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Excesso de peso corporal e indicadores sociais, nutricionais e de saúde em escolas municipais
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-05-30)
Zanin, Ana Flávia de Freitas
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Souto, Bernardino Geraldo Alves
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7264826508407685
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Duarte, Ana Cláudia Garcia de Oliveira
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1996950253264696
Introduction: Overweight in childhood is positively associated with overweight in adulthood. In the medium and long term, being overweight may be a risk factor for hypertension, diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Objective: Verifying the prevalence of overweight and obesity and related factors (food consumption, physical activity, family income, birth weight and breastfeeding) in children from 7 to 10 years old, students in the public elementary schools in the city of São Carlos, state of Sao Paulo, Brazil, in the year of 2017. Methods: Exploratory survey conducted between september and november of 2017, with 306 children (154 boys: 152 girls), enrolled between the 2nd and 5th year of elementary school in 7 public elementary schools. The nutritional diagnostic of overweight (≥ z-score +1) and obesity (≥ z-score +2) was based on the World Health Organization’s Body Mass Index curves for age and gender. The variables family income, birth weight and breastfeeding duration were obtained in questionnaires completed by parents. And the information about food consumption and physical activity were completed by students, in the school, on the day of the anthropometry. Statistical analysis has been done through Epi Info 7.2.2.1, R e Sas OnDemand softwares. Values of p < 0.05 were considered statistically significant.The association between excess weight (overweight and obesity) and other variables was investigated using Chi-Square, Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney and Pearson’s correlation tests. Results: The prevalence of overweight and obesity was 22% and 24%, respectively. Overweight including obesity were found in 46% of the children. Among the variables investigated, the overweight was statistically associated with the waist circumference (p < 0.001), sedentary activities (such watching television or playing electronic games or using computer) (p 0.0228) and birth weight (p 0.0333). We observed that students who did not consume beans 5 times or more in the week were approximately 1.83 times more likely to have overweight. Regarding the school feeding menu, there was a predominance in the morning snack/ afternoon snack of ultraprocessed foods (70.6%) and in the main meal, in natura or minimally processed foods (57.1%). Conclusion: The prevalence of overweight found in schoolchildren was higher than the national average, which it worries and increase the need for corrective and preventive interventions in this age group. Based on the findings, believed that educational actions on healthy eating allied the physical activity and control of the time of use of electronic devices should be held at school. Finally, industrialized foods should be offered in school meals in a complementary way, prioritizing in natura or minimally processed foods, since these foods contribute positively to the growth and development of children.
Arranjos de árvores na deposição de serapilheira e atributos físicos do solo em cafezal
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-05-30)
Oliveira, Erivaldo Silva de
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Santos, Ricardo Henrique Silva
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5117391916647422
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Fontanetti, Anastácia
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3598362104615834
This work aimed to evaluate the effects of shading trees spatial distribution at soil physical properties, litterfall production and its contents of nutrients on shaded coffee plants. Two experiments were conducted in a coffee field shaded with native species located in Santo Antônio do Jardim, SP, between the months of October 2016 and September 2017. The first experiment was designed as a 2 x 3 factorial with 6 repetitions. In the second, the total litter production variable was analyzed in DBC design in a 2x4 factorial scheme with six replicates. The monthly litter production followed the DBC in a 2x4x9 factorial scheme with six replications. For the content and accumulation of nutrients was used the DBC with four treatments. Two soil sample points: Shading trees planting rows (LPA) and Shading trees between rows (EPA). Three soil sample depths: 0-0,10m, 0,10-0,20m and 0,20-0,40m. Disturbed and undisturbed soil samples were collected according to the treatments to determine the soil physical properties and organic matter contents. For the second experiment, four points of litterfall deposition were sampled in LPA, distancing 1,5m, 3,0m, 4,5m, and 6,0m from shading trees trunk and other four points in EPA parallelly distributed to LPA points, also distancing 1,5m, 3,0m, 4,5m and 6,0m. The sampling was made with a plastic box dimensioning 0,52m in length, 0,35m in width and 0,17m in height displaced on the soil, under the projection of coffee trees canopy. LPA soil at the 0-0,10m depth shown reduction in density, what contributed to greater flocculation rate and average weighted diameter of aggregates. The months of May, August and September presented greater litterfall depositions, it being superior in LPA. The species that most contributed to that increase were the coffee tree and Cassia grandis. Coffee trees litterfall shown greater contents of N, K and Mg and Cassia grandis was the wooden species that shown superior contents of Ca and S in the litterfall.
Efeito do estrógeno na palatabilidade ao sódio de ratas com apetite ao sódio
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-05-30)
Pereira Junior, Emilson Donizete
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Menani, José Vanderlei
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Luca Júnior, Laurival Antonio de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1023597870118105
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Andrade, Carina Aparecida Fabrício de
Excessive salt intake has been associated with the development or worsening of chronic diseases such as hypertension. Spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) have a typical increased sodium preference. Estrogen influences arterial pressure and sodium appetite, but we do not know how much ovarian hormones influence sodium palatability, particularly in SHR. Here we evaluated the influence of ovarian hormones on sodium palatability of female SHR. Bilateral ovariectomy (OVX) increased 0.3 M NaCl intake induced by water deprivation - partial dehydration (WD-PR) in the sodium appetite test in normotensive (Holtzman-HTZ) and adult SHR rats, compared to the respective controls (sham surgery). In the taste reactivity test, there was also an increase in the frequency of hedonic responses to intra-oral infusion of 0.3 M NaCl (IO-NaCl) in both ovariectomized normotensive and hypertensive rats. The frequency of aversive responses was not altered by ovariectomy. High-dose estrogen ( 50 μg / rat) supplementation in intact SHR (8-9 months) decreased the frequency of hedonic responses to I0-NaCl and increased frequency of aversive responses after partial rehydration before access to sodium. Estrogen supplementation also decreased 0.3 M NaCl intake without changes in frequency of hedonic or aversive responses to I0-NaCl after sodium intake. Daily replacement of estrogen (10 μg / rat) in SHR OVX decreased WD-PR-induced 0.3 M NaCl intake without changes in baseline cardiovascular parameters. This estrogen treatment reduced ANG II pressor response when compared to the same stimulus in ovariectomized rats treated with vehicle. Daily estrogen replacement (10 μg/day) also decreased the number of hedonic responses to IO-0.3 M NaCl in hypertensive rats with WD-PR- induced sodium appetite, without changes in number of aversive responses. Blockade of ANG II AT1 receptors decreased WD-PR- induced 0.3 M NaCl intake and palatability in SHR rats. In summary, the absence of ovarian hormones increased hedonic properties of the taste produced by the IO-0.3 M NaCl in rats, hypertensive and normotensive, whereas estrogen replacement and supplementation had an inhibitory effect on appetite and palatability to sodium, respectively in females SHR. The results suggest that estrogen has an inhibitory effect on sodium palatability in SHR rats, thus influencing the ingestion of this ion in these animals.
Comunidade que Sustenta a Agricultura (CSA) em São Paulo e Agricultura Solidária (SoLaWi) na Alemanha: construindo indicadores sociais, econômicos e ambientais
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-05-30)
Amorim, Joana Ortega de Lima
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Marjotta-Maistro, Marta Cristina
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3987280258617095
Our history shows a shift in the standards of knowledge and technology applied in agriculture. In order to minimize the negative impacts generated by the "green revolution", organic and agroecological production practices also emerge. These include concepts of family agriculture, solidarity economy and local Food systems in Brazil and Europe, and in this context CSA (Community Supported Agriculture) emerges. Studies abour CSA in Brazil are recent and there is a demand for guidelines in pursuit of their establishment as a sustainable option. In this sense we chose the SoLaWi - Solidarich Landwirtschaften (Solidarity Agriculture) in Germany as a parallel for the development of this work. The objective of this work is to analyze the social, economic and environmental aspects that constitute the practices and relations of SoLaWi and CSA, to construct qualitative indicators for each aspect and make a qualitative comparison between SoLaWi and CSA describing the strategies and difficulties, making contributions about the main challenges. The research was qualitative based on the critical communicative methodology and complemented by content analysis and documentary analysis. From the data were created excludent and transformative indicators and it was observed that CSA act by strengthening agroecology in Germany and Brazil. Farmers 'support and empowerment, membership and work opportunity for members, self-management and farmers' autonomy are indicators of transformative social aspects, and this is challenged by the difficulty of member participation and management of volunteer work. The search for economic sustainability is represented in a heterogeneous way due to the different contexts of the communities, especially in what refers to the public policies directed to the local food systems and the solidarity economy. The indicators of the environmental aspects of the communities are the search for biodiversity, soil conservation and health of people and ecosystems, finding limitations in soil conservation and access to land. Future studies on the process of community formation and construction in the context of Latin America are indicated, seeking the training of farmers and members for management and investment in the critical education of members through public policies.
Catalisadores magnéticos à base de ferritas de Co ou Zn e de heteroestruturas TiO2/Ferrita – Avaliação na degradação fotocatalítica de lignina
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-05-30)
Souza, Bruna Gonçalves de
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Ruotolo, Luís Augusto Martins
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6167735734348703
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Urquieta-González, Ernesto Antonio
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2389975677904655
Vinasse derived from beverage industry represents a serious environmental risk if not properly treated, mainly attributable to the presence of organic macromolecules with complex structure and composition, the recalcitrant compounds, which gives undesirable properties like high chemical oxygen demand (COD) and an increase of toxicity. Lignin, mainly responsible for the dark coloration characteristic of vinasse, is a compound of difficult degradation, which has not been well explored so far due to the difficulty in developing a viable method able to dealing with the extremely low bioavailability of this molecule, especially due to its recalcitrant characteristics. Among the treatment options, photocatalysis has been outstanding due to the production of extremely reactive radicals which may conduct to complete degradation or to an increase of biodegradability of these compounds in biological process. On the other hand, the catalyst recovery, usually TiO2 nanoparticles, might represent a limitation of photocatalysis. In this regard, ferrites have been used to the formation of TiO2 heterostructures, in order to attain magnetic properties that allow the catalyst recovery from the effluent by the application of an external magnetic field. Furthermore, the ferrites, at the presence of TiO2 and UV radiation, provides the iron source for the photo-Fenton reaction, which contributes to the production of extremely oxidative radicals. In this context, the objective of this project was to synthetize, by the means of microwave-assisted hydrothermal method, magnetic ferrites, pure or doped with Co or Zn, in addition of TiO2 heterostructures, aiming the photocatalytic degradation of lignin. The Rietveld refinement of the XRD results evidenced the formation of spinel-like structures at the pure or doped ferrites. The formation of the TiO2/ferrite heterostructure was verified through HRTEM images, and these samples showed higher SBET in comparison to pure P25 titania. The DRS-UV-Vis analyses indicated that the heterostructures absorption bands were extended to the visible light domain. All the photocatalysts exhibited magnetic properties. The maximum lignin degradation for the H5Zn95Ti heterostructure occurred at pH = 2 and 500 ppm of H2O2.
Rede Cegonha e saúde bucal: um panorama na região central do estado de São Paulo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-05-30)
Pereira, Carmen Lucia de Oliveira
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Aquilante, Aline Guerra
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5699716799010108
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2156574705921554
Descriptive and exploratory study that analyzed oral health care in the Rede Cegonha of the 24 municipalities of the Regional Health Department III - DRS III / Araraquara, state of São Paulo. A survey of the number of pregnant women registered with SISPRENATAL in 2015 and 2016 was carried out; and the identification of potentialities and weaknesses in the oral health care path at Rede Cegonha. The information collected in the SISPRENATAL database and in the questionnaires received descriptive statistical treatment, while the information obtained from the interviews with the DRS-III articulators was subjected to thematic content analysis. In the cut off of the studied period, 17,959 pregnant women were registered in SISPRENATAL by the 170 health establishments that provide prenatal care in DRS-III. Pregnant women are predominantly white women aged 20 to 29 years old. The full management of municipalities is seen as a power, as it gives autonomy to build and implement contextualized actions, while the lack of protocols and flows is pointed out as the greatest weakness in comprehensive prenatal care. Considering that oral health care is transversal to the Health Care Networks, this study signals the need to strengthen oral health actions in the Rede Cegonha.
Utilização de mecanismos de roteamento para seleção de sistemas de Question Answering
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-05-30)
Tavares, Leandro Luciani
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Almeida, Tiago Agostinho de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5368680512020633
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2796738470051942
The evolution of the interaction between humans and computers has accompanied the technological evolution of computers themselves. This process culminated in the rise of a subfield of computing called Questioning Answering (QA), which provides a form of natural interaction between machines and humans --- the Question-Answer interaction model. This model manifests itself in at least two forms of systems: restricted domain systems, which are specific, limited, more complex, and open domain systems, which address general subjects, not constrained to a particular topic, exhibiting a diversity that prevents the presentation in greater detail on any particular topic. Ideally, a QA system should combine in a practical way the main characteristics of the existing models in order to unite the variety of topics covered by the open domain systems and the thoroughness of the restricted domain systems. One possible solution is to combine several instances of restricted domain systems into a single open domain system. For this, a routing mechanism able to select one of the available instances must exist. Then, the selected instance should answer the question about the represented domain. In this work, a mechanism for selecting instances of QA systems is presented in shape of a hierarchical question domain classifier. Domains are naturally organized in a hierarchical taxonomy. When classifying the proposed questions into one of them, the classifier tries to select the most suitable QA system to answer the question. Although, for the purpose of training the classifier, quality data is mandatory. To tackle this dependency, an automatic question generation strategy based on documents was applied, resulting in a large synthetic question dataset. Results were promising when the classifier was evaluated against a real question dataset, suggesting that automatic question generation is feasible to train the classifier. In conclusion, the developed routing mechanism can be used to build a solid and universal hybrid QA system, ensembling the best qualities of each kind of system stand-alone.
Mecanismos para resiliência na cadeia de suprimentos: uma análise sob a ótica da indústria processadora de carnes
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-06-04)
Santos, Márcio Gonçalves dos
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Alcântara, Rosane Lúcia Chicarelli
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6141230203546076
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6982128189916053
The purpose of this thesis was to identify how resilience mechanisms can promote supply chain resilience in the context of supply side and demand side disruption risks. For this purpose, the construction of the theoretical foundations was carried out using the Systematic Literature Review. The results were systematized in proactive and reactive management approaches, supply chain resilience stages (anticipation, reaction and recovery) and supply chain resiliency management mechanisms (previous, intermediary and response). In the empirical phase of the research, five case studies were developed in meat processing industries in the state of Mato Grosso, medium to large, representative of the sector being three beef, one pork and one chicken. Data collection was done through interviews with managers responsible for the supply sector and with managers responsible for the commercial sector (or equivalent function), document analysis and direct observation. The results indicate that the sources of disruptions that these chains are subject determine the management practices to be developed. It has been found that meat chains develop a proactive approach to resilience management on the supply side and demand side. However, in relation to the ruptures related to the external market, as an embargo on the Brazilian beef exports, the dependence on the decisions of the regulatory agencies, such as the Ministry of Livestock and Food Supply, lead the chains to the reactive management approach, taking more time to react and recover from ruptures. The main risk factors for ruptures in the beef chain are the high geographic dispersion of suppliers and the low development of roads and highways infrastructure, leading these industries to adopt the decentralization of production processes, with slaughter units located near suppliers and units of boning and industrialization near the distribution centers, besides the maintenance of own confinements and independent buyers. These practices allow greater flexibility in supplying the chain. In the case of pork and chicken chains, the risks of supply disruptions are related to environmental factors that affect the raw material production system, such as humidity, temperature and heat. The management practice was the verticalization in the supply, through integrated farms to produce chickens and own farms in the case of the pigs. However, the data showed that this practice reduces supply chain flexibility in situations of ruptures, but it increases supply chain visibility which allows to anticipate the risk factors of ruptures. In relation to the demand side, the main factors of disruption to meat supply chains are the low development of logistics infrastructure, road stoppages caused by indigenous people or members of the landless movement, and embargoes on exports. The beef chain decentralizes production processes and maintains distribution centers in the major consuming regions, the pork chain maintains supply contracts with key customers and the chicken meat chain segments the distribution by geographic regions.
A divisão subgenérica de Trypoxylon Latreille, 1796 (Hymenoptera: Crabronidae) é sustentada por marcadores moleculares?
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-06-04)
Sabadini, Camila Pereira
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Del Lama, Marco Antonio
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7198095288825585
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8040250014424970
The family Crabronidae comprises a group of extreme importance to the phylogeny of Hymenopytera and is considered by some authors to be the group that gave rise to bees. Despite this importance, very few studies have been conducted on the family. Trypoxylon is the most diverse genus in Crabronidae, with 631 species. Females supply of their nests with spiders, which are paralyzed and deposited in brood cells arranged linearly in pre-existing cavities or in nests of mud built by the females. The genus is divided into two subgenera based on morphological and behavioral characteristics. Trypoxylon (Trypoxylon) sensu stricto is the most diverse and has no synapomorphies that sustain it as a monophyletic group. Nevertheless, the subgenus Trypoxylon (Trypargilum) is characterized by the guard behavior displayed by males. Although studies on the subgenus Trypoxylon (Trypargilum) have been developed in Brazil, few investigations have addressed the subgenus Trypoxylon (Trypoxylon) or the phylogeny of the genus, which becomes more difficult due to the lack of specialists in the country that can perform the taxonomical identification of these organisms. The use of molecular markers in genetic evolutionary studies is an option for cases like Trypoxylon and enables the study of the evolutionary history of the genus. Therefore, the following question was raised and served as the basis for the present study: "Is the subgeneric division of Trypoxylon Latreille, 1796 (Hymenoptera: Crabronidae) supported by molecular markers?" To answer this question, we extracted and sequenced the pol, CytB and COI regions of 268 samples of the genus Trypoxylon. We also searched on databases and found 173 sequences of the COI gene. These sequences were subjected to analyses of nucleotide diversity, phylogenetic analysis by Bayesian Inference and Maximum Likelihood and estimated time of divergence as well as the delimitation and identification of species. The results showed that the nuclear gene pol is less varied in comparison to the mitochondrial genes CytB and COI, which were good candidates for the study of intraspecific and interspecific variation. The molecular data had high support values for the division of the subgenera into Trypoxylon (Trypoxylon) and Trypoxylon (Trypargilum). However, the findings suggest that there may be more than two subgenera in the genus Trypoxylon. The species delimitation analyses demonstrated the same results in most cases, but the inconsistencies encountered resemble the difficulties found in the classification, strongly suggesting the need for a revision of the group based on morphological traits and molecular markers.
Expressão gênica no desenvolvimento adulto de operárias de Frieseomelitta varia
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-06-04)
Jaskot, Michael Christopher
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Nunes, Francis de Morais Franco
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1974857490729279
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5334560703511061
Global declines in pollinators have served as the impetus for the widespread study of hymenopterans. The molecular processes controlling detoxification and antioxidant pathways are of supreme importance to insects that are in contact with the possible causes of these declines, such as pesticides, xenobiotics and pathogens. As hymenopterans such as Apis mellifera have been thoroughly studied with regards to their genetics and hormone titers, we desired to uncover if similar molecular characteristics are found in less-frequently managed eusocial bees. The phenomenon of temporal polyethism, present in numerous bee species, can also be investigated with regard to the modulation of genetic expression across age and task groups. However, the levels of genetic expression among detoxification, xenobiotic degradation, antioxidant, defense, developmental and ageing pathways in the Brazilian stingless bee Frieseomelitta varia are not studied and specific information pertaining to these processes are generally unknown to science. In this study, variations in the genetic expression of genes from different families and functional categories (related to the progression of adult development (longevity/ageing) and/or involved in the general mechanisms of defense (detoxification/xenobiotics, antioxidants and the immune system)) were investigated in workers of the bee Frieseomelitta varia by means of semiquantitative RT-PCR (Reverse Transcriptase Chain Reaction) in three age groups: new workers (~ 0-5 days), intermediates (~ 12-19 days) and foragers (~ 29-50 days). P450 6aq1 showed uniform expression in the three groups, while two genes from the same family, shade and spook, were up regulated in new bees. The antioxidants sod and cat were expressed with the same pattern of up regulation in new and intermediate bees. Relish and dorsal, transcription factors in defense pathways, were up regulated in new bees. High levels of gst-s1 and gst-s4 transcripts were found, signifying that in the three groups detoxification pathways are active. Transcriptome data was also analyzed (RNA-seq, Illumuna) using the integument of recently-emerged workers and foragers. RT-PCR and RNA-seq data demonstrate that the molecular behavior of some genes found in other species, such as A. mellifera, is similar to what is observed in F. varia. Coinciding with scientific literature, the gene coding for juvenile hormone esterase (jhe) is expressed in similar levels in new and intermediate bees, and both significantly more expressed than in foragers. The gene coding for vitellogenin (vg) showed to be greatly expressed in the intermediate phase, compared to the lower levels found in new and foraging bees. Such data suggest that the double repressor hypothesis of juvenile hormone and vg, described in A. mellifera, is also valid for F. varia adults RNA-seq data was also compiled and analyzed for P450, GST and CCE families as well as other detoxification and metabolic pathway constituents. P450 genes were generally found to be up regulated in foragers, suggesting more of a detoxification role rather than developmental. Two of the three GST genes surveyed were found to be highly up regulated in newly emerged adults. Expression of antioxidant genes varied greatly, suggesting specific roles for each protein at a certain developmental stage. Expression of developmental genes also varied, yet several of the gene surveyed, chico, foxo, calponin and kruppel were concomitantly expressed do to their interdependence in molecular circuitry. Genes such as hexamarin-110 and hexamarin-70b were found to be extremely up regulated in newly emerged adults, agreeing with their known role in amino acid storage to facilitate growth during adult stages. Of great interest was the almost universal up regulation of immune response and defense genes in foragers, bolstering the assertion that these individuals will need higher levels of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) to defend themselves from pathogens located outside of the hive. The use of F. varia in research has shown the importance of understanding the genetic processes in all hymenopterans, while adding information to the data of already well-known species, such as A. mellifera.
Desejos à margem: fragmentos de memórias homossexuais em São Carlos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-06-04)
Kurashige, Keith Diego
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Escudeiro, Richard Miskolci
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1623888309974862
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1815508785596967
Through time, notable changes took place in the sphere of homosexual desire. Men who sought to have sexual encounter with other men for sexual purposes from the few available models in their daily lives acquired more social vocabulary, while the communication media like radio, cinema and television were developing. At fast pace, in a short historical gap, the meetings that were mirrored by the local models soon were also mirrored by models coming from other contexts by the media. The AIDS epidemic emerged in this scenario, and acting as a catalyst pumped the representation sphere and thus intensified the presence of homosexuality in speeches, since the disease was at first considered a gay disease, discussions and debates were raised. It was possible, due to this tragic context, to create both positive and negative images in the media, which caused the start of new ways of identification and alternative ways to have those meetings. Digital media emerged soon after, and it was at first one of many refuges for those trying to circumvent social barriers. The contact with communication media became more intense through accessibility, and the representations that emerged in it began to take a leading role in the social vocabulary of seeking love / sexual partners, making subjects increasingly connected to the idealized models. This history has contextual specificities which I unraveled from the memory of the research subjects that helped me rebuild an alternate history of the city of São Carlos.
Filtragem não-local do ruído Speckle em imagens SAR com modelagem estatística dos coeficientes da Wavelet de Haar e distâncias estocásticas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-06-04)
Penna, Pedro Augusto de Alagão
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Mascarenhas, Nelson Delfino d'Ávila
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0557976975338451
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3366188668459058
Due to the coherent processing of synthetic aperture radar (SAR) systems, multiplicative speckle noise arises providing a granular appearance in SAR images. This kind of noise makes it difficult to analyse and interpret Earth surface images. Therefore, the search for new techniques to mitigate the speckle is a constant task in the image processing literature. Current state-of-the-art filters in remote sensing area explore the philosophy of similarity between patches (neighborhoods). This thesis aims to expand a recently proposed filtering algorithm:the Non-Local Means (NLM), which represents a new paradigm for filtering images, and analyses and compares its capacity of speckle reduction in intensity SAR images, technique known in the literature as despeckling. This filter was originally proposed for the additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN). The NLM filter extension considers a scenario with the more aggressive noise, i.e., the single-look speckle, and it is possible to attenuate the noise by replacing the original distance used to measure the similarity between patches, the Euclidean distance, with the stochastic distances and apply the proposed filter in the Haar wavelets domain. To achieve this goal, the Haar wavelet coefficients were described by the Exponential-Polynomial (EP) and Gamma distributions. The main contribution of this proposal is to work with the NLM, originally developed for the image space domain, directly in the wavelets domain, by computing the stochastic distances based on the EP and Gamma distributions. In addition, this proposal shows that it is advantageous to use elaborate methods for post-filtering processing, such as Dual Domain Filtering (DDF) and Data Adaptive Dual Domain Denoising (DA3D), as they can improve the quality of the filtered image both of the proposed method and the state-of-the-art algorithm. Finally, an analysis and comparison of the results of the proposed method are made, which show that this new approach was able to attenuate the presence of speckle in the more aggressive case, with some of the recent filters in the literature. The obtained results show that the proposed filter is competitive.
Um estudo sobre plantadores de árvores e seu cuidado com as árvores em áreas urbanas públicas de Araras, SP, Brasil
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-06-06)
Ribeiro, André Lauand
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Borges, Janice Rodrigues Placeres
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2373278362705384
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3877293039809446
The planter´s practice in public areas has not been special focus of academic studies in bibliography regarding urban arborization and greening. This dissertation proposes to narrow this academic gap, through a study about the contemporary tree-planter, as well as to discuss the role of man on caring for the local environment; considering two fundamental aspects: the rural origins of these tree planters and the caring aspect as vital to environment preservation and the return of direct contact of man with Nature in urban areas. The works were intitated with a search and initial observations in newspaper articles and visitation to the majority of the public spaces suit to planting in the municipality of Araras, SP, to come to this issue, that this phenomenon has been poorly studied, in face of a considerable number of planters observed in these areas. Later on, in loco visits, 121 areas of 350 were found (of 420 aproximattely in total) in which was observed practice of planting and caring by dwellers and 57 of them were identified as planters. Of these 57, 17 of them were chosen, in 7 areas, having planting and caring activity. In face of this, we opted to interview them, by means of a guide consisting of semi-structured interviews. The results point that all interviewees have ties with countryside/rural. Moreover, that caring for dwellers precedes maintenance. It emphasizes the tree planter´s role in taking care of Nature in the city. It also points to a renovation in the way of thinking about green areas. For example, inventory of tree planters also could be done (not just tree inventories), of those who engage in planting and taking care of them.
Concretos refratários avançados contendo nano-óxidos produzidos pelo Método Pechini
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-06-06)
Alves Júnior, José Antonio
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Baldo, João Baptista
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2410385643716370
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Boschi, Anselmo Ortega
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3259846931278607
Recently there is a great effort to use the benefits of nanometric powders additions in the matrices of advanced refractory concretes of ; low (LC), ultra low (ULC) and no cement (NC) refractory concretes, in order to make their microstructures more resistant to corrosion and thermal shock damage. The common routes consist in the addition of nano-oxides of refractory phases of interest in the form of colloidal liquid or pre prepared powder. These during the firing of the concretes result in particles that are not really nanometric, but rather sub-micrometric or even micrometrics, which decreases their potential benefits. In this work, aiming the in situ development of nano oxide particles of Al, Mg and Cr, for better thermo mechanical properties, polymer resins produced by the Pechini Method, were added to advanced concretes (LC, ULC and NC) typical compositions, serving doubly as a kneading liquid for the refractory concretes and at the same time as a source of nano-oxides to the refractory concretes matrices. There is an important difference between this type of in situ development of nanoparticles and those derived from pre-prepared nanometric particles, considering that in the liquid resins the metals are in atomic condition, so that during the pyrolysis and oxidation of the same, the oxides will originate in nascent state, that is, in a truly nano scale, besides being highly reactive and more homogeneously distributed throughout the matrix. The results demonstrated that the inclusion of the liquid resins promoted a significant improvement in the thermomechanical properties of all the concretes when compared to those of no resin addition. Also for comparative grounds, it was prepared individually from each resin, its respective nano oxide powder. These were added to the mass of the refractory concretes in the same proportion of those obtained upon pyrolysis and oxidation of the resins. The results did not show any improvement in the thermomechanical properties comparatively to the in situ development of nano oxides by addition of the liquid resins.
Effects of local and landscape environmental variables on avifauna abundance in forest fragments of Atlantic Forest in southeastern Brazil
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-06-06)
Santos, Clarissa de Oliveira
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Toppa, Rogério Hartung
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0673898572494729
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Piratelli, Augusto João
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4747322084219058
Pristine Neotropical forests have been converted into agricultural lands. Shifts in the internal structure and external pressures on forest remnants affect bird assemblages that require specific resources for survival at different spatial scales. In this study, we verified the relative contribution of three spatial scales (local, immediate surroundings and landscape) on the abundance of birds in Atlantic forest fragments in south-eastern Brazil. We tested whether species that responded in a similar way to environmental variables are in the same foraging guild. We carried out this study through 44 fixed points in 18 fragments, in the buffer zone of a protected area. We sampled 15 environmental variables in three spatial scales; six site-specific, three at the immediate surrounds (buffer radius of 100m), and six at the landscape). We recorded 1724 individuals from 108 species between April 2017 and February 2018. We classified sampled species in 15 foraging groups. The unique fractions of local and landscape have affected bird abundance, but the exclusive immediate surroundings have not significantly influenced this variable. We have identified a pattern related to the effects of local scale only for insectivorous birds, but no pattern for the other foraging guilds linked to any other scales. Our study may support management practices in the studied sites, practices mainly improving the understory density and canopy height of the remaining patches of native forest.
A violência letal intencional no município de Luziânia – GO: conflitos interpessoais e a reciprocidade de vingança
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-06-07)
Cedro, André Sales dos Santos
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Sinhoretto, Jacqueline
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7743699562476490
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9853099461410470
Luziânia is a municipality in the state of Goiás, located in one of the most violent regions of the country, according to several national databases. This work aims to understand the lethal violence that affects the municipality. Since violence, especially lethal violence, occurs in the interactions among subjects, it was studied the relations and interconnections of reciprocity that produce violent death. Thus, we’ve focused on the perceptions that the Luzianian population attributes to lethal violence, especially crimes as homicides and robberies. Therefore, it was intended to describe the social causes and contexts in which these crimes occur, in addition to identifying the predominant social groups that make up these rates. To that end, we’ve investigated - through field research, news reports and interviews with residents, police officers, public and private officials connected to this topic - issues related to lethal violence, involving speeches and narratives about the conflicts that lead to death. Representations attributed to lethal violence are also prominent, especially those shared in digital media such as Facebook and WhatsApp. Consequently, it was concluded that these conflicts, which are generated in the interpersonal relations among the subjects, are solved through physical violence with the intention of extinguishing the life of the adversary, which contributes to spirals of revenge and high rates of violent death.
As transformações do modelo de desenvolvimento e a internacionalização do capital produtivo chinês
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-06-08)
Mescollotto, Karina
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Mascarini, Suelene
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8715035091851102
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Roselino Jr., José Eduardo de Salles
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7410971805108456
This dissertation brings a study about the determinants of the chinese productive capital internationalization, on the period of 2006 to 2015, and the importance of the State and its industrial policy in this process. China has been adopting a differentiated industrial policy in comparison to the developed countries. This policy is bringing positive output into the economic and structural sphere of the country, influencing China‘s enterprises internationalization too. Furthermore, China has stood out because of the non-traditional approach it has used to internationalize its enterprises, the system of comparative disadvantages, which has brought positive returns to the economy and development of the country. Hereby, this dissertation shows the fundamental role of the State in the economic development of China. Finally, there is the intention to analyze, through an empirical approach, to which countries the chinese investment is directed, to which kind of sectors and for what purpose. This will be based on Dunning‘s eclectic paradigm. The results were like expected. There‘s more chance of China investing in countries with higher GDPs and strategic assets indicators, like United Stated, Japan and Germany, and natural resource indicators, like United States, Brazil and Australia, with the purposes of market-seeking, strategic asset-seeking and resource-seeking, respectively.
Disputas e hierarquias no acesso à água em assentamentos de reforma agrária
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-06-08)
Arbarotti, Alexsandro Elias
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Martins, Rodrigo Constante
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6617183095074852
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0078278400218160
This thesis aims to study the disputes and hierarchies regarding the access to water in two Agrovilas, Campinas and Birigui, of Reunidas Agrarian Reform Rural Settlement, located in the municipality of Promissão, in the state of São Paulo. The choice to develop a case study in these two Agrovilas is based on the fact that they present differences in their land structures regarding the access to water. Water considered as a key element to treat in a broad way the environmental issue in that territory. The methodology adopted to research the two Agrovilas was the testimony collection within the oral history perspective. However, as one of the determining elements of these disputes and hierarchies are linked to the management of water resources, which is carried out by the Lower Tietê River Basin Committee, a semi-structured interview was also conducted with the vice-president of the Committee and the documents produced on management and water collection were analyzed. The main results of the research show that due to changes in rainfall regimes with greater periods of drought in the Settlement region, the settlers who have more access to water are in a privileged position as regards the possibility of tracing production strategies. The disputes and hierarchies resulting from this land arrangement eventually were translated into discursive conflicts within the Settlement between those who have and those who do not have access to water. This water shortage increased in the years of 2013/2014, due to a great drought period in the state of São Paulo. This fact raised a rumor about the possibility of charging for the use of water. However, the settlers did not have enough information about how and which institution would perform this collection. Thus, it can be noticed that the Committee is an institution not known by the settlers. Despite they don't know the Committee the settlers are against the model of regulation of water resources which is based on technics and money. Thereby, it is possible to realize the conflict between two territorialities, that of the Committee, with a technical and monetary vision, and that of the settlers, with a view contrary to monetarization and the external regulation of a good that the settlers deem free to be accessed. From these disputes and hierarchies between the settlers themselves and between the settlers and the Basin Committee it is possible to visualize the necessity to think of a management model that is more open to receive the demands and to recognize the knowledges from distinct social groups that historically deal with the water.
Mortalidade de abelhas Apis mellifera em apiários e utilização de agrotóxicos em Citrus: estudo de caso na microrregião de Araraquara (SP)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-06-08)
Cerqueira, Amanda
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Figueiredo, Rodolfo Antônio de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0854609216769461
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9916133395947133
It has been increasingly constant and mediatic the mortality of bees with regard to beekeeping activity and the environmental benefits for the ecosystem balance. Several factors under the responsibility of human action are pointed out as potential precursors of mortality or weakening of colonies. Environmental contamination by the use of agrochemicals and other chemical products and the current agricultural model based on extensive monoculture areas can be mentioned as examples. From the perspective of apicultural production, the social, economic and environmental spheres are included. For the discussion of the challenges that beekeepers are currently facing in the activity, interviews were conducted with 26 beekeepers from the Araraquara microregion, in the state of São Paulo. The pesticides are considered as potentially toxic to pollinators and the orange monocultures of the region are of beekeeping interest. Thus, we sought to investigate, by field survey, the main active principles used by the citrus agro-industries of the study region. The contact was made by phone call and formalized by a Term of Responsibility. The objective was to describe the sublethal effects that these products are capable of causing Apis mellifera bees. The orange honey produced in the region was used as a matrix for laboratory analysis of residues of the active ingredients obtained by liquid and gas chromatography. It was verified that most of the pesticides under discussion belong to the chemical group of neonicotinoids and organophosphates, which are capable of causing a series of damages to the individuals and integrity of the colony. No residues of the agrochemicals obtained in the samples of orange honeys of the region were detected, but the mortality of bees in apiaries remains a frequent problem according to beekeepers interviewed.
Análise da política nacional de resíduos sólidos como marco regulatório provedor de mudanças no arcabouço legal dos entes federados
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-06-08)
Marotti, Ana Cristina Bagatini
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Pugliesi, Érica
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6736386099280623
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0882292538928826
The National Policy of Solid Waste (NPSW), established by Law nº 12,305 of 2010, is the principal policy on solid waste management in the country. The intention of this dissertation is to evaluate the NPSW as a regulatory mark that provides changes in the legislations of the three levels of government, national, state and municipal, until the year 2017. The methodological aspects included documentary analyzes of the national normative and legal framework for solid waste management and before the validation the expert panel method; analyzes of the state solid waste policies published; and a case study in the municipality of Rio de Janeiro referring to municipal legislation. The selection of the municipality was due to the easiness of access and availability to its legal framework and the national importance that the municipality represents. These analyzes are based on transformations of these frameworks, national and municipal, and the state policies against the NPSW’s publication. The results showed that NPSW is a mark for solid waste management and that it was, in part, a provider of changes in the legal framework of the federated entities, because the current national framework is consisted by 77% of legal parts published until 2009, and 23% after this year which have influenced the content established by the NPSW. Despite the changes resulting from the NPSW, some institutions provided by law do not correspond to norms and regulations, impacting on their effectiveness. About the state policies, 30% were published after 2010, or underwent updates to suit national policy, but 26% of states do not yet have their own policies. In the city of Rio de Janeiro, the PMGIRS was published after the promotion of the NPSW, although it presented laws and decrees that encouraged the creation of a plan in pre-2010 years. Thus, the NPSW as a normative and regulatory framework was responsible for providing some changes in the national, state and municipal legal frameworks, but still presenting weaknesses in its execution.