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Investigação e elucidação estrutural por LC-MS/MS e RMN ¹H de impurezas desconhecidas de Ramipril Pellet geradas em estudo de degradação forçada
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-07-27)
Medinilha, Leonardo Piccoli
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Rodrigues Filho, Edson
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3667941735597178
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3670171961611223
The development of a pharmaceutical product comprises multidisciplinary steps, coming from compatibility studies between the active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) and the other raw material (excipients) to studies of forced degradation with the final product among others. Forced degradation studies comprise a range of assays aiming to expose the medicine to different stress conditions in order to guarantee both chemical stability of the API and the formation of degradation products (also known as impurities). The control of impurities’ formation, whether coming from the process or formed during the shelf life of the product are of such importance as they may compromise the health of patient and impact on treatment in progress. The previous understanding of the formulation enables the entire lifecycle of a pharmaceutical product, once the loss of productive lots or lots in commercialization can cause financial impacts to the manufacturers and risk to the patients. It has been found that under thermal and humid stress conditions, the API ramipril presented in the form of pellets (sucrose and corn starch microspheres) undergoes degradation reactions generating impurities above the specification limit predicted in legislation for unknown impurities. Since this condition can be correlated to stability conditions predicted in legislation (30°C and 75% relative humidity for 24 months), there is a risk to the product at the end of the study. Thus, the present work focused on the structural elucidation of two impurities using mass spectrometry techniques with sequential fragmentation and nuclear magnetic resonance. It was possible to identify the chemical structures of the majority impurities in a conclusive way, being verified a transesterification reaction between the primary alcohol of the sucrose’s fructose monomer (in its two anomeric forms) from the pellets and ramipril.
Método experimental/teórico para interpretação de semicondutores inorgânicos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-07-27)
Gouveia, Amanda Fernandes
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Longo, Elson
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9848311210578810
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1053052803420461
It is known that the morphology, dimensionality and crystalline structure of materials play important roles in electronic, optical, catalytic properties, among others. Understanding the role of these surfaces and find a relationship with their physical and chemical are of extreme importance. The theoretical calculations of the surfaces provide a deep knowledge about the kind of superficial defect, i.e. oxygen vacancies and local distortions, and how they are linked with the semiconductor properties, such as decrease of the band gap value, improve in the photocatalysis among others. One of the objectives of this project was to associate experimental and theoretical results in order to provide a better understanding of the structural and electronic properties of both zinc tungstate (ZnWO4) nanocrystals and silver tungstate (α-Ag2WO4) crystals, as representative inorganic semiconductors. By means of the first-principle calculations, based on the Wulff construction, it was possible to predict the morphology of these materials and, in particular, explaining how the photocatalytic process of the ZnWO4 nanocrystals occurs, as well as the effect of the surfactant on the photocatalytic activity of the as-synthetized α-Ag2WO4.
Estudo químico das flores de Hortia oreadica (Rutaceae)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-07-27)
Zequin, Marina Cristina
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Silva, Maria Fátima das Graças Fernandes da
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0457632122660653
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4489106273892685
The present work describes the analysis of apolar and polar extracts from flowers of Hortia oreadica, a species of the family Rutaceae. Since these flowers had not been widely studied, and due to the chemosystematic value of this species in the taxonomy of the genus Hortia, it was decided to carry out this study in order to isolate secondary metabolites that would aid in a better classification of the genus. The extracts were analyzed by GC-MS, HPLC-DAD and 1H NMR; after isolated, the compounds were analyzed by 1D and 2D NMR (1H, 13C, COSY, HMBC, HSQC) in order to elucidate the chemical structures. Six major compounds were identified by GC-MS in the hexane extract (EH) of the flowers: trans-muurola-4-(4), 5-diene, cuparene, β-bisabolene, (Z) -holidolol, 1H-cycloprop(e) azulen-7-ol and guaiol. From the E.H., two triterpenes were identified: 3α-hydroxytirucalla-7,24-dien-21-oic acid and tirucalla-7,24-dien-3β-ol, being these unpublished in the genus Hortia. From the methanolic extract (E.M.) it was possible to isolate and identify the flavonoid: quercetin-3-β-D-glucoside, and from the ethyl acetate extract (E.A.) it was possible to isolate six limonoids, still in the elucidation process. From this study it was possible to observe the existence of precursors and limonoids in H. oreadica flowers, an outcome that had not yet been reported in the literature.
Parâmetros de estudo em vazão de projeto para renovação de outorga de barramento.
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-07-27)
Yogi, Fernando
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3883710507177933
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Tonello, Kelly Cristina
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3844965971290638
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8689426159176514
One of the tools that works in favor of the balanced distribution of waters and mediating conflicts is the granting of use of water resources, with which they are issued through analysis of hydrological studies. For this aspect, the grant is an administrative tool that acts in the concession of the environmental matter "water", and from time to time need to be renewed. An application for renewal of concession in the State of São Paulo for hydraulic detention works, such as the buses, needs to present the estimates of the runoff with parameters that may be associated to land use and occupation. Thus, it is fundamental to apply rain-flow models that represent the phases of the hydrological cycle, are simplified but do not lose their essence and good power of response. The waterproofing processes in expansion in the urban centers provide an increase in the surface runoff and changes in the estimates obtained by the rainfall-flow models, resulting in the reduction of infiltration and the decrease of the natural damping capacity of the river watersheds. In this way, the objective of this work was to associate land uses in the sub watershed of River of Suru in the municipality of Santana de Parnaíba, correlating them with rainfall-flow models, incorporating studies for grant renewal. River of Suru is a water body that is present in a region that contrasts urban and rural. It presents different uses and occupations and contributes in this way to the association of elements of the terrestrial coverage with rainfall-flow models. Among the baseline methodologies used for correlation are the I-Pai-Wu method and the Soil Conservation Service (SCS). The first one, through its classes, presented a good adaptation to more denser areas, while the second one, SCS, stands out for a good correlation with watershed with vegetated characteristics. In the method, geoprocessing techniques were applied in obtaining terrestrial coverage parameters (Curve Number - CN / Runoff Coefficient) in orthorectified aerial images with spatial resolution of 1 m, with an object - based classification and manual classification in the sub watershed of River of Suru, with an area of approximately 21 Km2. The survey made for the use and occupation of land was carried out by two different methods to simulate the values Lof surface runoff. The parameters of the I-Pai-Wu and Soil Conservation Service methods were followed by a manual classification aided by classification keys, and object-based classification based on set theory and fuzzy logic. Precipitation was calculated according to the most representative rainfall equation for the region. With the possession of hydrological data and the use and occupation of land, it was possible to calculate the project flow. The simulations performed in this study demonstrated that land use and land use in these two methods can correlate parameters for rainfall-flow models for flow calculation, integrating the hydrological studies of the granting and renewal processes.
Síntese de LiFePO4 em sistema hidrotermal assistido por micro-ondas, caracterização e testes como catodo de baterias de íons lítio
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-07-30)
Bezerra, Carlos André Gomes
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Biaggio, Sonia Regina
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0418215244233120
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1696058789531459
Different routes for lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO4) synthesis were studied in a microwave-assisted hydrothermal system in order to reduce the time and temperature of synthesis in relation to the traditional methods of obtaining this compound. For the synthesis of LiFePO4 different mixtures of precursor materials were investigated maintaining the molar ratio Li: Fe: P = 3: 1: 1. In the step of time and synthesis temperature optimization, heating times of 5 to 40 min and temperatures of 100 to 200 °C were investigated. Based on the structural characterization results, by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray diffractometry, it was found that from 10 min at 200 °C it was possible to obtain pure and crystalline LiFePO4, with particle size of 57 to 165 nm, verified by scanning electron microscopy micrographs. Cyclic voltammetry for the five best samples showed the typical voltammetric profile of the LiFePO4 with good reversibility; three of the samples selected showed high electrochemical activity, which was reflected in good values of specific capacity. In the characterization by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, an inversely proportional relation between total impedance and values of specific capacity was verified. The sample with the best electrochemical performance presented a value of 168 mA h g-1, at discharge rate of C/10, corresponding to 99% of the specific theoretical capacity of LiFePO4. A capacity retention of 74% was verified after 100 cycles of charge - discharge at C/2, which was related to the electrolyte contamination by water, attributed to the presence of moisture in the chamber where the electrochemical cells were assembled.
Luz, câmera, ciência: uma análise crítica da representação da ciência em filmes de ficção científica
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-07-30)
Mattos, Celso Luiz
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Pierson, Alice Helena Campos
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3749421379531019
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1712961992559004
This work brings the analysis of the science representation of a group of cinematographic works of the genre of science fiction. Cinema, as a cultural manifestation, conveys values and visions of the world. It is possible to imagine situations, objects, beings and diverse worlds. But in every story there is the human being interacting in the universe of the film, and this interaction has much to say. Looking at Science and the scientific activity contained in a given film makes it possible to perceive how it is being represented and what values and worldviews associated with it, in evidencing it is possible to reflect and question it. Thus, a literature review was carried out on the importance and potential of cinema in education and science fiction for science teaching. With this study it was possible to propose analyzes of four works, Gravity (2013), Operation Big Hero (2014), Ex_Machina (2015) and Lost on Mars (2015). We used the analysis tool proposed by Piassi (2007) that allowed us to identify in the works the counterfactual elements and thematic poles in relation to science perceptible in the literary genre of science fiction. When analyzing the films, it was possible to note that the identification of counterfactual elements evidences scientific phenomena and concepts, while the identification of thematic poles makes it possible to establish relations between Science, Technology and Society. In addition, the analysis instrument used has the potential to be used as a methodology in science teaching for the analysis of science fiction films. The analyzes were made in order to discuss elements that could contribute with the planning of didactic activities for the teaching of sciences that counts on cinematographic works and with a critical vision on the scientific activity. Intending to this end, a science teaching that offers new meanings about science and technology in its relations with the social, political, economic and cultural context. This study is relevant for discussing ways of analyzing science fiction films with the aim of developing a critical view of science. This study can help broaden the eyes on the nature of science and the process of scientific research for both teachers and science education.
Análise térmica e energética do revestimento refratário de panelas de aço via modelos computacionais
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-07-30)
Santos, Matheus Felipe
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Angélico, Ricardo Afonso
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4572583709143785
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Pandolfelli, Victor Carlos
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7369376873984839
The secondary metallurgy is an energy-intensive step in the steelmaking process that requires an accurate adjustment of the composition and temperature of the molten metal during the ladle refining. In this context, the steel ladle lining plays an important role on the energy consumption of the ladle processes, as the refractory thermal properties are strictly related to the ladle ability to keep constant the molten metal temperature. Aiming to improve the energy efficiency, reducing both costs and the environmental impacts, a transient numerical analysis of the ladle processes was developed using temperature dependent refractory properties. The present work proposes a holistic view of the ladle operational cycle to help the refractory design of such installations, according to their saving energy capability. The finite element modeling (FEM) was developed using a commercial software (Abaqus) to simulate the ladle cycle (pre-heating, holding and waiting steps). The temperatures predicted by the model were compared with in situ temperature data from a steel ladle to validate the model and the comparison showed good agreement between those temperatures. The results point out how the configurations with lining insulation reduces the energy consumption, keeping the molten steel temperatures higher, although it is mostly effective on reducing the shell temperatures. The safety lining could be replaced by more advanced materials with suitable properties or had its thickness reduced for expanding the working capacity and also saving energy. The refractories for the working layer application should have low or none carbon content and advanced materials for higher savings should be investigated. Computational models could indicate possible material designs and configuration solutions for the steel and refractory industries. In general, these solutions depend on each steel plant requirements, but some trends can be highlighted for improving the steel ladle energy efficiency, considering the refractory design for avoiding heat losses.
Resídulo de bauxita: mapeamento da produção científica e tecnológica de sua aplicação em materiais cimentícios
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-07-31)
Kanashiro, Mariana Kayoko
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Faria, Leandro Innocentini Lopes de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0767710394930118
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Rodrigues, José de Anchieta
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4000441989868775
Bauxite residue (BR) is the major waste generated during alumina extraction from bauxite. The global average for the production of BR is estimated between 1 and 1.5 ton per ton of alumina. The most important process worldwide by which BR is generated is the Bayer process, which involves large amounts of sodium, turning this residue potentially toxic. Due to this, during the past decades, BR was considered an unusable waste. However, the storage of this high alkaline material, the difficulties and costs related to BR management have been motivating companies and research institutions to look for applications able to consume large amounts of BR. With this in mind, the civil construction industry, particularly cementitious materials industry, offers a promising option for BR utilization, since it consumes and produces large quantities of raw materials and products, respectively. Besides that, the cementitious materials industry is associated with a high environmental impact that could be diminished through the use of BR. Thus, the aim of the work herein is to engender useful information to guide decision makers and future researches through the analysis of scientific papers and patents indexed in the Web of Science and Derwent Innovations Index databases respectively. The software Vantage Point 5.0 was used to make bibliometric measures. These, in addition to technical information and reports from the industries were used as the basis for an analysis of advantages and disadvantages associated with the application of BR in the production of cementitious materials. Therefore, strategic issues and possible opportunities related to the use of BR for cementitious materials were identified and a deeper analysis was presented in the work herein.
Influência da maturidade de Business Intelligence & Analytics sobre usos dos sistemas de medição de desempenho: estudos de caso
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-07-31)
Xavier, José Eduardo Mendonça
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Martins, Roberto Antonio
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3518820028045730
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3490611980245482
Given the potential that the development of Business Intelligence and Analytics (BI&A) can bring to organizations, in particular to the uses of the Performance Measurement System (PMS), and considering the shortage of works of this nature, this thesis had as main purpose to identify how the development of BI&A capabilities influences the uses of the PMS in organizations. A multiple case study was used as an empirical research object in eight small, medium and large organizations located in the states of São Paulo, Espírito Santo and Minas Gerais. Public and private organizations were studied, encompassing the activities of telecommunications services, call center, e-commerce, cosmetics industry and retail, justice, energy services and water and sewage services. The analysis was performed using interviews with key actors, document analysis and the application of a maturity model of BI&A. The results indicate that as organizations grow in BI&A maturity there are benefits over the analyzed uses of Performance Measurement System: control, improvement and planning. Throughout the development of maturity, the increasing capabilities of BI&A such as, information quality, culture of information use and functionalities (for example, visualization, self-service BI and predictive techniques), leverage the uses of PMS. There are benefits to the uses of PMS in the studied organizations, mainly in the operational management level, in aspects such as performance indicators monitoring, coverage of the use of indicators, business understanding, identification of deviations and problems, capacity to respond to changes and resources management.
Estudos comparativos da interação de Hsp90 de diferentes organismos com nucleotídeos adenosina e caracterização da Aha4 de Plasmodium falciparum
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-07-31)
Minari, Karine
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Borges, Júlio Cesar
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6033516785481779
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0606283087212995
Hsp90 (heat shock protein of 90 kDa) are among the most abundant proteins in non-stressed cells. They interact with proteins that are not in the native state, correcting their incorrect folding, they participate in signal transduction pathways, apoptosis and they are also involved in cell growth and development, protein maturation and activation, among others. In protozoa such as Plasmodium falciparum and Leishmania braziliensis, Hsp90 participate in the growth, development, differentiation and survival of the parasites. In this way, they become attractive targets for treatment of diseases such as malaria, leishmaniasis and cancer. Hsp90 do not act alone because they are involved in a complex network with other proteins, especially the co-chaperones. Aha protein (Activator of the Hsp90-ATPase Activity) is a co-chaperone that activate the ATPase activity of Hsp90, which is composed by two canonical domains localized at the N- and C-terminus, respectively, binding at the chaperone dimer interfaces. This interaction is also targeted for the treatment of diseases. The objectives of the first chapter of this work were to perform a comparative study to characterize the interaction of yeast, L. braziliensis, P. falciparum, sugarcane and human α and β isoforms with nucleotides adenosine ATP and ADP by isothermal titration calorimetry, nuclear magnetic resonance and molecular dynamics. The estimation of the ATPase activity of the Hsp90 proteins of P. falciparum and L. braziliensis, as well as the evaluation of the inhibition of Hsp90 by classical inhibitors of Hsp90 (geldanamycin and radicicol) were also performed. In parallel, for PfAha4 protein (Aha type 4 of P. falciparum), structural studies such as circular dichroism spectrophotometry, fluorescence spectroscopy, analytical ultracentrifugation and small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) were performed (shown in chapter 2 of this thesis). For the interaction characterization, ITC experiments were performed in order to test the PfAha4 interaction with P. falciparum Hsp90 protein (PfHsp90). The experiments showed that the mode of interaction of Hsp90 with ATP and ADP are different, probably due to the microstates that the binders experience at the interaction site. Thus, despite the high sequence similarity of these proteins, selective inhibition can be achieved. For PfAha4, which is composed by the canonical C-terminal Aha domain, the results showed that it has similar properties with other Ahas. It is a globular monomer in solution and showed high affinity for PfHsp90 in a stoichiometry of 2:1.
Síntese, caracterização e testes eletroquímicos de dióxido de manganês nanométrico como material de eletrodo de supercapacitores
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-08-01)
Zutim, Paulo
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Bocchi, Nerilso
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5930614700886481
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6036258745790589
Manganese dioxide was synthesized by a microwave-hydrothermal method using alternative, unprecedented and completely soluble reagents. For such, potassium permanganate and acetone were dissolved in different proportions (4:1,5; 4:3; 4:4 and 4:7,) and treated in a microwave reactor, under magnetic stirring, at different temperatures (100, 140 and 160 °C), synthesis times (1, 3, 5 and 10 min) and porcentage of the vessel volume occupied by the reactional mixture (60 and 80%). The obtained materials have been characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning and transmission electron microscopies, electron diffraction, thermogravimetry, determination of specific area, cyclic voltammetry, and charge and discharge at constant current. The X-ray diffractogramms of the evaluated materials were associated with the JCPDS card number 421317 for MnO2 phase potassium birnessita. The synthesized materials also presented, according to others characterization analyses, nanosized particles (with hierarchical structure), presence of adsorbed and crystalline water and a specific area of 108 m2 g–1, being desirable features for electrode materials of supercapacitors. In order to improve the reproducibility of specific capacitance (c) values the electrodes preparation methodology was also studied. The best results were obtained for electrodes containing 75% MnO2, 20% acetylene black and 5% PVDF confectioned by the methodology of dropping followed by spinning and using a acetylene black of lower average particle size. The product of the synthesis performed at 100 °C over 10 min with the reactional vessel filled with 60% of its total capacity presented the best results as active material for supercapacitor electrode, with a c value of (17 ± 1) x 101 F g–1 (0,2 g–1 ) and a charge retention of 81 % after 5000 charge and discharge cycles at 1 A g–1.
As representações sociais: análise temporal em função da existência da legislação das áreas de proteção e recuperação dos mananciais (APREM) do município de São Carlos-SP -Bacia Hidrográfica do Ribeirão do Feijão (BHRF)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-08-02)
Galvão, Davi Fortes
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Gonçalves, Juliano Costa
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1803562162325019
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7820097279012204
The reflection about social practices in an urban context marked by the permanent deterioration of the built environment and its ecosystem can not dispense with the analysis of the determining factors of the process and its actors and of the forms of social organization. This study evaluated whether the Law of Areas of Protection and Recovery of Waters (APRW) that contributed significantly to the environmental conservation of the Ribeirão do Feijão Watershed (RFW) in the municipality of São Carlos during its period of validity (2006 to 2016) the link between human activities, the local social context, land use change and the effects of these dynamics on the conservation of the environment, thus providing a basis for the sustainable use and management of the environmental resources of São Carlos (SC) and other regions. Interviews with local residents and specialists, raised the social representations (SR) attributed to RFW analyzing what SR can express about the thoughts and relationships that individuals maintain with the organs with the state and with environmental laws. These expressions gave meaning to the perception of the local population about the state of conservation of the vegetation of the surroundings of where they live. The verification of the effectiveness of the APRW Law and its influence on the conservation of the RFW-SC was facilitated by geographic information systems tools that obtained data from the years of 2006, 2011 and 2016 comparing this data among themselves and also with neighboring municipalities (Itirapina and Analândia) that are also part of the RFW under the influence of the law APRW. There was a difference between the SR of the local residents, focused mainly on their productive and subsistence activities, and SR of the specialists, focused on urban supply. These differences in SR on the RFW generate conflicts since the specialists are also responsible for drafting environmental laws in the RFW that the local residents are subject to. The SRs raised by the interviews with the local residents of the RFW demanded new analyzes on SR, highlighting the most impactful to the environment (more impactful social representations - MISR) and the less impactful social representations (LISR). The MISR are related to subsistence, supplies and domestic use, while LISR refer to RFW as an affective site, linked to the following approaches: 1) well-being and admiration, 2) environmental dynamics and 3) water is life. Regarding the analyzes of the land use and cover data, it can be observed that in the period between 2006 (still without the influence of the APRW law) and 2016, that the forest areas in the RFW-SC increased by 36.89% (from 25.94% of the area to 35.51%). In the part of RFW-Itirapina / Analândia, forest vegetation increased from 16.02% to 18.83%, a relative increase of 17.54%.Regarding the permanent preservation areas (PPAs) in the RFW-SC under the jurisdiction of the APRW law, it was found that in the same period, the areas of PPAs had an increase of 16.42%, and in the RFW Itirapina / Analândia an increase of 11.1%. The environmental perception regarding the conservation status of the forest was consistent with the results of the survey, in which 53.85% of the interviewed residents believed that the forest vegetation is increasing, 26.92% said that it remained stable and 19.23% believed that the vegetation is decreasing. Regarding the importance of the inspection bodies, 69% of the interviewed local residents believe that they are important for environmental conservation, 23% for guidance and environmental education, and 8% have shown repulsion to these bodies. As for the knowledge of the APRW law by the residents, none of the interviewees seemed to know it; just have some knowledge regarding protection of APPs and cutting of trees in general.
Projeto de Monitoramento de Praias (PMP): potencialidades e limites para a conservação costeira e marinha
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-08-02)
Dias, Renata Balsamo
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Godoy, Daniela Ferro de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3610300420681608
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Rabinovici, Andrea
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4506171831521594
Among the environmental programs implemented in regions potentially impacted by oil activity is the Beach Monitoring Program (PMP). Its objective is to evaluate the possible impacts caused by the exploration, production and out flow of oil and gas in marine tetrapods (birds, turtles and mammals), through stranding monitoring, rescue and rehabilitation of these animals. The objective of the research was to study the Beach Monitoring Project as a subsidy in coastal management, with emphasis on areas where there are Protected Areas (PAs). Therefore, the research was based on two case studies: the Beach Monitoring Program of the Campos and Espírito Santo basins (PMP BC-ES) which occurs on the northern coast of Espírito Santo and the Beach Monitoring Program of Santos Basin phase 1 (PMP-BS Fase 1), on the southern coast of the state of São Paulo, both are held due to the activities of PETROBRAS. Documentary research and semi-structured interviews were carried out, with the purpose of knowing the implementation, planning and execution of PMPs, as well as raising the involvement of the main social actors in this process. The main results obtained were the contributions in knowledge about the coastal and marine environment generated by the PMP data, as well as the impacts of human activities in this environment. In addition, direct and indirect contributions were made to the use of PMP data in the planning and management of PAs, such as assistance in the monitoring of the territory due to the daily activities of the field teams, technical basis for the creation of new PAs and use of data to integrate the Management Plans. However, for such contributions to occur issues related to data accessibility failures should be addressed and participation of society in general, as well as the different actors involved in the management of these areas, should be encouraged.
Efeitos de florestas ripárias em restauração na estrutura de comunidades de macroinvertebrados aquáticos e nas taxas de decomposição de matéria orgânica
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-08-03)
Hernández, Carolina Giraldo
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Tanaka, Marcel Okamoto
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2768658925977757
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0446564854748436
Riparian forests play a very important role in protecting watercourses and represent an energy source for the aquatic communities in low-order streams. Therefore, the input of allochthonous material from these ecosystems influence the food chains and create microhabitats that influence the composition and spatial distribution of aquatic macroinvertebrates. These organisms, in turn, are responsible for incorporating plant material into the secondary production and for decomposing the organic matter. Therefore, restoration of riparian vegetation, although frequently performed at a small spatial scale, may have positive effects on aquatic biota. This study evaluated the effects of riparian forests under restoration on the structure of aquatic macroinvertebrate communities and on the rates of organic matter decomposition in low-order streams in southeastern Brazil. Three types of streams were compared, 1) with natural riparian forest, 2) with riparian forest under restoration, and 3) with riparian zones altered by anthropic activities. Within each stream, a 150 m reach was selected to study the substrate characteristics of the streambed (small spatial scale), riparian forest (intermediate scale) and land use and occupation of the basin (large scale). Streams under restoration were intermediate between the agricultural and natural streams in relation to the composition of aquatic macroinvertebrates, showing that riparian forests under restoration have positive effects on the diversity of aquatic communities. Although restoration did not have a positive effect on organic matter decomposition rates, current velocity had a significant effect, being higher in the agricultural streams, suggesting that other factors at different spatial scales, modulated by the proportion land cover by riparian forests, can influence this ecosystem function through complex interactions.
Metadados de preservação em Cloud Services
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-08-03)
Tauil, Júlio César Silveira
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Castro, Fabiano Ferreira de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7124931056289027
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3487714035126395
The storage of digital objects in Cloud Services has increasingly been adopted to contain technological obsolescence and preserve digital information. However, more traditional Cloud Services do not yet have a framework that encompasses the applications of digital preservation in the life cycle of digital objects, nor do they support preservation metadata standards in their environments. In this sense, this research seeks to perform a study of the interconnection characteristics of the digital preservation metadata with Cloud Services. Through the Systematic Review of Literature, the mapping of the publications in the areas of Information Science and Computer Science that related the digital preservation metadata in Cloud Services was done. The data obtained in the retrieved documents were analyzed with the adoption of content analysis, highlighting as results the identified categories: terminological conceptualization of Cloud Services; digital preservation metadata adopted and employed in Cloud Services; research trends on the subject. It was possible to highlight the characteristics, functionalities and the relationship between digital preservation metadata standards and Cloud Services. It is concluded that the preservation metadata studies in Cloud Services are still inexpressive in the area of Information Science in the current scenario, both internationally and nationally. The need for a greater positioning of Information Science in the landscape of digital preservation metadata in Cloud Services is emerging, since this science holds the corpus of knowledge to answer the questions of storage, description, representation, and preservation of data and information in digital environments contributing to science and innovation.
O Estado pós-neoliberal e os Programas de Transferência Condicionada de Renda no Brasil e na Argentina: ruptura ou continuidade?
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-08-06)
Silva, Ivan Henrique de Mattos e
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Cepêda, Vera Alves
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4917331423373631
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3755380812511630
The period placed between the early 2000s and the mid 2010s set up new experiences on the horizon of Latin America that presented themselves as alternatives to the neoliberal hegemony that followed the processes of democratic reconstruction of the 1980s and 1990s. Respected the peculiarities and specificities of each case, those experiences were broadly defined as different expressions of a post neoliberal State. This work aims to analyze the patterns of rupture and continuity represented by the post neoliberal experiences of Brazil and Argentina, considering as the object what became the main state strategy to fight social asymmetries in the late twentieth century: the Conditioned Cash Transfer Programs, respectively the Programa Bolsa Família and the Asignación Universal por Hijo.
Teorema de Pitágoras: uma proposta de ensino e aprendizagem para alunos deficientes visuais
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-08-06)
Luiz, Nasael Martins
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Pires, Rogério Fernando
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2795801064535157
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9378110405964744
The purpose of this paper was to investigate the potentialities and limitations of a teaching intervention, structured on the basis of making materials to be handled by visually impaired students, aiming at the construction of Pythagorean Theorem concept, systematization and learning. The chosen theme is part of Geometry field which has strong association with visual experiences, and from the hypothesis that this public is able to appropriate notions related to this concept as well as the sighted, providing their access by other senses, considering their specificities and adaptations. This study proposed to answer the question: "What are the potentialities and limitations of a structured teaching intervention from tactile materials related to Pythagorean Theorem, for the first grade students with visual impairment?" And to answer it, a qualitative research was carried out through a case study, with two congenital blind pupils of public schools in Itapevi and Barueri, both in São Paulo. The students passed by the interventions which consisted on the application of seven activities using a representative depictions of polygons and specific instruments to measure and compare angles. The theoretical basis of this research was the study of Vygotsky's conceptions of the development of higher psychological functions through the observation of information transit (the thoughts) at the zone of proximal development of an individual. An overview of Brazilian legislation on inclusive education that theoretically approaches disabled people education, especially visual sensory, was also part of the elements that underpinned this study. The results showed that a mediation action of an experienced person aided with the manipulation of materials and structured activities within each students specificities, made possible the acquisition and development of knowledge related to Geometry by the students, to construct the concept of the Pythagorean Theorem. The curricular adaptation has contributed to an inclusion in which teaching and learning process prevails.
Aceleração do processo de compostagem de lodos gerados em reatores UASB com inóculo comercial
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-08-06)
Boina, Welliton Leandro de Oliveira
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Cordeiro, João Sergio
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2572864522562875
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8710752577794108
Brazil still faces very serious problems currently related to the management of solid waste in various sectors. Among the most diverse waste generated daily, sewage sludge deserves special mention due to its problematic and often neglected final disposition. The great concern resulting from the inadequate management of this type of waste lies in the fact that it is a contaminant due to the presence of pathogenic microorganisms and toxic metals that are harmful to human health and the environment. However, as an alternative, commonly between treatments and final provisions, what is more evident is the reduction of volume and humidity for disposal in landfills. At present there is no denying certain prerogatives that meet this type of possibility, such as the scarcity of areas suitable for the construction of landfills and the guidelines related to the integrated management and solid waste management governed by Law No. 12,305 / 10, regulated by Decree No. 7.404 / 10, of December 23, 2010, which establishes the National Solid Waste Policy (PNRS). Thus, the biooxidation of sanitary sewage sludge by means of the composting process can improve the physical, chemical and biological qualities of the waste, as well as represent a promising alternative to soil conditioning chemical compounds. In this sense, this study presents results of the composting process of sanitary sewage sludge generated in UASB reactors through the use of commercial inoculum. The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of the commercial inoculum in the composting process. During the composting process, analyzes of temperature, humidity, pH, electrical conductivity and solids contents (total, fixed and volatile) were performed, as well as the agronomic parameters of the organic compounds obtained in the final composting process. In view of the above, the results of the analyzes carried out during the composting process did not show significant improvements that justify the use of the commercial inoculum when compared to the results obtained in the composting process that did not use the commercial inoculum. Likewise, the evaluation of the analyzes performed on the organic compounds obtained at the end of the composting processes (inoculated and conventional), did not present significant changes that justify the use of the commercial inoculum. Thus, in view of the procedures in which the study was developed and considering the type of sanitary sewage sludge and the structural material used, the use of commercial inoculum in the composting process did not provide significant improvements to the point of justifying its use, with the microorganisms being native present in the system sufficient for the degradation process of organic matter.
Recuperação de informação em atas de reunião utilizando segmentação textual e extração de tópicos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-08-07)
Francisco, Ovídio José
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Rossi, Rafael Geraldeli
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3459897790282753
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Faceli, Katti
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4451540730749377
In a context where the most informations stored by the organizations is in the text format, the development of computer tools for knowledge discovery aimed to organization and information retrieval is a task that holds attention and relevance. The extraction topic models are often employed in this task. This models are able to establish relations between documents and found latents patterns in sets of them. However, there is an additional challenge for documents composed by multiples subjects. For texts with subject shifts, it is necessary, in fist, found the chunks of texts that address a single subject. So, the text segmentation techniques are used to break a text in segments with a relatively independent issue. The combination of the text segmentation and topic extraction algorithms, can be used to make an structure that helps to understanding textual data, which are inherently non structured. The creation of an topic organized structure, that incorporates latent information concerning the corpus, favors Information Retrievals techniques. This approach allows query expansion space, besides the original set of terms of each segment, and the identification most relevant pieces of text. This work presents an methodology to connect the Text Segmentation techniques to the Topic extraction models, in order to generates an derivative structure from a non structured corpus, which concentrates the original texts plus the latent informations and organized by semantic likeness. The research for this thesis investigates the text segmentation techniques and the Topic extraction models to develop an Information Retrieval system for meeting minutes. We develops an system to give to the user the most relevant segments to the query. The segmentos presented are clustered by this topics, that also enables exploratory searches to the data base, through browsing by groups of semantically related segments. Furthermore, less relevant segments are omitted, allowing results focused on the researched subject. Five techniques of text segmentation and three Topic extraction models from the literature was evaluated. Based on the set of meeting minutes analysed, we create an manually annotated corpus with informations on the thematic composition of the meeting minutes and about the issue shifts. The annotated corpus served as reference to objective evaluation of the text segmentation techniques. We also evaluate the results obtained with the Topic extraction models. This results were analysed by related to the meeting minutes context. The results points the employed techniques and the methodology presented gives satisfactory answers. However, more data can be necessary to leads new experiments in order to improve the used techniques. The system implementation and the tools used in the work, as well the results obtained in the evaluations, plus the annotated corpus are the principal contributions of this work, in order to support next works.
Análise da microconformação do alumínio de grãos ultrafinos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-08-08)
Moraes, Etiane Carvalho
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Kliauga, Andrea Madeira
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3527528295399928
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0012503755485511
Product miniaturization is a current trend, involving several industry segments. Microforming is an especially interesting process to produce parts in millimeter scale because of its high productivity. The grain size can be considered as a key micro structural factor for downsizing the deformation process because it affects almost all physical and mechanical behavior of polycrystalline metals. Ultrafine grain material shows a great potential for microforming since they can decrease the elastic and plastic anisotropy that would prevail in a coarse grain structure. The aim of the study is to compare the conformability of coarse and ultrafine grain structures of a commercial grade aluminum (ASTM AA1050) in the deep drawing process at different scales to ckeck the increase in the quality of the miniaturized product and process. The material, originated from a 7 mm roll-casted sheet, was solutionized at 400°C for 2h producing a coarse grain structure of an average grain size of 150µm (CG material). The production of ultrafine grain samples was carried out by Equal-channel angular pressing (ECAP) using a die with an internal angle of 120°C, and route A (no rotation of the samples between passes) up to 8 passes, achieving an average grain size of 1,5µm (FG material). The grain size effect was analyzed by microhardness and tensile tests. In order to get an effective comparison between differences in dimensional scales and grain sizes, the scalar comparison was performed in four effective volumes: 252mm3, 42mm3, 28mm3 and 1mm3 in tensile experiments performed at a strain rate of 10−3 s −1. The traction test was also performed by the virtual field method (VFM), to verify the behavior of the material in the of the in the necking region. The deformation pattern was characterized by electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) and microhardness tests and scanning electron microscopy. A drawing die was designed to evaluate the behavior of these two materials with sheet thickness of 1 and 0.5 mm. The two materials had different deformation mechanisms: in CG the strain concentrated inside the grains and new interfaces were created with continuous hardening in the neck region, whereas in FG the thickness of the existent boundaries increased and strain was promoted by grain boundary sliding, which yield softening in the neck region. The CG structure yield larger uniform elongation and deeper drawing rate than the FG structure. On the other hand, the form adjustment and strain distribution was more uniform in the FG material than in the CG material. Contrary to the expected from the literature review, an increase of the deformation stress was measured when the scale of the sample was reduced. This effect was more accentuated in the FG than in the CG material, and this behavioral was associated to the increment of the relative sample volume participating in the stress concentration at the reduced scale.