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Evolução e integração de fenótipos complexos em insetos: estudo de caso em Teleopsis Dalmanni (Diptera:Diopsidae) e em espécies de Anastrepha do grupo Fraterculus (Diptera: Tephritidae)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-08-31) Gustani, Emanuele Cristina; Brito, Reinaldo Alves de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8253066295947754; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5932637086973437
Complex traits are affected by multiple traits and processes, whose interaction shape and determine their evolutionary patterns. This work uses quantitative evolutionary genetic methodologies to understand the evolutionary forces affecting the morphological differentiation of complex traits in two different evolutionary models, with the goal of quantifying the magnitude of selection and its response modulated by the covariance of morphological traits. Teleopsis dalmanni are stalk-eyed flies whose exaggerated ornament is a response to mating choice on males with larger stalk-eyes for mating. However, few works explore the unintentional effect of this selection on other body parts, and the impact of the energy balance on the evolution of different traits. In two strains subjected to bidirectional artificial selection for large and small stalk-to-body ratios, we found phenotypic changes on target and non-target selected traits. Given this change, the genetic variance / covariance G matrix showed that these traits are positively correlated and the prediction of the response vectors to the selection also shows a correlated response. A separate experiment on individuals exposed to different levels of resource constraints detected a change in response to selection depending on resource availability, showing unintentional pattern selection among traits, possibly as compensation for extreme stalk-eye lengths, to maintain high flying capability in mating performances. A second case study investigated the evolutionary potential of morphological traits used to identify species and targets of sexual selection for species belonging to five groups of the genus Anastrepha (fraterculus, grandis, pseuparallela, serpentina and striata), which represent a portion of the great diversity in the genus, with a special focus on the fraterculus group, which harbors some of the most widely distributed species in the genus. We found significant phylogenetic signal for some of the traits linked to sexual identification and selection among species groups, and within the fraterculus group only for the aculeus apex and wing shape. A correlation analysis of ancestral matrix Principal components revealed that the studied species do not follow the Brownian stochastic model, suggesting that their evolution is shaped by selection. Considering that environmental heterogeneity (plasticity) could play a relevant role in the adaptation of these species, we quantified the environmental influence of hosts in two polyphagous species, A. fraterculus and A. obliqua. Plasticity vectors positively correlated with selection and response to selection gradients indicate a possible host specificity that affected mainly the aculeus apex, the aculeus width in their non-serrated portion, the wing size and width, the eye size and the head width. These results, together with the high intraspecific variation and phylogenetic signal only for a limited number of traits, though corroborate the relevant role of the aculeus on taxonomy, raise a cautionary flag for its use in species identification, particularly among species of the fraterculus group, which are phylogenetically closer, and suggests that host attributes should be considered to avoid potentially confounding results. Thus, our study contributes to the elucidation of morphological evolutionary patterns in these insect models, by considering poorly explored quantitative models as well as direct and indirect environmental pressure inferences.
Clonagem e expressão heteróloga de proteínas estruturais (C, prM, E) de Zika Virus (ZIKV)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-08-31) Bonomo, Jéssica Hilário; Watanabe, Tatiana Faria; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9848838432291230; Thiemann, Otávio Henrique; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4933022274560322; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9050818325875009
Viruses are organisms which depend on the host cellular machinery to replicate, and are relevant to human, livestock and plant health. The modern threat of emerging pandemics is pressing and, in this scenario, Zika Virus (ZIKV) is an important recent example, due to recent epidemics and confirmation of its involvement in congenital development and neurological manifestations. The ability to produce recombinant virus like particles (VLPs) and recombinant proteins can lead to the understanding of its structure and the development of new therapeutic approaches, as well as the understanding of interaction mechanisms between the virion and host cell. This study aims to achieve heterologous production of ZIKV VLPs as well as ZIKV Capsid protein for future structural analysis and to make them available to the research community. A recombinant construct containing the three structural proteins of ZIKV (C, prM and E) cloned into pPICZα vector was integrated in Pichia pastoris genome for AOX1 promoter induced expression. C protein coding region was cloned into Escherichia coli expression vector for separate expression and purification by affinity chromatography using a 6xHis tag construct. Integration of the coding region for the proteins C, prM and E in the P. pastoris genome was confirmed via PCR and sequencing. Results showed the possibility of obtaining soluble secreted recombinant product. Production of isolated C protein was achieved in E. coli and its purification was performed through affinity chromatography.
Formação e atitudes sociais sobre inclusão escolar em Licenciandos de Ciências Exatas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-08-31) Torres, Josiane Pereira; Mendes, Enicéia Gonçalves; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3897627554738983; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8280180476421117
The number of enrollments of students with disabilities has increased over the years as a result of struggles and enforcement, which has ensured that these students have access to schooling in regular education. However, national legislation may provide for such access, but it can not guarantee that teachers who will receive such students will manifest attitudes favorable to the permanence of that student in their classroom. Studies have pointed out that teachers' attitudes can be a determining factor for the success of school inclusion, and part of the construction of favorable attitudes occurs through an adequate teacher training. However, the teachers' complaint highlighting the lack of preparation to meet this student audience has been recurrent, largely because adequate training is not provided during initial training. The curricular degrees of undergraduate courses, for the most part, have not included disciplines related to inclusive education. The present study aimed to develop and implement a teacher training program to test the effect of special education thematic on the social attitudes of exact science graduates. The training program was elaborated in three units addressing the contents of Pedagogical History, Policies and Practices. A total of 88 trainees composed the sample, and were distributed in three rooms of the moodle in which the course was developed. The course environment was composed of three main tabs concentrating the three themes to be tested, and three separate virtual rooms were created. Each room began the course by a thematic, the three were approached simultaneously and interspersed. Before and after the participation of the trainees in the first unit of the course, their social attitudes were measured through the Likert Scale of Social Attitudes in relation to inclusion (ELASI). By means of statistical tests we verified that there was no statistically significant difference in the attitudes of the students for each one of the subjects tested between the rooms, as well as intra-rooms. However, it is to be considered that most of the students have already started the course with attitudes close to the extreme maximum of ELASI. During the analyzes, there were cases of decrease of scores in the post-test when compared to the pre-test, cases of the same measure of attitudes in both tests. Although the quantitative results show that the change in attitudes was not significant, there were some positive fluctuations of attitudes leading to the hypothesis that in some way the course contributed positively to the attitudes of the trainees. Outstanding cases were also analyzed qualitatively according to the respective productions during the activities. The results put us to reflect that the topics addressed in undergraduate courses present some potential to promote changes of attitudes in the graduates, but perhaps it is the moment to rethink the approach and significance given to these disciplines.
ABAcadabra: um aplicativo para o ensino de discriminações condicionais auditivo-visuais a indivíduos com transtorno do espectro do autismo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-08-31) Guimarães, Luiza de Moura; Souza, Altay Alves Lino de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8948217221748469; Carmo, João dos Santos; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1263046410329694; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5454389124249833
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a developmental disorder that has deficits in social communication skills, and a high frequency of stereotypy and restricted behavior. Behavior Analysis is an important intervention that helps to decrease ASD symptoms. The ASD behavioral intervention involves, often, language development, since part of this population is no vocal. Spoken by others is a crucial repertoire that consists in learning relationships between stimuli. Many studies investigated that computer-based technologies to teach people with autism. In this context, Tables are a possible tool for teaching fundamental skills to ASD individuals, and it can help them to have a better quality of life. ABAcadabra can establish many skills can be teaching by the ABAcadabra, like conditional discrimination via MTS tasks. The present study proposed to (1) present a literature review that use tablet app to teach individuals with autism; (2) describe an evaluate tablet program called ABAcadabra, (2) test the use of app to grow receptive identification response; (3) evaluate three types of training: with ABAcadabra application alone, with paper alone, and combined form (ABAcadabra and paper tasks). In the review of studies that used tablet to teach individuals with ASD, was selected 30 articles, most of them used speech generate device to teach non vocal individuals; only two studies used MTS procedures to teach thru the app. In ABAcadabra description, in expert jugde’s evaluation, all judges agree that ABAcadabra is compatible with studies in Education and Behavior Analysis areas. Three experimental studies were conducted. In Experiment 1 with a non-vocal child diagnosed with ASD, training with paper was not enough to reach a teaching criterion for receptive identification of figures, and then combined training (with ABAcadabra and paper tasks) was conducted, and it was sufficient in the purchase (acquisition) of the discrimination repertoire. In Experiment 2, conducted with two children with ASD (one vocal and another non-vocal), a training to teach identifying photos of school colleagues by name was conducted. The experimental stimuli were separated into two groups, each one related to a type of training (with paper and with ABAcadabra). The results showed that the response was not stable when the task was present by ABAcadabra. In Experiments 3, the experimental stimuli were separated into three groups, each one related to the type of training (with ABAcadabra, paper and combined). One participant (ASD and non-vocal) had to identify items such as fruits and tools, and another (ASD and vocal) had to identify syllables. With both participants, combined training proved to be more efficient because it facilitated the rapid acquisition of responses, as well as the emergence of new responses. The ABAcadabra application may have much to contribute to teach symbolic relationships to children with autism.
Degradação em processamento, cinética de cristalização e policondensação no estado sólido de poli(ácido láctico)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-08-31) Gonçalves, Lívia Maria Garcia; Bettini, Sílvia Helena Prado; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4363241260504189; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4363241260504189
In this work, the degradation of poly (lactic acid) (PLA) within conditions of high temperature, shear stress and humidity was studied. In addition to that, the crystallization kinetics of these degraded materials was assessed. The two topics were studied in order to be applied as controlled variables in the process of Solid State Polymerization (SSP) as an attempt to increase molecular weight of these materials. The degradation was promoted in a closed mixing chamber of a torque rheometer with discrete conditions of temperature and humidity. The degraded samples were characterized by techniques as Size Exclusion Chromatography (SEC), quantification of acidic percentages and Nuclear Magnetic resonance (NMR). The obtained data has enabled the comprehension of some of the degrading mechanisms involved in the processing, and its correlation to possible results of the posterior SSP process. Polymers with up to 50% reduction of molecular weight were obtained. The coefficients of the Avrami equation were determined for the purpose of control annealing treatments, which were mandatory before the SSP. Good correlation between the theoretical and practical values of crystallization were obtained, as well as the desired crystallographic phases, with the variation of temperature. Solid State Polymerization, however, has not lead to the desired results of increasing molecular weight, possibly due to small concentration of chain ends, even with the chain scissions induced by degradation
Efeito do knockout da Mitofusina 1 sobre a fertilidade de oócitos murinos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-08-31) Carvalho, Karen Freire; Chiaratti, Marcos Roberto; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0392078007500289; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0293235026125972
Fertility is directly related to oocyte developmental competence. In this context, oocyte mitochondria play a crucial role and have become an important target in assisted reproduction therapies. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying these mitochondrial effects are unknown. Therefore, the implications of the deletion of Mitofusin 1 (Mfn1 cKO) in murine oocytes was investigated in this project. Infertility of Mfn1 cKO females was characterized by interruption in oocyte growth and total failure in ovulation. Compared with wild type oocytes (WT), Mfn1 cKO oocytes showed mitochondria with abnormal ultrastructure, fewer cristae and a vesicular internal structure. Assays with BrdU incorporation by the granulosa cells reinforced the phenotype of blocked folliculogenesis, since the Mfn1 cKO group presented a decrease in the number of cells in replication. In addition, it was verified that this group shows a decrease, both in the oocyte and in the ovary, in the amount of transcripts of most genes analyzed, involved with oocyte-granulosa communication and folliculogenesis control. Important factors for the progression of folliculogenesis had their mRNA levels restored when Mfn1 cKO granulosa-oocyte complexes (GOCs) were co-cultured with denuded WT oocytes. To test whether were due to an imbalance in the expression of Mitofusin 2 (MFN2) relative to MFN1, MFN2 or MFN1 and MFN2 were overexpressed during GOC culture. It was observed that MFN2 overexpression inhibited oocyte growth, which was rescued by overexpression of both Mitofusins. Therefore, the infertility of females Mfn1 cKO seems to be related to an imbalance in the expression of MFN1 and MFN2. Consequently, Mfn1 deletion led to the inhibition of PI3K/AKT signaling pathways in the oocyte as well as the expression of GDF9, Bmp15 and Fgf8b, resulting in folliculogenesis blockage, as it affected oocyte-granulosa communication.
Isolation of the endophytic and rhizospheric microbiome associated to Polygala spp.: Evaluation of the biotechnological potential and antimicrobial activity
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-08-31) Cruz, Felipe de Paula Nogueira; Anibal, Fernanda de Freitas; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4918261968772806; Sousa, Cristina Paiva de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9002619114161319; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1342240429352346
Polygala spp. are plants commonly used for the treatment of injuries and sprains. Their roots contain methyl salicylate, a compound known for its analgesic properties. However, important compounds such as alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenes, lignins and coumarins were obtained from this genus. In this context, the Polygala spp. tissues could represent a promising source of natural products, since that several pharmacological effects have been reported for their crude extracts. Therefore, the microbiome associated to these plants and the antimicrobial potential of the natural product extracts produced by these microorganisms was investigated. In this study it has been demonstrated the isolation of a potent substance with a broad-spectrum activity produced by an actinobacteria Rizo Pp Ac-11 isolated from rhizospheric space of white-flower Polygala sp.. The natural product extract was carried out to a C18 fractionation in a H2O/acetonitrile gradient and all fractions (Rizo Pp Ac-11A, Rizo Pp Ac-11B, Rizo Pp Ac-11C, Rizo Pp Ac-11D, Rizo Pp Ac-11E, Rizo Pp Ac-11F, Rizo Pp Ac-11G, Rizo Pp Ac-11H and Rizo Pp Ac-11I) were tested for antimicrobial activity. Excepting Rizo Pp Ac-11A and Rizo Pp Ac-11B, all fractions showed inhibition. However, the fraction Rizo Pp Ac-11C showed a broad-spectrum activity against all tested microorganisms, especially multi resistant pathogens. Considering that, this study demonstrated for the first time the isolation of microorganisms associated with Polygala spp. and the isolation of substances with broad-spectrum activity.
Ensino-aprendizagem-avaliação: o circuncentro nas tarefas via resolução de problemas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-08-31) Galera, Sandra Iris Naveiro; Oliveira, Paulo César; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7516513469811353
The paper presents a field research focused on the learning of geometry, more precisely on the construction and apprehension of the content about circumcenter of a triangle. The research question is based on what are the contributions of the elaborated and applied geometric tasks permeated by the Teaching-Learning- Assessment Methodology through Problem Solving to the students of the 9th year of elementary school. The research was applied to a 9th grade class from a school in the city of Tatuí, State of São Paulo. To support the research, we did a study on the approach of each geometric content that involves the construction of the circumcenter, in the official documents of the State of São Paulo and we tried to complement it through the proposed tasks. We briefly outline the theoretical contribution, as Problem Solving was studied from the placement of the singular problems to the present studies by the GTERP group through Lourdes de La Rosa Onuchic’s Teaching-Learning-Assessment Methodology. Facing the objective, we applied the three tasks developed, according to the steps of the methodology in question and we analyzed, as in the target audience, contributed to the learning of geometry, especially the circumcenter content of a triangle, its properties and applications. The students' productions were analyzed in a qualitative-interpretative way; thus, we infer, with precise examples, how the faces of geometric learning (perception, conception, representation and construction) became present in each assignment.
Jovens, escola e mundo do trabalho: experiências e significados em São Miguel Arcanjo- SP.
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-08-31) Demarchi, Rodrigo Geraldi; Corrochano, Maria Carla; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7714353975585252; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8210756984211109
The research analyzed the experiences and trajectories of schooling and work, together with the meanings attributed to these spheres by young men and women who finished high school in the municipality of São Miguel Arcanjo - São Paulo, a place marked by strong traits of rurality. From the theoretical point of view, reference was made to studies on youth, especially on rural youth and on the current flows between the urban and the rural in contemporary times, increasingly present in places that could once be called exclusively rural (José Machado Pais, Vanda Silva, Elisa Guaraná Castro, Maria José Carneiro). The research is qualitative, using the technique of semi-structured interviews conducted with six boys and eight girls between 17 and 21 years old, who finished high school between the years 2015 and 2017. The analysis of the data revealed in a forceful way the presence of school and work in the lives of these young people, as well as a strong interweaving with the characteristics of "rurbanidade" identified between them and the community where they are inserted. At the same time, the presence of flows and transits (between the rural and urban areas and between the locality of São Miguel and other urban centers) experienced by these and these young people associated with strategies of continuity of studies, expansion of the options economic assistance to the family group (through pluriactivity) and the desire to know and live in places other than those of their origin.
Diagnóstico da participação dos servidores técnicos- administrativos (TAs) das coordenações dos cursos de graduação na tomada de decisão da gestão do Centro de Educação e Ciências Humanas da UFSCar
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-08-31) Biasioli, Renata Maria; Martins, Manoel Fernando; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3921504261628850; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7945010750479622
This work aims making a diagnosis of the current condition of participation in decision-making process of technical-administrative employees (TAs) in the Coordination of Graduation Courses of the Center for Education and Human Sciences (CECH) of the Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar). There was also a survey of the impressions of these servers in relation to their skills, working conditions and training. The motivation for this study was based on the interest of the team in charge of CECH Management in carrying out strategic planning in this unit. The "academic" character of the management of this Center of UFSCar, over the years was being left aside because of the need to carry out the administrative management of it. The current management understands that it is time to retake the academic protagonism of the Center, based on the tripod "Teaching, Research and Extension". For this, it is necessary that the administrative management of the Center operate efficiently and competently. In this aspect the role played by the TAs becomes fundamental. In order to delimit the field of study of this work, it was decided to consider the 11 technical- administrative servers working in the 11 Coordination of the Undergraduate Courses of CECH. This is a descriptive and exploratory study case with the purpose of producing a state-of-the- art diagnosis of the participation of TAs in CECH decision-making processes, creating part of the necessary bases and guidelines for the future implementation of strategic planning in the Center, aiming to guide its future actions of research, teaching and extension. This research contributes to future actions of Planning and Participatory Management in CECH.