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A bibliometria e a pesquisa interdisciplinar nas ciências ambientais
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-02-13) Romanelli, João Paulo; Boschi, Raquel Stucchi; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5774095142035730; Tanaka, Marcel Okamoto; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2768658925977757; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2406027035347454
In recent years, research results on Environmental Sciences have grown in complexity and proportion, and this has required from the scientists the capacity to synthesize information from different sources to support holistic analyzes and generate new knowledge. Bibliometric analysis appears in this context as an analytical tool with high potential to support the systematic synthesis of information and the analysis of the outptus of science. In this thesis, we seek to evaluate how bibliometric tools and methods can contribute to the generation of new knowledge and analysis of science, presenting five articles developed from topics of Environmental Sciences and its subfields. Specifically, in Chapter 1 we explored different forms of network analysis and introduced an unprecedented methodology of keyword analysis to detect research gaps in the area of Restoration Ecology. This same methodology was used in Chapter 2, where we investigated the research on the enzymes immobilization. We introduced spatial analysis resources to complement the discussion of network analysis and analyzed the dynamics of bibliometric indicators in different periods (27, 10 and 5 years). In Chapter 3, we emphasized country-stratified research, and through the co-occurrence criterion of keywords we present the main research topics on electronic waste management. In Chapter 4, two distinct focuses of study were presented: an applied research related to the restoration of ecosystems; and a practical and theoretical approach related to qualitative chemistry, intermediated by the Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) technique and by bibliometrics, respectively. In this chapter, we present a new perspective on the use of bibliometric indicators to support research. Finally, in chapter 5 we had the opportunity to work with the smallest database among the studies of this thesis, which generated several insights on the performance of the bibliometric indicators in "narrow" bases; which was analyzed under Ostrom's precepts on common forest management. From the perspective of bibliometrics scholars related to the non-LIS community (Library and Informations Science), we had as general objective: to discuss and synthesize information on the use of bibliometric indicators in the research of Environmental Science topics. The results indicate, for a great diversity of subjects, that the application of bibliometric tools is an effective way of revealing the current state of the research and its directions, which can favor the development of new studies and scientific production in Environmental Sciences.
Condições sensíveis à atenção primária como dispositivo de gestão do cuidado em saúde: a apropriação pelos usuários do SUS
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-02-13) Malvezzi, Edson; Ogata, Márcia Niituma; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3274294833403570; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8828325395421877
Despite advances in the last thirty years, the Brazilian public health system still faces impasses for its consolidation as a social policy to foster citizenship and the challenge of breaking with the traditional care model in the daily services. With the perspective of structuring new forms of care management, organization of supply and guarantee of continuity, the "ICSAP Project - hospitalizations for conditions sensitive to primary care" in the city of Campinas-SP was designed and implemented in 2012, which seeks to articulate and negotiate actions between the services of a specific territory, especially the basic health units and the hospital, in order to qualify and guarantee the access and continuity of the care of its users. Taking this initiative as an object, this research aims to analyze the perceptions of these users regarding their appropriation of public health policy, in particular the understanding, repercussions and participation in the processes of organization, operationalization and evaluation of the health system and services in which they are inserted. This is a qualitative study with a documentary survey and data collection through interviews with users, the results being systematized according to content analysis and discussed in the light of critical hermeneutics and the "Paidéia" reference. The findings demonstrate that users recognize the Unified Health System as a public policy, aiming to know their logic of operation and the benefits offered by their services when they need health care; in an analogous way, recognize and perceive the effects of the "ICSAP Project", especially for the institution of new practices in the care after hospital hospitalization episode in the basic units; however, it is evidenced that these users were not included in the institutional spaces of social participation for discussion, organization and evaluation of this initiative, as well as the health system in general, demonstrating that there are still challenges to their effective appropriations by society. From this scenario, it is hoped to contribute to the reflection in the different instances of this system, especially in Campinas, and in society in general, about the necessary expansion of the inclusion of users in the deliberative processes of both the "ICSAP Project" and in the organization of the health system.
Corpo, câmera e ação: oficinas de experimentação audiovisual com estudantes de ensino médio
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-02-13) Silva, Eduardo Luiz Corrêa da; Costa, Alan Victor Pimenta de Almeida Pales; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5414466437997230; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6871345288328401
This work is a reflection on the corporate and sonorous productions of students that appear in audiovisual devices during a semester in a discipline called Audiovisual Food Workshops. Reports on the formation of the body as practical, historical, cultural and social in distinct contexts are developed by space and time. We adopted the bibliographic research The chance to perceive different forms of production of the body. Historiographical research grounded the production of audiovisual images, conducting student workshops, allowing them to produce points of view and approaches, so that they could construct a creative and fabulous relationship with their daily lives. And from this perspective, audiovisual devices can respond to sensitive experience and act in a way that liberates discourses, understandings and possibilities of the world. After the realization and interpretation of the material produced in the Workshops, we were able to observe the use of audiovisual materials in school to help transform the processes in their teaching and development contexts about their forms of expression and feel the world.
Efeito do monitoramento por telefone de Intervenções Breves para uso de álcool e tabaco entre gestantes: ensaio clínico randomizado
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-02-13) Moura, Adaene Alves Machado de; Gonçalves, Angelica Martins de Souza; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6648011576049252; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2550889169359051
Objective: to test whether telephone monitoring adds to short-term alcohol and tobacco intervention among pregnant women. Method: This is a randomized, open, two-arm clinical trial. Data were collected at the Basic Health Units of São Carlos / SP and at the Reference Center for Women's Health in Ibaté / SP, from December 2017 to April 2018. All the pregnant women who sought these services were recruited, aged 18 or over and gestational age 12 to 30 weeks. The study was conducted in three phases: screening stage of alcohol and tobacco use; randomized clinical trial and post-test. For randomization, the participants were allocated to two groups: "Control Group" (received a brief intervention without monitoring); "Experimental Group" (received an intervention and two monitoring phone calls, for two weeks). In the post-test, the same variables measured in the pre-test were re-evaluated. The intervention was performed at the participants' home. For alcohol, an already validated protocol was used for brief interventions among pregnant women and, for tobacco, a strategy known as "5Rs strategy". The instruments used were: sociodemographic and obstetric questionnaire; Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT-C); Tolerance, Annoyed, Cut Down, Eye opener (T-ACE); Involvement screening test with alcohol, cigarette and other substances (ASSIST); and Fagerström Test. Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS), version 22.0, Epiinfo version 7.2 (for descriptive statistics), Kolmogorov-Smirnov test (to verify data distribution) and Wilcoxon's test (for comparison) were used to analyze the data. of averages before and after interventions). Results: 112 pregnant women, with a gestational age of 18 weeks, participated in the study. The mean age was 27.4 years. In the screening performed to verify alcohol consumption during gestation, 31 (27.6%) were positively tracked and included in the study. In relation to tobacco use, 13 (11.6%) were identified as smokers. The hypothesis of the study was confirmed only for alcohol use, because although there was a reduction in the consumption of the two groups observed, there was a significant difference (p-value <0.05) in the mean of the AUDIT-C and T-ACE in relation to pre and post-test (in which all the pregnant women in the experimental group remained abstinent during the period of the experiment). In relation to tobacco use, monitoring was not able to promote significant changes (p-value> 0.05) in the smoking behavior of pregnant women. However, there was a reduction in the mean of the ASSIST scores in both groups and in the Fagerström Test score only in the experimental group. Conclusion: it was evident that the monitoring of interventions, even by telephone, demonstrated the potential to cease and / or reduce alcohol consumption during pregnancy. For tobacco, there is a need for other intervention actions, in addition to monitoring. Health professionals, besides being able to intervene on the use of alcohol and tobacco among pregnant women, need to be able to monitor their intervention and to know possible ways to do so.
Análise dos processos de gestão do acesso hospitalar frente à acreditação
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-02-13) Rinaldi, Juliana Ranalli; Zem-Mascarenhas, Silvia Helena; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0185144417072417; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0225023507093907
Accreditation is a method of evaluation and certification, establishing standards and requirements to promote the quality and safety of care in health institutions. In Brazil, the National Accreditation Organization (ONA) is the responsible for the main accreditation methodology and uses as an evaluation tool the Brazilian Accreditation Manual. This process is voluntary and the main objective is to encourage health services to search, in an organized and systematic way, continuous improvement of its structure, processes and results. This study aimed to analyze the compliance of the procedures related to the subsection "Access management" of the above mentioned manual in relation to ONA’s level 1 accreditation requirements. It is a qualitative research, of descriptive nature of the exploratory type. For this work development, 4 stages have been settled and covered. In step 1 "detailing requirements", a semi-structured questionnaire with 259 items was prepared. In stage 2, "identification of the current situation" visits took place in the areas that have relation with the processes related to Access Management. In step 3, "compliance analysis", the responses for each item verified during the visits in the areas were analyzed, 38.6% (100 questions) of actions taken fulfilled the requirements and 61.4% (159 questions) of taken actions were non-conformities. Finally, in stage 4 "identification and prioritization of systemic nonconformities", a cross-sectional analysis of the most critical nonconformities (NC) in the organization has been performed. A matrix system base regarding Severity, Urgency and Tendency (GUT) has been created to stress the NCs occurrences and for matching the NCs in more than one area. The latter was regarded as systemic NCs. Furthermore, a score table was generated according to the increasing levels in severity from 1 to 5. 124 out of 159 NC items, were NC systemic and they corresponded to 78%, and 35 items were particular NC and corresponded to 22% of the questions. The results found in this research demonstrate that in an evaluation process, the hospital in this study would be deemed as not accredited due having not reached the percentage equal or higher to 70% of conformities, according to ONA’s 2018 manual. The research has made possible a diagnosis of the necessary actions for improvement of work processes related to Access Management, as well as a priority system for the problems in the matrix of severity, urgency and tendency with a ranking to guide the execution of actions. The collecting data instrument, which was elaborated following the details of the subsection requirements, can be used as a tool not only for the institution but also for other organizations that seek to learn the items to be verified in access management. It may also benefit evaluators under ongoing evaluation visits, once the developed instrument takes in account more accurate detail of ONA standard requirement. Finally, the present study has demonstrated the accreditation evaluation process as a helping device for hospitals management in the effort to improve health service practices by standardizing processes and improvement of healthcare programs.
Paralelização de algoritmos de busca de documentos mais relevantes na web utilizando GPUs
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-02-13) Gaioso, Roussian Di Ramos Alves; Senger, Hermes; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3691742159298316; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3536210071193629
Search engines are facing performance challenges because of the large number of documents and the increase of query loads in the Web environment. The success of a search engine is related to the ability of the query processing system to find documents that match the needs of information expressed in user queries in a short time interval. Despite the large amount of documents, users are more interested in fewer results in a query. This causes few documents to be highly relevant in most queries. DAAT dynamic pruning algorithms have been exploring the efficiency of query processing systems, avoiding wasting time sorting documents that are not likely to be relevant. To handle the scale and dynamics of user query traffic, query processing needs to make efficient use of hardware resources. The main objective of this doctoral thesis is to investigate the use of parallel computing in the process of identifying the most relevant documents to a given query in the GPU architecture. For this, strategies of parallelization of algorithms that aim to reduce the latency of response of a given query and to increase the flow of queries are proposed and evaluated in the GPU. The parallelization proposals are well suited to the category of DAAT algorithms and dynamic pruning algorithms. In the DAAT category, partitioning strategies are offered in a way that performs an investigation into the location of occurrences of the same document in the memory hierarchy of the GPU. At the level of dynamic pruning algorithms, threshold propagation policies among processors are proposed and the impacts generated on the efficiency of the parallel algorithms are analyzed. To verify efficiency in practice, the parallel proposals were implemented and tested in the Pascal GPU architecture and obtained a performance of 4x to 40x relative to the fundamental algorithms.