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Caracterização das comunidades de peixes de duas lagoas marginais na bacia do Alto Paranapanema
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-11-30) Turco, Debora Pardini Lo; David, José Augusto de Oliveira; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1395716206085674; Carmassi, Giulianna Rondineli; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1483021311370862; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3334748969023337
Marginal lagoons are considered an integral part of lotic systems, interacting with rivers through the exchange of water, nutrients and living organisms. They play an important role in the maintenance of biodiversity, especially the ichthyofauna, serving as a refuge for predators, nursery and feeding grounds. This work had as objective the characterization of the ichthyofauna of two marginal lagoons of a preserved section of the Paranapanema river, in order to validate the importance of these environments for the preservation of species of fish and their function as nursery and to record the basal frequency of micronuclei and nuclear morphological abnormalities in erythrocytes of the captured fish, comparing these frequencies with the control groups of other works of the literature. In general, the ichthyofauna sampled was composed mainly of small species, with low migratory capacity and life cycle associated to the marginal lagoons, depending on them for feeding / growth or reproduction. The disparities found in the communities of these lagoons in the different campaigns may reflect the degree of connectivity of these environments to the river; since the similarity between the lagoons was greater in the second campaign, which coincided with the beginning of the rainy season. The micronucleus frequencies and nuclear anomalies showed values similar to those observed in the literature for the negative control groups of the different species analyzed, evidencing that these lagoons can be considered little impacted by pollutants.
Complexos contendo bases de Schiff simétricas e não-simétricas: I – Complexos mono- e trinucleares de Níquel(II) e de Cobre(II) com ligantes do tipo salen para oxidação de catecóis; II – Complexos de Zinco(II) com aminotroponiminatos para polimerizações
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-11-30) Bucalon, Daniel Haguihara; Dockal, Edward Ralph; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6461328124491559; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2552019007817230
In this work two topics involving symmetric and non-symmetric Schiff bases were investigated. In the first part, the mono- and trinuclear complexes of nickel (II) and copper (II) were studied as catalysts in the oxidation reaction of 3,5-di-tert-butyl-catechol. A variety of structures with yields above 58% were synthesized and characterized. Regarding the structures and properties obtained, the characterization data indicate remarkable differences between the mono- and trinuclear complexes. The series of structures allowed the possibility of evaluating and correlating the stereo and electronic effects with the catalytic activities of the compounds. The nickel (II) and copper (II) trinuclear complexes showed higher catalytic efficiency than their respective mononuclear complexes. Within the series of copper (II) trinuclear complexes, the 3-ethoxy substitution compound and two methyl groups [Cu(Cu(3OEtsaldmen)}2(ClO4)2] were found to be the most efficient. It has been found that there was an increase in catalytic efficiency with the change of substituents on the aromatic ring with the sequence -OH <-H <-OMe <-OEt. Furthermore, in general, by analyzing the effect of the methyl substituents close to one of the imines, the following order to the catalytic efficiency was found: -H; -H < -H;-CH3 < -CH3;-CH3, but depending on the substituent at the postion 3 on the ring, this effect was more or less pronounced. In the second part, three new complexes of type [Zn(ATI){N (SiMe3)2}] were synthesized, characterized and tested tested in the ring-opening polymerization of the lactones β-rac-butyrolactone and rac-lactide. The ligands, with two of them unknown in the literature, were readily obtained via a three-step synthesis from tropolone. The influence of the varying metallacycle ring size on the polymerization was evaluated. In situ IR measurements indicate a higher catalytic activity of the novel aminotroponiminate complexes for β-rac-butyrolactone compared with the β-diiminate system. The activity and degree of control were further improved by an in situ generated alkoxy initiating group generated after the addition of 2-propanol. An enhanced initiator efficiency allowed the synthesis of polymers with controlled molecular weights and narrow polydispersities. Furthermore, complexes with ethyl and isopropyl groups exhibited a high activity in the ring-opening polymerization of rac-lactide. Hereby, reaction time and initiator efficiency could also be optimized at a higher temperature or by the addition of 2-propanol.
Análise da complexidade do torque dos extensores do joelho: efeito do envelhecimento, fragilidade e exercício físico
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-11-30) Fiogbé, Elie; Takahashi, Anielle Cristhine de Medeiros; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8336705133403404; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3012093477455714
The process of physiological aging involves a series of alterations in the neuromuscular system leading to the reduction of mass and muscle force. Consequently, changes in muscle strength have been investigated in elderly individuals as a tool for detecting geriatric syndromes and declining functional capacity. Consequently, muscle force is routinely assessed in older adults as diagnostic criteria of some geriatric syndromes, and a tool for the investigation of functional capacity declines. However, unlike maximal muscle force, muscle force control indexes allow a better understanding of the neuromuscular system, providing information on the mechanisms governing force production and maintenance, reflecting the sensorimotor control of these individuals. However, several aspects remain uncertain in the study of muscle force control in the elderly. Thus, the effects of aging, muscle contraction intensity, and physical training on large postural muscles force complexity of remain unknown. Investigating these issues will have a great clinical relevance, allowing a better understanding of the age-related changes in the neuromuscular system and its responses to the multicomponent exercise program. In order to elucidate these aspects, this thesis was planned in 3 studies. The Study 1 entitled "Complexity of knee extensor torque: effect of aging and contraction intensity" aimed to investigate the effects of aging and the intensity of isometric contractions on the complexity of knee extensor torque. The results showed that although the knee extensor torque complexity is reduced in the elderly, its relation with the intensity of the contraction is similar to that of the young subjects. Study II entitled "Exercise training in older adults, what effects on muscle force control? A systematic review of randomized clinical trials" aimed to determine the magnitude of the effects of different modalities of physical training on muscle force control variables in older adults, through a systematic review of the literature. The results of this study showed that physical training has a beneficial effect on older adults’ muscle force control. Study III entitled "Effectiveness of a multicomponent training on muscle force control in pre-frail older adults: a blinded randomized controlled trial" aimed to investigate the effectiveness of a multicomponent training program in improving the functional capacity and the complexity of the torque of the patients. knee extensors in pre-frail elderly. The results of this study showed the effectiveness of the multi-component exercise program in improving knee extensor torque complexity and gait speed in pre-frail elderly.
Estudo de inibidores naturais e sintéticos de cisteíno proteases
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-11-30) Silva, Taynara Lopes; Brömme, Dieter; Vieira, Paulo Cezar; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8923844563320377; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9412487106628965
This work describes in its first part the chemical study of the fungus Fusarium proliferatum looking for inhibitors of cysteine proteases, with two distinct approaches: i) The search for papain inhibitors, to understand the chemoecological interaction between plants rich in proteases and micro-organisms that can infect them; ii) the isolation of compounds that are possible human cysteine protease inhibitors. Nine metabolites were isolated, with beauvericin being the major compound in the extracts. This compound showed inhibitory activity against papain with IC50: 25.2 μM. In addition, beauvericin also showed inhibitory activity of two human cysteine proteases, CatV with IC50: 40.6 μM and CatB with IC50: 6.8 μM. In the second part of the study, synthetic compounds were evaluated for inhibition of cathepsin K. This enzyme is also a cysteine protease, papain-like, and is directly associated with the bone resorption process, where high CatK activity is related to bone diseases such as osteoporosis. Sixteen new synthetic compounds were evaluated, which presented moderate activities, low micro molar, against of CatK, using two approaches to search for inhibitors: i) inhibition of active site and ii) inhibition of exosites of enzyme. The compounds evaluated belong to three different classes, being epoxy-α-acyloxycarboxamide, epoxy-α-acylaminocarboxamide and quinolines phthalonitriles. An initial screening was performed to verify the activity of the inhibitors, then verified the potency of these inhibitors and the compounds that presented the best inhibitory activities were submitted to studies of the mechanisms of action. Molecular docking studies were also performed to understand the interactions between the protein and the inhibitor evaluated. The evaluated compounds showed moderate inhibitory activity, with the phononitriles being the ones with the highest potency, with IC50: 1.5 μM approximately. The compounds evaluated were identified as incompatible CatK inhibitors.
Escolarização de crianças com fissura lábio palatina
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-11-30) Silva, Glorismar Gomes da; Gil, Maria Stella Coutinho de Alcântara; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1673770301699940; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3590264629811020
The Cleft Lip and Palate (CLP) are congenital malformations affecting the facial region, whose cleft or opening communicates the oral and nasal regions, causing air leak through the nose and hypernasalized voice. It is frequent in our population and the prevalence of one child per 650 births. The schooling of children is not well-explored scientifically and educational demands of these students have remained on the sidelines of the debate about inclusive education. Studies and research on CLP treat predominantly clinical, functional and malformat on rehabilitation aspects. This study questions: Do the sequels generated by the orofacial malformations, the long surgical and rehabilitation process by which a person with CLP goes through, impact directly their social relations, the development of the child and, consequently, their schooling process? This study aims at identifying the educational needs of the child with CLP in the schooling period that includes the early childhood education and the early years of elementary school and characterize the school experience of these children. To this end, three studies were carried out. Study 1- academic production on the child's schooling with CLP bibliographic survey to identify school-related aspects of people with CLP. Study 2 - sample characterization of children with CLP in age of initial schooling: survey using the medical records of the HRAC-USP. Study 3 - Children with CLP in school: their voices and the speeches of mothers and of teachers: children with CLP, their mothers and teacher were interviewed about the child´s school life. The results of the three studies indicated a shortage in academic production of studies on schooling of children with CLP in the school context. In relation to the sample of 300 medical records of the children, in the age group from 4 to 16 years of age, the research found out that the majority of the were male (61,3%), went through 3 to 4 surgeries, were white (98%), missing data on age/schooling gap. In the third study, the interview analysis revealed the participants' lack of knowledge about CLP; the satisfaction of mothers with the schooling and sociability of their children; at the same time, the difficulties of mothers and teachers to recognize the impact of FLP's consequences on communication and behavior of children, as well as the consequences for schooling, were identified. According to the results of the three studies, it can be inferred that there is still a lack of knowledge about schooling of children with CLP and its implications for school life, as well as limits of research in the educational literature on this population. With the present study, it was intended to bring the theme to the scope of the National Policy of Special Education and to the context of the schools. It is necessary, therefore, to expand the research in the area that contemplate this population, in order to fulfil the social role of the school to meet the diversity of students with a quality education and focused to meet the educational needs of all.