Browsing by Issue Date, starting with "2018-10-25"

Filter results by year or month

Now showing 1 - 20 of 12661

Influência de diferentes aditivos nucleantes na morfologia e nas propriedades do polipropileno moldado por injeção
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-10-25)
Abreu, Andressa Argani
;
Lucas, Alessandra de Almeida
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/9754332336954137
Samples of a polypropylene (PP) homopolymer were nucleated with three different nucleating agents: 1,3:2,4-bis (3,4-dimethylobenzylideno) sorbitol (DMDBS), bis(4-propylbenzylidene) propilsorbitol (propilsorbitol), and lithium 2,2-methylene-bis (4,6- di-tert-butylphenyl) phosphate (lithium organophosphate) at different concentrations. The influence of these additives on the PP morphology was studied by polarized light optical microscopy (PLOM) with hot stage, atomic force microscopy (AFM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) wide angle x-ray diffraction (WAXD), and small angle x-ray scattering (SAXS). The influence of these additives in flow induced crystallization was verified through rheological analysis, optical, mechanical and thermomechanical properties were also evaluated. An increase in lamella thickness and long period was verified in nucleated samples by SAXS, and rheological analysis revealed that pure PP is more sensitive to flow-induced orientation than nucleated samples. Microscopy analysis showed that the crystalline morphology of nucleated PP is formed by a fibrillar transcrystalline structure, which reduces the interaction of the crystalline phase with visible light, and the sample containing lithium organophosphate forms the structure with most refined fibrils. All nucleating agents, in every concentration evaluated, proved to be efficient regarding the beginning of crystallization, improving optical properties and enhancing the polymer stiffness. However, changes in the concentration of the additives DMDBS and propilsorbitol influenced some of the final properties of the samples, while the sample containing lithium organophosphate did not show variations, regardless of the additive content used. It can be said that lithium organophosphate provides a better cost-benefit than the other nucleating agents evaluated, once a smaller amount of additive is needed to achieve similar results
Produção de concretos autoadensáveis com baixo consumo de cimento e sua influência na aderência aço-concreto
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-10-25)
Barboza, Lucas da Silva
;
Almeida Filho, Fernando Menezes de
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0447825383222965
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1159705362571916
Self-compacting concrete (SCC) must simultaneously exhibit high fluidity, cohesion and absence of segregation. However, the maintenance of these properties in the fresh state requires a greater consumption of binders and additions, and consequently generating a cost increase in the manufacture of the concrete. In this context, the present work seeks to evaluate the feasibility of the production of Self-Adhesive Concretes with Low Cement Consumption (SCCLCC), determining their properties in the fresh and hardened state. Appropriate inputs for the CAABCC dosage were selected, characterized and the optimal voids index at the packaging step between the aggregates determined. Self-compacting concrete with reduced cement content, with high compressive strength and cement consumption indices of 4.50 to 5.45 kg / m³. MPa-1 at 28 days were reached, in which these values are below those obtained for this type of concrete. These results demonstrate that even under low cement content dosing conditions, the properties in the fresh and hardened state were maintained, thus not suffering significant losses in relation to the reference concrete. Therefore, the results indicate that SCCLCC production with the necessary flowability, satisfactory resistance and reduced cement consumption is feasible. This makes SCC more efficient, with significant cost reductions and environmental impact without compromising its properties.
Uma arqueologia do conceito de langue no curso de linguística geral e no proposições para uma semiologia e uma linguística
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-10-25)
Donatti, Silvério Guazzelli
;
Signori, Mônica Baltazar Diniz
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/5524678730650668
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/5543385065293549
The present research will be based on the work of the Archeology of knowledge of Michel Foucault, an analysis of two saussurians discursive formations, with a view to the apprehension of the relations involving the concept of langue present in the works that compose our corpus, namely: the Course of General Linguistics, organized and edited by Charles Bally and Albert Sechehaye in France in 1916, and the Propositions for a Semiology and a Linguistics, a materialistic proposal articulated by Carlos Henrique de Escobar in Brazil in 1973. Our hypothesis was denied of a possible mutual re-elaboration between both discursive formations, through the concept of langue, due to the incompatibilities in the base of the discursive events that surround the concept.
Caracterização fenotípica e molecular dos mecanismos de resistência aos beta-lactâmicos em linhagens clínicas de Klebsiella pneumoniae isoladas do Amazonas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-10-25)
Souza, Rosineide Cardoso de
;
Camargo, Ilana Lopes Baratella da Cunha
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/4104096171600845
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/5739753892325187
Klebsiella pneumoniae resistant to beta-lactams are present in hospitals worldwide and reduce treatment alternatives. In this study, 40 K. pneumoniae isolates were characterized. All of them were resistant to beta-lactam antibiotics and classified as multidrug resistant. Among these, eight isolates were resistant to carbapenems and six of which had the gene blaKPC-2, encoding the enzyme Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase (KPC). The blaTEM and blaCTX-M genes were found in 80% of the samples. The 40 isolates were grouped into 12 pulses (A to L) according to the genetic similarity determined by the DNA macro-restriction followed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. A total of 20 isolates were classified as pulsotype A, which was subdivided into 13 subtypes (A1 to A13), with subtype A1 being the most prevalent. Representatives of pulsotype A belong to the ST11, clonal complex CC258. In this study, we identified four new STs: ST2540, ST2308, ST2258, and ST2307. AMKP5 and AMKP2, belonging to subtypes A7 and A8, respectively, are resistant to carbapenems but did not present the blaKPC gene. Sequencing of the AMKP5 genome indicated mutations in the C-terminal region of the OmpK36 porin which may alter the entry of carbapenems into the cell. Genome sequencing of the AMKP10 isolate identified the plasmid pAMKP10, with 48.454 bp belonging to the IncX5 incompatibility group. In this plasmid, the blaKPC-2 gene was found in a non-Tn4401 genetic element (NTEKPC) containing tnpA-ISEc63-like / tnpR-Tn3 / tnpA-ISKpn27 / blaKPC-2 / ΔISKpn6, based on Tn1722. All isolates with the blaKPC-2 gene had the same plasmid. Conjugation of this plasmid to Escherichia coli J53 occurred from ST11 isolates with low conjugation frequencies (8.23 x 10-12 to 1.31 x 10-7) resulting in resistance to carbapenems. Finally, the outbreak of carbapenem-resistant K. pneumoniae resistant of this Amazonian hospital involved the transfer of the NTEKPC-containing pAMKP10 between two lineages (ST11 and ST2302) but was largely due to the clonal dissemination of the ST11 endemic lineage.
Efeitos do treinamento dos músculos do assoalho pélvico individual versus individual com progressão para grupo versus em grupo para mulheres com incontinência urinária de esforço: ensaio clínico randomizado
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-10-25)
Figueiredo, Vilena Barros de
;
Driusso, Patricia
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8898319491890063
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/6372731373304247
The International Continence Society has defined urinary incontinence (UI) as any involuntary loss of urine, which can be classified into several types, most commonly reported in the literature are stress urinary incontinence, urge incontinence and mixed incontinence (association between stress symptoms and urgency). Pelvic floor muscle training (TMAP) is recommended as the first conservative treatment option for urinary incontinence in women and can be practiced individually or in a group. This thesis was composed by two studies. Study I aimed to: Evaluate the effects of individual physical therapy versus individual treatment with group progression versus group-only training in women with stress urinary incontinence. This was a randomized clinical trial. Ninety women over 18 years of age and with complaints of stress urinary incontinence (including those who had complaints of mixed urinary incontinence) were included. The mean age of study participants was 53 ± 12.5 years. After the intervention, the severity measurement improved in all three groups (p <0.001). The benefits of TMAP were maintained 3 and 6 months after completion of supervised training. The groups whose individual and individual training with progression to the group had a significant improvement in pelvic floor muscle function when compared to that trained only in the group after 12 training sessions (p <0.001). Study II aimed to evaluate the responsiveness of Pelvic Floor Distress Inventory-20 (PFDI-20) and Pelvic Floor Impact Questionnaire-7 (PFIQ-7) questionnaires. These questionnaires were designed to evaluate the occurrence of pelvic floor dysfunctions and how much these dysfunctions affect the quality of life. This was a prospective observational study with 72 women with urinary incontinence. The participants answered the questionnaires PFDI-20 and PFIQ-7 before and after the TMAP. Seventy-two women (mean age 51.8 ± 11.9) with stress urinary incontinence (n = 33) and mixed urinary incontinence (n = 39) were recruited. PFDI-20 and PFIQ-7 Portuguese version (Brazil) presented moderate responsiveness after TMAP and can be safely used by physiotherapists to use them in their practices.
Investigação dos mecanismos neurobiológicos envolvidos nas propriedades reforçadoras, sensibilização locomotora e reinstalação da autoadministração de etanol
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-10-26)
Bianchi, Paula Cristina
;
Cruz, Fábio Cardoso
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/4804337113083801
;
Planeta, Cleopatra da Silva
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/2514762545280942
Alcohol is the most consumed drug in Brazil and in many other countries in the world. The high rate of relapse in alcohol-dependent individuals remains a central challenge for treating alcoholism. Several studies in human and animal models of addiction show that environmental stimuli associated with previous drug use can provoke relapse to drug use. However, the neurobiological mechanisms involved in the alcohol relapse induced by environmental stimuli are not fully understood. Recent studies have been demonstrated that the synaptogenic effect of matricellular protein Hevin can promote striatal neuroplasticity that can modulate motivational properties of drugs. Despite that, the role of Hevin in alcohol addiction related behaviors has not been investigated. In the present study, we investigated the participation of pre-limbic cortex (PL); orbitofrontal cortex (OFC), and nucleus accumbens (NAc) in the context-induced reinstatement of alcohol-seeking in rats. We also evaluated the effect of Hevin inhibition in astrocytes or parvalbumin interneurons (PV) in the striatum on ethanol consumption, ethanol-induced conditioned place preference (CPP) and locomotor sensitization in mice. Our results demonstrated that: a) there were no differences between male and female rats in the reinstatement of alcohol-seeking behavior; b) re-exposure to the drug-context reinstated alcohol-seeking and increased Fos expression in the OFC, PL and NAc core and shell; c) reversible inactivation of the OFC or NAc core attenuated context-induced reinstatement of alcohol-seeking; d) there was more activation of the PL – NAc core pathway in the animals exposed to the drug-context, compared to those that were exposed to the extinction-context; e) inhibition of astrocytic Hevin into NAc did not alter ethanol consumption, but decreased alcohol-induced CPP; f) inhibition of astrocytic and neuronal Hevin in the dorsal striatum decreased locomotor sensitization induced by alcohol; and g) repeated alcohol injections in mice increased the volume of dendritic compartments of PV interneurons in the dorsal striatum.
Estudo da resistência à corrosão intergranular do aço inoxidável austenítico f138 - perspectiva de desempenho após Deformação Plástica Severa (DPS)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-10-26)
Rodrigues, Rodolfo de Souza
;
Kliauga, Andrea Madeira
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3527528295399928
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/2760387813535332
Austenitic stainless steels are widely used in heating and cooling circuits of thermoelectric and nuclear power plants (NPP) in the storage and reprocessing of nuclear fuels, mainly because they have good processability, high resistance to corrosion and creep. In particular in thermonuclear applications there is, however, the trouble of swelling caused by the nucleation of He voids and bubbles within the irradiated material and the increased sensitivity to intergranular corrosion due to the acceleration by diffusion of alloying elements in the material. Using severe plastic deformation (DPS) by the equal channel angular pressing (ECAP), an increase in the bondary area can be achieved as well as an increase in the density of dislocation enhancing He trapping in these regions. In relation to intergranular corrosion, the mechanism acting in most cases is the sensitization caused by precipitation in boundary grain of chromium-rich phases such as Cr23C6 and intermetallic precipitates. Increased plastic deformation (above 15%) can accelerate the sensitization process in austenitic stainless steels. In order to evaluate the effect of DPS on the corrosion resistance in oxidizing media, the ASTM 262 Practice C test was performed on a ASTM F138 steel after solubilization (1h at 1100oC), sensitization (240h at 850oC) and ECAP (7 passes at 300oC). Microstructural characterization was performed to analyze the sensitization process and to verify the corrosion mechanisms using Optical Microscopy (OM), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) together with X-ray Energy Dispersion Spectroscopy (EDS), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Mapping of crystallographic orientation by diffraction patterns in MET, X-ray Diffraction (DR-X) and X-ray Excited Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS). It was verified that while the sensitized material underwent intergranular corrosion the solubilized and ECAP material were subjected to gerenal corrosion. The mass loss in HNO3 was larger for general corrosion than for intergranular corrosion. The passive film of the ECAP sample contained more Chromium III and Molybdenum than in the solubilized sample, and therefore presented higher resistance to corrosion in the HNO3 medium. The sensitized material presented precipitates with high concentration of chromium and molybdenum leaving the surrounding regions more susceptible to intergranular corrosion and by pites. The film formed on the surface of the sensitized samples presented higher amount of the Chromium VI oxide in relation to the solubilized samples and ECA7x. This oxide is less resistant to acid corrosion than Chromium III oxide. The passive film of the ECAP sample contained more Chromium III and Molybdenum than in the solubilized sample, and therefore presented higher resistance to corrosion in the HNO3 medium.
Avaliação da produção de biopolímeros pelas cepas bacterianas DsA.N042 e DsA.N049 isoladas de Diabrotica speciosa usando subprodutos industriais
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-10-26)
Denadae, Bárbara Evelin
;
Souza, Clovis Wesley Oliveira de
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0781683628437007
;
Forim, Moacir Rossi
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1234565160573730
The global development has enabling the improvement of daily life to human. However, the large production of manufactured materials such as plastics, it has generating environmental unbalanced, especially when they are discarded in an inappropriate manner. Due to this environmental concern, several researches have been carried out looking for materials as same mechanical properties of petroleum-based plastics, however, plastic-environmental friendly. In this context, bioplastics are a good alternative to replacing the petroleum-based plastics since they can be obtained in production processes that are less aggressive to the environment, and easily degraded. Microorganisms such as bacteria are a important source of the bioplastics. They can synthesize them naturally when subjected to specific growth conditions. Another advantage to the use of bacteria in the biotechnological production of (bio) molecules is the use of alternative substrates such as industrial waste (subproducts). Thus, the present study aimed to identify two strains of bacteria from Diabrotica speciosa's gut using 16S rDNA sequencing methodologies, and through fatty acid profiling by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, as well as to assess their technical and economic viability in the production of biopolymers using industrial subproducts. It was not possible to identify the strains at species level, suggesting new species not described in the literature yet. However, the genera found for the strains in this study were identified as Aureimonas sp. and Delftia sp. The results for the fatty acid profiling showed a wider variety of molecules for Delftia sp. (15 different types) than to Aureimonas sp. (10 types of molecules), although both of they contained palmitic and stearic acid as major compounds. The investigated microorganisms were able of to use glycerol and whey as sources of nutrients to produce biopolymers (polyhydroxyalkanoates), in different concentrations. For Aureimonas sp., the concentration of glycerol and whey that presented the highest yield of biopolymer recovery were 2.0 and 10.0% (v/v), respectively. In its turn, the results for Delftia sp. indicated that 6.0 and 5.0% (v/v) of glycerol and whey, respectively, were the best concentrations evaluated to production of biopolymers in all treatments. The batch using whey at 5.0% (v/v) and the strain of Delftia sp., it produced 38.7% of PHB/cell dry weight, proving the feasibility of the use of the subproducts such as whey to produce biopolymers, as well as the importance to look for microorganisms in new microbiomes.
Efeitos da deleção de REST do músculo esquelético sobre a composição corporal e função muscular de camundongos c57bl/6
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-10-26)
Canevazzi, Gustavo Henrique Rigo
;
Bergeron, Raynald
;
Perez, Sergio Eduardo de Andrade
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/9408953831211309
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/2240791238925455
In order to elucidate the role of skeletal muscle REST (RE1 Silencing Transcription Factor) protein on body composition and muscle functionality, we aimed at evaluating the effects of the specific deletion of REST from skeletal muscle (REST MKO) on mouse morphology, in vivo muscle strength and locomotor activity, and in vitro mechanical properties of isolated fast and slow skeletal muscles. Twenty-five mice were used in our study: 12 wild type (WT; 6 males and 6 females) and 13 REST MKO (8 males and 5 females). After 2 weeks of acclimation, the animals were housed in cages mounted with a running wheel (Day 0) so as to assess the level of voluntary physical activity. Subsequently (Day 4), the animals returned to standard cages and 3 days later (Day 7) grip strength and body composition were assessed. Euthanasia was carried out in the following two to four days (Days 9, 10 and 11; n = 2-4 mice/day) during which slow-twitch soleus (SOL) and fast-twitch extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscles were collected to assess their mechanical properties during electrical-stimulation protocols. No statistical differences between REST MKO and WT mice were found in female mice. Based on this observation, only the data obtained in male mice were used. REST MKO had no significant effect on body weight, relative grip strength and voluntary physical activity; however, it increased fat (+9%) and decreased lean (-9%) masses significantly. Muscle relative weight was 31% higher in SOL and 19% smaller in the EDL of the REST MKO as compared to WT group (both p<0,05). Evaluation of isolated skeletal muscles mechanical properties during electrostimulation protocols indicated that REST MKO had no effect on maximal relative force in both the SOL and EDL. Regarding the muscle effects, REST MKO promoted greater force development and reduced fatigability in the EDL during the fatigue protocol. In contrast, in SOL muscles the deletion of REST led to a decrease in force production at low frequencies of stimulation and greater fatigue. We have shown that skeletal muscle REST protein seems to be important for the maintenance of lean mass and its loss leads to functional implications in different skeletal muscle tissues.
Estudo empírico-teórico de compósitos baseados em polímeros condutores para conversão e armazenamento de energia
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-10-26)
Gonçalves, Roger
;
Souza, Ernesto Chaves Pereira de
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1505400360366643
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/5949704693295518
The fast obsolescence of still functional devices causes an extensive e-waste generation and an exacerbated natural resources consumption for the manufacture of new products. In this sense, the development of abundant materials devices-based development, coupled with greater efficiency of conversion, use and storage of energy, are fundamental. Therefore, this thesis presents fundamental studies useful for understanding the behavior of these materials, as well as their applications. The polypyrrole (PPy) electronic structure and growth kinetics were studied using EIS and STM, obtaining important results regarding the exponential increase of the electroactive area during the polymer synthesis, as well as the behavior of its quasi-particles due to electrochemical doping. In addition, it was studied the application of a 2d polymer with graphene-like properties as its possible substitute. This material, called carbon nitride (C3N4), is widely known in the catalysis area, but still poorly explored in electrochemistry. Conductive polymer composites were studied as active materials for the conversion and storage of clean and inexpensive energy. As a result, it was obtained that this material is promising for application in metal-free capacitors, having a great cycling, above 5 K cycles, also increasing the lifespan of a supercapacitor based on PPy, besides obtaining the unprecedented value of 3.0 kF g-1. As for energy conversion, this material demonstrated better compatibility with polythiophene derivatives, promoting better photocurrent in less cathodic potentials, 3 times increase, versus only 2 times increase for reduced graphene oxide in the same conditions. It is concluded, therefore, that carbon nitride is an excellent material for applications in devices based on conductive polymers.
Efeitos do contaminante emergente triclosan sobre a função cardiorespiratória do matrinxã, Brycon amazonicus, em normóxia e durante hipóxia gradual
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-10-26)
Martins, Nícolas Fernandes
;
McKenzie, David John
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0281731956436645
;
Kalinin, Ana Lúcia
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/5493936744279888
Many organic compounds present in bodies of water, called emerging contaminants, are not yet contemplated in Brazilian environmental legislation. Such compounds need to be evaluated for their high toxicity to living organisms, causing serious problems for ecosystems, animal and human health. Among these compounds, widely used, is triclosan (TCS). The increasing use of TCS by the industry and a variety of common household products, including detergents, toothpastes, soaps, among others, results in the release of large and increasing amounts of this compound in water bodies, which can affect the health and survival of organisms aquatic Brazilian legislation has established a maximum TCS concentration of 0.3% for personal care products, cosmetics and perfumes, but there is no established limit for maximum permissible concentrations in the different water bodies. Despite the concern with such contaminant, few works are addressing its physiological effects on aquatic organisms, particularly fish. The present study evaluated the effect of TCS on cardiorespiratory function in vivo and on the expression of cardiac proteins involved in the management of cardiac calcium of Brycin amazonicus. Among the main findings, the present study showed that: a) in the presence of TCS the water does not reach 100% saturation with O2; b) TCS not only reduces the metabolic rate but also increases the critical O2 uptake, reducing the ability to keep O2 uptake constant and, consequently, reducing the chances of survival in hypoxic environments; c) the ventilatory requirement is significantly increased by the TCS, showing a significant decrease in the efficiency of the gills in the exchange of O2 besides increasing the energy expenditure for the gas exchange; d) TCS had a depressant effect on heart rate and increased expression of L-type calcium channels and Na + / Ca 2+ exchanger. Together, the results obtained in the present study show that the TCS, even in low concentrations and in short exposures (96h), decreases respiratory capacity of the species and interferes in the management of cardiac calcium. The depressant effect of cardio-respiratory function in vivo as well as changes in the expression of proteins involved in the cardiac excitation-contraction coupling of matrinxã reinforce the need not only for reassessment of the use of SCC in consumer products but also for the establishment of maximum limits waters for human consumption and conservation of aquatic life.
Estudo da viabilidade técnica do reaproveitamento de altos teores de fibras de poli(para-aramida) como reforço mecânico em poliamida 66
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-10-26)
Bello, Thômas Scarassati
;
Costa, Lidiane Cristina
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8246109223926480
;
Bettini, Sílvia Helena Prado
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3687551763124327
Responsible for an annual demand higher than 70 millions of tons, the poly(para- aramide) fibers are being widely used in the safety, automobilist, aeronautic, and petroleum industries, due to their attractive mechanical, chemical, and thermal properties. However, these fibers cannot be recycled by conventional processes and have to be incinerated or discarded in specific landfills. In order to achieve new applications for their industrial wastes, this project had as main goal the study of technical feasibility in the reuse of high content of poly(para-aramide) fibers as mechanical reinforcement in polyamide 66. The composites were produced by twin-screw extrusion in contents of 10 and 20%, and the screw speed and fiber feed zone were also modified. In addition, the poly(para-aramide) fibers have low adhesion with polymers, and can be even lower with finishing substances from industrial processes. For this reason, the removal of these substances was another condition studied in this work. According to the analyses, a continuous and stable processing is hampered by the high fiber specific volume. The finishing substances removal had a detrimental effect in the process due to increasing on fiber-fiber friction and did not affect the PA66-fiber adhesion. The results have shown that composition and processing conditions did not affect fiber length, which was above the critical length. At the same time, these variables effects were significant on PA66 degradation, which were determinant on composite final properties. It was possible to increase the mechanical properties, and, under certain conditions, it was higher than the commercial composites of PA66/poly(para-aramide).
Avaliação da geração de Hg(0) em reator anaeróbio de fluxo ascendente de ETE
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-10-26)
Michilini, Larissa Meneghin
;
Fadini, Pedro Sérgio
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3255060531838427
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1673762564740071
Mercury is a metal of high mobility and toxicity in the environment. The understanding of different aspects about its biogeochemical cycle is of fundamental importance for the management of this global pollutant. Different biotic and abiotic processes are responsible for the transfer between phases, involving the aqueous environment and the atmosphere, causing contaminated aquatic environments and wastewater to also act as emitters and/or remitters of mercury. The current concern about this type of environmental contamination can be attested by the recent Minamata Convention, an agreement signed in 2013 by 140 countries, promulgated by Brazil on August 14, 2018 and which provides the reduction of global mercury emissions. This agreement is both the source control as use restrictions, and Brazil is one of the signatories. The aim of this study was to determine the total mercury (HgT) and Hg(0) in samples of raw sewage and effluent from the Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket Reactor(UASB) of the wastewater treatment plant (ETE-Monjolinho) in the city of São Carlos-SP, using a cold vapor atomic fluorescence spectrometry (CVAFS), a strategy that allows the limits of detection less than ng L-1, which is low enough to allow quantification in any of the matrices of interest. The analyzes were performed between October 2017 and July 2018, in samples collected monthly. The mean concentrations for HgT in ng L-1 were 24.4 ± 9.7 for the station's affluent and 21.9 ± 9.3 for the anaerobic reactor effluent. The results showed that both HgT as well as Hg(0) in the affluent have a correlation with the pH, where in higher pH there is a higher formation of Hg (0) and consequently lower concentrations of HgT and in pH with lower values the tendency is to contain higher concentrations of HgT and lower formation of Hg(0). Correlations between HgT, Hg(0) and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) showed that in the effluent samples as the higher DOC concentration had higher concentration of HgT and lower concentration of Hg(0), supporting the hypothesis of the complexing capacity of organic matter (OM). In the affluent samples this trend was observed more subtly in the results. Regarding to Hg(0), the results obtained in the studied period show that both samples from the station's effluent and reactor effluent mostly immediately reduced the added Hg2+ in the samples, but it was noticed that with the passage of time this tendency has decreased. A reduction capacity of Hg(II) to Hg(0) was found in both the affluent and the reactor's effluent. In the presence of Hg2+ additions, a formation of Hg(0) in the affluent of the order of 29 to 2100 pg L-1 and in the effluent of the order of 23 to 570 pg L-1 was observed. A mass balance that takes into account the annual emission of the WWTP in terms of HgT, points to affluent values of 461 g and 414 g effluent, reaching a removal of 47 g year-1, a value that is partitioned between incorporation to the sludge and emission into the atmosphere after reduction.
Saúde mental infantojuvenil e inclusão escolar: desafios, demandas e proposição de formação continuada para professores
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-10-26)
Lins, Sarah Raquel Almeida
;
Matsukura, Thelma Simões
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/5611215381682164
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/9370082703685790
The World Health Organization and recent studies indicate that schools have been receiving students with mental health disorders, but little is known about these children and how teachers have acted with them. Teachers report insecurity to deal with this public and it has been indicated that providing knowledge on child and adolescent mental health (CAMH) to those involved with the school context can be a potent strategy. The present research objective was firstly to understand teachers’ – from primary and secondary levels – daily school routines in dealing with students in psychological distress and, secondly, to offer these teachers a course about CAMH focused on the school context. Study 1 refers to a quantitative, transverse and descriptive research that involved: the identification of the teachers’ conception of children’s mental health, the school reality as well the demands with this public. 164 public school teachers (104 from regular classrooms and 60 from multifunctional-resource classrooms) participated in the study, all of them were linked to the local education network of two medium-sized cities in the state of São Paulo, and they answered two questionnaires. The results revealed that the actions taken by teachers concerning children with mental health disorders are: adaptation of resources, activities and curriculum, dialogue with students and their families, and partnerships between the regular classroom teacher and the resource room teacher. It has been shown that teachers have difficulty speaking about CAMH, due to the little theoretical and practical apparatus in this field. They recognize the importance of knowing more about the subject and suggest themes to compose an educational project in this area, such as: CAMH, intervention strategies and how to present case studies. It discusses the importance of approaching issues related to CAMH in school as a way to support the diversity present in this public with which teachers to achieve both educational and social inclusion. Whereas the Study 2 involved a pilot study on the proposal of a course, application and initial assessment of intervention focusing on the theme “Child Mental Health: Building Knowledge with Multifunctional-Resource Room Teachers”. The course consisted of a 30-hour workload and was developed in eight face-to-face meetings intertwined with out-of-classroom activities, focusing on the daily school routine which distances itself from a medico-centered approach. 53 female teachers who work in multifunctional-resource rooms, linked to the education network of two municipalities in the state of São Paulo, who had participated in Study 1, participated in this second study and answered a questionnaire. The participants evaluated positively the course focusing on the daily practice, and they suggested changes in the way of seeing and relating to the students, treating them with more empathy, understanding and respect. The teachers revealed that they shared the course material with other professionals and showed an interest to delve into the subject. For new course formats, participants proposed a more focused approach onto households as well as the attendance of regular classroom teachers and school managers. Teachers do have both demands and interest in the subject of CAMH and understand that this is a reality of the school routine that has implications in the children’s possibilities of staying, coexisting and learning there. In conclusion, addressing children’s mental health with teachers can contribute to the strengthening of the teacher’s own actions, as well as to the effectiveness of the educational and social inclusion process.
O poder legislativo e a reforma político-institucional no âmbito da política externa brasileira: uma análise a partir das propostas de Emenda Constitucional
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-10-29)
Oliveira, Lisiane Granha Martins de
;
Diniz, Simone
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/9726360676770459
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0262083038278847
Since the Brazilian Constitution of 1824 the conduct of foreign policy has been of considerable concentration in the Executive Branch, having the Legislative Branch a post factum role in its decision making process. This institutional model was not altered by the Federal Constitution of 1988, which established the exclusive competence of the President of the Republic to conclude treaties, conventions and other international acts subject to a referendum of the National Congress when they incur burdensome charges or commitments to national patrimony. In this context, part of the national literature has brought to the discussion the role of the Legislative in the conduct of external relations, debating its role as a mere locus homologous to the decisions coming from the Executive. Likewise, since the late 1990s, there has been a growing movement for the presentation of proposals for amendments to the Constitution (PEC’s) by parliamentarians in order to promote a political-institutional reform in the distribution of competences in the scope of foreign policy. In this way, the objective of this paper is to answer the following question: what is the potential veto point in the decision making process of these PECs, considering that, to date, none of the measures presented has achieved its objective. And in this sense, one will try to understand when, under what conditions and for what reasons, this Power chooses to formally propose the alteration of the rules of the political game in this scope. Thus, it is based on the hypothesis that the Constitution and Justice Commission of the Legislative Houses of the National Congress is a potential veto point for the measures that are the object of this research, acting more for the non-inclusion of these proposals for voting in plenary of that Committee, than for its express rejection in the opinions issued. Methodologically, the bibliographical and documentary research will be used with a qualitative study and analysis of data content regarding these proposed Constitutional Amendments presented at both Houses of the National Congress in the post-enactment period of CF/88 until 2015.
O Colégio São Benedito e a escolarização da população negra em Campinas-SP no início do século XX
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-10-29)
Sgarbosa, Lívia
;
Nascimento, Manoel Nelito Matheus
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/4486910967478337
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1120258795712503
In the post-abolition period and in the First Republic, the black population was removed from the minimum conditions to integrate into Brazilian society, which underwent major transformations with the goal of developing the nation. There was a great enthusiasm for education, considered as redemptive and capable of removing Brazil from the situation of backwardness caused by the long period of colonial slavery. Defending the expansion of schools and expanding the supply of places did not apply to blacks, who encountered many barriers to access to education. In this context, the Irmandade São Benedito began, at the end of the 19th century, in Campinas, the offer of education for the brothers and their children of the "men of color", seeking to fill the vacancies in public schools. With this work, we try to understand how the professor Francisco José de Oliveira constituted and maintained the functioning of the Colégio São Benedito in the period from 1902 to 1936 and the participation of the Colégio São Benedito and the performance of the black professors Francisco José de Oliveira and Benedito Evangelista in the process of emancipation of the black population of Campinas, in the post-abolition period, in the early twentieth century. The Colégio São Benedito closed its doors in 1936, and members found themselves drifting, but the struggle of the educators who were involved in this educational institution, lasted for decades, through a litigation process of reintegration of possession. The work then sought to understand these passages and actions of the educators, and was carried out through bibliographical and documentary research. The historical sources were searched in the Memory Center of UNICAMP (CMU), in the archives of the City Hall and Campinas City Council and in the collection of prof. Benedito Evangelista, with documents from the Colégio São Benedito.
Comparação de comunidades de Coleoptera em cultivo de eucalipto e fragmento de Floresta Estacional Semidecidual na região de Sorocaba, São Paulo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-10-29)
Dias, Luiz Philippe
;
Ferreira Filho, Pedro José
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3952696627229150
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/4905494033739138
Studies on ecosystems with different levels of change are important to assess the impact these changes have on biodiversity. Coleoptera are used as environmental bioindicators because of the diversity and variety of their food habits. The objective of this work was to compare the community of Coleoptera in native and cultivated area. The beetles were collected with light traps every two weeks from September 2016 to August 2017 in Eucalyptus platyphylla F. Muell (Myrtaceae) and a semideciduous seasonal forest fragment (FES) in the region of Sorocaba, São Paulo. A total of 1116 individuals, 657 in E. platyphylla and 459 in FES were captured. Coleoptera abundance was similar in both environments, with most of the families observed in both areas. There was no predominance of individuals of a particular trophic group in the environments, so that both herbivorous and predator families had high abundance in the studied areas. Most coleoptera in E. platyphylla and FES fragment occurred in the hot period between October 2016 and March 2017, with population peaks in October. Curculionidae, Elateridae and Carabidae showed a positive correlation with temperature.
Agenda governamental no Brasil: análise da atenção presidencial na nova república (1985-2014)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-10-30)
Sudano, Andréia di Camilla Ghirghi Pires
;
Capella, Ana Cláudia Niedhardt
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/5810332148425938
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/6262668768165357
This thesis investigated the dynamics of attention given by different Brazilian presidents to policies based on the following question: how was presidential attention directed to prioritize certain issues in its legislative decisional agenda between 1985 and 2014? The general objective was to understand, from the comparative evaluation of its composition and changes, the patterns of prioritization of presidential attention in the perspective of its legislative decisional agendas. The analysis of the data was based on the absolute and relative frequency of the policies expressed in the presidential legislative proposals, codified according to the typology of the Comparative Agenda Project (CAP). A descriptive analysis was performed, based on the absolute and relative size of the samples (number of propositions by type, president, government and political party of the president), as well as measures of central tendency and dispersion of the relative frequencies of policies (average, standard error, asymmetry, kurtosis and standard deviation); and (2) statistical analyzes of the relative frequencies of attention to policies, using uni- and multivariate data models (Pearson's correlation, analysis of variance- ANOVA, principal component analysis -PCA- and partial least squares-discriminant analysis -PLS-DA), with the aid of statistical software, to understand differences and to establish comparisons between groups (presidents, governments and political parties). In the results, the product from the presidential priorities was discussed by: (A) presentation of the content emphasized by them in their legislative decision-making agendas (composition and attributes); (B) evaluation of changes (increase, decrease or stability) in presidential attention to policies; (C) comparison (similarities and differences) between the agendas by president, government and political party. As attributes, we observed activist agendas (high capacity), broad (high diversity) and with little variation of volatility. As an exception, one has the agenda of President Dilma Housseff, restrained (low capacity) in comparison with the others. In addition, there was a great convergence of presidential attention to the same issues, which corroborates the indication of institutional and cognitive restrictions imposed on legislative decisional agendas. Presidents of different parties at different times consolidated a similar attention to the set of policies that were presented. However, it was possible to diagnose differences between presidents and changes over the period that expressed the preferences and contingencies that were submitted to each one. The comparative analysis made it possible to discuss the policies with greater emphasis in each group, suggesting the influences that affected the selection and prioritization of policies by the presidents expressed in their legislative decisional agendas.
Análise da variação morfológica em Caipirasuchus paulistanus Iori & Carvalho, 2011 e Caipirasuchus montealtensis (Andrade & Bertini, 2008) (Crocodylomorpha: Sphagesauridae)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-10-31)
Dias, Willian Alexandre Ferreira
;
Iori, Fabiano Vidoi
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7623488132403298
;
Fernandes, Marcelo Adorna
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/6709493251686592
Caipirasuchus is a genus of Notosuchia that lived during the late Cretaceous in Brazil and, until the present, only found in the Adamantina Formation, Bauru Basin. Within this genus there are the Caipirasuchus montealtensis and the Caipirasuchus paulistanus species, often referred to as taxon brothers due to their morphological proximity. The morphological similarity raises questions about the taxonomy of these species. The main difference between C. montealtensis and C. paulistanus comes from the existence of the pterygoid chamber in C. montealtensis, a chamber that presents intraspecific variation. The main goal of this study was to analyze the morphological variations in the choana region in order to observe whether these variations could mean sexual dimorphism or speciation. Computed tomography has been used to internally explore the choana region and to evaluate the possible communication between the pterygoid structures and the airways in both C. montealtensis and C. paulistanus. The results obtained support the morphological disparities between C. montealtensis and C. paulistanus. It was possible to identify morphological differences in the pterygoid chamber of the C. montealtensis specimens, a complex secondary chamber is present in the paratype and in the juvenile individual and completely absent in the holotype. A communication between the pterygoid chambers and the airways was found in the juvenile C. montealtensis, suggesting possible functions related to vocalization. The new observations expand the knowledge about C. montealtensis and C. paulistanus anatomy, as well as suggesting the possible occurrence of a new species of Caipirasuchus, from the characters found in the juvenile paratype and C. montealtensis. A stratigraphy is important for the taxonomic elucidation of the group and a broader sampling would assist in the taxonomy and understanding the function of the pterygoid chamber.
Otimização do processo de soldagem robotizada tandem GMAW do aço ASTM A572 G50
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-10-31)
Rossini, Luis Felipe Scalet
;
Spinelli, José Eduardo
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8882038118634925
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3004683472463954
The tandem welding process employs double wire feed in a single torch, providing increased deposition rate and consequent reduction in process times. However, the process complexity increases because the correct combination of parameters is essential to avoid the occurrence of interference between the electric arcs and defects, such as inadequate geometry, accentuated base metal casting, which results in failures under service conditions. The understanding of the TANDEM process and the optimization of the cycle times are the motivations of this work, having as a proposal to analyze the presence of defects and the changes in the microstructure and the mechanical strength through the variation of the modes of metallic transfer, angulation of the welding torch and consequent heat input variation. For all parameter variations, ASTM A572 G50 structural steel test pieces welded with ER70S-6 welding wire have been fabricated using robotic welding stations from a Multinational Company. The volume of the weldments has been the same in all variations of parameters, allowing a comparative analysis of the quality of the joint and presence of defects. The probability of occurrence of defects has been analyzed by the high-frequency acquisition of the values of current, voltage and wire feed speed, while the penetration profile and the dimension of the heat affected zone have been examined through macrographs. The analysis of the microstructure of the molten and heat affected areas has been carried out using an optical microscope, while for the determination of the strength, Vickers micro hardness profiles have been obtained. After different test conditions, the best combination of parameters was found, where the master wire was parameterized in continuous current and the slave wire with pulsed metallic transfer, obtaining a 19,3% higher displacement speed of the robot and no occurrence of anomalies in electrical arcs.