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Boas práticas científicas na elaboração de planos de gestão de dados
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019) Guandalini, Clara Alcina; Simionato, Ana Carolina; Furnival, Ariadne Chloe Mary; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7490318108288038; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9896600626524397; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1291482506649810
As instituições e as agências de pesquisa vêm exigindo uma conduta no contexto da agenda em prol da Ciência Aberta. Sendo que, a elaboração de um Plano de Gestão de Dados pode ser caracterizada como um procedimento inicial para o desenvolvimento da pesquisa científica, documento que propõe ao pesquisador gerenciar os dados brutos de sua pesquisa, valorizando o compartilhamento em conjunto com a abertura dos dados e seu reuso em benefício aos pesquisadores e à sociedade. Diante disso, o objetivo desse trabalho foi verificar a elaboração de um Plano de Gestão de Dados como parte das novas condutas para as boas práticas na pesquisa científica. A pesquisa caracterizou-se como exploratória, empregou-se métodos documentais e bibliográficos para a identificação, coleta e sistematização das informações. Os resultados visaram a disponibilidade desse documento em repositórios de dados abertos e a relação das instituições de ensino superior, agências financiadoras e pesquisadores com o levantamento de ações que são realizadas na criação e desenvolvimento de Plano de Gestão de Dados, principalmente para o desenvolvimento de políticas institucionais para o gerenciamento dos dados de pesquisa, porém, respeitando também as áreas do conhecimento, visto que nem todos os dados são gerados do mesmo modo. Por fim, considera-se a presença de um novo paradigma na publicação e divulgação científica, o que influencia também sua comunicação, seja com o meio acadêmico ou com a sociedade.
The anti-authoritarian role of dystopias: reflections on Érico Veríssimo’s novel Incident in Antares
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019) Roitberg, Guilherme Prado; Baptista, Fabiana Maria; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3993968379492241
The aim of this article is to analyze the relevance of dystopias in the critique to authoritarianism present in the novel Incident in Antares written by Érico Veríssimo. After presenting the main characteristics of utopian thought and dystopia as a literary genre, we investigate how Veríssimo denounced through his dystopian society the deepest contradictions of a country historically plagued by coups d’état and military dictatorships. The article also aims to demonstrate how prevailing Veríssimo’s criticism is, especially regarding to the permanence of authoritarian thought, social inequalities and violations of human rights in Brazil.
A lei da biodiversidade e a relativização dos conhecimentos tradicionais para a inovação
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019) Sabrina, Carvalho Verzola; Furnival, Ariadne Chloe Mary; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2741060362395149; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1291482506649810
A biodiversidade constitui-se como elemento essencial no processo de produção e do desenvolvimento científico nas Instituições Científicas, Tecnológicas e de Inovação (ICTs). Além dos instrumentos legais pertinentes à tutela jurídica para a conservação e preservação do meio ambiente, deve ser analisada a questão referente à repartição de benefícios às comunidades tradicionais no tocante ao produto ou processo baseado nos saberes que estão elencados em projetos de pesquisa ou produtos que são comercializados por empresas ou ICTs no mercado de consumo, que podem ser objeto do sistema de patentes ou de inovações.
Circuito Oscilador para Tratamento Térmico de Ligas Aço Carbono Através de Aquecimento Indutivo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019) Barcellos, Davi Fienni; De Francisco, Carlos Alberto; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1246572405382250; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0566480536064423
The work described here aimed at the design of an inductive heating oven using a new methodology, by using a natural oscillating circuit that, by means of an induction coil, generates the magnetic field that will heat the inserted workpiece inside. The workpiece adopted for the heat treatment in this work is a carbon steel alloy known as Steel 5160. For the construction of the system, the dependence of the metal composition on the heating temperature and the behavior of the induced eddy currents were taken into account. This work presents: the circuit topology used; the proposed design methodology; the design of the induction coil, where the shape, number of turns and the space between the coil and the part are essential for efficient system operation; the heating curve obtained through the complete tempering of the end of a key and a nail, and the efficiency of the system, making a quick comparison of the results obtained in relation to other research. The final prototype assembled was low-cost; low complexity and high versatility.
Relação entre estado nutricional e desempenho cognitivo de idosos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-01-10) Cardoso, Juliana de Fatima Zacarin; Orlandi, Fabiana de Souza; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7395879552721664; Pavarini, Sofia Cristina Iost; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1983620301963081; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0708891632778178
With the longevity of the population increases the prevalence of cognitive alterations in the elderly at the same time that the nutritional state also undergoes changes. The objective of this research was to verify cognitive factors associated to the poor nutritional status of the elderly attended in the primary health care services of a city in the interior of São Paulo. This is a cross-sectional study, with descriptive, correlational and association analyzes performed with a sample composed of 234 participants. The data were collected in the homes of the elderly and were used: Instrument of sociodemographic characterization, Mini Evaluation of the Nutritional State-MAN, Addenbrooke-ACE-R Cognitive Exam, and International Questionnaire of Physical Activity - IPaq. The results showed that the majority of the sample consisted of women (67.9%), with a mean age of 69.55 years, married or living with partners (59.4%). The majority of the elderly evaluated presented signs of cognitive impairment (54.3%) and adequate nutritional status (85.5%). Older people with inadequate nutritional status (malnourished or at risk of malnutrition) presented worse performance in the cognitive evaluation, when compared with the elderly with adequate nutritional status. There was a positive correlation between MAN scores and cognitive tests (ACE-R total: 0.339; r <0.001; Attention and Guidance: 0.220; r = 0.001; Memory: 0.333; r <0.001; Verbal Fluency: 0.268; <0.001; Language: 0.258; r <0.001; Visuo-spatial: 0.278; r <0.001). Among the factors associated with nutritional status, the analyzes showed that global cognitive performance (p = 0.001) and all cognitive domains: Attention and Guidance (p = 0.001), Memory (p = 0.002), Verbal Fluency ), language (p = 0.008) and visuospatial ability (p <0.001) were positively associated with nutritional status. Insufficient practice of physical activity and use of more medications were negatively associated with nutritional status. It is concluded, therefore, that the cognitive performance is correlated to the nutritional state, being that the global cognitive performance and the specific domains present as protective factors to the nutritional state.
Multiferroicity and structural anomalies in Quadruple Perovskite Manganites: case study (A)Mn7O12, A = Na and La
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-01-15) Gastaldo, Vinícius Pascotto; Gauzzi, Andrea; Oliveira, Adilson Jesus Aparecido de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4640148190073166; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0876908345581008
In this work we study the quadruple perovskite structure manganese oxides NaMn7O12 and LaMn7O12 under the point of view of multiferroicity, magnetoelectric coupling, and also structure anomalies on NaMn7O12. These studies range from the existence to the mechanism of the establishment of multiferroicity and coupling between ferroic orders in these materials. The driving force of the dynamic structural anomalies in NaMn7O12 are also studied with the goal of clarifying the mechanisms of structural distortion and how they relate to the onset of ferroic orders. The results of IXS and DXS experiments show interesting dynamical anomalies in NaMn7O12's structural transition, a softened phonon at the structural modulation wavevector that was shown to be related to diffuse x-ray peaks with a different wavevector point in the direction of competing distortions and that the Jahn-Teller mechanism driven distortion overcome its competitor. A ferroelectric transition was found simultaneous to anomalies in specific heat and magnetization in NaMn7O12. Magnetic hysteresis loops are quite wider in the ferroelectric phase. These properties are explained in function of a magnetoelectricity mediated antiferromagnetic domain wall ordering model. As for LaMn7O12, a ferroelectric transition at the B site antiferromagnetic transition temperature. Besides the particularities of each system, structural and magnetic properties imply that their ferroelectricity is of magnetic origin through the exchange striction mechanism.
Validação de protocolo para a assistência de enfermagem ao paciente no transoperatório de cirurgia cardiovascular com circulação extracorpórea
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-01-18) Albuquerque, Carla Lorenna Ferreira de; Machado, Regimar Carla; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1310723429860987; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6642594665041444
Objective: to construct and validate a protocol for the nursing care of the patient in the transoperative period of cardiopulmonary bypass with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). Method: methodological, quantitative study, developed in two stages referring to the construction and validation of the content of the protocol. The validation was performed using the Delphi technique in two rounds, with the participation of 14 experts as evaluators of each variable proposed in the protocol. The selection of experts was by snowball sampling. The items included in the instrument were evaluated using the Likert scale, with categories in four levels of importance and the selection of a single response for each analyzed variable, and by the analysis of the content of the instrument with the universal agreement of the index of content validity ( UA-IVC) and the Content Validity Index (CVI). Results: items related to surgical and patient room preparation, intraoperative care and report (intraoperative information) for the ICU were validated. The items obtained a mean score of 90% and UA-IVC concordance of 89%, in which eight items reached the 100% IVC and one the 93% IVC item; however, one item did not reach the IVC ≥80% being recommended the merger together with another item. Conclusion: the results of this study reflect the importance of the nurse's role in the implementation of a protocol with the purpose of guiding safe surgery practices that promote patient safety and effective communication within the context of cardiovascular surgeries.
Sensores inerciais móveis no rastreio e predição de risco de quedas em idosos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-01-18) Bet, Patrícia; Ponti, Moacir Antonelli; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5041497500746910; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0256435348164751
Background: The investment in acceleration sensor-based equipment as a fall prevention strategy can represent a viable option for the monitoring of the fall risk. However, more studies are needed on the analysis of such data, in particular for the prediction of future falls to be adopted for health care and prevention. Thus, the objective of this study is to investigate patterns for fall risk screening in the elderly with no recent history of fall, through three types of Timed Up and Go (TUG) tests using a single acceleration sensor. Methods: A prospective study was conducted with 74 healthy elderly non-fallers using waist acceleration sensors while performing three variations of the TUG. After evaluation at baseline, the occurrence of falls (outcome) was monitored quarterly during one year. We investigate frequency features extracted from the accelerometry signal and their ability to predict falls. Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare the groups. Besides, analyze of accuracy, sensitivity and specificity were performed. Results and Discussion: The best individual feature result shows an accuracy of 0.75, sensitivity of 0.71 and specificity of 0.76. A fusion of the three best features increases the sensitivity to 0.86. Statistical difference was found in the whole accelerometry data, without any type of processing, for three, six, nine and twelve months of follow-up. The cut-off points of the TUG seconds did not demonstrate adequate sensitivity for community-dwelling elderly. Conclusions: The results confirms previous evidence that accelerometer features can better fall risk, and support potential applications that try to infer falls risk in less restricted scenarios, even in a sample stratified by age and gender composed of active community-dwelling elderly.
Revestimento cutâneo de Cianocrilato para pacientes submetidos à cirurgia cardiotorácica: revisão sistemática da literatura
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-01-18) Von Jakitsch, Camila; Machado, Regimar Carla; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1310723429860987; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8228170271475309
Objective: To compare the effectiveness of conventional dressings and / or sutures with cyanoacrylate coatings for the reduction of mediastinitis rates in cardiothoracic surgeries. Methods: Systematic review of the literature conducted according to the recommendations of the Cochrane Handbook. The PRISMA protocol was used as a guide for the systematic review. We searched for randomized controlled trials with no limitations on language and year of publication in the following databases: Latin American and Caribbean Literature in Health Sciences (LILACS), Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System (Medline), Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), National Library of Medicine (PubMed), Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), Virtual Health Library (VHL), Web of Science, Science Direct, Central Cochrane Library and Repository of Gray Literature using the controlled and uncontrolled descriptors. It was also searched in the gray literature, in ANAIS of Congresses, in specific bases on the studied subject and in the references of the references with the purpose of exhausting the literature. Prior to the data analysis, a bias risk control form was used. Results: Four studies (2092 participants) aged 45 to 81 years who used cyanoacrylate in sternotomies were included in order to reduce mediastinitis rates. The studies were consistent with the proposed outcomes and presented a low risk of bias in the areas of the Cochrane Collaboration bias risk table except in the areas of secrecy and masking, since the studies involved surgical procedures. The selected studies responded to the primary outcome of this study, namely reduction of mediastinitis index with the use of cyanoacrylate, but did not respond to proposed secondary outcomes that were reduced hospitalization time and reduced treatment costs. Conclusions: The use of cyanoacrylate based coatings is equivalent to traditional skin preparation in cardiac surgeries, as it does not significantly influence the incidence of Surgical Site Infection (ISC). However, the use of cyanoacrylate decreased the incidence of SSI in groups more prone to infection, namely: elderly patients with chronic diseases (systemic arterial hypertension, Diabetes Mellitus or vascular diseases) and obese patients.
Extração de quitosana a partir de resíduo de camarão e seu efeito sobre leveduras do bioetanol
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-01-18) Tanganini, Isabella Carvalho; Shirahigue, Ligianne Din; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2928453072274366; Ceccato-Antonini, Sandra Regina; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7600793543184032; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3137033888108821
Chitosan is a biopolymer widely used in agriculture and in the food, medical and pharmaceutical industries. It is obtained by the deacetylation of chitin, extracted from the carapace of crustaceans or fungal mycelia. Despite its potential as an antimicrobial agent, chitosan is still not used in the bioethanol industry to control process contaminant yeasts. Dekkera bruxellensis is an opportunistic yeast of great interest to the wine industry and fermentation processes for ethanol production in Brazil, and its control becomes necessary. In this context, the objective of this work was to obtain chitosan from shrimp residues by bacterial fermentation and subsequent chemical deacetylation and to evaluate its inhibitory effect on yeasts from bioethanol production. The bacterial fermentation was carried out in optimized concentrations of residue, inoculum and glucose aiming at higher production of acids. The chitin deacetylation process to obtain chitosan was done by the autoclave method, at 121 oC and 1 atm, using 45% sodium hydroxide. Chitin and chitosan obtained were characterized by infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential thermal analysis (TG-DTA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The effect of the obtained chitosan (natural) and a commercial chitosan on the growth of D. bruxellensis and an industrial strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (PE-2) was evaluated in sugar cane broth and YPD culture medium. The effect of adding 500 mg/L of natural chitosan to the fermentation in sugar cane broth in co-cultivation with D. bruxellensis was also evaluated. In the chitin extraction by lactic fermentation step, the conditions of higher acid production were 10% (v/v) inoculum of L. plantarum and 100 g / L of glucose. At the concentration of 5% (m/v) residue, the best results were obtained in the fermentation to obtain chitin, producing 23.09 g of lactic acid / 100 mL. The demineralization rate was 77% and deproteinization was 43%. Infrared spectra (FTIR) confirmed the presence of chitin and chitosan in the samples after fermentation and after deacetylation respectively, with 80% deacetylation degree. X-ray diffractograms showed the crystallinity profile of the samples, with chitin being more crystalline. Thermogravimetric analysis showed higher thermal stability of natural chitosan compared to commercial chitosan. Both commercial chitosan and natural chitosan reduced the maximum specific growth rate (μmax) of both yeasts and caused an increase in the lag phase of D. bruxellensis in 6 and 3.5 hours, respectively, at the concentration of 500 mg / L. The same was not observed in S. cerevisiae. This concentration of natural chitosan when added to the fermentation reduced the number of D. bruxellensis in approximately 1 log cycle after 12 hours, with minor effect in S. cerevisiae population. The fermentative efficiency was 22% higher when compared to the fermentation without chitosan. The natural chitosan obtained under the conditions of this work presents as potential antimicrobial to be used in the fermentation for the production of ethanol fuel to control the contaminating yeast D. bruxellensis, without interference in the process.
Desenvolvimento de sensores eletroquímicos baseados em nanomateriais de carbono para detecção de diquat em amostras ambientais e tadalafila em amostras farmacêuticas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-01-22) Zambianco, Naiara Alana; Zanin, Hudson Giovani; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3846529974544709; Janegitz, Bruno Campos; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7746094938977989; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9258595139055239
In this work two electrochemical sensors were proposed based on carbon nanomaterials for detection of diquat and tadalafil. For the first was proposed a surface modification of glassy carbon electrode with manioc starch and nanodiamonds dispersion. The other sensor was based on a film of vertically aligned carbon nanotubes with a copper plate like substrate. The glassy carbon electrode modified with nanodiamonds and manioc starch film was characterized electrochemical and morphological characteristics through techniques such as cyclic voltammetry, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and x-ray diffraction to understand the electrochemical behavior of the film. Many techniques were analyzed regarding the behavior and quantification of diquat, however, the technique that presented the highest peak current was the square wave voltammetry. After the choice of chemical and electrochemical parameters, was constructed an analytical curve with a linear range of 5.0×10−7 to 4.6×10−5 mol L −1. The limit of detection was 1.1×10−7 mol L− 1. Water samples fortified with diquat were analyzed. In comparison to the works, the glassy carbon electrode modified with nanodiamonds and manioc starch film has a good linear range and a low limit of detection. For the second electrode was chosen for morphological characterization through images obtained by scanning electron microscopy, as well as transmission; in addition to electrochemical characterizations acquired by cyclic voltammetry from the potassium ferri/ferro-cyanide like redox probe. In order to study the electrochemistry of tadalafil were analyzed some voltammetric techniques like cyclic voltammetry, linear sweep voltammetry, differential pulse voltammetry and square wave voltammetry, especially the linear sweep voltammetry in which the device reached the highest anodic peak current. Optimizing the parameters, the analytical determination of tadalafil comprised a linear concentration range of 0.85 to 8.9×10−6 mol L−1 where the limit of detection was 7.8×10−8 mol L−1. The samples selected for validation of the device were drugs obtained from pharmacies in the city of Araras being a generic and a manipulated drug.
Direito à moradia adequada para a pessoa idosa de baixa renda: um estudo quanti-qualitativo sobre políticas públicas habitacionais no interior do estado de São Paulo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-01-22) Silva, Nayara Mendes; Monteiro, Luzia Cristina Antoniossi; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2890278808923978; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1791265073266957
It is alarming the speed with which the elderly population has been growing in recent years. Faced with this undeniable phenomenon, urban space has an increasing concentration of elderly. In this context, problems are intensifying and socio-spatial inequalities reduce the possibilities of achieving the right to adequate housing. Attentive to this question, the World Health Organization has launched in 2007 the "Global Age-friendly Cities: A Guide", which advocates actions based on eight main axes, in favor of accessible and coherent urban planning for the aging of the population. Thus, this research aimed to analyze the habitability conditions and the functional capacity of the residents of two exclusive condominiums for the elderly: Vila Dignidade and Recanto Feliz, both implemented through public policies for low income elderly people in the city of Araraquara-SP. This is a transversal, descriptive research based on the assumptions of the quanti-qualitative method, with exploratory fieldwork, through visits to housing estates, with the application of the following instruments: the Vancouver Protocol, same resource used in the development of the Global Guide Age-Friendly Cities and the BOMFAQ questionnaire to check participants' levels of independence. The quantitative data were analyzed by means of simple descriptive statistics and the qualitative ones, in the light of the theoretical reference. Were interviewed 40 residents (24 from Recanto Feliz and 16 from Vila Dignidade). As to functional capacity, it was found that Recanto Feliz elderly presented less functional impairment than those of Vila Dignidade. Regarding the analysis of the eight axes of the Vancouver Protocol, the location of the condominiums had an impact on the residents' perception of the city of Araraquara, but Vila Dignidade interviewees were more satisfied than Recanto Feliz, except in relation to their homes. Regarding accessibility conditions, it was identified aspects to be improved in both condominiums, internally, regarding the need for physical adaptations of Vila Dignidade housings, and externally, regarding the importance of improving the infrastructure in the Neighborhood Unit of Recanto Feliz. The results obtained, combined with the theoretical development developed in this study, provided support for the interpretation of what represents adequate housing and how much this aspect influences the quality of life of the elderly person, and consequently, the capacity to enjoy the urban space.
Proposta de modelo de gestão da pesquisa inovativa para programas de pós-graduação
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-01-24) Leite, Renato Cesar; Pessoa, José Dalton Cruz; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4212703554284544; Sousa, Cristina Paiva de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9002619114161319; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6977767063636144
Innovation and startup are words that represent the solutions to solve the major global problems. In general, some contitions were criated to explores economy utilizing courses and events. The innovation is a movement that: i) is aligned to knoledge Society and ii) incentivates the criative solutions to problems related to health, environment among others. The startup definition is the commercial innovation, justified by the necessity to generate jobs, principally to the students that leave Universities. The innovation and startup cause impact macroeconomic when attend the consumers necessities and/or generate new markets. In both cases, the frontiers are expanded. In Brazil, the innovative research is made mainly in graduate programs, with dissertations and thesis with potential to generate products to the Market. The graduation programs goal is to graduate the students and maintain the organizational infrastructure to this achieve the objective. To solve the dilema between the objective (evaluated by Capes) and expand the products to Society, some adaptations need to be done. This Thesis search for a solution to the question: how the make the management concerning the research programs in order to plot the Technologies directed to the market? The answer is a management model based in inovation and technology observation with i) planning; ii) coordenation and support to innovation and iii) education to the managers. The planning is the linked to the research project; the second is to executate in all develeping process and assuring the property of the Discovery. The third element is the education based on new knoledges, contacts and the supervisors, transforming the research in a successful new element.
Educação infantil e educação das relações étnico-raciais: motivações docentes, possibilidades e desafios nos centros de educação infantil de Sorocaba (SP)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-01-24) Garcia, Vanessa Ferreira; Santos, Maria Walburga dos; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2954227254025696; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9964848917453838
The present research has the objective of analyzing how the education of ethnic-racial relations are understood by the teachers of early childhood education in municipal schools in Sorocaba (SP). The research had a qualitative methodology and theoretical basis in the Studies of Childhood in Brazil; articulated with research on the education of ethnic-racial relations. The methodological stages occurred through questionnaires and semi-structured interviews on the education of ethnic-racial relations, focusing the motivational bases, possibilities and challenges in the implementation of practices of valorization to racial equality. Participants were teachers who work with children from zero to five years of age. Together with the bibliographical and documentary research of the goals set out in the Municipal Education Plan (2015 to 2025) and the Municipal Plan for Early Childhood (2016 to 2026), was made a cut of the current panorama of the city, in order to outline indicators on how education of ethnic-racial relations in children's education is articulated, the difficulties faced and the actions carried out by the teachers. The analysis of the data of the teachers indicates that deepening for actions, formations and collective proposals are considered as difficulties. In this context, actions for the promotion of racial equality occurred, for the most part, on the initiative of teachers who seek external materials and training with their own resources.
Separação de misturas no ensino fundamental: mapas conceituais e resolução de problemas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-01-24) Costa, Luís Felipe Souza Paulino da; Hartwig, Dácio Rodney; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2117484495394739; Rocha Filho, Romeu Cardozo; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5200717413563550; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5109453253600537
This professional master's work is focused on the following research question: "How and to what extent does the effect of concept maps on the solving of experimental problems related the separation of mixtures in junior high school?". Its objectives are: to qualitatively and quantitatively analyze concept maps developed by the students; to qualitatively and quantitatively analyze the solutions developed by the students for the experimental problems; to determine whether there are correlations between the concept maps and the solutions for the experimental problems developed by the students. All the work development, carried out with students from two private junior high schools, is based on the theory of meaningful learning, with emphasis on concept maps. An advance organizer was used, demonstrative classes were taught (using an instructional text), and a familiarization of the students with concept maps was done. Afterwards, the students developed concept maps related to the concepts involved in the resolution of six experimental problems, which were later solved by the students. The concept maps and problem solutions were qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed, aiming to determine whether there were correlations between them. The analysis of the concept maps was done comparatively to reference concept maps, organized according to the principles of the theory of meaningful learning (progressive differentiation and integrative reconciliation). A good correlation was found only between the results obtained in the concept maps and the solutions of the problems when the maps were linear. For the branched concept maps, the students had difficulty in the hierarchization of concepts, from more general concepts to less-specific ones, as well as in the integrative reconciliation; nevertheless, they presented an increasing performance along the resolution of the problems. Finally, the students (~50%) expressed themselves on the use of concept maps. According to the majority opinion, they are a facilitative tool for learning and for the organization of what is being learned, also being useful for other subjects.
Uma proposta contextualizada para o ensino médio: regressão linear
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-01-25) Sandre, Orlando Cesar; Venezuela, Antonio Luís; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8722224671269332
This work has as the main objective the teaching of Linear Regression contextualized to High School students. For this, it was elaborated a plan of teaching unity which has four class plans. The class plans are structured so that the student, through the data provided by the teacher, uses it to the analysis and the creation of tables and charts, determination of the linear regression line equation and the determination of linear correlation. The content which will be used is the High Scholl Statistics and Related Function. It will be presented three sets of data with diferent situations where the Linear Regression can be used. The first one is from a hospital where the data are the number of calls in one day and the average daily temperature. The second situation is in a company where it analyses the production and the number of worked hours. The third situation is an analysis of systolic pressure of women and their age. Like this, we look to show in three di erent situations the use of the Linear Regression, which can be adapted by the teacher according to the daily life of their students.
A influência de instituições e do arcabouço institucional na emissão de gases de efeito estufa
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-01-25) Tateishi, Henrique Ryosuke; Bragagnolo, Cassiano; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3604206454925741; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8219655367037064
This study investigated the effectiveness of the Kyoto Protocol (KP) in regards to the Greenhouse Gases (GHG) emissions reduction on the first and early second decades of 2000s. It has also taken into account the institutional, such as democracy and property rights levels and development impacts of a countries. Furthermore, it has proposed to analyze the economic performance of Gross Product Value output and the environmental performance concerning the GHG emissions employing a technical efficiency and an environment efficiency measures, respectively. Moreover, it has been proposed to verify the effect of institutional framework on these efficiencies. This study employed a difference in difference model to measure the KP effectiveness and a stochastic frontier analysis to estimate the economic and environmental performances. The results point out an overall low effectiveness of KP. Taking into account different groups of countries with similar characteristics of development or institutional quality, the effectiveness of KP was also low. Countries with low development, low urbanization area covered and high inequality tended to reduce its emissions considering the time difference. Countries with high property rights and democracy level tended to increase the emissions over time. The effect of KP ratification was positive (reduced emissions) for the countries with average institutional and development levels. However, the effect of ratification was negative on the extremes: lowest and highest institutional quality and development levels. The main driver of economic output was capital input and the level of economic output presented a higher share in GHG emissions than the non-renewable energy utilization. The overall economic performance was higher than overall environmental performance. The analysis of the impact of institutional framework on efficiencies suggests mixed results.
Adoção de práticas de intensificação sustentável na olericultura da Serra Fluminense: uma análise a partir dos recursos e capacidades
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-01-28) Leite, Antonio Edson; Souza Filho, Hildo Meirelles de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3740950346967524; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4754260090833830
Issues related to the sustainability of productive activities have been the subject of many discussions in various sectors. Agriculture is not excluded from this situation, as resource depletion tends to hamper increased production. In order to meet growing demand, it is essential to adopt technologies and practices that minimize the effects of the farm and also increase productivity in the exploited areas. In this context, the concept of sustainable intensification of production emerges. According to this approach, food security in the future depends on the use of practices and technologies to reconcile increased soil fertility, more efficient use of nutrients and increased food supply. Previous research has sought to identify the factors that may lead to the adoption of sustainable intensification practices (PIS) in agriculture, however, few studies have been devoted to this topic within the olericultura. In view of this reality, the present research sought to identify the determinants of the adoption of practices of sustainable intensification in the olericultura based on a theoretical framework based on the View Based on Resources (VBR) and on the dynamic capabilibities. To do so, a survey was carried out with 213 farmers from the mountainous region of Rio de Janeiro, and the data were collected between April and May 2015. The results obtained by the analyzes allowed to identify that the adoption of PIS depends on the strategic choices of the producers in relation to the intended market. However, such choices can only be successful when producers have the necessary production resources, including machinery and equipment, as well as the capabilities built into them. It can also be concluded that the management capabilities stimulated by the strategic choices, from courses and organizational learning, allow a better allocation of resources and the reconfiguration of routines, making possible the adoption of PIS by olericultores.
Adaptação curricular em atividades de leitura e escrita para alunos com deficiência intelectual na perspectiva colaborativa
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-01-31) Muniz, Joice Daiane; Galvani, Márcia Duarte; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6866106661255961; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9126356340687228
The inclusion of students with intellectual deficiency is not only due to enrollment in the regular school system, but also to the guarantee of permanence and effective learning. Given this, there is a direction of actions for the school that can create and organize practices capable of effectively learning the school contents. In this sense, the general objective of the research was to evaluate adaptations in reading and writing content for students with intellectual deficiency in the collaborative perspective, while the specific objectives were: (a) characterize a pedagogical practice implemented by the teacher; (b) verify the profile of class students in reading and writing performance; (c) elaborate and apply a reading and writing intervention proposal based on the collaborative model and (d) check the effectiveness of the intervention proposal. The study included the teacher of the 2nd grade of Elementary School and her students, one of them with an intellectual deficiency report and her mother. The study was characterized as a collaborative research with qualitative focus. For this, a data collection happened in a state public school of the medium-sized city in the interior of the state of São Paulo-SP. To achieve the proposed objectives, the participants answered: (a) a semi-structured interview script for the teacher; (b) School Performance Test - SPT for students; (c) Interview script for the mother; (d) roadmap for an intervention proposal; (e) an intervention proposal evaluation questionnaire. Qualitative analysis was performed through the elaboration of categories, with the data obtained in the analyzes, as well as interviews and quantitative and qualitative analyzes with the data obtained through the School Performance Test – SPT. As for the results, it was found that the teacher encouraged the participation of students in class and that she was aware that the student with intellectual deficiency needed individualized attention, as well as different adaptations in the content worked and the way of teaching. It is still possible that the teacher does not make these adaptations for students with intellectual deficiency, because there is a parallel demand to the other students in the class. School performance in reading and writing skills showed that all students were at the same level, according to the School Performance Test - SPT. Respect for the elaboration of adapted curricular activities, was visible or the involvement of the teacher in all the meetings, as well as the planning of activities for the teaching and learning process of students with intellectual deficiency in the ability for reading and writing. In the evaluation procedure of the intervention proposal, it was noticed the participation of students with intellectual deficiency in classes and activities with greater autonomy and involvement. It was concluded, therefore, that these are recommended actions for in-service training for teachers on how to contemplate their curriculum adaptation planning to support the inclusion of students with intellectual deficiency.
Práticas de ensino etnicorraciais no currículo em ação no ensino fundamental I
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-02-01) Araújo, Natália Cristina Cabrera; Lima, Emília Freitas de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5515637339275988; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3770328469972366
The education of ethno-racial relations, the focus of this research, provided for the Law 10.639/2003, deals with the teaching of Afro-Brazilian and African history and culture emphasizing the importance of black culture in the formation of Brazilian society, and introducing in the school curriculum the theme of diversity and difference. Based on this, the general objective of this research is to understand how work is articulated with the education of ethno-racial relations, in order to identify practices that reveal the potential of overcoming prejudices and inequalities, in this sphere of social relations, in the curriculum in action in the Elementary School. The study was developed in a school unit of the municipal education system of the city of São Carlos, SP, through an intervention type research in which the researcher was also the teacher of the class. The intervention involved the activities developed during one semester, in 2017, in the class of 2nd year of Elementary School under the responsibility of the teacher-researcher. The activities carried out in the classroom were recorded in audio and registered in field diaries, constituting the data of the research. The research was based on theoretical references related to the intercultural perspective, to ethno-racial relations and to the curriculum. The organization of the data was based on episodes referring to both programmed and spontaneous activities, involving pedagogical practices that had aspects related to the theme in focus. The analysis of data and interlacing with the literature brought important considerations to the teaching practice and, above all, to the pedagogical work on the ethno-racial theme related to the black population in the curriculum in action in the intercultural perspective, which privileges the respect and appreciation of the "other" as well as mutual collaboration. In addition, it has been shown that it is possible to work pedagogically with ethno-racial relations in all curricular components in elementary school - initial years, either in a previously planned or spontaneous way, from situations generated in the curriculum in action. The paper also sought to show some possibilities for rethinking the ways of educating for diversity and reconstructing educational processes geared towards the excluded people, based on the idea that much of what went wrong with the world came from education anchored only in Eurocentric thought, without the due critical eye. Working ethno-racial in the intercultural approach is not to impose ideas or ideals, it is to propose ideas and ideals. It is listening to the voice and not giving the voice. It is giving oneself respect and not imposing respect. It is dialogue and not determination. Finally, to work in the perspective that we defend is: destabilize and reconstruct stereotyped concepts about the black people in our society and show that everything is learned through the act of education, because if we can learn to hate, we can also learn to respect.