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Excesso de peso corporal e indicadores sociais, nutricionais e de saúde em escolas municipais
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-05-30) Zanin, Ana Flávia de Freitas; Souto, Bernardino Geraldo Alves; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7264826508407685; Duarte, Ana Cláudia Garcia de Oliveira; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1996950253264696; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6566421486519962
Introduction: Overweight in childhood is positively associated with overweight in adulthood. In the medium and long term, being overweight may be a risk factor for hypertension, diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Objective: Verifying the prevalence of overweight and obesity and related factors (food consumption, physical activity, family income, birth weight and breastfeeding) in children from 7 to 10 years old, students in the public elementary schools in the city of São Carlos, state of Sao Paulo, Brazil, in the year of 2017. Methods: Exploratory survey conducted between september and november of 2017, with 306 children (154 boys: 152 girls), enrolled between the 2nd and 5th year of elementary school in 7 public elementary schools. The nutritional diagnostic of overweight (≥ z-score +1) and obesity (≥ z-score +2) was based on the World Health Organization’s Body Mass Index curves for age and gender. The variables family income, birth weight and breastfeeding duration were obtained in questionnaires completed by parents. And the information about food consumption and physical activity were completed by students, in the school, on the day of the anthropometry. Statistical analysis has been done through Epi Info 7.2.2.1, R e Sas OnDemand softwares. Values of p < 0.05 were considered statistically significant.The association between excess weight (overweight and obesity) and other variables was investigated using Chi-Square, Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney and Pearson’s correlation tests. Results: The prevalence of overweight and obesity was 22% and 24%, respectively. Overweight including obesity were found in 46% of the children. Among the variables investigated, the overweight was statistically associated with the waist circumference (p < 0.001), sedentary activities (such watching television or playing electronic games or using computer) (p 0.0228) and birth weight (p 0.0333). We observed that students who did not consume beans 5 times or more in the week were approximately 1.83 times more likely to have overweight. Regarding the school feeding menu, there was a predominance in the morning snack/ afternoon snack of ultraprocessed foods (70.6%) and in the main meal, in natura or minimally processed foods (57.1%). Conclusion: The prevalence of overweight found in schoolchildren was higher than the national average, which it worries and increase the need for corrective and preventive interventions in this age group. Based on the findings, believed that educational actions on healthy eating allied the physical activity and control of the time of use of electronic devices should be held at school. Finally, industrialized foods should be offered in school meals in a complementary way, prioritizing in natura or minimally processed foods, since these foods contribute positively to the growth and development of children.
Arranjos de árvores na deposição de serapilheira e atributos físicos do solo em cafezal
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-05-30) Oliveira, Erivaldo Silva de; Santos, Ricardo Henrique Silva; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5117391916647422; Fontanetti, Anastácia; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3598362104615834; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0882541729072382
This work aimed to evaluate the effects of shading trees spatial distribution at soil physical properties, litterfall production and its contents of nutrients on shaded coffee plants. Two experiments were conducted in a coffee field shaded with native species located in Santo Antônio do Jardim, SP, between the months of October 2016 and September 2017. The first experiment was designed as a 2 x 3 factorial with 6 repetitions. In the second, the total litter production variable was analyzed in DBC design in a 2x4 factorial scheme with six replicates. The monthly litter production followed the DBC in a 2x4x9 factorial scheme with six replications. For the content and accumulation of nutrients was used the DBC with four treatments. Two soil sample points: Shading trees planting rows (LPA) and Shading trees between rows (EPA). Three soil sample depths: 0-0,10m, 0,10-0,20m and 0,20-0,40m. Disturbed and undisturbed soil samples were collected according to the treatments to determine the soil physical properties and organic matter contents. For the second experiment, four points of litterfall deposition were sampled in LPA, distancing 1,5m, 3,0m, 4,5m, and 6,0m from shading trees trunk and other four points in EPA parallelly distributed to LPA points, also distancing 1,5m, 3,0m, 4,5m and 6,0m. The sampling was made with a plastic box dimensioning 0,52m in length, 0,35m in width and 0,17m in height displaced on the soil, under the projection of coffee trees canopy. LPA soil at the 0-0,10m depth shown reduction in density, what contributed to greater flocculation rate and average weighted diameter of aggregates. The months of May, August and September presented greater litterfall depositions, it being superior in LPA. The species that most contributed to that increase were the coffee tree and Cassia grandis. Coffee trees litterfall shown greater contents of N, K and Mg and Cassia grandis was the wooden species that shown superior contents of Ca and S in the litterfall.
Comunidade que Sustenta a Agricultura (CSA) em São Paulo e Agricultura Solidária (SoLaWi) na Alemanha: construindo indicadores sociais, econômicos e ambientais
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-05-30) Amorim, Joana Ortega de Lima; Marjotta-Maistro, Marta Cristina; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3987280258617095
Our history shows a shift in the standards of knowledge and technology applied in agriculture. In order to minimize the negative impacts generated by the "green revolution", organic and agroecological production practices also emerge. These include concepts of family agriculture, solidarity economy and local Food systems in Brazil and Europe, and in this context CSA (Community Supported Agriculture) emerges. Studies abour CSA in Brazil are recent and there is a demand for guidelines in pursuit of their establishment as a sustainable option. In this sense we chose the SoLaWi - Solidarich Landwirtschaften (Solidarity Agriculture) in Germany as a parallel for the development of this work. The objective of this work is to analyze the social, economic and environmental aspects that constitute the practices and relations of SoLaWi and CSA, to construct qualitative indicators for each aspect and make a qualitative comparison between SoLaWi and CSA describing the strategies and difficulties, making contributions about the main challenges. The research was qualitative based on the critical communicative methodology and complemented by content analysis and documentary analysis. From the data were created excludent and transformative indicators and it was observed that CSA act by strengthening agroecology in Germany and Brazil. Farmers 'support and empowerment, membership and work opportunity for members, self-management and farmers' autonomy are indicators of transformative social aspects, and this is challenged by the difficulty of member participation and management of volunteer work. The search for economic sustainability is represented in a heterogeneous way due to the different contexts of the communities, especially in what refers to the public policies directed to the local food systems and the solidarity economy. The indicators of the environmental aspects of the communities are the search for biodiversity, soil conservation and health of people and ecosystems, finding limitations in soil conservation and access to land. Future studies on the process of community formation and construction in the context of Latin America are indicated, seeking the training of farmers and members for management and investment in the critical education of members through public policies.
Efeito do estrógeno na palatabilidade ao sódio de ratas com apetite ao sódio
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-05-30) Pereira Junior, Emilson Donizete; Menani, José Vanderlei; Luca Júnior, Laurival Antonio de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1023597870118105; Andrade, Carina Aparecida Fabrício de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9055280555067656; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2394486231433341
Excessive salt intake has been associated with the development or worsening of chronic diseases such as hypertension. Spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) have a typical increased sodium preference. Estrogen influences arterial pressure and sodium appetite, but we do not know how much ovarian hormones influence sodium palatability, particularly in SHR. Here we evaluated the influence of ovarian hormones on sodium palatability of female SHR. Bilateral ovariectomy (OVX) increased 0.3 M NaCl intake induced by water deprivation - partial dehydration (WD-PR) in the sodium appetite test in normotensive (Holtzman-HTZ) and adult SHR rats, compared to the respective controls (sham surgery). In the taste reactivity test, there was also an increase in the frequency of hedonic responses to intra-oral infusion of 0.3 M NaCl (IO-NaCl) in both ovariectomized normotensive and hypertensive rats. The frequency of aversive responses was not altered by ovariectomy. High-dose estrogen ( 50 μg / rat) supplementation in intact SHR (8-9 months) decreased the frequency of hedonic responses to I0-NaCl and increased frequency of aversive responses after partial rehydration before access to sodium. Estrogen supplementation also decreased 0.3 M NaCl intake without changes in frequency of hedonic or aversive responses to I0-NaCl after sodium intake. Daily replacement of estrogen (10 μg / rat) in SHR OVX decreased WD-PR-induced 0.3 M NaCl intake without changes in baseline cardiovascular parameters. This estrogen treatment reduced ANG II pressor response when compared to the same stimulus in ovariectomized rats treated with vehicle. Daily estrogen replacement (10 μg/day) also decreased the number of hedonic responses to IO-0.3 M NaCl in hypertensive rats with WD-PR- induced sodium appetite, without changes in number of aversive responses. Blockade of ANG II AT1 receptors decreased WD-PR- induced 0.3 M NaCl intake and palatability in SHR rats. In summary, the absence of ovarian hormones increased hedonic properties of the taste produced by the IO-0.3 M NaCl in rats, hypertensive and normotensive, whereas estrogen replacement and supplementation had an inhibitory effect on appetite and palatability to sodium, respectively in females SHR. The results suggest that estrogen has an inhibitory effect on sodium palatability in SHR rats, thus influencing the ingestion of this ion in these animals.
Utilização de mecanismos de roteamento para seleção de sistemas de Question Answering
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-05-30) Tavares, Leandro Luciani; Almeida, Tiago Agostinho de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5368680512020633; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2796738470051942
The evolution of the interaction between humans and computers has accompanied the technological evolution of computers themselves. This process culminated in the rise of a subfield of computing called Questioning Answering (QA), which provides a form of natural interaction between machines and humans --- the Question-Answer interaction model. This model manifests itself in at least two forms of systems: restricted domain systems, which are specific, limited, more complex, and open domain systems, which address general subjects, not constrained to a particular topic, exhibiting a diversity that prevents the presentation in greater detail on any particular topic. Ideally, a QA system should combine in a practical way the main characteristics of the existing models in order to unite the variety of topics covered by the open domain systems and the thoroughness of the restricted domain systems. One possible solution is to combine several instances of restricted domain systems into a single open domain system. For this, a routing mechanism able to select one of the available instances must exist. Then, the selected instance should answer the question about the represented domain. In this work, a mechanism for selecting instances of QA systems is presented in shape of a hierarchical question domain classifier. Domains are naturally organized in a hierarchical taxonomy. When classifying the proposed questions into one of them, the classifier tries to select the most suitable QA system to answer the question. Although, for the purpose of training the classifier, quality data is mandatory. To tackle this dependency, an automatic question generation strategy based on documents was applied, resulting in a large synthetic question dataset. Results were promising when the classifier was evaluated against a real question dataset, suggesting that automatic question generation is feasible to train the classifier. In conclusion, the developed routing mechanism can be used to build a solid and universal hybrid QA system, ensembling the best qualities of each kind of system stand-alone.
Catalisadores magnéticos à base de ferritas de Co ou Zn e de heteroestruturas TiO2/Ferrita – Avaliação na degradação fotocatalítica de lignina
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-05-30) Souza, Bruna Gonçalves de; Ruotolo, Luís Augusto Martins; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6167735734348703; Urquieta-González, Ernesto Antonio; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2389975677904655; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3039069125760711
Vinasse derived from beverage industry represents a serious environmental risk if not properly treated, mainly attributable to the presence of organic macromolecules with complex structure and composition, the recalcitrant compounds, which gives undesirable properties like high chemical oxygen demand (COD) and an increase of toxicity. Lignin, mainly responsible for the dark coloration characteristic of vinasse, is a compound of difficult degradation, which has not been well explored so far due to the difficulty in developing a viable method able to dealing with the extremely low bioavailability of this molecule, especially due to its recalcitrant characteristics. Among the treatment options, photocatalysis has been outstanding due to the production of extremely reactive radicals which may conduct to complete degradation or to an increase of biodegradability of these compounds in biological process. On the other hand, the catalyst recovery, usually TiO2 nanoparticles, might represent a limitation of photocatalysis. In this regard, ferrites have been used to the formation of TiO2 heterostructures, in order to attain magnetic properties that allow the catalyst recovery from the effluent by the application of an external magnetic field. Furthermore, the ferrites, at the presence of TiO2 and UV radiation, provides the iron source for the photo-Fenton reaction, which contributes to the production of extremely oxidative radicals. In this context, the objective of this project was to synthetize, by the means of microwave-assisted hydrothermal method, magnetic ferrites, pure or doped with Co or Zn, in addition of TiO2 heterostructures, aiming the photocatalytic degradation of lignin. The Rietveld refinement of the XRD results evidenced the formation of spinel-like structures at the pure or doped ferrites. The formation of the TiO2/ferrite heterostructure was verified through HRTEM images, and these samples showed higher SBET in comparison to pure P25 titania. The DRS-UV-Vis analyses indicated that the heterostructures absorption bands were extended to the visible light domain. All the photocatalysts exhibited magnetic properties. The maximum lignin degradation for the H5Zn95Ti heterostructure occurred at pH = 2 and 500 ppm of H2O2.
Rede Cegonha e saúde bucal: um panorama na região central do estado de São Paulo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-05-30) Pereira, Carmen Lucia de Oliveira; Aquilante, Aline Guerra; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5699716799010108; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2156574705921554
Descriptive and exploratory study that analyzed oral health care in the Rede Cegonha of the 24 municipalities of the Regional Health Department III - DRS III / Araraquara, state of São Paulo. A survey of the number of pregnant women registered with SISPRENATAL in 2015 and 2016 was carried out; and the identification of potentialities and weaknesses in the oral health care path at Rede Cegonha. The information collected in the SISPRENATAL database and in the questionnaires received descriptive statistical treatment, while the information obtained from the interviews with the DRS-III articulators was subjected to thematic content analysis. In the cut off of the studied period, 17,959 pregnant women were registered in SISPRENATAL by the 170 health establishments that provide prenatal care in DRS-III. Pregnant women are predominantly white women aged 20 to 29 years old. The full management of municipalities is seen as a power, as it gives autonomy to build and implement contextualized actions, while the lack of protocols and flows is pointed out as the greatest weakness in comprehensive prenatal care. Considering that oral health care is transversal to the Health Care Networks, this study signals the need to strengthen oral health actions in the Rede Cegonha.