Navegando por Data de Publicação, começando com "2018-12-06"

Filtrar resultados por ano ou mês

Agora exibindo 1 - 6 de 6

Geografia para todos: linguagem cartográfica tátil na sala de aula comum
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-12-06) Giehl, Fabiana Cristina; Denari, Fátima Elisabeth; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5575213011914394; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6067769643299024
In the current scenario of basic education, the training of teachers in classrooms after the policy of inclusive education stands out. These teachers are not always prepared to help students with disabilities and are facing challenge. With the teachers of Geography, it has not been different. In order to contribute to this teaching, and more specifically to the teaching of map reading, the present thesis has as general objective: analyze the effects of the educational program of introduction to the Tactile Cartographic Language, when applied in the context of the common classroom with students with visual impairment. The specific objectives are: identify if the teacher participating in the intervention had in its training access to subjects that deal with subjects and discussions about students with disabilities; verify the teacher's knowledge about tactile mapping; investigate the existence of possible proposals of cartographic education developed by the teacher regent with the participating students in the common classroom; ascertain the students' understanding of the reading of maps and their main elements (scale, legend, orientation, rose of the winds, title); investigate whether the students had already had contact with maps and tactile maps, and what is the students' knowledge about maps; describe the process of application of the educational program of introduction to the Tactile Cartographic Language. Therefore, qualitative exploratory research of a descriptive nature was carried out, characterized by an intervention. The research has the following number of Certificate of Presentation for Ethical Appraisal -CAAE, 54507116.4.0000.5504, and approval opinion N ° 1,543,820. Participants were: a teacher regent, a support teacher, two students with blindness and students without visual restrictions. The field research was developed with students from the fourth grade of elementary school I, following the procedures: identification of students with blindness who study in elementary school I; application of an open questionnaire with the participating teacher; conducting a survey with students; development of the educational program of introduction to the tactile cartographic language; conducting a new survey with students; and interview with the participating teacher. For this, the following data collection instruments were used: open questionnaire, survey, interview, field diary and intervention program. Data were submitted to descriptive analysis. The development of this study showed that the educational program of introduction to the tactile cartographic language and introduction to map reading can and should be developed by teachers with all the students in the common classroom. In addition, the lack of preparation of the teachers of the common teaching in front of the school inclusion of students with deficiency was evidenced.
Implementação de unidade de processo para geração de energia empregando vinhaça e integração na biorrefinaria de produção de etanol
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-12-06) Longati, Andreza Aparecida; Furlan, Felipe Fernando; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4136352953168873; Cruz, Antonio José Gonçalves da; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1812806190521028; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9459400761222720
The biofuels production is a promising alternative for decreasing fossil fuels dependency globally. Great efforts have been made in the search for energy optimization of the biofuel production process, in order to improve its sustainability and productivity. In Brazilian biorefineries sugar, ethanol, and electricity are produced from sugarcane. However, a considerable fraction of the energy from sugarcane (as organic matter) remains in vinasse. The anaerobic digestion (AD) of vinasse is a promising alternative, since it allows the recovery of energy (as biogas) while promote the reduction of its polluting organic load. In this context, the aim of this work was to evaluate different scenarios for the use of the biogas produced from vinasse in the AD of sugarcane vinasse. Also the biorefinery concept in the sugar-energy sector is introduced. First, it was used the Retro-Techno Economic Analysis (RTEA) approach. It consists of choosing the most important variables of the process and finding their threshold values and the correlation between them. The methodology was able to identify the main variables that affect the process global economic performance: enzyme load in the cellulose hydrolysis reactor, cellulose-to-glucose, and xylose-to-ethanol yields. Windows of feasible operation are the graphical output of the methodology, outlining regions to be further explored experimentally. Then, the biogas production from the vinasse in AD plants was investigated. Single- and two-phase AD systems were evaluated using technical, economic, and environmental aspects. It was assessed the use of biogas as a source of energy for the cogeneration system and as an energy source in an bagasse industrial dryer. The results showed that the AD system with two-phase presented higher biogas production for both biorefineries, 1G and 1G2G, resulting in higher eletricity production in both cases. In addition, in the 1G2G processes, the surplus energy provided by the use of biogas allowed more bagasse to be diverted to the 2G ethanol production, increasing the process productivity. The methodology identified the main variables that affect the process global economic performance of the AD plants: hidraulic retention time, conversion and the CH4 fraction in the biogas for the AD plants with single-phase. For AD plants with two-phase system the variables were: hidraulic retention time of the reactors (acidogenic and methanogenic) and biogas yield. The use of the biogas as an energy source of the bagasse dryer presented economic positive results in wide ranges of variation. In the environmental assessment, the use of biogas showed a smooth decrease in the environmental impacts compared to the conventional process and the 1G2G process presented the better results for most of environmental impacts categories compared to the 1G process. The results indicate that the use of biogas is a promising technology. Its production and use is responsible for improving the productivity and environmental impacts of the plant.
Modelagem conjunta de dados longitudinais e de sobrevivência para avaliação de desfechos clínicos do parto
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-12-06) Maiorano, Alexandre Cristovão; Louzada Neto, Francisco; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0994050156415890; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1457616145396499
As most pregnancy-related deaths and morbidities are clustered around the time of child birth, the quality of care during this period is crucial for mothers and their babies. To monitor the women at this stage, the partograph has been the central tool used in recent decades and, motivated by its simplicity, is frequently used in low-and middle-income countries. However, its use is highly questioned due to lack of evidence to justify a contribution to labor. To improve the quality of labor in these circumstances, the BOLD project has been developed in order to reduce the occurrence of pregnancy-related problems and in order to develop a modern tool, called SELMA, which is projected as an alternative to partograph. Aiming to associate fixed and dynamic characteristics evaluated in the delivery and to identify which elements can be used as triggers for performing an intervention, and thus preventing a bad outcome, this thesis proposes the use of survival models with time dependent covariates. Initially, we consider the joint modeling of survival and longitudinal data using flexible parametric hazard functions. In this sense, we propose the use of five generalizations of Weibull distribution, the Nagakami model and an inedited framework to discriminate usual parametric models via the generalized Gamma distribution, performing an extensive simulation study to evaluate the maximum likelihood estimations and the proposed discrimination criteria. Indeed, by its own nature, the birth leads us to a context of multiple events, referring to the use of multi-state models. These are models for a stochastic process which at any time occupies one of a few possible states. In general, they are the most common models to describe the development of longitudinal failure time data and are often used in medical applications. Considering this context, we proposed the inclusion of a time dependent covariate in the multi-state model using a modified version of the input data, which gave us satisfactory results similar to those expected in clinical practice.
Extensão universitária na Universidade Federal de São Carlos: (des)encontros com a educação popular
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-12-06) Cunha, Ana Luiza Salgado; Montrone, Aida Victoria Garcia; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9011731777978672; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6780096540741535
This research investigated educational processes that emerge from the relationship between subjects through the University Extension. The choice of the theme was due to the understanding that the dialogical relationship between subjects in the groups of University Extension can be configured as a formative process that seeks to overcome the inequalities and the discriminations of historically oppressed subjects, based on strategies of resistance , struggle and emancipation in approaches to Popular Education. The purpose of this research was to describe and understand experiences of University Extension groups in processes of knowledge construction and their ( dis ) encounters with Popular Education. The methodology used was based on a bibliographical review regarding the production of knowledge in thematic on University, University Extension and Popular Education that allowed us to build the theoretical basis of this thesis. Through a mapping of the University Extension profile at the Federal University of São Carlos, we were able to build an archeology of this University in 2016 and, from this mapping, to find coordinators and coordinators of extension projects with whom we dialogued in the form of an interview.The analysis of data was done by Content Analysis, leading us to organize the data into four broad categories: A -pertainment and involvement; B- University Extension as a concept under construction; C- social extensionist practice and the educational processes that emerge from it; and D- Popular Education: Extension as praxis of (a) people of transformation. The results pointed to the strength of the Brazilian public university as a social, formative and formative institution, giving clues to the strengthening of Popular Education through University Extension. Also, they pointed out that the University Extensionpraxis produce educational processes. The results also show the possibility of reconfiguring the university curricula in which University Extension can be orientated from the perspective of the experience as a social formative practice, d we stationed the University Extension as a medium-activity of the University, a teacher - training center for students, teachers, technicians and community people. Another point is the UFSCar's commitment to areas still known as alternatives, with a considerable opening of the institution to other proposals for building knowledge. Still, we find a complexity of definitions of University Extension, a result of the social-historical process, which gives it plural character and multiple functions. On the meeting of the University Extension with Popular Education, this study pointed to the second as an educational praxis that values knowledge of the people and their realities, implying a better reading of social, political and economic reality. All the notes corroborate with the thesis that the University Extension, in its encounters with Popular Education, produces educational processes for another possible, horizontal and dialogical world.
Uma abordagem para criação de máquinas de transformações de KDM para PSM
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-12-06) Armijo, Guisella Clara Angulo; Camargo, Valter Vieira de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6809743774407662; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2292043446906539
Business needs compel companies to modernize their systems, but changes in legacy systems are complex and costly because the legacy code has programming logic, design decisions, user requirements, and business rules that are difficult to extract. In this context, OMG created Architectural Modernization (ADM), making it possible to model all the artifacts of the legacy system as models and establishing transformations between the different levels of abstraction. ADM is a type of software reengineering that employs standard models throughout the process and handles the entire system architecture. The main metamodel is the Knowledge Discovery Metamodel (KDM), which is an independent language and platform model capable of representing various aspects of a software system. Although a significant number of researches can be found in the reverse engineering phase of ADM, little can be found in relation to the forward engineering; especially in the generation of platform-specific models (PSM) from the KDM. This phase is essential because it belongs to the final part of the ADM horseshoe cycle, completing the entire automated reengineering process. However, the lack of research and the lack of support of available tools hinder ADM adoption in practice. In order to contribute to the advanced engineering phase of ADM, in this project a tool called RUTE-K2J was developed, which is a transformation engine to generate a Java Model from a KDM model. In addition, from this practical experience, a process was developed to support modernization engineers both in (i) creating KDM transformation mechanisms for any other PSM and (ii) in the evolution of RUTE-K2J towards a more stable transformation mechanism and complete. The tool RUTE-K2J was evaluated with a test strategy that considered typical software scenarios in order to validate the correctness of the transformation rules that make up the engine.
Diferentes abordagens para o manejo das águas pluviais e seus impactos no ciclo de vida em loteamento de interesse social
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2018-12-06) Santos, Maria Fernanda Nóbrega dos; Barbassa, Ademir Paceli; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2979012440240781; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1449833021119145
Stormwater-derived problems in urban settlements are occurring more frequently and intensely, particularly in developing countries, where cities are growing without planned implementation. Coupled with the current water quality decline, this makes it more urgent to reconsider the way in which stormwater management is conceived and implemented in urban allotments. In this context, strategies proposed by low impact development (LID) integrated approach, stand out as an alternative to conventional systems. LID promotes stormwater management aligned with urban planning and, as a main goal, regulates hydrological processes in their origin. However, if minimized impact on urban basins is one of the fundamental purposes of stormwater management systems, it will be necessary to consider the wider implications when choosing the most appropriate approach. This study’s objective is to develop a multidimensional evaluation (hydrological, environmental, and economic) from a life cycle perspective, which should make it possible to compare different strategies for stormwater management in urban settlements. As such, an area located in the municipality of São Carlos/SP (the settlement Américo Alves Margarido) was used as a study object and three scenarios of occupation and stormwater management systems were designed: Scen.CONV, a conventional urbanization plan and storm-sewer drainage-system; Scen.WELL, a conventional urbanization plan associated with the use of infiltration wells to disconnect lots; and Scen.LID, which uses structural (vegetative swales and infiltration trenches) and nonstructural strategies (such as land use/imperviousness coefficients and urban changes). For a comparative analysis, these scenarios were modeled in storm water management model (SWMM), and both life cycle assessment (LCA), and life cycle costing (LCC) were performed. According to the results, hydraulic-hydrologic modeling indicated a decrease of 60% in the peak flow of Scen.WELL compared to Scen.CONV, potential impact per m³ of stormwater volume managed in Scen.Well that was 51–65% lower, and costs per m³ that were 54–58% lower than in Scen.CONV. In Scen.LID it was possible to achieve pre-development conditions, with a decrease of 100% in the peak flow compared to Scen.CONV. Scen.LID costs per m³ were 71–79% lower, and potential impacts per m³ 74–82% lower than in Scen.CONV, also for all impact categories.