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Leitura compartilhada e letramento emergente na educação infantil
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-10-19) Conti, Lilian Maria Carminato; Souza, Deisy das Graças de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4404800720856419; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4306989351358925
Providing significant learning experiences in reading and writing in order to guarantee that all the students have the same opportunities constitutes one of the greatest challenges of Brazilian Education. The constant contact with children’s storybooks and the adequate preschool teacher intervention during the reading process seem to act favorably toward the development of the Emergent Literacy. Aiming to investigate the Emergent Literacy, this research is divided into two studies developed with preschoolers. The studies were conducted in a Municipal Preschool Education Center, in a medium-sized city of São Paulo state countryside. In the first study, the goal was to identify whether there is a relation between the students’ repertory (related to the abilities of the Emergent Literacy) and the teacher’s perception regarding these repertories. Four teachers and their students – who pertained to the age bracket of the last phase of the Preschool Education program – participated in this study. Each teacher indicated six students, three with low and three with high performances in activities related to reading and writing, totaling 24 participating students. After indication, the teachers answered a questionnaire about each different student, who was also evaluated by the researcher through the Emergent Literacy Scale. In most cases, the teachers’ assessments tended to correspond to the scores from the Scale for the high-performing students, but they were more discrepant from this measurement for the low-performing students. The teachers tended to evaluate these last students with scores worse than the ones from the scale, except in four (from twelve) cases. The second study aimed at replicating a reading and writing teaching program with a shared-reading approach. Three groups of students in the age bracket of the last phase of the Preschool Education program participated, totaling 55 students. Two groups worked with the mentioned teaching program, while the third served as control. The program was developed in the format of shared-reading workshops, performed inside the classrooms and planned together with each teacher. All the workshops followed a guideline in order to guarantee the stimulus to every component of the Emergent Literacy, by means of different activities: 1. familiarization with the books; 2. shared-reading; 3. make-believe story reading and students handling of books. The application of the teaching procedures was conducted in 15 sessions, each lasting from 20 to 30 minutes, three times a week, for two months. The students were evaluated through the Emergent Literacy Scale (pretest and posttest). The results show that the workshops reduced the variability among the participants, making their performance more similar (around the average) in terms of the repertory of the participant groups when compared with the control group. However, even though some students reached maximum or close to the maximum scores, the averages suggest that the groups, as a whole, did not achieve the maximum potential assessed by the Scale. Some adjustments are recommended for the next replications. Implications to the educational practice and to the formation of preschool teachers are discussed, based on the results of both conducted studies.
Respostas cardiorespiratórias frente ao método Treinamento Corretivo Postural (TCP)®
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-10-19) Lima, Marco Antonio de; Duarte, Ana Cláudia Garcia de Oliveira; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1996950253264696; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2444405525040960
The sedentary lifestyle is related to the low volume of physical activity leading to a series of chronic non-communicable diseases, such as cardiovascular, diabetes mellitus type 2, among others. The perspectives are those that improve the reversion of the picture, the physical training (TF) and the benefits for the improvement and maintenance of the health. In this way, TF can be planned and structured through volume, intensity and density, such as measurement and cardiorespiratory control variables, such as those that adjust to heart rate (HR), oxygen consumption (VO2), rate of the metabolic equivalent (MET) and the subjective perception of effort (PSE) of Borg, being used to calculate the energy expenditure (GE) of the activities. Among the current proposals for TF, Postural Corrective Training (TCP)® is presented as a method of aerobic gymnastics that presupposes antigLravity movements, performed in the frontal plane, as the basis of the functional work of posture. Based on the training of coordinating capacities, it aims not only to improve body posture, but also to promote the health and quality of life of its practitioners. However, there are still few studies regarding the behavior of cardiorespiratory variables during an initial session in the method. Thus, the objective of this study was to measure the HR, VO2 and GE in a 45 minute video-lesson method (ST) session in 19 young men (N = 19) aged 25,4 ± 5 years without previous contact with the method. Throughout the session, HR and VO2 were measured by Frequencimetro (Polar®) and ergospirometry, respectively. The collected analyzes were registered in an electronic database, submitted to tabulations in electronic spreadsheets, and later analyzed by the IBM® SPSS® software (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences), version 22.0. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was used to calculate the means and standard deviation and the ANOVA was used for multifactorial measurements, Tukey post-hoc p <0.05. Results: HR, VO2, MET during TCP® was the same for those evaluated in the course of time with PSE in the Borg scale of 9.5 ± 1.81, HR maintained a plateau equal to 126.7 ± 16.75. Relative HR (% FC) of the patients remained at 66 ± 7% of the HRmax, which was obtained in a growing treadmill test, performed prior to the (TCP)® video session. The consumption of VO2 was: 17.53 ± 2.45 ml.kg.min-1, a metabolic demand of 5 ± 1.62 MET and GE of: 296.7 ± 59.03 kcal with a respiratory quotient (QR) of 0.86 ± 0.04. The results demonstrate that a (TCP)® method can be characterized as a predominance of energy metabolism of the aerobic oxidative system, with moderate intensity and caloric expenditure, with an easy to moderate effort perception, for this population.
Estudos genético-populacionais em Astyanax aff. Scabripinnis da região da Serra da Mantiqueira
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-10-19) Limeira, Daniel Meneguello; Mateus, Rogério Pincela; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3619196057484399; Artoni, Roberto Ferreira; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8875928930712027; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8061545235505564
Genetic studies of natural populations have long been helping the scientific community and society in general to understand the evolution and conservation of both environments and communities. These studies have helped to define the boundary between species, and the concept of species, which is extremely important but sometimes arbitrary and quite variable among the various groups of living beings. In similar way, they help to know the status of conservation of populations in the wild and to understand how the anthropic activity or the natural evolution of the landscapes raises the risk of extinctions. In this sense, many researchers have considered the Astyanax scabripinnis species complex as a good model for evolutionary studies. These fish are known to inhabit headwaters streams, forming isolated populations with their own morphological, genetic and evolutionary characteristics. Aiming to deepen the knowledge about the genetic-population patterns of A. scabripinnis, six populations of the Serra da Mantiqueira region are have been selected, three belonging to the Sapucaí river basin, tributaries of the Grande river in the Upper Paraná basin, and three in the Paraíba do Sul basin. Using microsatellites based markers and mitochondrial DNA, we sought to know the intra and interpopulation genetic variability levels, to identify structure and migration patterns and bottleneck-population events. In addition, we sought to establish relationships between the geological evolution of the landscape, mainly in the higher regions of the Serra da Mantiqueira and the isolation and colonization patterns observed. Among the most relevant results, can be highlighted that the levels of genetic variability within the populations, when compared to other populations of Astyanax, are reasonably good. However, four of the populations had high levels of gene fixation suggesting the occurrence of inbreeding and two presented evidence of events of population bottlenecks, which draws attention to their conservation status. It was also possible to observe evident differences between two of the populations and the others, which allowed to infer the oldest separation of one and formation of the other through the colonization by individuals of varied populations, probably by anthropic action. The results showed that the population structure does not accompany the separation in two drainage basins and other factors of the formation of the Campos do Jordão plateau (where most of the populations are used), such as tectonic movements and drainage captures should be taken into account to understand the observed patterns. Finally, the hypothesis that best explains the structuring of the populations of Astyanax aff. scabripinnis observed is the colonization of the region from the Upper Paraná basin and dispersion or vicariance for the headwaters of the Paraíba do Sul basin.
Platão, poeta de uma nova tragédia
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-10-19) Santos, Ademir Souza dos; Souza, Eliane Christina de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5658382257368048; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7793307070103078
The placing of the ποίησις in the Platonic Dialogues raises great controversy. On one hand, the Republic engages in a severe criticism of the art of the poets. On the other, albeit with some restrictions, Plato himself applies poetic elements in the construction of his philosophy, from a rather complex character portrayal to the use of the mimetic resources he seemed to condemn. We propose a more comprehensive view to this apparent antinomy. In order to do so, we establish a connection between Diogenes Laertius’s Lives of Eminent Philosophers and the criticism Schleiermacher later addressed to it. From this starting point, together with the analysis of some dialogues (Republic, Apology, Meno, Protagoras, Symposium), we suggest that Plato, besides being a philosopher, may also be considered a poet. In this context, the mimesis occupies a meaningful role in the Paideia process. Lastly, we also argue that, for the understanding of Plato’s ideas, we should consider the formal, literary aspects of his work, as they cannot be dissociated from the so-called philosophical contents addressed in his dialogues.
Avaliação de diferentes estratégias de determinação de nutrientes e potenciais contaminantes em alimentos por técnicas baseadas em laser
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-10-19) Augusto, Amanda dos Santos; Pereira Filho, Edenir Rodrigues; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3394181280355442; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0641218916974686
The present project focuses on the development of strategies for the elemental determination of Ca, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mg, Pb and Zn in samples of orange juice and dietary supplements by Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS). For the determination of the analytes studied in supplements, by LIBS, several calibration methods were evaluated: the external calibration where cellulose was used and the samples themselves as the basis for the production of solid reference materials, PLS (Partial Least Squares ) as a multivariate calibration option and the calibration called MEC (Multi - Energy Calibration). Juice samples and aqueous standards were immobilized on a thin polymer film of PVA (Polyvinyl Alcohol) and analyzed by LIBS and LA-ICP-MS. In the analyzes by LIBS even with the conversion of the sample from the liquid to the solid state and/or with the DLLME (Dispersive Liquid-Liquid Micro Extraction) method, in different supports, it was not possible to obtain signals of intensity sufficiently intense for the analyzed analytes. During the implementation of this project it was possible to hold a one-year internship at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory under the supervision of Dr. Richard Russo. In this part of the work dietary supplements were analyzed, but using a LIBS / LA-ICP OES (Laser Ablation Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission) in order to propose a protocol of direct analysis of solids. Chemometrics was applied throughout the project to optimize the analytical conditions and identify the best working conditions. Chemometric tools were also used to generate calibration models for the rapid determination of the analytes.