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Tecnologia e Política: a modernização naval na Argentina e Brasil, 1900-1930
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-10-05)
Waldmann Júnior, Ludolf
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Martins Filho, João Roberto
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8157447462904324
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/5064104684523336
This thesis seeks to analyse the process of technological modernization of the Argentine and Brazilian navies between 1900 and 1930. During this period, the rivalry between the two great South American countries was fundamental in their naval modernization policy. Argentina, which until then had no relevant fleet, expanded her naval forces in the late nineteenth century when it was involved in an arms race with Chile. In this process, she changed the regional naval balance, surpassing the Brazilians, who responded by approving new naval programs in 1904 and 1906. Thus, a new regional arms race began, centred on the dreadnoughts and that almost led to the emergence of a war. The naval competition gradually lose momentum after 1910, effectively ending with the outbreak of the World War I. The accelerated technological progress in this conflict quickly made both navies obsolete, which then adopted distinct positions: Argentina remained neutral, while Brazil supported the Allied cause, getting help to prepare its fleet, but unable to update it. In the post-war, despite international pressures for disarmament, the South Americans sought to modernize their navies again, but only the Argentineans were able to do so. Considering this period, our objectives are: 1) to understand the policy of naval acquisitions of the two countries from the perspective of their foreign policy; 2) understand how the decisions of naval modernisation were related to the domestic political dynamics in the two countries, focusing on civil-military relations; 3) analyse the naval decision-making process, identifying internal divergences regarding technological choices as well as the impacts that acquired equipment had on the respective navies. The diplomatic and defence policy of Argentina and Brazil was very marked by the regional dynamics, where a competition between these states was based on a regional balance of power perspective that influenced the decisions of naval modernization. In addition to the influence of foreign policy, the domestic and institutional spheres of these navies also affected the process by which they made their acquisitions. The institutional arrangements and patterns of civil-military relations existing in both these periods influenced the process of naval modernization, especially the time of choice to renew the fleet. Given the relative autonomy of decision-making and little political-institutional interest of the rest of the state and society in participating in the process of elaboration of naval programs in the two countries, modernization policies were largely the result of internal decisions in the navies, where there were significant divergences.
Dinâmica e diversidade das comunidades microbianas em cavernas tropicais do Brasil Central
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-10-05)
Paula, Caio César Pires de
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Bichuette, Maria Elina
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8453043393798516
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Seleghim, Mirna Helena Regali
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5998337634888263
Subterranean environments are generally considered extreme oligotrophic and have specific characteristics that determine the local microbiota, such as: different humidity conditions, temperature and nature of nutritional resources. Although studies on environmental microbial diversity have made considerable advances, few researches have investigated the terrestrial microbiota of subterranean environments, mainly in tropical regions. Considering that the diversity and dynamics of the microorganisms of these environments is practically unexplored, this study had as aim to analyze, firstly, the current scenario of conservationist policies in Brazilian caves and to discuss the trophic level in tropical and temperate caves. In addition, in order to characterize microbial communities in tropical caves, the composition and structure of microbial biodiversity (bacteria and fungi) and environmental conditions (physicochemical parameters) were evaluated in all samples sampled in three caves of a Brazilian Conservation Unit (State of Terra Ronca - PETER, São Domingos, GO). Brazilian legislation was consulted on the use and conservation of caves, concentrations of organic carbon and total nitrogen were measured in tropical caves, as well as microbial attributes (biomass and respiration) to understand the dynamics of the microbial community in relation to the availability of organic matter. Composition and structure of microbial communities along a trophic gradient (surface > cave entrance > subterranean) was evaluated in each cave studied. We used the sequencing of 16S and ITS (rRNA) genes to access the biodiversity of fungi and bacteria. The use of microbial studies in the conservation policies of cave dwellers environments was discussed from the data obtained in this research. Considering published and new data on the quantity and quality of dissolved organic matter (carbon and nitrogen) in tropical and temperate caves, much care is needed when considering all the subterranean environments as extreme oligotrophic. Actinobacteria and Proteobacteria (mainly Alpha and Gamma) were the most frequent bacterial groups in the caves studied. Among the fungi, large proportions of Actinomycetes were observed in subterranean environments, mainly in dry period. Although most microbial communities are characterized by detritivorous microorganisms, some microorganisms known for chemoautotrophic activity (such as Beggiatoa) were observed in this study. The large number of uncultured bacteria and unidentified fungi in tropical caves is remarkable, indicating the great potential of this habitat to house new species of microorganisms. Structure and composition of the microbial communities in the studied caves were more dissimilar among them in subterranean environments than in surface environments. This dissimilarity among the microbial communities confers a singularity to each cave studied. Finally, microbial community in one of the studied caves showed evidence of the Halobacteriacea family dominance in entrance cave, probably due to its environmental conditions, such as high salinity of the substrate. The data obtained in this study enrich the knowledge of microbial biodiversity, clarify knowledge about the structure and dynamics of microbial communities in tropical caves and contribute to future proposals for cave environments conservation.
Caracterização temporal da fadiga diafragmática e dos efeitos do treinamento muscular inspiratório durante o exercício de alta intensidade em adultos saudáveis
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-10-05)
Archiza, Bruno
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Silva, Audrey Borghi
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4855616925791895
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1129428210391656
The diaphragm is the principle muscle of inspiration and is subject to fatigue during whole-body exercise at intensities above 85% of maximal oxygen consumption (V̇O2). Exercise-induced diaphragmatic fatigue (DF) generates higher perceptions of dyspnea and limb fatigue, it onsets the respiratory muscle metaboreflex and, consequently, limiting high-intensity exercise (HIE). Inspiratory muscle training (IMT) is highly efficient to provide gains in respiratory muscle strength (RMS), and to promote greater HIE and athletic performance. This thesis is composed by two studies. The objective of Study I was to investigate temporal characteristics of exercise-induced diaphragmatic fatigue (DF) during HIE in healthy adults. Ten healthy men were recruited in the initial screening and 8 were included in the final analysis. Initially, anthropometrics and spirometry were assessed, followed by a cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET) in a cycle ergometer. Another 3 tests were performed using the Δ60% method to calculate the workload. The first was performed to time-to-exhaustion (TTE) while the other 2 were randomly applied to 50 and 75% of TTE. DF was assessed using the balloon catheterization method and through the calculation of transdiaphragmatic twitch pressure after cervical magnetic stimulus. DF was found from 75% TTE (P<0,05); also, a strong and significant correlation was found between fatigue and diaphragmatic force output (r=0,785, P<0,001). We concluded that DF occurs during HIE and its magnitude increases as the work of breathing do so. Therefore, the diaphragmatic capacity to generate force and pressure becomes progressively smaller during HIE. In Study II we sought to investigate the effects of IMT on HIE tolerance, respiratory and peripheral muscles oxygenation, and performance during a repeated sprints ability test (RSA) in female soccer athletes. Eighteen athletes were included in the final analysis. Participants were randomly assigned into two groups: IMT (IMT, n=10), and sham (SHAM, n=8). As initial evaluation: anthropometrics, spirometry at rest, maximal mouth inspiratory (MIP) and expiratory static pressures assessment, CPET in a treadmill, time-to-exhaustion (TTE) constant load exercise test, and RSA test. After 60 sessions of intervention (2x/day, 5 days/week, 6 weeks; IMT and SHAM training at 50 and 15% MIP, respectively), the same tests were applied. A greater HIE tolerance was found post-intervention on both groups (TTE, P<0,05), however, only IMT group presented better respiratory and peripheral muscles oxygenation during high-intensity exercise (P<0,05). Both groups showed improvements on RSA test (both P<0,05). Such results indicate the potential role of IMT at better oxygenation and blood supply to peripheral muscles during HIE, also presenting a positive impact on inspiratory muscles strength, exercise tolerance, and RSA performance in women’s soccer athletes.
Aspectos filogeográficos de Leporinus cf. friderici e da distribuição da diversidade genética em Leporinus cf. friderici Paraná e Megaleporinus obtusidens na bacia do Alto Paraná
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-10-05)
Santos, Rosane Silva dos
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Freitas, Patrícia Domingues de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5647631868534064
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/5600063172203814
The megadiversity of the Neotropical ichthyofauna has been associated to recent diversification processes, reflecting in subtle or lacking morphological differentiation between species, challenging the classical taxonomic identification. Leporinus friderici occurs in several river basins of South America, and its nominal taxonomic validity has been questioned. Its wide distribution within Brazilian Shield suggests that this species could be genetically structured among the hydrographic basins, despite a sharp morphological similarity. In this study, we performed phylogenetic analyses, based on three nuclear (RAG1, RAG2 and Myh6) and two mitochondrial (COI and Cytb) markers, in specimens morphologically similar to L. friderici and related species from different hydrographic basins in South America. Our phylogenetic tree identified four well-supported clades, point out to the existence of taxonomic inconsistencies within this fish group. A clade named L. cf. friderici sensu stricto included eight MOTUs (Molecular Operational Taxonomic Units) recently diversified in the Brazilian Shield basins. These results were also confirmed by a single-gene species delimitation analysis. It is suggested that this clade includes a species complex, characterizing taxonomic uncertainties. Another clade recovered only L. friderici from the Suriname rivers, validating this nominal species in its type locality. A third no-named clade, characterized by deeper species divergence, recovered five different nominal species interleaved with other undescribed forms previously also recognized as L. cf. friderici, indicating taxonomic errors. The fourth clade only included L. taeniatus. Our results showed a complex scenario involving the morphotype L. cf. friderici and allowed us to address aspects related to evolutionary diversification of this fish group and historical processes involved with, highlighting the importance of revealing hidden biodiversity for the taxonomy and conservationist action plans of these fish.
A construção da narrativa judicial nos casos de violência sexual contra crianças e adolescentes
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-10-08)
Jurado, Thamara Moretti Soria
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Leite Júnior, Jorge
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7253561448346772
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2744563948941510
The issue of sexual violence against children and adolescents has not always been a concern, but the transformations towards childhood and the institution of children and adolescents as subjects of special rights have made it a priority on the Brazilian schedule. A political and social movement that grew in Brazil from the 1990s and culminated in fundamental legal changes to combat what would be one of the most demeaning contemporary social problems and should therefore be fought by the whole society: pedophilia. Understanding different situations of sexual violence against children and adolescents, such as cases of pedophilia, demonstrates that this term has become a broad, diffuse category that is triggered in different instances to define behaviors, actions and typify subjects. If the organization of coping with sexual violence against children and adolescents has been based on pedophilia, how are narratives about situations of sexual violence against children and adolescents constructed in the judiciary? Is the pedophilia category mobilized to determine the fate of those involved in cases that reach the judge's room? To answer these questions, thirty-eight court judgments that mobilized the pedophilia category were analyzed. This work starts from a historical constitution of the problem and its implementation in the judiciary, understood as the state voice in a decision-making scope, to identify the victim's place in a process that constitutes a protective armor, with the creation of policies protection of childhood and youth, while putting that same victim under scrutiny.
Representações sociais de autonomia e autogestão de catadores de materiais recicláveis e apoiadores da Coopervida, São Carlos/SP
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-10-08)
Oliveira, Letícia Dal Picolo Dal Secco de
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Scopinho, Rosemeire Aparecida
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4770451465556845
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7937554854987351
The development of solidary-economic enterprises (SEE) in Brazil has contradictions, those highlighted in studies of Social Psychology of Work related to the transformations of meanings and identities of these organizations' subjects by internalization of solidary-economic values, even having organization and internal relationships influenced by capitalist hegemonic culture. The interaction with supporters is pointed out as a contribution for new values and principles working in organizations. These issues apply to cooperatives of recyclable waste pickers considering their precarious material and symbolic conditions of work and life that unfold into difficulties for signifying new proposed relationships. A potentiality of solidary economy (SE) refers to individual and collective gain of autonomy resulting in self-management processes, which is criticized in researches that characterize SEE as reproducing exploitation relationships for being perversely included in the competitiveness of economic market. It is understood that the study of social representations (SR) contributes to the investigation of these theoretical disputes by unveiling in practice the changes in identity and meaning came out from negotiations carried out in dialogical processes of interaction, elucidating conflicted issues in tension in the public sphere, as it is the case of SE potentialities. Thus, the aim has been to understand the SRs of pickers and supporters, in the same context, on autonomy and self-management. A case study has been carried out in the city of São Carlos-SP with direct observations, field diary records and individual semi-structured interviews. The central research field has been the Cooperative of Recyclable Waste Pickers of São Carlos (Coopervida), besides the institutions of supporters and public spaces of interaction. The analysis has been thematic and the informations have been triangulated. About pickers, autonomy is related to both an individual subject that does not fit in the cooperative and to the collective freedom of performing daily work. Self-management refers to the participation of cooperative members in the discussion spaces, respecting collective rules, that could enhance the work process and its results. Their SRs are anchored in their daily work. For the supporters, autonomy has multiple meanings (political, economic, social, collective and individual), and self-management is a dependent-on-autonomy process, corroborating with some theorists. Their SRs are anchored in the intersection between their life history and professional choices, reinforced by their participation in political articulation spaces. They consider that the participation of cooperative members in these spaces, as well as in educational processes, are primordial for the acquisition of knowledge necessary for a condition of autonomy. They permeate their SRs, environmental and social justice issues, with SE restricted to supporters of institutions based on it. The interactions established have led to some advances, albeit with several limitations, related to Coopervida's autonomy and self-management, however SE does not really form as part of it, but as a possibility. These elucidations are expected to contribute to both cooperative members and supporters understanding and reflecting on the limits and possibilities of their current conditions, as well as to trigger the articulation of joint strategies so that this interaction enables concrete transformations based on their aims.
Um corpo como fronteira: parentesco e identificações entre descendentes nipônicos "mestiços"
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-10-08)
Hatugai, Érica Rosa
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Machado, Igor José de Renó
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4705450652848752
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7324088577711570
This research analyses the figure of the “mixed-race” person, the ‘mixed’ family comprised of Japanese descendants, and non-descendants, most of whom live in the city of Marília, a countryside city at 446 kilometers away from São Paulo, Brazil. The data show a notion of fluid Japaneseness of the “mixed-race” person, who is thus intertwined with the concepts of corporality, modes, and tensions characteristic of a “Japanese” relationship. About the identification of the “mixed-race” person and ‘mixed’ families, the research shows that the way they perceive themselves and the way they are represented lead to clashes and tensions upon the notions of culture and “Japanese” relationship when compared to families only comprised of Nikkei members. This research approaches the place of the person of “mixed-race” and the ‘mixed’ family in the history of Japanese immigration to Brazil, raising the role of alliances and conflicts present in the notion of “Japanese” relationship. The absence of such a theme in the scientific literature of the Japanese immigration to Brazil may have obfuscated its debate up to the present, in despite of the objective reality and social tensions still alive in this phenomenon. Therefore, this research aims at presenting new elements to help reflect upon one of the many repercussions of the Japanese immigration and presence in Brazil.
Estudo fisiológico de Desmodesmus spinosus exposta ao cobre na presença e ausência de bactérias
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-10-08)
Oliveira, Tamires de Freitas
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Lombardi, Ana Teresa
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6737850858443813
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7017132839366039
Copper enters water bodies through physical and chemical processes, thus ensuring their presence in aquatic environments. In addition, it can be dumped in significant amounts by industrial, agricultural and mining activities, generating residues potentially toxic to aquatic biota. Copper is an essential micronutrient for microalgae and acts in biochemical processes that are fundamental to maintaining their life. However, when in concentrations above those usually experienced by these organisms, copper may have toxic effects and, as a consequence, induce biochemical changes in algal biomass. This study aimed at investigating the effects bacteria community on copper toxicity to the microalgae Desmodesmus spinosus and its interference in metabolic processes such as the synthesis and accumulation of biomolecules. This research was divided into two parts. In the first one we exposed axenic cultures of D. spinosus to several copper concentrations in order to define one concentration to be tested in the presence of bacteria, the second part. Growth parameters, biomolecules and photosynthetic activity of the microalga were evaluated in both the absence and presence of bacteria. Our objective in the first part was to select a copper concentration that affected the general microalgae metabolism but did not cause its death. For the first part copper concentrations ranged from 0.007 to 3.5 μM and the results showed that 3.5 μM Cu2+ inhibited the growth and photosynthetic activity of the microalga, while increasing the carbohydrate concentration. Microalga / bacterial interactions are complex and can influence the interpretation of what occurs in the environment and in laboratory tests. In this research, we conclude that the presence of bacteria can alter the toxicity of copper to microalgae. In part 2, the presence of bacteria stimulated the growth of microalgae, while kept equal to the synthesis and accumulation of chlorophyll and formed up to 8 cenobia cells, which had not been detected in axenic cultures. In addition, in the presence of bacteria, 3x more carbohydrates were accumulated in the algal biomass. We showed that D. spinosus is a copper-resistant microalgae and can therefore be indicated in bioremediation processes of environments contaminated with this element.
Assédio sexual contra mulheres em transporte público: das usuárias à empresa
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-10-10)
Silva, Luiza de Medeiros
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Williams, Lúcia Cavalcanti de Albuquerque
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6962646759651464
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2120104338360564
Much has been said about sexual harassment, mainly by the media and more coverage has been given recently to harassment in public spaces. This is a problem that affects the health and safety domains, as sexual violence has harmful consequences to victims. The objectives of the present theses was to review the literature on sexual harassment in public spaces, and as a consequence to analyze the approach researchers around the world give to the topic, and subsequently to conduct a survey with female users of public transportation in the city of São Paulo regarding sexual harassment in transportation identifying how they consider their own safety and compare their position with data resulting from an interview with an employee of the company responsible for the Sao Paulo subway system. The literature review identified 9 empirical studies, mainly in Asia on the incidence of sexual harassment in public spaces, and zero studies form Brazil on the subject, especially sexual harassment in public transport. Thus, the empirical study from this thesis is a pioneer one in the area in such country. The survey results carried out with users of the public transport in São Paulo showed that 43.8% of the women said they knew how to proceed if they suffered or witnessed episodes of sexual harassment in transportation. High rates appeared when asked if they had already witnessed sexual harassment of women on public transport (65.5%) and if they had suffered harassment (75.6%). The scientific community needs to enhance empirical research on the subject, especially in Brazil, so that there is more discussion about the vulnerability of women when they occupy public spaces and about the lack of punishment when crimes like these occur.
Aplicação de redes neurais artificiais à previsão do preço da energia elétrica para distintas zonas de mercados desregulamentados
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-10-10)
Silva, Camila Kamimura
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Fernandes, Ricardo Augusto Souza
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0880243208789454
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8046007140022297
The estimation of the energy price plays a crucial role in the current model of commercialization of energy in many countries. Better estimation capacity makes it possible to identify appropriate strategies for market players. Thus, this work aims to determine a methodology to estimate point values and intervals (maximum and minimum) for a day for the Pennsylvania - New Jersey - Maryland energy market through Data Mining, where they will be considered Attribute Selectors and Artificial Neural Networks. In this sense, the responses of neural networks of the Multilayer Perceptron type and of Recurrent Neural Networks will be analyzed, considering different topologies. Keywords: Energy market, Artificial neural networks, Energy Price, Time-series forecasting.
Dor no ombro: paradoxo entre o modelo patoanatômico e medidas clínicas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-10-10)
Barreto, Rodrigo Py Gonçalves
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Ludewig, Paula
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Camargo, Paula Rezende
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7602596349127054
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6143294885384140
Introduction: The evaluation of patients with shoulder pain is highly influenced by pathoanatomical factors. Special tests and imaging are commonly used to the clinical decision-making. However, some studies have called this model into question suggesting more diversified evaluation systems such as movement-based and psychosocial aspects. Objectives: To verify the association of pathoanatomical factors with the symptom presentation and determine if pathoanatomical factors contribute to the self-reported shoulder function. Methods: Magnetic resonance imaging was used to evaluate in detail pathoanatomical abnormalities in individuals with unilateral shoulder pain. Images in the coronal, sagittal, and axial planes were generated and independently interpreted by a board-certified, orthopedic fellowship trained orthopedic shoulder surgeon and a musculoskeletal radiologist. Frequencies of pathoanatomical abnormalities for both shoulders were compared and the agreement across the evaluators was verified. In order to assess if pathoanatomical factors contributed to the self-reported shoulder function, a multivariate model was built considering the total score of the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (DASH) as the dependent variable. Clinical, demographics, pain catastrophizing, and special tests were used as explanatory variables. Results: Both shoulders presented a high prevalence of pathoanatomical abnormalities. Symptomatic shoulders showed the highest frequency of full-thickness tear and glenohumeral osteoarthrosis. Other observed pathoanatomical abnormalities did not show statistically significant differences between both shoulders. Pathoanatomical variables did not contribute to the multivariate model. The group of variables that best explained the selfreported shoulder function were pain intensity at rest, pain catastrophizing level, and acromioclavicular joint tenderness during palpation. Conclusions: Full-thickness rotator cuff tears and the presence of glenohumeral osteoarthrosis seem to be the only pathoanatomical abnormalities associated with the symptoms. Elevated pain catastrophizing levels and pain intensity at rest as well as acromioclavicular joint tenderness were the best explanatory variables to decreased self-reported shoulder function. Health professionals must be aware that most pathoanatomical abnormalities assessed with the magnetic resonance imaging are not related to the symptoms.
Análise das correlações entre narrativa, estética, música e estereoscopia, em Divertida Mente
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-10-10)
Granatto, Danilo César
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Andrade, Leonardo Antônio de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3921612856948891
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1170428913376053
The following project has as its main purpose to analyse a series of elements that compose the cinematic language applied to the 3D animation Inside Out (Pete Docter, Walt Disney Pictures; Pixar Animation Studios. 2015) and explore the correlations and the interdependency amongst them. Selecting this movie as the object of this study has multiple advantages, as it is a current piece and was conceived by two of the most respected animation studios, being a proper model to compare with the present scenario. Firstly, the historical facts about the subject are presented, flowing through the technological evolution and the development of methods that assist the processes of creating animations until the present day. Subsequently, it is necessary to measure the values of the oscillations and variations of data in each of the elements capable of analysis according to the duration of the movie; with the objective to explore the creation process of colors, musical compositions and the stereoscopy showcased in the movie. Parallel to that, all the results from all the diagrams created will be approached, and all of its respective components and their contributions to potencialize the dramaturgy convenient in certain parts of the plot, with the theoretical background on the layers of narrative structure from The Writer's Journey, by Cristopher Vogler. Finally, the results previously mentioned will be compared amongst each other, showcasing the behavior of these elements and their contributions as stimulators of the dramatic tension.
Descoberta automática de expressões multipalavras a partir de textos paralelos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-10-11)
Vargas, Natalie Lourenço
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Caseli, Helena de Medeiros
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6608582057810385
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7480933015410339
Multiword Expressions (MWEs) are a current challenge for Natural Language Processing field and there are different proposed automatic methods to treat and discovery them. We propose in this work two new bilingual discover methods in parallel texts, which were implemented as the Bilingual Discovery MWE Toolkit (BiDiMWEToolkit). The proposed methods were based on similar ideas in related works and they use bilingual word embeddings in order to find the best MWEs translations automatically discovered. In the first method, source and target MWEs are extracted separately from morphossyntatic patterns already defined and they are paired based on billingual word embeddings. In the second method, we just extracted source MWEs and the best translations are defined using bilingual word embeddings. As a result of our presented experiments, we concluded that both methods are capable of performing billingual discovery but the second method has prove to be more complete than the first method: (1) it capable of generating translations without target MWEs, so it wasn’t necessary to have prior knowledge about the target language, (2) and capable of generating translations composed by one word, covering the cases when MWE translations are not an expression.
Uma introdução à invariância conforme na Teoria das Cordas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-10-11)
Morales, Dumar Andres Ospina
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Schmidtt, Fernando David Marmolejo
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7431492489687677
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2642637159529669
In this work we study the formalism of Conformal Field Theory (CFT) and apply it to the theory of strings and superstrings. We also use the BRST quantization technique to obtain the string spectrum together with the celebrated critical dimension for the bosonic string, i.e. the d=26. By performing a supersymmetric extension of the Polyakov action of the bosonic string we construct a superstring, which now includes fermionic degrees of freedom as well. The gauged fixed action of the latter theory leads to the critical dimension d=10 after imposing the condition of the vanishing of the conformal anomaly at the quantum level.
Papel do córtex pré-frontal medial na ansiogênese induzida pelo estresse de derrota social em camundongos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-10-18)
Santos, Gabriel Victoriano dos
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Souza, Ricardo Luiz Nunes de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2475842684688693
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2950857821458547
Recent findings have demonstrated that the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) has a lateralized role in the control of response to stressors, and the left hemisphere (LmPFC) would attenuate the anxiogenic responses elicited by right medial prefrontal cortex (RmPFC). The temporary chemical inactivation of LmPFC, followed by social defeat stress (SDS)provokes an anxiogenic effect that persists for up to 24 hours in mice. In the present study, we investigated: (1) the anxiety levels of mice exposed to the elevated plus maze (EPM) 2, 5 or 10 days after the combination SDS + LmPFC inactivation and (2) the role of the glutamate NMDA (n-methyl-D-aspartate) receptors located in the RmPFC in anxiety-related behaviors in mice exposed to the EPM two days after the combination “SDS + LmPFC inactivation”. Male Swiss mice received intra-LmPFC microinjection of saline or cobalt chloride (CoCl2, non-specific synaptic inhibitor) and were exposed to acute SDS or non-aggressive interaction. Two, five or 10 days later, they were exposed to the EPM to assess conventional anxiety [percentage of open arm entries and percentage of open arm time (%OE; %OT)] and complementary [Stretched attend posture frequencies in protected (pSAP) and unprotected (uSAP) places and protected Head-dipping (pHD) and unprotected (uHD) places] measures. Locomotor activity [frequency of closed-arms entries (CE)] was also recorded. The results showed that the association "inactivation of LmPFC + SDS" decreased %OE and %OT, increased pSAP and decreased uSAP and uHD in almost all testing days. In experiment 2, two days after receiving intra-LmPFC CoCl2 or saline + SDS, the animals received intra- RmPFC microinjection of saline or AP7 (NMDA receptor antagonist) 10 minutes before being exposed to the EPM. Results showed that the CoCl2 + SDS combination confirmed the anxiogenic effect, however only in the animals treated with saline in the LmPFC. CE was remained unchanged in both experiments. These results suggest that the inactivation of the LmPFC may prolong to up to 10 days the anxiogenic-like effects induced by SDS. Interestingly, this type of stress-induced anxiogenesis is impaired by the blockade of the NMDA receptor located in the RmPFC of mice.
Estudos genético-populacionais em Astyanax aff. Scabripinnis da região da Serra da Mantiqueira
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-10-19)
Limeira, Daniel Meneguello
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Mateus, Rogério Pincela
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3619196057484399
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Artoni, Roberto Ferreira
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8875928930712027
Genetic studies of natural populations have long been helping the scientific community and society in general to understand the evolution and conservation of both environments and communities. These studies have helped to define the boundary between species, and the concept of species, which is extremely important but sometimes arbitrary and quite variable among the various groups of living beings. In similar way, they help to know the status of conservation of populations in the wild and to understand how the anthropic activity or the natural evolution of the landscapes raises the risk of extinctions. In this sense, many researchers have considered the Astyanax scabripinnis species complex as a good model for evolutionary studies. These fish are known to inhabit headwaters streams, forming isolated populations with their own morphological, genetic and evolutionary characteristics. Aiming to deepen the knowledge about the genetic-population patterns of A. scabripinnis, six populations of the Serra da Mantiqueira region are have been selected, three belonging to the Sapucaí river basin, tributaries of the Grande river in the Upper Paraná basin, and three in the Paraíba do Sul basin. Using microsatellites based markers and mitochondrial DNA, we sought to know the intra and interpopulation genetic variability levels, to identify structure and migration patterns and bottleneck-population events. In addition, we sought to establish relationships between the geological evolution of the landscape, mainly in the higher regions of the Serra da Mantiqueira and the isolation and colonization patterns observed. Among the most relevant results, can be highlighted that the levels of genetic variability within the populations, when compared to other populations of Astyanax, are reasonably good. However, four of the populations had high levels of gene fixation suggesting the occurrence of inbreeding and two presented evidence of events of population bottlenecks, which draws attention to their conservation status. It was also possible to observe evident differences between two of the populations and the others, which allowed to infer the oldest separation of one and formation of the other through the colonization by individuals of varied populations, probably by anthropic action. The results showed that the population structure does not accompany the separation in two drainage basins and other factors of the formation of the Campos do Jordão plateau (where most of the populations are used), such as tectonic movements and drainage captures should be taken into account to understand the observed patterns. Finally, the hypothesis that best explains the structuring of the populations of Astyanax aff. scabripinnis observed is the colonization of the region from the Upper Paraná basin and dispersion or vicariance for the headwaters of the Paraíba do Sul basin.
Avaliação de diferentes estratégias de determinação de nutrientes e potenciais contaminantes em alimentos por técnicas baseadas em laser
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-10-19)
Augusto, Amanda dos Santos
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Pereira Filho, Edenir Rodrigues
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3394181280355442
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0641218916974686
The present project focuses on the development of strategies for the elemental determination of Ca, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mg, Pb and Zn in samples of orange juice and dietary supplements by Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS). For the determination of the analytes studied in supplements, by LIBS, several calibration methods were evaluated: the external calibration where cellulose was used and the samples themselves as the basis for the production of solid reference materials, PLS (Partial Least Squares ) as a multivariate calibration option and the calibration called MEC (Multi - Energy Calibration). Juice samples and aqueous standards were immobilized on a thin polymer film of PVA (Polyvinyl Alcohol) and analyzed by LIBS and LA-ICP-MS. In the analyzes by LIBS even with the conversion of the sample from the liquid to the solid state and/or with the DLLME (Dispersive Liquid-Liquid Micro Extraction) method, in different supports, it was not possible to obtain signals of intensity sufficiently intense for the analyzed analytes. During the implementation of this project it was possible to hold a one-year internship at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory under the supervision of Dr. Richard Russo. In this part of the work dietary supplements were analyzed, but using a LIBS / LA-ICP OES (Laser Ablation Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission) in order to propose a protocol of direct analysis of solids. Chemometrics was applied throughout the project to optimize the analytical conditions and identify the best working conditions. Chemometric tools were also used to generate calibration models for the rapid determination of the analytes.
Leitura compartilhada e letramento emergente na educação infantil
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-10-19)
Conti, Lilian Maria Carminato
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Souza, Deisy das Graças de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4404800720856419
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4306989351358925
Providing significant learning experiences in reading and writing in order to guarantee that all the students have the same opportunities constitutes one of the greatest challenges of Brazilian Education. The constant contact with children’s storybooks and the adequate preschool teacher intervention during the reading process seem to act favorably toward the development of the Emergent Literacy. Aiming to investigate the Emergent Literacy, this research is divided into two studies developed with preschoolers. The studies were conducted in a Municipal Preschool Education Center, in a medium-sized city of São Paulo state countryside. In the first study, the goal was to identify whether there is a relation between the students’ repertory (related to the abilities of the Emergent Literacy) and the teacher’s perception regarding these repertories. Four teachers and their students – who pertained to the age bracket of the last phase of the Preschool Education program – participated in this study. Each teacher indicated six students, three with low and three with high performances in activities related to reading and writing, totaling 24 participating students. After indication, the teachers answered a questionnaire about each different student, who was also evaluated by the researcher through the Emergent Literacy Scale. In most cases, the teachers’ assessments tended to correspond to the scores from the Scale for the high-performing students, but they were more discrepant from this measurement for the low-performing students. The teachers tended to evaluate these last students with scores worse than the ones from the scale, except in four (from twelve) cases. The second study aimed at replicating a reading and writing teaching program with a shared-reading approach. Three groups of students in the age bracket of the last phase of the Preschool Education program participated, totaling 55 students. Two groups worked with the mentioned teaching program, while the third served as control. The program was developed in the format of shared-reading workshops, performed inside the classrooms and planned together with each teacher. All the workshops followed a guideline in order to guarantee the stimulus to every component of the Emergent Literacy, by means of different activities: 1. familiarization with the books; 2. shared-reading; 3. make-believe story reading and students handling of books. The application of the teaching procedures was conducted in 15 sessions, each lasting from 20 to 30 minutes, three times a week, for two months. The students were evaluated through the Emergent Literacy Scale (pretest and posttest). The results show that the workshops reduced the variability among the participants, making their performance more similar (around the average) in terms of the repertory of the participant groups when compared with the control group. However, even though some students reached maximum or close to the maximum scores, the averages suggest that the groups, as a whole, did not achieve the maximum potential assessed by the Scale. Some adjustments are recommended for the next replications. Implications to the educational practice and to the formation of preschool teachers are discussed, based on the results of both conducted studies.
Respostas cardiorespiratórias frente ao método Treinamento Corretivo Postural (TCP)®
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-10-19)
Lima, Marco Antonio de
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Duarte, Ana Cláudia Garcia de Oliveira
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1996950253264696
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2444405525040960
The sedentary lifestyle is related to the low volume of physical activity leading to a series of chronic non-communicable diseases, such as cardiovascular, diabetes mellitus type 2, among others. The perspectives are those that improve the reversion of the picture, the physical training (TF) and the benefits for the improvement and maintenance of the health. In this way, TF can be planned and structured through volume, intensity and density, such as measurement and cardiorespiratory control variables, such as those that adjust to heart rate (HR), oxygen consumption (VO2), rate of the metabolic equivalent (MET) and the subjective perception of effort (PSE) of Borg, being used to calculate the energy expenditure (GE) of the activities. Among the current proposals for TF, Postural Corrective Training (TCP)® is presented as a method of aerobic gymnastics that presupposes antigLravity movements, performed in the frontal plane, as the basis of the functional work of posture. Based on the training of coordinating capacities, it aims not only to improve body posture, but also to promote the health and quality of life of its practitioners. However, there are still few studies regarding the behavior of cardiorespiratory variables during an initial session in the method. Thus, the objective of this study was to measure the HR, VO2 and GE in a 45 minute video-lesson method (ST) session in 19 young men (N = 19) aged 25,4 ± 5 years without previous contact with the method. Throughout the session, HR and VO2 were measured by Frequencimetro (Polar®) and ergospirometry, respectively. The collected analyzes were registered in an electronic database, submitted to tabulations in electronic spreadsheets, and later analyzed by the IBM® SPSS® software (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences), version 22.0. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was used to calculate the means and standard deviation and the ANOVA was used for multifactorial measurements, Tukey post-hoc p <0.05. Results: HR, VO2, MET during TCP® was the same for those evaluated in the course of time with PSE in the Borg scale of 9.5 ± 1.81, HR maintained a plateau equal to 126.7 ± 16.75. Relative HR (% FC) of the patients remained at 66 ± 7% of the HRmax, which was obtained in a growing treadmill test, performed prior to the (TCP)® video session. The consumption of VO2 was: 17.53 ± 2.45 ml.kg.min-1, a metabolic demand of 5 ± 1.62 MET and GE of: 296.7 ± 59.03 kcal with a respiratory quotient (QR) of 0.86 ± 0.04. The results demonstrate that a (TCP)® method can be characterized as a predominance of energy metabolism of the aerobic oxidative system, with moderate intensity and caloric expenditure, with an easy to moderate effort perception, for this population.
Platão, poeta de uma nova tragédia
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-10-19)
Santos, Ademir Souza dos
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Souza, Eliane Christina de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5658382257368048
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7793307070103078
The placing of the ποίησις in the Platonic Dialogues raises great controversy. On one hand, the Republic engages in a severe criticism of the art of the poets. On the other, albeit with some restrictions, Plato himself applies poetic elements in the construction of his philosophy, from a rather complex character portrayal to the use of the mimetic resources he seemed to condemn. We propose a more comprehensive view to this apparent antinomy. In order to do so, we establish a connection between Diogenes Laertius’s Lives of Eminent Philosophers and the criticism Schleiermacher later addressed to it. From this starting point, together with the analysis of some dialogues (Republic, Apology, Meno, Protagoras, Symposium), we suggest that Plato, besides being a philosopher, may also be considered a poet. In this context, the mimesis occupies a meaningful role in the Paideia process. Lastly, we also argue that, for the understanding of Plato’s ideas, we should consider the formal, literary aspects of his work, as they cannot be dissociated from the so-called philosophical contents addressed in his dialogues.