRS-III. Pregnant women are predominantly white women aged 20 to 29 years old. The full management of municipalities is seen as a power, as it gives autonomy to build and implement contextualized actions, while the lack of protocols and flows is pointed out as the greatest weakness in comprehensive prenatal care. Considering that oral health care is transversal to the Health Care Networks, this study signals the need to strengthen oral health actions in the Rede Cegonha.
Utilização de mecanismos de roteamento para seleção de sistemas de Question Answering
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-05-30)
Tavares, Leandro Luciani
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Almeida, Tiago Agostinho de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5368680512020633
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2796738470051942
The evolution of the interaction between humans and computers has accompanied the technological evolution of computers themselves. This process culminated in the rise of a subfield of computing called Questioning Answering (QA), which provides a form of natural interaction between machines and humans --- the Question-Answer interaction model. This model manifests itself in at least two forms of systems: restricted domain systems, which are specific, limited, more complex, and open domain systems, which address general subjects, not constrained to a particular topic, exhibiting a diversity that prevents the presentation in greater detail on any particular topic. Ideally, a QA system should combine in a practical way the main characteristics of the existing models in order to unite the variety of topics covered by the open domain systems and the thoroughness of the restricted domain systems. One possible solution is to combine several instances of restricted domain systems into a single open domain system. For this, a routing mechanism able to select one of the available instances must exist. Then, the selected instance should answer the question about the represented domain. In this work, a mechanism for selecting instances of QA systems is presented in shape of a hierarchical question domain classifier. Domains are naturally organized in a hierarchical taxonomy. When classifying the proposed questions into one of them, the classifier tries to select the most suitable QA system to answer the question. Although, for the purpose of training the classifier, quality data is mandatory. To tackle this dependency, an automatic question generation strategy based on documents was applied, resulting in a large synthetic question dataset. Results were promising when the classifier was evaluated against a real question dataset, suggesting that automatic question generation is feasible to train the classifier. In conclusion, the developed routing mechanism can be used to build a solid and universal hybrid QA system, ensembling the best qualities of each kind of system stand-alone.
Mecanismos para resiliência na cadeia de suprimentos: uma análise sob a ótica da indústria processadora de carnes
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-06-04)
Santos, Márcio Gonçalves dos
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Alcântara, Rosane Lúcia Chicarelli
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6141230203546076
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6982128189916053
The purpose of this thesis was to identify how resilience mechanisms can promote supply chain resilience in the context of supply side and demand side disruption risks. For this purpose, the construction of the theoretical foundations was carried out using the Systematic Literature Review. The results were systematized in proactive and reactive management approaches, supply chain resilience stages (anticipation, reaction and recovery) and supply chain resiliency management mechanisms (previous, intermediary and response). In the empirical phase of the research, five case studies were developed in meat processing industries in the state of Mato Grosso, medium to large, representative of the sector being three beef, one pork and one chicken. Data collection was done through interviews with managers responsible for the supply sector and with managers responsible for the commercial sector (or equivalent function), document analysis and direct observation. The results indicate that the sources of disruptions that these chains are subject determine the management practices to be developed. It has been found that meat chains develop a proactive approach to resilience management on the supply side and demand side. However, in relation to the ruptures related to the external market, as an embargo on the Brazilian beef exports, the dependence on the decisions of the regulatory agencies, such as the Ministry of Livestock and Food Supply, lead the chains to the reactive management approach, taking more time to react and recover from ruptures. The main risk factors for ruptures in the beef chain are the high geographic dispersion of suppliers and the low development of roads and highways infrastructure, leading these industries to adopt the decentralization of production processes, with slaughter units located near suppliers and units of boning and industrialization near the distribution centers, besides the maintenance of own confinements and independent buyers. These practices allow greater flexibility in supplying the chain. In the case of pork and chicken chains, the risks of supply disruptions are related to environmental factors that affect the raw material production system, such as humidity, temperature and heat. The management practice was the verticalization in the supply, through integrated farms to produce chickens and own farms in the case of the pigs. However, the data showed that this practice reduces supply chain flexibility in situations of ruptures, but it increases supply chain visibility which allows to anticipate the risk factors of ruptures. In relation to the demand side, the main factors of disruption to meat supply chains are the low development of logistics infrastructure, road stoppages caused by indigenous people or members of the landless movement, and embargoes on exports. The beef chain decentralizes production processes and maintains distribution centers in the major consuming regions, the pork chain maintains supply contracts with key customers and the chicken meat chain segments the distribution by geographic regions.
A divisão subgenérica de Trypoxylon Latreille, 1796 (Hymenoptera: Crabronidae) é sustentada por marcadores moleculares?
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-06-04)
Sabadini, Camila Pereira
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Del Lama, Marco Antonio
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7198095288825585
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8040250014424970
The family Crabronidae comprises a group of extreme importance to the phylogeny of Hymenopytera and is considered by some authors to be the group that gave rise to bees. Despite this importance, very few studies have been conducted on the family. Trypoxylon is the most diverse genus in Crabronidae, with 631 species. Females supply of their nests with spiders, which are paralyzed and deposited in brood cells arranged linearly in pre-existing cavities or in nests of mud built by the females. The genus is divided into two subgenera based on morphological and behavioral characteristics. Trypoxylon (Trypoxylon) sensu stricto is the most diverse and has no synapomorphies that sustain it as a monophyletic group. Nevertheless, the subgenus Trypoxylon (Trypargilum) is characterized by the guard behavior displayed by males. Although studies on the subgenus Trypoxylon (Trypargilum) have been developed in Brazil, few investigations have addressed the subgenus Trypoxylon (Trypoxylon) or the phylogeny of the genus, which becomes more difficult due to the lack of specialists in the country that can perform the taxonomical identification of these organisms. The use of molecular markers in genetic evolutionary studies is an option for cases like Trypoxylon and enables the study of the evolutionary history of the genus. Therefore, the following question was raised and served as the basis for the present study: "Is the subgeneric division of Trypoxylon Latreille, 1796 (Hymenoptera: Crabronidae) supported by molecular markers?" To answer this question, we extracted and sequenced the pol, CytB and COI regions of 268 samples of the genus Trypoxylon. We also searched on databases and found 173 sequences of the COI gene. These sequences were subjected to analyses of nucleotide diversity, phylogenetic analysis by Bayesian Inference and Maximum Likelihood and estimated time of divergence as well as the delimitation and identification of species. The results showed that the nuclear gene pol is less varied in comparison to the mitochondrial genes CytB and COI, which were good candidates for the study of intraspecific and interspecific variation. The molecular data had high support values for the division of the subgenera into Trypoxylon (Trypoxylon) and Trypoxylon (Trypargilum). However, the findings suggest that there may be more than two subgenera in the genus Trypoxylon. The species delimitation analyses demonstrated the same results in most cases, but the inconsistencies encountered resemble the difficulties found in the classification, strongly suggesting the need for a revision of the group based on morphological traits and molecular markers.
Expressão gênica no desenvolvimento adulto de operárias de Frieseomelitta varia
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-06-04)
Jaskot, Michael Christopher
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Nunes, Francis de Morais Franco
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1974857490729279
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5334560703511061
Global declines in pollinators have served as the impetus for the widespread study of hymenopterans. The molecular processes controlling detoxification and antioxidant pathways are of supreme importance to insects that are in contact with the possible causes of these declines, such as pesticides, xenobiotics and pathogens. As hymenopterans such as Apis mellifera have been thoroughly studied with regards to their genetics and hormone titers, we desired to uncover if similar molecular characteristics are found in less-frequently managed eusocial bees. The phenomenon of temporal polyethism, present in numerous bee species, can also be investigated with regard to the modulation of genetic expression across age and task groups. However, the levels of genetic expression among detoxification, xenobiotic degradation, antioxidant, defense, developmental and ageing pathways in the Brazilian stingless bee Frieseomelitta varia are not studied and specific information pertaining to these processes are generally unknown to science. In this study, variations in the genetic expression of genes from different families and functional categories (related to the progression of adult development (longevity/ageing) and/or involved in the general mechanisms of defense (detoxification/xenobiotics, antioxidants and the immune system)) were investigated in workers of the bee Frieseomelitta varia by means of semiquantitative RT-PCR (Reverse Transcriptase Chain Reaction) in three age groups: new workers (~ 0-5 days), intermediates (~ 12-19 days) and foragers (~ 29-50 days). P450 6aq1 showed uniform expression in the three groups, while two genes from the same family, shade and spook, were up regulated in new bees. The antioxidants sod and cat were expressed with the same pattern of up regulation in new and intermediate bees. Relish and dorsal, transcription factors in defense pathways, were up regulated in new bees. High levels of gst-s1 and gst-s4 transcripts were found, signifying that in the three groups detoxification pathways are active. Transcriptome data was also analyzed (RNA-seq, Illumuna) using the integument of recently-emerged workers and foragers. RT-PCR and RNA-seq data demonstrate that the molecular behavior of some genes found in other species, such as A. mellifera, is similar to what is observed in F. varia. Coinciding with scientific literature, the gene coding for juvenile hormone esterase (jhe) is expressed in similar levels in new and intermediate bees, and both significantly more expressed than in foragers. The gene coding for vitellogenin (vg) showed to be greatly expressed in the intermediate phase, compared to the lower levels found in new and foraging bees. Such data suggest that the double repressor hypothesis of juvenile hormone and vg, described in A. mellifera, is also valid for F. varia adults RNA-seq data was also compiled and analyzed for P450, GST and CCE families as well as other detoxification and metabolic pathway constituents. P450 genes were generally found to be up regulated in foragers, suggesting more of a detoxification role rather than developmental. Two of the three GST genes surveyed were found to be highly up regulated in newly emerged adults. Expression of antioxidant genes varied greatly, suggesting specific roles for each protein at a certain developmental stage. Expression of developmental genes also varied, yet several of the gene surveyed, chico, foxo, calponin and kruppel were concomitantly expressed do to their interdependence in molecular circuitry. Genes such as hexamarin-110 and hexamarin-70b were found to be extremely up regulated in newly emerged adults, agreeing with their known role in amino acid storage to facilitate growth during adult stages. Of great interest was the almost universal up regulation of immune response and defense genes in foragers, bolstering the assertion that these individuals will need higher levels of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) to defend themselves from pathogens located outside of the hive. The use of F. varia in research has shown the importance of understanding the genetic processes in all hymenopterans, while adding information to the data of already well-known species, such as A. mellifera.
Desejos à margem: fragmentos de memórias homossexuais em São Carlos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-06-04)
Kurashige, Keith Diego
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Escudeiro, Richard Miskolci
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1623888309974862
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1815508785596967
Through time, notable changes took place in the sphere of homosexual desire. Men who sought to have sexual encounter with other men for sexual purposes from the few available models in their daily lives acquired more social vocabulary, while the communication media like radio, cinema and television were developing. At fast pace, in a short historical gap, the meetings that were mirrored by the local models soon were also mirrored by models coming from other contexts by the media. The AIDS epidemic emerged in this scenario, and acting as a catalyst pumped the representation sphere and thus intensified the presence of homosexuality in speeches, since the disease was at first considered a gay disease, discussions and debates were raised. It was possible, due to this tragic context, to create both positive and negative images in the media, which caused the start of new ways of identification and alternative ways to have those meetings. Digital media emerged soon after, and it was at first one of many refuges for those trying to circumvent social barriers. The contact with communication media became more intense through accessibility, and the representations that emerged in it began to take a leading role in the social vocabulary of seeking love / sexual partners, making subjects increasingly connected to the idealized models. This history has contextual specificities which I unraveled from the memory of the research subjects that helped me rebuild an alternate history of the city of São Carlos.
Filtragem não-local do ruído Speckle em imagens SAR com modelagem estatística dos coeficientes da Wavelet de Haar e distâncias estocásticas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-06-04)
Penna, Pedro Augusto de Alagão
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Mascarenhas, Nelson Delfino d'Ávila
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0557976975338451
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3366188668459058
Due to the coherent processing of synthetic aperture radar (SAR) systems, multiplicative speckle noise arises providing a granular appearance in SAR images. This kind of noise makes it difficult to analyse and interpret Earth surface images. Therefore, the search for new techniques to mitigate the speckle is a constant task in the image processing literature. Current state-of-the-art filters in remote sensing area explore the philosophy of similarity between patches (neighborhoods). This thesis aims to expand a recently proposed filtering algorithm:the Non-Local Means (NLM), which represents a new paradigm for filtering images, and analyses and compares its capacity of speckle reduction in intensity SAR images, technique known in the literature as despeckling. This filter was originally proposed for the additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN). The NLM filter extension considers a scenario with the more aggressive noise, i.e., the single-look speckle, and it is possible to attenuate the noise by replacing the original distance used to measure the similarity between patches, the Euclidean distance, with the stochastic distances and apply the proposed filter in the Haar wavelets domain. To achieve this goal, the Haar wavelet coefficients were described by the Exponential-Polynomial (EP) and Gamma distributions. The main contribution of this proposal is to work with the NLM, originally developed for the image space domain, directly in the wavelets domain, by computing the stochastic distances based on the EP and Gamma distributions. In addition, this proposal shows that it is advantageous to use elaborate methods for post-filtering processing, such as Dual Domain Filtering (DDF) and Data Adaptive Dual Domain Denoising (DA3D), as they can improve the quality of the filtered image both of the proposed method and the state-of-the-art algorithm. Finally, an analysis and comparison of the results of the proposed method are made, which show that this new approach was able to attenuate the presence of speckle in the more aggressive case, with some of the recent filters in the literature. The obtained results show that the proposed filter is competitive.