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Efeitos sociais do implante coclear: uma revisão sistemática
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-07-20) Silva, Josana Carla Gomes da; Paulino, Vanessa Cristina; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5235654050505504; Costa, Maria da Piedade Resende da; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2791098416503955; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0258235198606993
Introduction: Cochlear implant (CI) is indicated for lingual post adults who presents severe or bilateral deep sensorineural hearing loss, suitable motivation of the individual for the use of the implant and for the process of speech-language rehabilitation. For pre-lingual adults, the criterion differs, since the patient is required to have established linguistic code and adequately rehabilitated by the oral method. There are divergences regarding CI, while the medical community hold CI as the most assertive means of treating hearing impairment so that these individuals may have and / or resolve their social and professional lives in order to interact with listeners and be independent, being able to have a better social insertion due to their improved hearing capacity and speech comprehension, in contrast the deaf community is contrary to believe that their identity is characterized by the use of the Brazilian sign language - Libras and to consider the CI a retrocession before the motions in favor of the recognition of Libras. Objective: to investigate the scientific production in the Brazilian context about the social effects of cochlear implant in the life of the individual. Method: This research used the methodology of the Systematic Review, which sought to review bibliographies and delineate a reflective and comprehensive work, as well to make an interdisciplinary historical-critical analysis of the theme. This type of research is configured as a process of meeting, critical and synthetic evaluation of results from multiple studies. Results: The analysis allowed to consider that the social effects in the life of the implanted patient, resulting of CI, can be negative when related to the physical aspect of the external device, resulting in shame, inferiority and insecurity. It also shows that people who did the cochlear implant due to post-lingual deafness demonstrated positive social effects such as gaining self-confidence and security in everyday communication situations and social interactions. Psychosocial aspects and quality of life after implantation were not significantly addressed in the studies analyzed. It is important to emphasize that to have a good adaptation after the procedure, these phenomena need to be studied to evaluate which methodologies can be used for negative effects to be mitigated and how they affect the life of the implanted person. Considerations: From the analysis of the studies the hypothesis was raised that the social effects in the person's life implanted because of the cochlear implant are distinct in adolescents and adults. The hypothesis is since the studies carried out with adolescent participants had negative results, possibly because of the concern related to self-image, body changes, dating and social interactions. From this systematic review the study observed that it is necessary to investigate these effects more to understand how they affect the quality of life of the implanted person and how this can interfere in their life. The study suggests that a systematic review on the topic be carried out at an international level with the purpose of analyzing the scientific production in the area.
Avaliação morfológica, microestrutural e eletroquímica da liga Ti-6Al-4V soldada por fricção linear
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-07-20) Silva, Diego David da; Della Rovere, Carlos Alberto; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8141224513975606; Aquino, José Mario de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8847710280926769; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7054636311668099
MORPHOLOGICAL, MICROSTRUCTURAL, AND ELECTROCHEMICAL EVALUATION OF THE Ti-6Al-4V ALLOY WELDED BY FRICTION STIR WELDING - Reprocessing is an important step in the nuclear fuel cycle and basically consists of dissolving the fuel (UO2) in a boiling medium (6.0 or 11.5 mol L‒1 HNO3). In order to do so, the choice of appropriate materials for the construction of the reprocessing infrastructure is required. From the economic point of view, stainless steel would be the best option; however, it does not exhibit good corrosion resistance against the oxidant medium mentioned above. Therefore, other materials must be employed to mitigate corrosion problems. In this sense, valve metals and their alloys (Ti, V, Nb, Zr, etc.) are a good alternative due to the spontaneous formation of a stable oxide film on the metal surface. Thus, one way to fulfill these requirements might be the union of those two materials through welding. In the present work, a plate of a Ti alloy (Ti-6Al-4V) was welded to a 304 L stainless steel plate using the friction stir welding process. So, the aim of this work was to particularly study the welded region of the Ti alloy, which will be held in contact with the oxidizing solution of HNO3. Thus, morphological (metallography, scanning electron microscopy coupled to elemental analysis), microstructural (X ray diffraction - XRD), mechanical (Vickers microhardness), electrochemical (open circuit potential, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy - EIS - linear and cyclic voltage scans), and mass loss assays (immersion in boiling HNO3 11.5 mol L–1) were investigated along the weld. The results indicated a microstructural (increase of the β phase confirmed by XRD) and morphological (modification of size and shape of grains detected by metallography) change in the mixing zone (MZ) of the welded joint. Vickers microhardness tests showed an increase in hardness of the welded region due to grain refinement and plastic deformation caused by the welding process. Linear and cyclic scanning electrochemical assays (6.0 and 11.5 mol L–1 HNO3) indicated a higher corrosion susceptibility of MZ, which was confirmed by: i) a narrow potential window of the passivation region and ii) high anodic values of the reconstruction charge, caused by contamination of the Ti alloy by Fe and Cr from the stainless steel. EIS tests also confirmed that MZ is more susceptible to corrosion attack since this region showed lower values of charge transfer resistance than the base metal. The appearance of an inductive looping in the complex plane can be associated to the formation and dissolution of the passive film of Ti oxide, as well as adsorption of species from the electrolyte. Finally, mass loss assays also confirmed the higher corrosion susceptibility of the MZ region, mainly due to Fe and Cr contamination.
Desenvolvimento de Nanoblendas PLA/EVOH biodegradáveis com características de barreira a gases e vapores
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-07-20) Santos, Luiza Gouvêa; Pessan, Luiz Antonio; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8276650236213537; Costa, Lidiane Cristina; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8246109223926480; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2281474085234563
Poly (lactic acid) (PLA) is a non-toxic, transparent and biodegradable aliphatic polyester, produced from renewable raw materials. This polymer meets several requirements for packaging applications, but is fragile and has lower gas and water vapor barrier properties, compared to polymers currently used in this application. The formation of PLA blends with poly (ethylene-co-vinyl alcohol) (EVOH), which has transparency and good gas barrier properties, is an advantageous alternative to modify this biodegradable polymer, in order to obtain better mechanical and barrier properties without loss of transparency. This research objective was to develop biodegradable PLA/EVOH nanoblends, for packaging application, through reactive extrusion followed by the production of films. EVOH was added in 3, 5 and 10 wt%. Two compatibilization systems, containing epoxy as the reactive group, and a catalyst of the reaction between epoxy and hydroxyl, were used for interfacial modification. The influence of the dispersed phase content, the use of different compatibilizers and the presence of the catalyst in the thermal, mechanical, rheological, optical and barrier properties, as well as the the morphology of the blends, were analyzed. It was possible to observe a reduction in the diameter of the dispersed EVOH particles in the PLA matrix through reactive extrusion and addition of compatibilizing systems. The reduction was even more significant with the use of the catalyst, reaching values very close to the nanometric scale, but resulted in the degradation of the PLA matrix. The blends compatibilized with GMA and peroxide presented the best mechanical performance, however still very close to the PLA matrix. The barrier properties of all blends were higher than those of PLA. The blends showed transparency when the film is positioned close to the object, thus presenting sufficient optical property for packaging application.
Sensibilização para a conservação das águas subterrâneas: um estudo em áreas de recarga do Aquífero Guarani em bacias hidrográficas no Estado de São Paulo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-07-20) Alcantara, Anayra Giacomelli Lamas; Hanai, Frederico Yuri; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7651828454575175; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1565963325417191
Groundwater is one of the most important fresh water's sources available for human consumption. However, they are largely unknown, probably due to distortions in environmental perception, since it is hidden under the surface. Moreover, there are few initiatives to conserve the groundwater, as well as studies focused on sensitization, perception and comprehension of the processes involving this important resource. In this way, the research had the objective of investigating the sensitization processes aimed at the conservation of these waters, focusing on Pardo's Watershed Management Units (UGRHI-04) and Tiete-Jacaré Watershed (UGRHI-13), both strategic for conservation actions of the Guarani Aquifer System (SAG). In order to do that, this exploratory research was divided in the following stages: theoretical basement through systematic bibliographical review; survey, categorization and analysis of materials and didactic resources on the subject; compilation of directives and guiding essential principles for the development of future materials that facilitate the perception and knowledge of the aquifer systems and the sensitization of the users, made from a participatory approach with the research collaborators; development, application and evaluation of an sensitization experience for the conservation of groundwater, focused on the reality of the studied UGRHIs, together with the research collaborators. The results evidenced the expressiveness of materials and didactic resources on the subject matter in the studied areas, making available the existing resources and the opportunities for improvement of these materials. Based on the contribution of experts in the field, the guidelines suggested in this research point to the importance of the elaboration of resources with technical quality in relation to textual and graphic contents, and that are interactive, creative, engaging, inclusive and directed to the local, contextualized and problematized. The experience developed was effective to facilitate the perception and sensitization of the participant, according to the evaluation of the employees, constituting a possibility to be used by those who wish to act in the field of awareness. With this, the research contributes to the increase of knowledge and provides new research opportunities in this area.
Adapatações da junção neuromuscular na isquemia cerebral e no diabetes mellitus
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-07-20) Bonilla, Yisel Carolina Estrada; Souza-Castro, Paula Aiello Tomé de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4565741478061291; Russo, Thiago Luiz de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2755480908047791; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7894309504877614
Introduction: Chronic Noncommunicable Diseases (CNCDs) are the leading cause of mortality and premature disability in most countries of the American continent, including Brazil. Among CNCDs are Diabetes Mellitus (DM) and Cerebral Vascular Accident (CVA). Both DM and CVA can compromise upper limb (UL) function, decreasing motor performance by compromising the structure and function of muscle tissue. The Neuromuscular Junction (NMJ) is an important structure that relates the function of the central and peripheral nervous system to that of muscle tissue. Understanding NMJ changes in DM and CVA and its relation to UL function may help in understanding the pathophysiology of these diseases, as well as guide possible therapies. Objective: The objective of the two studies was to evaluate the plasticity of NMJ in animal models of DM and Brain Ischemia (BI) separately, as well as its relationship with motor skills in a reach and manipulation task. Method: For this, two studies were conducted. In study 1, 12 3-month-old Wistar rats, divided into two Control (C) and DM groups, were trained in reaching task, through habituation, dominance determination and reach task training. After these procedures, all animals were evaluated with the test of collecting tablets. In the animals of the DM group, the induction of DM was performed, with the injection of streptozotocin (STZ) dissolved in citrate buffer. In study 2, 12 3-month-old Wistar rats divided into 2 groups (C and BI) were also trained for the task of collecting tablets, as previously explained. In BI group, ischemia was induced with injection of Endothelin 1 (ET1) in the area of motor representation of forelimb. After 15 days, all animals of both groups were euthanized, extracting the biceps, triceps, fingers flexor and fingers extensor muscles. The cross-sectional muscle fiber area (CSA) the percentage of connective tissue and NMJ area were investigated in both studies. Correlations between morphometric variables and motor performance were performed. Results: In study 1, there was a decrease in the morphometric parameters of the NMJ, as well as an increase in the atrophy of the muscles of the DM group compared to the animals in C group. In study 2, there was a increase in the morphometric parameters of NMJ and an increase in muscle group atrophy of the BI group compared to the animals in C group. In the two studies, there was an important association between the NMJ parameters and the motor performance evaluated in the DM and BI. Conclusions: Both DM and BI generate changes in NMJ, muscular atrophy and fibrosis of the forelimb muscles. Such alterations are associated with performance in coordinated tasks of the forelimb of the animals.