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Evolução e integração de fenótipos complexos em insetos: estudo de caso em Teleopsis Dalmanni (Diptera:Diopsidae) e em espécies de Anastrepha do grupo Fraterculus (Diptera: Tephritidae)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-08-31)
Gustani, Emanuele Cristina
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Brito, Reinaldo Alves de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8253066295947754
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5932637086973437
Complex traits are affected by multiple traits and processes, whose interaction shape and determine their evolutionary patterns. This work uses quantitative evolutionary genetic methodologies to understand the evolutionary forces affecting the morphological differentiation of complex traits in two different evolutionary models, with the goal of quantifying the magnitude of selection and its response modulated by the covariance of morphological traits. Teleopsis dalmanni are stalk-eyed flies whose exaggerated ornament is a response to mating choice on males with larger stalk-eyes for mating. However, few works explore the unintentional effect of this selection on other body parts, and the impact of the energy balance on the evolution of different traits. In two strains subjected to bidirectional artificial selection for large and small stalk-to-body ratios, we found phenotypic changes on target and non-target selected traits. Given this change, the genetic variance / covariance G matrix showed that these traits are positively correlated and the prediction of the response vectors to the selection also shows a correlated response. A separate experiment on individuals exposed to different levels of resource constraints detected a change in response to selection depending on resource availability, showing unintentional pattern selection among traits, possibly as compensation for extreme stalk-eye lengths, to maintain high flying capability in mating performances. A second case study investigated the evolutionary potential of morphological traits used to identify species and targets of sexual selection for species belonging to five groups of the genus Anastrepha (fraterculus, grandis, pseuparallela, serpentina and striata), which represent a portion of the great diversity in the genus, with a special focus on the fraterculus group, which harbors some of the most widely distributed species in the genus. We found significant phylogenetic signal for some of the traits linked to sexual identification and selection among species groups, and within the fraterculus group only for the aculeus apex and wing shape. A correlation analysis of ancestral matrix Principal components revealed that the studied species do not follow the Brownian stochastic model, suggesting that their evolution is shaped by selection. Considering that environmental heterogeneity (plasticity) could play a relevant role in the adaptation of these species, we quantified the environmental influence of hosts in two polyphagous species, A. fraterculus and A. obliqua. Plasticity vectors positively correlated with selection and response to selection gradients indicate a possible host specificity that affected mainly the aculeus apex, the aculeus width in their non-serrated portion, the wing size and width, the eye size and the head width. These results, together with the high intraspecific variation and phylogenetic signal only for a limited number of traits, though corroborate the relevant role of the aculeus on taxonomy, raise a cautionary flag for its use in species identification, particularly among species of the fraterculus group, which are phylogenetically closer, and suggests that host attributes should be considered to avoid potentially confounding results. Thus, our study contributes to the elucidation of morphological evolutionary patterns in these insect models, by considering poorly explored quantitative models as well as direct and indirect environmental pressure inferences.
Clonagem e expressão heteróloga de proteínas estruturais (C, prM, E) de Zika Virus (ZIKV)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-08-31)
Bonomo, Jéssica Hilário
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Watanabe, Tatiana Faria
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9848838432291230
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Thiemann, Otávio Henrique
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4933022274560322
Viruses are organisms which depend on the host cellular machinery to replicate, and are relevant to human, livestock and plant health. The modern threat of emerging pandemics is pressing and, in this scenario, Zika Virus (ZIKV) is an important recent example, due to recent epidemics and confirmation of its involvement in congenital development and neurological manifestations. The ability to produce recombinant virus like particles (VLPs) and recombinant proteins can lead to the understanding of its structure and the development of new therapeutic approaches, as well as the understanding of interaction mechanisms between the virion and host cell. This study aims to achieve heterologous production of ZIKV VLPs as well as ZIKV Capsid protein for future structural analysis and to make them available to the research community. A recombinant construct containing the three structural proteins of ZIKV (C, prM and E) cloned into pPICZα vector was integrated in Pichia pastoris genome for AOX1 promoter induced expression. C protein coding region was cloned into Escherichia coli expression vector for separate expression and purification by affinity chromatography using a 6xHis tag construct. Integration of the coding region for the proteins C, prM and E in the P. pastoris genome was confirmed via PCR and sequencing. Results showed the possibility of obtaining soluble secreted recombinant product. Production of isolated C protein was achieved in E. coli and its purification was performed through affinity chromatography.
Diagnóstico da participação dos servidores técnicos- administrativos (TAs) das coordenações dos cursos de graduação na tomada de decisão da gestão do Centro de Educação e Ciências Humanas da UFSCar
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-08-31)
Biasioli, Renata Maria
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Martins, Manoel Fernando
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3921504261628850
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7945010750479622
This work aims making a diagnosis of the current condition of participation in decision-making process of technical-administrative employees (TAs) in the Coordination of Graduation Courses of the Center for Education and Human Sciences (CECH) of the Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar). There was also a survey of the impressions of these servers in relation to their skills, working conditions and training. The motivation for this study was based on the interest of the team in charge of CECH Management in carrying out strategic planning in this unit. The "academic" character of the management of this Center of UFSCar, over the years was being left aside because of the need to carry out the administrative management of it. The current management understands that it is time to retake the academic protagonism of the Center, based on the tripod "Teaching, Research and Extension". For this, it is necessary that the administrative management of the Center operate efficiently and competently. In this aspect the role played by the TAs becomes fundamental. In order to delimit the field of study of this work, it was decided to consider the 11 technical- administrative servers working in the 11 Coordination of the Undergraduate Courses of CECH. This is a descriptive and exploratory study case with the purpose of producing a state-of-the- art diagnosis of the participation of TAs in CECH decision-making processes, creating part of the necessary bases and guidelines for the future implementation of strategic planning in the Center, aiming to guide its future actions of research, teaching and extension. This research contributes to future actions of Planning and Participatory Management in CECH.
Degradação em processamento, cinética de cristalização e policondensação no estado sólido de poli(ácido láctico)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-08-31)
Gonçalves, Lívia Maria Garcia
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Bettini, Sílvia Helena Prado
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4363241260504189
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4363241260504189
In this work, the degradation of poly (lactic acid) (PLA) within conditions of high temperature, shear stress and humidity was studied. In addition to that, the crystallization kinetics of these degraded materials was assessed. The two topics were studied in order to be applied as controlled variables in the process of Solid State Polymerization (SSP) as an attempt to increase molecular weight of these materials. The degradation was promoted in a closed mixing chamber of a torque rheometer with discrete conditions of temperature and humidity. The degraded samples were characterized by techniques as Size Exclusion Chromatography (SEC), quantification of acidic percentages and Nuclear Magnetic resonance (NMR). The obtained data has enabled the comprehension of some of the degrading mechanisms involved in the processing, and its correlation to possible results of the posterior SSP process. Polymers with up to 50% reduction of molecular weight were obtained. The coefficients of the Avrami equation were determined for the purpose of control annealing treatments, which were mandatory before the SSP. Good correlation between the theoretical and practical values of crystallization were obtained, as well as the desired crystallographic phases, with the variation of temperature. Solid State Polymerization, however, has not lead to the desired results of increasing molecular weight, possibly due to small concentration of chain ends, even with the chain scissions induced by degradation
Efeito do knockout da Mitofusina 1 sobre a fertilidade de oócitos murinos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-08-31)
Carvalho, Karen Freire
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Chiaratti, Marcos Roberto
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0392078007500289
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0293235026125972
Fertility is directly related to oocyte developmental competence. In this context, oocyte mitochondria play a crucial role and have become an important target in assisted reproduction therapies. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying these mitochondrial effects are unknown. Therefore, the implications of the deletion of Mitofusin 1 (Mfn1 cKO) in murine oocytes was investigated in this project. Infertility of Mfn1 cKO females was characterized by interruption in oocyte growth and total failure in ovulation. Compared with wild type oocytes (WT), Mfn1 cKO oocytes showed mitochondria with abnormal ultrastructure, fewer cristae and a vesicular internal structure. Assays with BrdU incorporation by the granulosa cells reinforced the phenotype of blocked folliculogenesis, since the Mfn1 cKO group presented a decrease in the number of cells in replication. In addition, it was verified that this group shows a decrease, both in the oocyte and in the ovary, in the amount of transcripts of most genes analyzed, involved with oocyte-granulosa communication and folliculogenesis control. Important factors for the progression of folliculogenesis had their mRNA levels restored when Mfn1 cKO granulosa-oocyte complexes (GOCs) were co-cultured with denuded WT oocytes. To test whether were due to an imbalance in the expression of Mitofusin 2 (MFN2) relative to MFN1, MFN2 or MFN1 and MFN2 were overexpressed during GOC culture. It was observed that MFN2 overexpression inhibited oocyte growth, which was rescued by overexpression of both Mitofusins. Therefore, the infertility of females Mfn1 cKO seems to be related to an imbalance in the expression of MFN1 and MFN2. Consequently, Mfn1 deletion led to the inhibition of PI3K/AKT signaling pathways in the oocyte as well as the expression of GDF9, Bmp15 and Fgf8b, resulting in folliculogenesis blockage, as it affected oocyte-granulosa communication.
ABAcadabra: um aplicativo para o ensino de discriminações condicionais auditivo-visuais a indivíduos com transtorno do espectro do autismo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-08-31)
Guimarães, Luiza de Moura
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Souza, Altay Alves Lino de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8948217221748469
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Carmo, João dos Santos
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1263046410329694
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a developmental disorder that has deficits in social communication skills, and a high frequency of stereotypy and restricted behavior. Behavior Analysis is an important intervention that helps to decrease ASD symptoms. The ASD behavioral intervention involves, often, language development, since part of this population is no vocal. Spoken by others is a crucial repertoire that consists in learning relationships between stimuli. Many studies investigated that computer-based technologies to teach people with autism. In this context, Tables are a possible tool for teaching fundamental skills to ASD individuals, and it can help them to have a better quality of life. ABAcadabra can establish many skills can be teaching by the ABAcadabra, like conditional discrimination via MTS tasks. The present study proposed to (1) present a literature review that use tablet app to teach individuals with autism; (2) describe an evaluate tablet program called ABAcadabra, (2) test the use of app to grow receptive identification response; (3) evaluate three types of training: with ABAcadabra application alone, with paper alone, and combined form (ABAcadabra and paper tasks). In the review of studies that used tablet to teach individuals with ASD, was selected 30 articles, most of them used speech generate device to teach non vocal individuals; only two studies used MTS procedures to teach thru the app. In ABAcadabra description, in expert jugde’s evaluation, all judges agree that ABAcadabra is compatible with studies in Education and Behavior Analysis areas. Three experimental studies were conducted. In Experiment 1 with a non-vocal child diagnosed with ASD, training with paper was not enough to reach a teaching criterion for receptive identification of figures, and then combined training (with ABAcadabra and paper tasks) was conducted, and it was sufficient in the purchase (acquisition) of the discrimination repertoire. In Experiment 2, conducted with two children with ASD (one vocal and another non-vocal), a training to teach identifying photos of school colleagues by name was conducted. The experimental stimuli were separated into two groups, each one related to a type of training (with paper and with ABAcadabra). The results showed that the response was not stable when the task was present by ABAcadabra. In Experiments 3, the experimental stimuli were separated into three groups, each one related to the type of training (with ABAcadabra, paper and combined). One participant (ASD and non-vocal) had to identify items such as fruits and tools, and another (ASD and vocal) had to identify syllables. With both participants, combined training proved to be more efficient because it facilitated the rapid acquisition of responses, as well as the emergence of new responses. The ABAcadabra application may have much to contribute to teach symbolic relationships to children with autism.
Formação e atitudes sociais sobre inclusão escolar em Licenciandos de Ciências Exatas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-08-31)
Torres, Josiane Pereira
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Mendes, Enicéia Gonçalves
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3897627554738983
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8280180476421117
The number of enrollments of students with disabilities has increased over the years as a result of struggles and enforcement, which has ensured that these students have access to schooling in regular education. However, national legislation may provide for such access, but it can not guarantee that teachers who will receive such students will manifest attitudes favorable to the permanence of that student in their classroom. Studies have pointed out that teachers' attitudes can be a determining factor for the success of school inclusion, and part of the construction of favorable attitudes occurs through an adequate teacher training. However, the teachers' complaint highlighting the lack of preparation to meet this student audience has been recurrent, largely because adequate training is not provided during initial training. The curricular degrees of undergraduate courses, for the most part, have not included disciplines related to inclusive education. The present study aimed to develop and implement a teacher training program to test the effect of special education thematic on the social attitudes of exact science graduates. The training program was elaborated in three units addressing the contents of Pedagogical History, Policies and Practices. A total of 88 trainees composed the sample, and were distributed in three rooms of the moodle in which the course was developed. The course environment was composed of three main tabs concentrating the three themes to be tested, and three separate virtual rooms were created. Each room began the course by a thematic, the three were approached simultaneously and interspersed. Before and after the participation of the trainees in the first unit of the course, their social attitudes were measured through the Likert Scale of Social Attitudes in relation to inclusion (ELASI). By means of statistical tests we verified that there was no statistically significant difference in the attitudes of the students for each one of the subjects tested between the rooms, as well as intra-rooms. However, it is to be considered that most of the students have already started the course with attitudes close to the extreme maximum of ELASI. During the analyzes, there were cases of decrease of scores in the post-test when compared to the pre-test, cases of the same measure of attitudes in both tests. Although the quantitative results show that the change in attitudes was not significant, there were some positive fluctuations of attitudes leading to the hypothesis that in some way the course contributed positively to the attitudes of the trainees. Outstanding cases were also analyzed qualitatively according to the respective productions during the activities. The results put us to reflect that the topics addressed in undergraduate courses present some potential to promote changes of attitudes in the graduates, but perhaps it is the moment to rethink the approach and significance given to these disciplines.
Isolation of the endophytic and rhizospheric microbiome associated to Polygala spp.: Evaluation of the biotechnological potential and antimicrobial activity
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-08-31)
Cruz, Felipe de Paula Nogueira
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Anibal, Fernanda de Freitas
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4918261968772806
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Sousa, Cristina Paiva de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9002619114161319
Polygala spp. are plants commonly used for the treatment of injuries and sprains. Their roots contain methyl salicylate, a compound known for its analgesic properties. However, important compounds such as alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenes, lignins and coumarins were obtained from this genus. In this context, the Polygala spp. tissues could represent a promising source of natural products, since that several pharmacological effects have been reported for their crude extracts. Therefore, the microbiome associated to these plants and the antimicrobial potential of the natural product extracts produced by these microorganisms was investigated. In this study it has been demonstrated the isolation of a potent substance with a broad-spectrum activity produced by an actinobacteria Rizo Pp Ac-11 isolated from rhizospheric space of white-flower Polygala sp.. The natural product extract was carried out to a C18 fractionation in a H2O/acetonitrile gradient and all fractions (Rizo Pp Ac-11A, Rizo Pp Ac-11B, Rizo Pp Ac-11C, Rizo Pp Ac-11D, Rizo Pp Ac-11E, Rizo Pp Ac-11F, Rizo Pp Ac-11G, Rizo Pp Ac-11H and Rizo Pp Ac-11I) were tested for antimicrobial activity. Excepting Rizo Pp Ac-11A and Rizo Pp Ac-11B, all fractions showed inhibition. However, the fraction Rizo Pp Ac-11C showed a broad-spectrum activity against all tested microorganisms, especially multi resistant pathogens. Considering that, this study demonstrated for the first time the isolation of microorganisms associated with Polygala spp. and the isolation of substances with broad-spectrum activity.
Ensino-aprendizagem-avaliação: o circuncentro nas tarefas via resolução de problemas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-08-31)
Galera, Sandra Iris Naveiro
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Oliveira, Paulo César
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7516513469811353
The paper presents a field research focused on the learning of geometry, more precisely on the construction and apprehension of the content about circumcenter of a triangle. The research question is based on what are the contributions of the elaborated and applied geometric tasks permeated by the Teaching-Learning- Assessment Methodology through Problem Solving to the students of the 9th year of elementary school. The research was applied to a 9th grade class from a school in the city of Tatuí, State of São Paulo. To support the research, we did a study on the approach of each geometric content that involves the construction of the circumcenter, in the official documents of the State of São Paulo and we tried to complement it through the proposed tasks. We briefly outline the theoretical contribution, as Problem Solving was studied from the placement of the singular problems to the present studies by the GTERP group through Lourdes de La Rosa Onuchic’s Teaching-Learning-Assessment Methodology. Facing the objective, we applied the three tasks developed, according to the steps of the methodology in question and we analyzed, as in the target audience, contributed to the learning of geometry, especially the circumcenter content of a triangle, its properties and applications. The students' productions were analyzed in a qualitative-interpretative way; thus, we infer, with precise examples, how the faces of geometric learning (perception, conception, representation and construction) became present in each assignment.
Jovens, escola e mundo do trabalho: experiências e significados em São Miguel Arcanjo- SP.
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-08-31)
Demarchi, Rodrigo Geraldi
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Corrochano, Maria Carla
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7714353975585252
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8210756984211109
The research analyzed the experiences and trajectories of schooling and work, together with the meanings attributed to these spheres by young men and women who finished high school in the municipality of São Miguel Arcanjo - São Paulo, a place marked by strong traits of rurality. From the theoretical point of view, reference was made to studies on youth, especially on rural youth and on the current flows between the urban and the rural in contemporary times, increasingly present in places that could once be called exclusively rural (José Machado Pais, Vanda Silva, Elisa Guaraná Castro, Maria José Carneiro). The research is qualitative, using the technique of semi-structured interviews conducted with six boys and eight girls between 17 and 21 years old, who finished high school between the years 2015 and 2017. The analysis of the data revealed in a forceful way the presence of school and work in the lives of these young people, as well as a strong interweaving with the characteristics of "rurbanidade" identified between them and the community where they are inserted. At the same time, the presence of flows and transits (between the rural and urban areas and between the locality of São Miguel and other urban centers) experienced by these and these young people associated with strategies of continuity of studies, expansion of the options economic assistance to the family group (through pluriactivity) and the desire to know and live in places other than those of their origin.
Avaliações e correlações das propriedades reológicas, mecânicas e de cinética de cristalização de polímeros utilizados em processo de impressão 3d por FFF
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-09-03)
Sanchez, Larissa Cristina
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Bettini, Sílvia Helena Prado
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3687551763124327
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Costa, Lidiane Cristina
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8246109223926480
Recently there has been an interest increase in the additive manufacturing process (AM), Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF) is one of the most commercially important extrusion-based process. The success of this technology depends on the correct choice of materials and process parameters used. This master's project aimed at modeling the process in order to understand the behavior under flow of the polymer during 3D printing. The rheological and morphological characteristics of the materials were correlated to the mechanical and surface finishing properties of the pieces. In a first step, a commercial grade of natural ABS and PLA filaments were evaluated. In the second stage, a natural PLA and a white pigmented PLA were evaluated for crystallization kinetics. In addition, the process variables were determined according to a central composite statistical design, with the independent variables (printing temperature and process speed) and responses (percentage of crystallinity and flexural mechanical properties). The results revealed that the typical shear rates of the process are between 800 and 1,600 s-1 and for this range the behavior of the polymer can be described by the Power Law. It was obtained that the FFF process is sensitive to shear rate variation, and materials with higher elasticity and faster crystallization kinetics tend to have better surface quality of the form. The study of the crystallization kinetics of PLA showed that, although the pigment of the white coloring material does not interfere in the rheological properties of the material, it alters the crystallization kinetics of the matrix, increasing the crystallinity potential.
Deformações ao longo do tempo de geossintéticos aplicados a uma estrutura de solo reforçado
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-09-03)
Goulart, João Maurício Homsi
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Avesani Neto, José Orlando
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8047254367706977
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Portelinha, Fernando Henrique Martins
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0791082339645058
In service, excessive deformations can lead a geossynthetic soil reinforced structure to failure or undermine it under operational condition. In the design, usually, because of the uncertainly of the long-term efforts, reduction factors are applied, misleading (most of time) to an over conservative design. Among the efforts, there are polymeric reinforcement material creep and whole composition (soil-reinforcement) long-term deformations. In relation to time-dependent behavior, most literature works investigate the long-term behavior with laboratory confined and unconfined tests, few are with real structure captured data. In this context, the present study investigated the long-term behavior of a wall, reinforced with geogrids and woven geotextiles, with a long-term deformations approach. The studied wall was built with local fine soil. The field monitoring collected data was from execution and about to 10.000 hours under operation. The instrumentation consisted in mechanical extensometers to capture internal displacements and topographic surveys to capture settlements. Thus, there was laboratorial approach of the time-dependent reinforcement creep behavior with non-confined test, to compare to observed field behavior. The results shown the long-term deformations are up to 50% of the peak constructive deformation, field versus laboratory comparisons shown that long-term deformations tendency in laboratory underestimated the field. The Sherby-Dorn plots exhibit low creep rates, indicating the reinforcements are in the primary creep, corroborating with literature that, low loads in reinforcements under operation, leads to negligible long-term deformations.
Estudo de pontes com vigas I segmentadas pré-fabricadas de concreto protendido, utilizando o sistema de pré-tração e pós-tração
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-09-03)
Basso, Fabiano
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Carvalho, Roberto Chust
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3633394168236221
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3148754491926881
Nowadays the manufacture of I beams of bridges with section of multiple beams is made in the place using the preforming. However if these beams were prefabricated they could have more quality in executive aspects, in addition to all the advantages that the prefabrication provides. It is understood, however, that the use of the preform in the place of the assembly, provides economy in the transport and the logistics of the same. These two factors become decisive factors in choosing the precast system most of the time, rather than the prefabricated one. The great problem in using prefabrication for the execution of I-beams of bridges, is the usually expensive transportation and transportation logistics, in addition to the assembly that are often complex, making it impractical to pre-fabricate these elements. In this way, the present work has as an alternative to reduce the costs of manufacturing and especially the transport of the beams. The proposed solution is to perform these long beams in a segmented way, thus, the transport becomes simple, and may no longer be a decisive factor in the choice between systems. To verify this proposed solution, we studied a bridge model, obtained through a calculation memory of a real viaduct. After the adoption of the proposed model, a cross-section beam was calculated for three different execution situations: prefabricated with pre-tension; pre-cast in place with post-traction and prefabricated segmented with on-site assembly and post-traction use. The study of the sizing of the segmented beam indicated that only minimal passive reinforcement was required in the first stage of fabrication. When these beams arrive in the work, the segments are connected, using post-traction to obtain the beam with the final span. From the obtained geometries a technical study of the transport of the prefabricated and segmented beams was carried out. The simulation of the real cost of transport, involving the prefabricated beams, being transported in full, comparing with them being transported in a segmented way, showed great savings for the second case.
O papel do(a) professor(a) coordenador(a) pedagógico(a) na formação em serviço dos(as) docentes do ensino fundamental II: uma análise dessa função em uma rede municipal de ensino do interior paulista
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-09-04)
Oliveira, Carolina Alves de
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Onofre, Márcia Regina
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7176529351192598
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8684517180093361
This research defends the importance of pedagogical coordinator teacher as former of the school team, due to the complexity of its functions and its commitment to the learning and formation processes of the teachers, as well as the students. In this sense, the objective of the study is to analyze the role of the coordinating teacher in the Collective Pedagogical Work Schedules (HTPCs) and the reflexes of their actions in the continuous and reflexive formation of the teachers who work in the years of elementary school (6th to 9th grade) in a municipal school network in the interior of São Paulo. As specific objectives, this study aims to: understand the role played by the coordinating teacher with its peers; analyze the understanding of these professionals about continuing education; identify how they select the topics to be worked on in HTPC meetings with teachers from different areas of knowledge; raise and describe the deliberations and actions of the Municipal Department of Education (SME), regarding the guidelines and training for the work of the coordinator teachers in the schools; investigate how these professionals encourage the active participation of the group of teachers, both as regards planning and the development in practice of these meetings of HTPCs. The research of qualitative nature was carried out by means of a bibliographical survey about the researched topic and the application of questionnaires to 7 (seven) coordinating teachers who work in the final years of elementary education (6th to 9th grade) of a network education of the interior of São Paulo. The data were grouped into four axes: a) Performance of the pedagogical coordinator teacher; b) Continuing and in-service training; c) Reflection on practice; d) Formative processes and knowledge. The research results show that they are experienced professionals in teaching; they consider themselves responsible for the continued formation of their teams; they point out the difficulties and obstacles in the performance of their functions, ranging from the lack of adequate training (both initial and continued) to deviation from their functions and meeting daily and bureaucratic emergency demands; they affirm that the HTPC is the largest space for training and dialogue with peers; they establish a good relationship with school management; they reveal that do not have autonomy, because the actions are decreed by the several superior instances; they understand the need for continuity of studies and updating; they highlight the lack of training and conceptual understanding about a reflexive practice, although they develop actions focused on dialogue, criticality and respect for the group; they evidence do not feel prepared to perform the job, because of the lack of courses, training and support from the SME. In this sense, we defend the importance of new research and studies in the area, with the purpose of contributing to the improvement of the initial and continuing training courses for actions linked to the Municipal Departments of Education, as well as for the improvement of the working conditions of pedagogical coordinator teacher.
Empreendedorismo feminino ou trabalho por conta própria? Um estudo sobre trabalhadoras na cidade de São Carlos/SP
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-09-04)
Acquaro, Juliane
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Lima, Jacob Carlos
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9244132532446607
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4047475446462351
In the context of recent transformations in work, self-employment and small businesses have been viewed as alternatives to the traditional labour relations, composing a framework of new occupational arrangements and giving strength to the discourse of entrepreneurship and self-employment. Women, in part because of their common representation as more flexible, therefore more suited to the new demands of production, have conquered new spaces in the labor market, considered entrepreneurs in potencial. Issues related to maternity and domestic care are pointed out as factors that encourage women to engage in less regulated working positions, which make it possible to reconcile e multiple working shifts, favoring their participation in self-employment forms. To what extent the discourse of entrepreneurship re-signifies autonomous work activities and how this discourse is incorporated by the women who are in those activities that were analyzed in this research. The increase in the number of women in the entrepreneurial category in recent years, as well as the growth of movements that trigger the idea of female entrepreneurship, are indications of a tendency to enhance flexible work and self-employment.This research aims to analyze the ways in which this insertion occurs, under what working conditions it is performed and how it is perceived by the women involved. The research was developed through a inquiry of digital content that addresses the category of female entrepreneurship, as well as field work in entrepreneurship events focused on women and interviews with entrepreneurs / self-employed women in the city of São Carlos-SP.
Deep learning para classificação hierárquica de elementos transponíveis
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-09-05)
Nakano, Felipe Kenji
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Cerri, Ricardo
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6266519868438512
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6192556929748278
Transposable Elements (TEs) are DNA sequences that can change its location within a cell's genome. They contribute directly to the genetic variety of species. Besides, their transposition mechanisms can affect the functionality of genes. The correct identification and classification of TEs play a central role in comprehension of genomes. Generally, identification and classification of TEs are performed using tools that employs homology, by comparing a sequence to many sequences from a labeled TE database. Since the literature proposes hierarchical taxonomies to classify TEs according to classes and subclasses, this project aims to develop new classification methods employing Machine Learning (AM) and Artificial Neural Networks (RNA) trained using Deep Learning (DP) concepts. Deep Neural Networks have extend the state-of-art of many field of study, including bioinformatics. As the first step, DNA sequences labelled with previously identified TEs will be collected and mapped according to hierarchies provided by the literature. Next, Deep Learning's neural networks Restricted Booltzman Machine, Auto-encoders, MultiLayer Perceptrons and their stacked version were tested. With these datasets, different classification methods are proposed and compared with literature's methods. As contributions, two new strategies were proposed, nLLCPN (non-Leaf Local Classifier per Parent Node) and LCPNB (Classifier per Parent Node and Branch). Both of then adapt LCPN (Local Classifier per Parent Node) in order to allow classifications in inner nodes. Additionally, the deep neural networks presented superior or competitive results in most of the cases.
Descoberta de preços e especulação no mercado de milho brasileiro
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-09-06)
Raniro, Luisa Rasera
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Cruz Júnior, José César
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0086426315229286
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9231847375086915
University of São Carlos, Sorocaba, 2018. Since the 2000s, several changes occurred in the Brazilian and international corn markets. In Brazil, due primarily to the increasing importance of the winter crop, the central-west region became the main corn producer in the country, overcoming the South, the main summer crop producer. On the international market, the increase in demand for the commodity - mainly in the Chinese and U.S. markets - also changed the behavior of prices worldwide. Based on all the aforementioned changes, we analyzed prices relationships in the corn spot and futures markets in the south and central-west regions of Brazil, between 2004 and 2016. We used various price discovery measures to find that Brazilian corn futures market leads the price information in the country. Our analysis for the spot market indicates that the South, represented by the production region of Cascavel, shows the highest share of price information, and therefore can be considered the primary reference in the price discovery process. However, we found that this result was not consistent, as the region of Rio Verde in the Center-West was the benchmark in the price discovery process during the period when summer crop production was higher than winter crop production (prior to 2011). We analyzed short-term price relationships using the Generalized Supremum Augmented Dickey-Fuller (GSADF) test to identify periods of speculative bubbles. Our results indicated the occurrence of several explosive episodes in all markets. In most cases such episodes were short-lived (lasting less than seven days), with differing characteristics, and had periods of both positive and negative bubbles. In addition, we identified periods when bubbles occurred simultaneously in all markets. This result indicates that there may also be a relationship between regional price volatilities. We expect that our results can be useful for those looking for references in price formation, and for improving commodity trading strategies in the cash market. In addition, once a bubble period is identified, traders can possibly use our results to build their expectations regarding the duration of bubbles and the average price variation (increase and decrease) within a bubble period.
Plataforma Khan Academy: uma análise de suas potencialidades na visão de professores do Ensino Fundamental I de um município do interior de São Paulo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-09-06)
Duarte, Priscila Vandrea Camargo
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Onofre, Márcia Regina
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7176529351192598
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2774473522034136
This research aimed the analysis of the potential use of the Khan Academy platform in the perspective of Elementary School I teachers from the education system in the inner state of São Paulo. The relevance of this research moves towards the unveiling of the universe of studies and researches concerning the challenges and perspectives of blended teaching, as well as to investigate the contribution of integrated experiences and active methodologies as tools and alternative ways to improve teachers’ actions and, consequently, the students learning process. This qualitative research was conducted by online questionnaires containing open and closed questions to (25) twenty-five Elementary school teachers of the municipal education system which has been investigated through sampling, and (1) one professional responsible for the platform deployment in the city, identifying the knowledge concerning the set of themes, its resources and strategies, possibilities of application, the tool limits and ranges as well as the achieved results. The presented data show an identity profile of teachers aged 26 to 45; married in their majority, and with a degree, being a total of (13) thirteen experts and (1) one with a professional Master’s Degree. They are teachers with over 8 years of experience in teaching, with a weekly schedule from 35 to 40 working hours, working during the first years of Elementary School with 3rd and 5tg grades. Regarding the answers related to teachers’ experience with the Khan Academy platform, data revealed that most teachers had from 6 (six) months to 2 (two) years or more using the tool; they were responsible for preparing classes on the platform; they dedicated from 1 to 3 working hours with students; also had an awareness of active methodologies and used different methods in classes because they believed the tool contributed to students learning process; integrated technologies were applied to the syllabus and allowed students to interact with different tools developing learning; cooperation during group activities and the interest in learning by gamification; they highlight that, while using blended teaching, it is necessary to rethink the organization of the classroom and the pedagogical plan elaboration making learning closer to the students’ reality. Although the platform represents an important tool before the current demands of technology and learning in face of a new social model, effective actions to its improvement are necessary and, consequently, the participation of teachers in the process of these activities; construction in the formative processes; and in the mediation with students. This is a collective action which must start from the students' needs, reflect on them to search alternative ways which guarantee a meaningful learning for all.
Estudo da eletro-oxidação de moléculas orgânicas pequenas sobre multicamadas metálicas Ptpc/Rh/Pt e Ptpc/Ru/Pt utilizando FTIR in situ
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-09-06)
Silva, Camila Daiane Ferreira da
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Souza, Ernesto Chaves Pereira de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1505400360366643
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8646821920462899
The modification of platinum-based electrodes for the efficiency optimization of the fuel cells has generated a great scientific interest, due to the problems associated with the poisoning of the catalytic surface. In addition, the use of renewable fuels is an important advantage for these systems by associating the high performance of the electric motors with the low emission of pollutants. In this way, the scientific community has studied numerous materials such as alloys and multilayer metallic structures (MM), and fuels as small organic molecules. In this work, Ptpc/M/Pt metallic multilayers were developed, in which rhodium or ruthenium was used as an intermediate layer, and their catalytic activities were investigated for the methanol and ethanol electro-oxidation in acid medium. For this purpose, cyclic voltammetry (VC) and in situ infrared spectroscopy (in situ FTIR) were used. In addition, the behavior and catalytic activity of MM Ptpc/Rh/Pt for the methanol electro-oxidation in alkaline medium using VC was evaluated. In acid medium, the compositions Ptpc/Rh2,0/Pt1,0 and Ptpc/Ru5,0/Pt2,0 presented increases of 283% and 422%, respectively, in the peak current density compared to Ptpc for the methanol oxidation and 32% and 67%, respectively, for the ethanol electro-oxidation. Using FTIR in situ, the appearance of a band at ~ 2340 cm-1, attributed to CO2, which is the total oxidation product of the alcohols, was observed. In alkaline medium, Ptpc/Rh2,0/Pt1,0 had an increase in the current density of 70% compared to Ptpc. Therefore, the addition of rhodium and ruthenium as intermediate layers promoted an improvement in the catalytic activity compared to Ptpc, probably by altering the electronic configuration of the platinum or improving the bifunctional effect.
Fotobiorreator de iluminação interna para produção de biomassa algal e seus metabólitos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-09-08)
Saadi, Farid Nazih
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Artur Neto, Placeres
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5881687804279355
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Lombardi, Ana Teresa
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6737850858443813
Microalgae are organisms with potential applications in the pharmaceutical, food and cosmetic industries due to their ability to produce high added value biomolecules such as fatty acids and volatile compounds. For their physiological development, the algae depend on the availability of carbon dioxide, nutrients and sufficient light for the photosynthetic process to occur. As there is an increase in cell concentration the internal lighting of the algal cultures can be impaired by self-shading. The deficiency in the light supply to the cells can cause a decrease in the physiological yield, affecting the growth and synthesis of the biomolecules. The aim of this study was to develop a new cylindrical photobioreactor with internal LED illumination intermediated by a light intensity controller in order to improve the light availability in all phases and densities of the culture. This would lead to high production of algal biomass and its metabolites that can be used by the various sectors of industry. The system we developed has maximum light incidence of 2775.3 W m-3 and an illuminated area of 0.0314 m2. Defining the BG11 culture medium as the standard for this study, increasing concentrations of this medium (1x, 2x and 10x BG11) were tested in Chlorella sorokiniana cultures. Cellular health was monitored with measures of photosynthetic yield (Phyto-PAM) and the results showed yield of ~ 0.69 in all treatments. This can be considered a confirmation that the physico-chemical conditions provided by the photobioreactor were sufficient to meet the microalgae needs. The cell concentration reported as dry biomass showed that the 1x and 2x BG11 culture media rendered similar biomass, but the 10x BG11 resulted in higher biomass 6.87 g L-1 even though similar cell density (cells per mL) were obtained in comparison with BG1x and 2x. This lead to the interpretation that BG11 10x produced 200% heavier cells than the other treatments and a productivity of 0.36 g L-1 day-1. The system was tested for the growth of Curvastrum pantanale and a picoplankton species, and the results confirmed the versatility of the photobioreactor proposed for the cultivation of other species.