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Percepções dos recursos ambientais (terra, água, plantas e animais) no Assentamento Santa Helena - São Carlos/SP
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-06-14) Cassimiro, Murilo Otávio; Valêncio, Norma Felicidade Lopes da Silva; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7161606146208875; Gonçalves, Juliano Costa; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1803562162325019; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3427583614605440
Humans have always been related to the environmental resources, in the search to progress and to develop the place where they lived, also aiming to ensure a future to the descendants. This relation was transformed over the years, with industrial, agricultural and technological development, they became cooler. In the rural environment, the people who live and develop there tend to have a greater affectivity towards resources, the constant presence between them strengthens these relationships, thus, Agrarian settlements are places where there is a greater connection of beings and environment. Knowing how these people have built their relationships with resources and what the current environment means to them, is important when thinking about development policies for Settlement development, these particularities serve as an essential information to take in mind when discussing and seeking improvements, elucidating the subjective reflections direct at an approximation between public organs and settlements. Thus, the general objective of the research was to describe and analyze the relationships between the settlers of the Santa Helena Settlement, in São Carlos/SP, and the environmental resources earth, water, plants and animals. The research presents two methodological steps, the first one, a bibliographical survey on the essential subjects in the dissertation and the second one based on the qualitative research and the case study, developed with the settlers in the Santa Helena Settlement, through semi structured interviews. From this, the central relations of each resource present in the settlers' speeches were extracted and a part of Lévi-Strauss's theory of structuralism, the binary pairs, a conception of opposition and correlation was used as data analysis. The main points of this relationship. It was then concluded that the present work has been able to answer the questions and objectives described, as well as elucidate the importance of identity, environmental knowledge and subjective issues of each person, in addition to a critical approach to agrarian reform policies and Sustainable Development Projects. It is observed a valuation of the environmental resources by the settlers, besides the pride of a healthy production. Leaving thus, several questions and perspectives for future work that seek to encompass the perceptions of resources, these distinct communities and the dynamics of the work involved.
Algoritmos para a redução de ruído Poisson e estimativa de parâmetros utilizando distâncias estocásticas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-06-14) Bindilatti, André de Andrade; Mascarenhas, Nelson Delfino d'Ávila; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0557976975338451; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9514883575909296
Noise is present in all applications of digital imaging. Due to its stochastic nature, it is impossible to determine exact procedures to completely remove noise from the image. Thus, the target signal may be affected during the noise attenuation process due to the smoothing of fine details and image structures or by the introduction of visual artifacts. State-of-the-art denoising algorithms are effective in removing noise, however, they can cause image artifacts. Furthermore, most of these algorithms are formulated under the assumption of the additive noise model. The problem of denoising Poisson-corrupted images is still an open issue and represents a great challenge, since the noise in this model is signal dependent. This property implies that the parameter of the underlying stochastic model are also dependent of the noise-free image, which is unknown in practice. The objective of this research was to propose novel approaches to address the problem of parameter estimation and noise reduction of Poisson-corrupted images, based on the use of stochastic distances as measures of similarity between distributions of random variables, capable of preserving small details and fine image structures, while avoiding the introduction of visual artifacts. Two novel approaches were proposed: (1) Poisson Wiener filtering with non-local weighted parameter estimation in the spatial domain; and (2) Wiener filtering with non-local estimates in the Haar wavelet transform domain, using stochastic distances as similarity measures between patches of wavelet coefficients. In the spatial domain, stochastic distances between distributions of Poisson variables can be used to define weighted estimators of the first and second statistical moments of the signal and noise in order to compute the Wiener filter for Poisson-corrupted data. In the Haar wavelet domain, the wavelet coefficients can be modeled as Skellam variables. Closed-form solutions for the stochastic distances between Skellam distributions could not be obtained, therefore, the Gaussian distribution was proposed as an approximation. The detail sub-bands can be denoised in the Haar wavelet domain using a non-local algorithm based on stochastic distances as similarity measures between wavelet coefficients. Experimental results demonstrated that the proposed methods are competitive with related state-of-the-art algorithms. In general, among the proposed approaches, the technique based on the use of wavelets demonstrated a greater efficiency in the reduction of noise and preservation of details.
Controle biológico de Alternaria alternata, agente causal da mancha marrom de alternaria, por Bacillus SPP
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-06-14) Souza, Ariane do Carmo; Kupper, Katia Cristina; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7900622063392740; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5585075926491349
The alternaria brown spot, caused by Alternaria alternata f sp. citri, causes large economic damages in tangor Murcott (Citrus sinensis Osbeck x Citrus reticulata [L.] Blanco). Its control is carried out through the spraying of agrochemicals, implying up to 15 pulverizations per year, which causes an increase in the production costs of the cultures and damages to the environment. As an alternative, the use of microorganisms, in particular Bacillus spp., has been used to diseases’ control. Therefore, the aim of this work was to evaluate the viability of Bacillus spp in in vitro and in vivo conditions. The methodologies were based on the interactions between biological control agents (Bacillus spp.) and the phytopathogen A. alternata, evaluated by the paired culture technique, by the production of volatile, thermostable and cell-free metabolites by different Bacillus spp. isolates. The molecular identification of the isolates tested and the efficacy of bacterial isolates were evaluated in leaves and plants under greenhouse conditions. The results showed that most of the isolates affected the development of phytopathogen and produced some types of metabolite, being antibiosis one of the probable mechanisms of action of the bacterium. The isolates ACB-01, ACB-07, ACB-08, ACB-18 and ACB-57 presented potential for disease control of A. alternata.