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Passagens de Fauna: um experimento para o mico-leão-preto (Leontopithecus chrysopygus)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-06-15) Garcia, Francini de Oliveira; Culot, Laurence Marianne Vincianne; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7433933426721415; Rocha, Vlamir José; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8044368595391973; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7041155646665802
The Black Lion Tamarin, Leontopithecus chrysopygus, is a primate species endemic to the State of São Paulo and considered State environmental patrimony. It is on the international red list of species in the category "Endangered", mainly due to loss and fragmentation of its habitat. Roads cause direct negative impacts to wildlife, such as road kill mortality and the barrier effect. Wildlife crossing structures are implanted as a form of mitigation for both trampling and barrier effect, and canopy bridges are specific structures for semi-arboreal and arboreal species, such as primates. The aim of this study was to implement two "canopy bridges" fauna passages with distinctive designs in the Vicinal Domiciano de Souza road, GRI 253, Guareí-SP, in the crossing and trampling of black tamarin individuals, and involve the local community in protecting biodiversity. The fauna passages were installed in February 2017 and monitored for 13 months continuously, allowing the verification of functionality, use preference analysis and identification of the period of adaptation to the new structures inserted in the habitat. During the period of execution of the work, scientific dissemination actions were carried out in which information about biodiversity and local problems was shared with the purpose of sensitizing and engaging the community, thus promoting the formation of biodiversity conservation agents.
Crescimento pró-pobre: uma análise dos gastos com transferências de renda e educação na redução da pobreza no Brasil durante o período de 2004 a 2014
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-06-15) Ferraretto, Fabio; Rodrigues, Rodrigo Vilela; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7066100737307566; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0887301524795405
The relationships between economic growth, public spending and poverty are the targets of several studies, and their results highlight that GDP improvement is seen as the best way to reduce poverty. Based on this principle, this study aims to analyze whether there was pro-poor growth in the Brazilian states and the impact of public expenditures on income transfers and education on poverty reduction during the period from 2004 to 2014. Focus of the policies of income transfer and economic growth in the country. Considering the need to reach the proposed objective, a study of the subject was carried out to measure the relationship between economic growth and public spending with the reduction of poverty. In order to estimate the relationships between variables, the growth-poverty, poverty-inequality, and poverty-related elasticities of poverty in Brazil as a whole and in their states were calculated using a dynamic model by panel data. In view of the results obtained, it can be seen that in the country there is great divergence in the variation of poverty among the states. In addition, it is noted that the impact of spending on income transfers and education positively reflects the fall in poverty.
Modelagem numérica do comportamento estrutural de vigas mistas de aço e concreto protendidas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-06-15) Silva, Elder Nogueira da; Souza, Alex Sander Clemente de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3572504605209699; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0108300693164500
The structural behavior of the prestressed steel concrete composite beams was investigated using the Finite Element Method. The present study reports two types of composite beams: steel beams and concrete slab with joint work ensured for shear connectors, in a traditional way and partially encased composite beams. Initially, were presented and discussed the characteristics, advantages, disadvantages, applications and constructive aspects of this structural system, that can be used in the recovery and rehabilitation of existing structures or in new large structures design. Subsequently, were presented analytical expressions for the size of this structures. A numerical analysis methodology, that is, a modeling strategy using software ABAQUS® was developed and calibrated based on available bibliography experimental results for both types of composite beams presents in this paper. The composite beams of the conventional typology were modeled in two ways: interaction steel-concrete established with the perfect coupling of all the common nodes through TIE constraint; and interaction steel-concrete established with modeling of shear connectors and using contact interaction between surfaces. The partially encased composite beam was initially modeled and calibrated without application of the prestressing force, for later modeling of the tendons, due the misses of experimental results of the prestressed partially encased composite beams. The numerical methodology presents aspects related to the choice of finite elements used, mesh geometry, constitutive relations of materials, interaction between materials and loading procedures. Finally, a parametric study was developed for the composite beams with conventional typology. The objective of this study was analyzing the influence of the variation of the tendon eccentricity; of the variation of the tendon force and the influence of the layout of the prestressing tendons. In general, the modeling strategy for conventional composite beam was adequate to simulate its structural behavior, especially for the case where the interaction steel-concrete was established by the shear connectors. In the case of partially encased composite beams, was possible to see the effects of the prestressing on its structural behavior, due to the increase in the ultimate moments carrying capacity; smaller displacements and smaller deformations. In additions, there were good correlations of the ultimate moment carrying capacity obtained analytically and numerically.
Modificação de meios filtrantes com nanomateriais para controle de bioaerossóis
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-06-15) Remiro, Paula de Freitas Rosa; Bernardo, André; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5705402824877708; Aguiar, Mônica Lopes; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0431688649128529; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1643570082155012
People are increasingly wasting their time in indoors environments, in these locations there is a risk of contagion from diseases transmitted by the airways, due to low rates of air exchange. Thus, the number of causative agents of various diseases airborne spreads more rapidly, increasing cases of respiratory problems. Therefore, controlling the microorganisms present in indoor environments has become extremely necessary. An alternative is to develop filters for air conditioners, laminar flow hoods, and clean room exhausts that have antimicrobial properties. There are numerous materials that have an action against fungi and bacteria, among them silver and titanium dioxide. By combining these two materials a composite can be formed which is expected to have a synergistic effect. Thus, this thesis had as main objective the development of modified filter media with those nanomaterials that present antimicrobial capacity. After the modification of the filters, adhesion strength analyzes and peel velocity calculations between the nanomaterials and the fibers were done in order to ensure that they are not released into the environment. The results showed that the inhibition in the real environment was 55.6 ± 9.52, 72.2 ± 4.81 and 81.1 ± 1.92%, adhesion forces 3.44, 14.32 and 12, 24 nN and the average velocities required to release the nanomaterials of 125.2, 46.8 and 35.7 m / s for the silver, titanium dioxide and Ag/TiO2 nanoparticles respectively. These data suggest a considerable decrease in the number of microorganisms when using filters modified with these nanomaterials and have shown that the particles are removed at different speeds. However, with the results obtained it was not possible to point to a filter that satisfies all the evaluated parameters. The Ag/TiO2 modified filter showed greater inhibition capacity of the microorganisms, however, this material can be removed at lower speeds when compared to the other materials. The silver filter has the lowest inhibition rates, but high velocities are required to remove the particles adhered to it. Thus, the most appropriate filter is one that satisfies the operating conditions of the equipment on which it will be used.
Diferenciação química de quatro espécies de Bauhinia (pata-de-vaca)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-06-15) Aquino, Amanda Jordano; Ferreira, Antonio Gilberto; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3676462220401452; Cass, Quezia Bezerra; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9197210255594409; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6601636992092317
The search for new compounds from natural products with high biological activity is an arduous task that has improved due to the evolution of instrumental analytical techniques. In addition, the use of medicinal herbs for the treatment of diseases is still used for generations and the pharmacological studies of these drugs evidences their biological activity. In spite of this, deforestation still grows in Brazil. The Bauhinia (pata-de-vaca), with more than 60 native species, are extensively used in Brazilian popular medicine for the control of diabetes. Thus, in 2009 B. forficata, B. variegata and/or B. affinis were included in the National List of Medicinal Plants of Interest to SUS (RENISUS). In this context, the present work reports the results of LC-HRMS and LC-SPE / NMR identification of compounds in leaves of Bauhinia longifolia, a species with few phytochemical studies, and the chemical differentiation of B. forficata, variegata, longifolia and affinis using LC-HRMS and unsupervised chemometric tools. Chromatographic conditions were developed using full factorial design and liquid chromatographic knowledge. With this method it was possible to characterize 74 (seventy-four) compounds in Bauhinia longifolia. Most of these were first identified in this species, namely phenolic acids, flavonoids O-glycosylated and proanthocyanidins. In addition, 6 (six) were isolated by LC-SPE and identified by NMR in which four (miricitrin, juglanin, afzelin, bauhiniastatin 2) are unknown for this species, especially bauhiniastatin 2 reported in the literature with anticancer properties. Futhermore, the chemical profile by LC-HRMS analyzed by hierarchical cluster analysis and principal component analysis differentiated the 4 species of Bauhinia and 24 other compounds were inferred. Thus, 99 (ninety-nine) compounds were identified in this thesis by providing important information that can be used in the quality control of ethanolic extracts of Bauhinia leaves, as well as to explain ethnotherapeutic properties, pharmacological and toxicological actions.
Avaliação do tempo de tratamento com resveratrol sobre o tecido ósseo de ratas ovariectomizadas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-06-15) Fabricio, Victor; Nonaka, Keico Okino; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4551036775738296; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8413125497889474
Resveratrol (3,5,4 'trihydroxystilbene) is a polyphenol found in some plants and fruits that has been suggested as a preventive agent for the bone damage characteristic of osteoporosis. Studies indicate the effects on only a few bone parameters, besides diverging regarding the minimum protocol duration required to observe such effects. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of the treatment with resveratrol on femurs and vertebrae of ovariectomized young adult female rats during 60 and 90 days. Fifty-nine Wistar female rats at 3 months of age at the beginning of the experiment have been utilized, which were divided into 6 groups: groups maintained Intact for 60 and 90 days (INT 60 and INT 90) with 11 and 9 animals each, respectively; Ovariectomized control groups treated with 60 and 90 days (OVX 60 and OVX 90) with 10 and 9 animals each, respectively, ovariectomized and treated via gastric gavage with saline 0.9% [0.1ml / 100g Body Weight (BW)]; Ovariectomized groups + Resveratrol treated for 60 and 90 days (OVX + RES 60 and OVX + RES 90) with 11 and 9 animals each, respectively, ovariectomized and treated via gastric gavage with a solution of resveratrol in 95% ethanol diluted in distilled water (10 mg / kg BW). Biometric, physical, and biomechanical parameters of bones from the animals with greater quantities cortical (femur) and cancellous (vertebrae) contingent were analyzed, as well as the areal bone density of the vertebrae via DEXA, and the body weight of the animals. The biomechanical properties of the femurs were obtained by the three point bending test, and the lumbar vertebrae’s by the bone compression test. The experimental protocol of 60 days was able to remark the increase of the corporal weight of the rats after the castration, as well as the decrease of the vertebrae bone and mineral densities with the surgery and the protective effect of the resveratrol on these parameters of these same bones. In the 90-day protocol, these effects on the physical parameters were also extended to the femurs and the treatment, in this case, also able to prevent the greater corporal weight due to the castration as well. In the biomechanical parameters, it was possible to observe only a tendency of reduction of the maximum load with the surgery and protection with the treatment in the vertebrae of the longer experimental protocol. Therefore, the results indicate resveratrol, in the dose and route of administration used, as a potential protector of the bone tissue, both with greater cortical contingent and with greater cancellous contingent. In addition, the experimental protocol of 90 days showed be able to present more clearly the effects of castration and treatment with resveratrol on bone and body weight parameters.
Respostas Fisiológicas de Chlorella sorokiniana sob diferentes condições de cultivo e aplicação de sua biomassa
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-06-15) Montanhim, Graziela Cristina; Lombardi, Ana Teresa; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6737850858443813; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4495914996455718
Microalgae are promising photosynthetic organisms, thus important for the biofixation of the CO2. They have the potential for application in various industrial sectors, such as in the production of renewable energy and in the area of fine chemistry. Microalgae biomass carries valueable biomolecules such as lipids, carbohydrates and proteins that can have their production optimized, depending on culture conditions. Species selection and identification of conditions that stimulate their growth is important for the development of large-scale cultures. The objectives of this research were to investigate the physiology of a Chlorophyta microalgae in different scales, analyse its biochemical composition and apply its biomass. For the development of this research we selected Chlorella sorokiniana among three Chlorophyta species based on growth rate, biomass yield and protein production in laboratory controlled experiments. These results are presented in chapter 1. In chapter 2, we scaled C. sorokiniana cultures up to 100 and 1000 L keeping them outdoors for the production of biomass and physiology evaluation under the natural conditions of light and temperature. The results showed less proteins and lipids in the biomass of large scale systems in comparison to the laboratory cultures. Although the phtosynthetic capacity was similar in either scale, the highest rate of carbon fixation was obtained in 100 L cultures. In chapter 3 the applicability of the biomass produced in the 1000 L cultures was investigated in vegetable seeds pelleting, whose viability was evaluated by monitoring the pelletized seeds germination. These results showed ~ 90% emergence and equivalence with the controls, so confirming the applicability of microalgae biomass in the composition of seed pelleting materials. Finally, in the 4th chapter we investigated if light emiting diodes (LEDs) of different colors would led to improvements in C. sorokiniana growth, biomass and photosynthetic physiology. For this, the cells were exposed to blue, red and a blend of 50% each blue and red LEDs accomplishing 100% of PAR as in the controls (white LED). We observed that S. sorokiniana exposed to red LED had the lowest biomass productivity (0.0025 mol C [mg Chl a-1 h-1]), dry biomass and growth rates and it was the most sensible culture to photosynthetic light reactions. Cultures exposued to the blue, and the blend of blue/red LEDs showed photosynthetic behavior similar to the control, in addition to higher biomass yield. From the present research as a whole we can conclude that C. sorokiniana is a robust freshwater Chlorophyta that supports the adverse conditions of outdoor cultures and that its biomass can be used in seeds pelleting. In addition, we showed that blue LED can improve C. sorokiniana productivity and modify its biochemical composition.