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Fútbol Callejero: processos educativos decorrentes de uma motricidade emergente
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-02-15)
Belmonte, Maurício Mendes
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Pazos-Couto, José Maria
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Gonçalves Junior, Luiz
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1324174147128430
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0737051120201744
Based on Epistemologies of the South perspective, this Thesis brings to the field of political-epistemological discussions the Fútbol Callejero (FC). Originated in 2001, at neighborhood Moreno (Buenos Aires-Argentina) it was configured as a methodology of Popular Education when Argentina was going through a deep economic crisis, with impoverished youths being the most affected. Keeping this scenario in mind, popular educator and former soccer player Fábian Ferraro identified the potential of football to bring youth together. His proposal sought to enable participants to incorporate dialogue as a practice for conflict resolution, as well as to encourage their protagonism in the process of fighting for their rights and interests. Thus, the Callejera Methodology present teams composed by boys and girls (mixed); matches played in three periods; the participants make agreements on the rules that will guide each match; in addition to the goals, points are also assigned to attitudes related to Respect, Cooperation and Solidarity (the "pillars" of the FC) and, finally, the replacement of a referee by a Mediator whose function is to facilitate dialogue and reflection about the actions related to each one of the Pillars of the FC to establish collective agreement on the final score of the match. With this knowledge we guided our investigation on FC that was driven in the context of a socio-educational project developed with children and teenagers living in inner city and impoverished neighbourhoods of São Carlos city (countryside of São Paulo state, Brazil). From the qualitative perspective of the Systematization of Experiences method, interfacing with Analética and Phenomenological Reduction we proceeded to participate and register the experience, which occurred in the period between August 2016 and January 2017, in addition to two meetings in December 2017. On those occasions, we participated as educator-researchers, coordinating the mediation moments of FC and diversified experiences on playful motricity (play/ócio/leisure). We documented the experience in 15 field notes that had the full transcription of the participant speeches through video recordings. Our main objective was to identify and comprehend the educational processes emerged from the practice of FC, and the moments that the logic of evaluation of the Pillars inspired the analysis of the coexistence between the participants during the diversified playful motricity. Our process of data analysis culminated in the identification of 3 categories: A) Fútbol Callejero is awesome! B) Callejero’s Care; C) When Callejero is more than football. Based on the analysis, our Thesis is that Fútbol Callejero (born and raised in Argentina - geographical and metaphorical South) has been configured as a Callejera Motricity, emergent and composing Epistemologies of the South, with the potential of being a trans-modern and intercultural project of intervention and acting to articulate against capitalism, patriarchy and colonialism. We hope that our Systematization of Experiences will compose the constellation of knowledge, being able to guide new crossings and new systematizations.
Formação de moléculas diatômicas heteronucleares utilizando pulsos de laser com frequência dependente do tempo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-02-15)
Almeida, Igor César de
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Lima, Emanuel Fernandes de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7845605890195115
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1581040508131056
In this work, we consider the formation and vibrational stabilization of cold hetero- nuclear molecules using infrared nanosecond pulses. Starting with a pair of coliding cold atoms of dissimilar species, we aim to form a molecule in its eletronic and vibrational ground level by means of the interaction with the laser field. In order to meet this goal, we propose the employment of a single pulse with a time-dependent frequency that, fol- lowing the interatomic potential anarmonicity, promotes the formation and stabilization of a molecule following a predefined transition pathway. We show that the proposed scheme can efficiently form cold molecules in the vibrational ground level. Calculations have been performed for a model representing a colision between a lithium atom and a cesium atom in the milikelvin temperature range.
A aprendizagem da leitura: atuações educativas de êxito na educação de jovens e adultos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-02-15)
Ferreira, Letícia
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Mello, Roseli Rodrigues de
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/5233854244313683
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/5423941424048266
The mastery of reading is a fundamental competence for the development others academic and social education in the Information Society. National and international evaluations, in their scope, explain before-mentioned competence, their abilities, and contents. Youth and Adult Education, in this context, deserves special consideration, since it supports people who have reached young and adult life without mastering this fundamental instrument. Thus, the present study aims to verify the results of two successful educational actions -Interactive Groups and Dialogic Literary Gatherings - for the learning of reading of students of the second segment of the Youth and Adult Education, taking as parameters the most anticipated descriptors in the international tests (Program for the International Assessment of Adult Competencies - PIAAC and the Program for International Student Assessment - PISA), and national ones (National Exam for Certification of Skills of Young and Adults - Encceja -, and the evaluations of the Basic Education Assessment System - Saeb). As a case study with the use of communicative methodology, the research will resort to observation techniques, interviews and recorded communicative discussion groups. The data validation will be performed using communicative technique with communicative discussion group. With this research, it is hoped to announce possibilities that support the learning of the reading by Youth and Adult Education students.
Cinema feito por mulheres: um estudo sobre a produção da imagem cinematográfica e a educação visual em Tão Longe é Aqui
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-02-15)
Domingues, Ana Carolina
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Costa, Alan Victor Pimenta de Almeida Pales
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5414466437997230
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0903106623711717
This work aims to study and understand the perception of womens filmmakers, and what the images produced by them tell us and educate us. For this, the work presents the feature film So Far is Here (2013) directed by Brazilian filmmaker and journalist Eliza Capai, whose story chronicles her trip to the African continent in 2010. The theoretical cut is based on authors who study and understand the image as responsible for a form of education, expression and control, for exercising an educational process over who sees them. The cognitive process that operates in the image, points to the theme of visuality, as a political exercise. So Far is Here "encroces" the cinematographic genres of road-movies, the documentary and the movie-letter, making it hybrid by the way it articulates in all these layers (genres). The methodology consists of decomposing and interpreting the “agent images” (ALMEIDA, 2009), as possible own documents to dialogue with the text. As a conclusion, we pointed out that So Far is Here belongs to the genre women's film, for addressing itself from another form of world perception that integrates women who share similar experiences. In this context of interpretation we chose the theme of motherhood to interpret the “agent images” produced and sequenced in the feature film.
O ensino das funções orgânicas e suas propriedades nos defensivos agrícolas presentes nas culturas de laranja a partir de uma abordagem CTSA
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-02-15)
Gobatto, Daniel Ferreira
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Marques, Clélia Mara de Paula
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0451284088402660
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7754803937057962
The teaching of organic functions and their properties in agricultural protectionism present in orange crops from a CTSA approach. Chemistry teaching with a CTSA (science, technology, society and environment) focus allows students to acquire knowledge, skills, competencies and values necessary to form individuals aware of their role in society. The research investigated motivating actions for Chemistry teaching and learning process to promote the teaching of organic functional groups in a 3rd year high school class, using as a starting point the pesticides used in orange orchards. Data collection was based on the application of prior questionnaires and after the didactic intervention, in the visit to the Citrus Defense Fund (Fundecitrus) and also in the analysis of students' and research professor’s logbooks. Data analysis was carried out qualitatively through the definition of categories, in which it was found that the use of the CTSA approach in teaching organic functional groups combined with the agricultural pesticides theme, provided significant learning of the concepts worked on, in addition to the development of conceptual skills, procedural and attitudinal on the part of students. The engagement of students throughout the research and development of skills reinforces the importance of using teaching activities with a CTSA focus.
Plantas medicinais: diversidade entre comunidades rurais no Portal da Amazônia
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-02-15)
Pereira, Arildo Gonçalo
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Alcântara, Liliane Cristine Schlemer
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Oliveira, Renata Evangelista de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5051941963927036
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Sais, Adriana Cavalieri
The present work aimed to characterize and identify the medicinal plant species present in agroforestry gardens (FFA) in rural communities of family farmers in Mato Grosso, in the municipalities of Alta Floresta and Nova Canaã do Norte. The study analyzed 44 quintals of agroforestry, 24 in Alta Floresta and 20 in Nova Canaã do Norte, implanted and managed by family farmers. Guided tours were conducted in the backyards in August 2017 to map and identify the different uses of the plant resources present. A total of 151 medicinal plant species were cited and identified, divided into 62 botanical families distributed in three strata of the agroforestry consortium. We highlight the families Asteraceae (15), Lamiaceae (15), Euphorbiaceae (13), Fabaceae (10), Myrtaceae and Rutaceae. Of the total 76 species were found in both municipalities, 38 species are grown exclusively in Alta Floresta and 37 species are grown in New Canaan North. The results indicate a wide distribution of the species of medicinal plants and diversification in the backyards, in the different communities.
Otimização das propriedades mecânicas da liga de alumínio 319 contaminada com ferro
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-02-15)
Freitas, Brenda Juliet Martins
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Bolfarini, Claudemiro
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/9231627080617037
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4571549779863412
The influence of iron additions (0.6, 0.8, 1.2 and 1.5 wt.%) and heat treatment on the microstructure and tensile properties of the 319-aluminum alloy processed by spray forming and rotary swaging was investigated. The spray-formed deposits were rotary swaged at 573 K with an area reduction ratio of 5:1. Room temperature tensile tests showed a substantial increase of elongation at fracture (5.5-8%) when compared to the values observed for the iron-containing conventionally cast counterpart (0.6%). The high values of elongation at fracture were obtained due to the significant microstructural refinement and decrease of volumetric phase fraction, especially the iron-rich intermetallics, promoted by the combination of spray forming and rotary swaging. Moreover, the heat treatment is responsible for the silicon globulization, dissolution of θ-Al2Cu blocks and dramatic improvement of ductility (16-17%).
Orientações curriculares para o ensino de português para surdos: análise de documento do município de São Paulo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-02-15)
Cruz, Márcia
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Santos, Lara Ferreira dos
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7312070448044165
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7794191148086276
The education of deaf people has been a frequent theme in recent years, due to laws and decrees aimed at ensuring bilingual education. The teaching of the Portuguese language as a second language stands out as one of the most controversial aspects, because in the present time there is no curriculum designed for this public.. Faced with this fact, the material "Curriculum Guidelines and Proposition of Learning Expectations for Early Childhood Education and Elementary Education: Portuguese Language for Deaf People" is of great relevance, due to its teaching proposal to deaf students and its pioneering in the city from São Paulo. The objective of this qualitative and documental study was to investigate the concepts of deaf subjects, bilingual education and Portuguese language teaching for deaf people present in this material, considering the moment in which it was produced, the current legislation, and the conceptions adopted by the city. The three conceptions cited included the analysis categories of this dissertation. The concepts present in the document were analyzed and discussed from the current legislation and based on renowned area's authors. The recognition of deafness as a linguistic difference was identified, the Libras as the first language and Portuguese as the second language, inferring simultaneous bilingualism. The results demonstrate the importance of sign language to deaf children, as well as proposals and methods to teach Portuguese language, from the development of different textual types for each year, meeting the needs of students and teaching as second language. As a conclusion, it was identified that the politics of the city of São Paulo shows respect to the deaf subject and his form of expression, indicating Libras and Portuguese Language in an equitable way; the document shows new perspectives for the teaching of Portuguese for the deaf student. Despite some shortcomings, the document meets its objectives, proving to be advanced to the moment in which it was elaborated and with potential of use and application still in the present moment.
Análises bioinformáticas de proteínas de resistência do tipo nucleotide binding site-leucine rich repeat (NBS-LRR) de café
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-02-15)
Morazán, Andrés Santiago Ortiz
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Silva, Flávio Henrique da
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1757309852446263
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8232617394351453
The molecular factors involved in the coffee’s resistance to rust and other diseases have not been completely known, but related projects have been developed since the last century. One of the main problems that make difficult to identify these factors is the lack of a stable version of the Coffea arabica genome. The organization World Coffee Research (WCR) recently made available its version of the C. arabica genome made out of Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) technology. It is known that the pathogenic relations of rust and coffee include effector proteins interacting with the plant’s NBS-LRR proteins, which activate its immune response, normally resulting on a Hypersensitivity Response (HR). The coffee’s resistance gene SH3 codifies a protein similar to the class Coiled Coil-NBS-LRR and the plants that include that gene show a vertical resistance to rust. Looking for factors similar to gene SH3 could lead to new resistance factors able to be used in the development of new coffee varieties with vertical resistance to rust. Through this research it was possible to identify sequences of protein exclusively present in genomes of the Coffea plants, as well as features differentially present in sequences of Arabica and robusta coffee. It was also possible to identify the chromosome localization of the identified sequences. Finally, the results of this research allowed classifying and systematizing all the candidate proteins to use them in coffee genetic improvement programs.
Essays on bivariate option pricing via copula and heteroscedasticity models: a classical and bayesian approach
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-02-15)
Lopes, Lucas Pereira
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Cancho, Vicente Garibay
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3503233632044163
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5968999804623198
This dissertation is composed of two main and independents essays, but complementary. In the first one, we discuss the option price under a bayesian perspective. This essay aims to price and analyze the fair price behavior of the call-on-max (bivariate) option considering marginal heteroscedastic models with dependence structure modeled via copulas. Concerning inference, we adopt a Bayesian perspective and computationally intensive methods based on Monte Carlo simulations via Markov Chain (MCMC). A simulation study examines the bias and the root mean squared errors of the posterior means for the parameters. Real stocks prices of Brazilian banks illustrate the approach. For the proposed method is verified the effects of strike and dependence structure on the fair price of the option. The results show that the prices obtained by our heteroscedastic model approach and copulas differ substantially from the prices obtained by the model derived from Black and Scholes. Empirical results are presented to argue the advantages of our strategy. In the second chapter, we consider the GARCH-in-mean models with asymmetric variance specifications to model the volatility of the assets-objects under the risk-neutral dynamics. Moreover, the copula functions model the joint distribution, with the objective of capturing non-linear, linear and tails associations between the assets. We aim to provide a methodology to realize a more realistic pricing option. To illustrate the methodology, we use stocks from two Brazilian companies, where our the modeling offered a proper fitting. Confronting the results obtained with the classic model, which is an extension of the Black and Scholes model, we note that considering constant volatility over time underpricing the options, especially in-the-money options.
Habitat selection by capybaras (Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris) in natural and anthropic landscapes in Brazil
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-02-15)
Dias, Thiago da Costa
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Rocha, Vlamir José
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8044368595391973
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3343198538235148
Wildlife distribution is driven by a variety of intrinsic and extrinsic factors that limit species to habitats with the adequate resources and conditions to maintain their survival. The selection of specific habitats by wildlife is modified by, among other things, predator’s presence and human-related disturbance, which is proved to have directly effects in wild species behavior. Thus, species as the capybara (Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris), that occurs both in natural and anthropic areas, may present different patterns of habitat selection since “risk” is generated by different agents in these landscapes. This study aims to model and compare selection of the main components of capybara habitat (forests, water sources and open areas dominated by grasses / shrubs) in natural landscapes of the Brazilian Pantanal, where predator’s abundance is massive and human density is low, and anthropic areas of São Paulo state, where the opposite occurs, using Resource Selection Functions (RSF). The results shown that, in Pantanal, areas within and nearby forest patches were not selected by capybaras and the species presented preferences for areas close to water sources. This response is mainly related to the great predation risk in this landscape full of predators. In human dominated landscapes of São Paulo state, capybaras presented high selection for areas within and nearby forest patches and close to water sources, especially during the day when human disturbance is more pronounced. The high selection for areas within forest patches is probably related to the Brazilian Spotted Fever (BSF) epidemiology and the depredation of water springs in São Paulo state. Besides that, according to the results founded by this study it is recommended that selection for open areas with grasses / shrubs in anthropic/agricultural landscapes should be modeled by including food items in different classes, considering the temporal dynamics of crop fields, which can generate more refined results.
Filmes nanoestruturados para detecção do antígeno prostático específico utilizando nanopartículas de ouro
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-02-15)
Camilo, Douglas Eleutério
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Miyazaki, Celina Massumi
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2932962321837120
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Ferreira, Marystela
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4714185516263478
In the present work, nanostructured films were prepared through the self-assembly techniques for the detection of prostatic specific antigen (PSA), a glycoprotein produced in abnormal levels in case of prostate cancer. Two self-assembly approaches were used: the self-assembled monolayer (SAM) technique for the substrate functionalization and the layer-by-layer (LbL) technique for the building of the sensing unit. The specific antibody to PSA (anti-PSA) was immobilized on the gold nanoparticles surface (AuNP-antiPSA conjugate) for later assembly by the LbL technique. The AuNPs-anti-PSA conjugate was characterized by ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy indicating absorption bands at 520 and 260 nm related to the AuNP plasmons absorption and anti-PSA tryptophan absorption, respectively. The fluorescence spectrum presented a band at 367 nm attributed to the emission of tryptophan fluorescence present in the anti-PSA. The morphology analysis of AuNPs by Transmission Electron Microscopy (MET) provided an estimated average diameter of 3.5 ± 0.9 nm. The films were fabricated on gold (Au) covered glass slides previously cleaned and functionalized with 11-mercaptoundecanoic acid (11-MUA). The LbL films were prepared by the sequential adsorption of nanostructured layers of poly(ethyleneimine) (PEI), poly(vinylsulfonic acid, sodium salt) (PVS) and PEI, on the Au functionalized surface. Cyclic voltammetry (VC) confirmed the adsorption of the layers by the reduction of the current peak of Fe(II)/Fe(III) redox probe. Subsequently, bovine serum albumin (BSA) was used to block the non-specific binding sites. Detection was performed with different concentrations of PSA (0.1, 0.5, 1,0, 4,0, 8,0, 10 and 20 ng mL-1) using Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS). The architecture Au/11-MUA/PEI-PVS-PEI/AuNPs-anti-PSA/BSA/PSA was also characterized by Polarization-Modulation Infrared Reflection-Absorption Spectroscopy (PM-IRRAS) to investigate the interaction between the materials, as well as the interaction between antigen and antibody. The high selectivity of the immunosensor was tested by the exposure of the sensor to a non-specific immunoglobulin G (IgG). The limit of detection (LD) and the range of detection obtained by EIS were 0.17 ng mL-1 and 0.1-20 ng mL-1, respectively. The experiments demonstrated that the LbL technique and the use of AuNPs were suitable for the construction of an immunosensor of low cost, rapid development and high sensitivity. Thus, the fabricated immunoassay exhibits high potential for use in the diagnosis of the early stages of prostate cancer.
Efeitos do atraso em tarefas de discriminação condicional em participantes com e sem deficiência intelectual
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-02-15)
Teixeira, Isabela de Oliveira
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Postalli, Lidia Maria Marson
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2748282330028870
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4843142572021146
Stimulus discrimination is an important repertoire, which is the basis for acquiring complex skills. Investigating critical variables related to the discrimination process is particularly important for participants with some type of intellectual disability and/or developmental delay. The present study had the objectives of analyzing the effect of different delay times on tasks of conditional, identity, and arbitrary discrimination in adolescents with and without intellectual disability, and of identifying, through participants’ reports, precurrent behaviors during the time between the removal of the sample stimuli and presentation of the comparison stimuli. Participants were eight individuals with no disability and six with intellectual disabilities. They were aged between eleven and fourteen years old and attended regular schools. Five participants were boys with typical development and two were boys with intellectual disability (one had Down syndrome). There were three girls with typical development and four with intellectual disability (one had Down syndrome). The procedure consisted of pre-training; teaching identity relations through matching-to-sample (MTS), with continuous and intermittent reinforcement; delayed matching-to-sample (DMTS) tests, with 0, 2, 4, 6, and 8-second delays; teaching arbitrary relationships through MTS, with continuous and intermittent reinforcement and testing with DMTS, with 0, 2, 4, 6, and 8-second delays. After the last experimental session, participants were asked about any strategies used during the DMTS tasks. We analyzed data individually by comparing each participant’s performance throughout the procedure (training and tests) for identity and arbitrary relations. The results showed that the eight participants without disabilities and two participants with intellectual disabilities went through the identity and arbitrary conditional discrimination training and tests using the proposed procedure. Four participants with intellectual disability went through the proposed identity training but required an additional procedure to establish arbitrary relations. As the delay increased, performance decreased, especially for participants with intellectual disabilities – specifically those with Down syndrome. Performance was more impaired in the arbitrary than in the identity conditional discrimination tasks. According to participants’ reports, the most obvious strategy used during the procedure was “vocal repetition”. However, participants with disabilities had difficulties in reporting the strategy used, unlike the participants without intellectual disabilities, who did not. These results are relevant to further our understanding of ‘delay’ as a variable controlling recall behavior (“remembering”) and may improve teaching procedures, especially for precurrent behaviors of people with intellectual disabilities
O projeto educacional: um olhar nas dissertações do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ensino de Ciências Exatas (PPGECE-UFSCar)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-02-15)
Castro, Bruno Luiz de
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Oliveira, Paulo César
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7516513469811353
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1220328156886170
This research presents the panorama of the works developed in the period from 2010 to 2017, in the Program of Post-Graduation in Teaching of Exact Sciences (PPGECE) of UFSCar (Campus of Sorocaba and São Carlos), in Professional Master's level, in the area of teaching of math. The question of research has the following formulation: "How can we describe the educational products identified in PPGECE?" To answer this question we develop our research in qualitative bibliographical perspective, in the modality of State of Art. The number of studies was 75, of which 66 presented educational products, according to the identification proposed by Pitalli et al (2015) for educational products developed in the postgraduate programs, in the Teaching area, which have as main focus or as line of research the Teaching of Mathematics. In PPGECE the following educational products were identified: didactic sequence validation, virtual learning environment, project, pedagogical experiences, concrete materials and games. The description of these educational products revealed a lack of research involving geometry contents, especially in High School.
Estudo do efeito dos parâmetros de síntese da Sn-MCM-41 e Sn-SBA-15 em suas propriedades estruturais, texturais e catalíticas na isomerização da glicose
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-02-18)
Scolari, Eduardo
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Gallo, Jean Marcel Ribeiro
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3485408327490746
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1209001063337177
The 5-hydroximethilfurfural (5-HMF) is a platform molecule that has great potential to originate a wide range of compounds with potential interest in biorefinery, as well as compounds currently produced exclusively from non-renewable carbon sources. The 5-HMF can be obtained via dehydration of hexoses, but with low selectivity (< 30%). On the other hand, fructose, a glucose isomer, can be dehydrated to 5-HMF with high selectivity (> 70%). Recently it has been discovered that using a combination of Lewis acids and Brønsted acids, in the right proportion, allows the direct conversion of glucose into 5-HMF with selectivities higher than 60%. In this process, the Lewis acid isomerizes the glucose to fructose, which is subsequently dehydrated by the Brønsted acid. While several brønsted acid catalysts are known to be efficient in the dehydration of fructose, Sn-Beta zeolite appears almost exclusively as a heterogeneous Lewis acid catalyst for glucose isomerization. However, Sn-Beta has a long, complicated synthesis with questionable reproducibility. Thus, in this study, we proposed the use of mesoporous amorphous stannosilicates as catalysts of glucose isomerization. The effects of the synthesis parameters of mesoporous stannosilicates Sn-MCM-41 and Sn-SBA-15 were evaluated, in the face of its textural, structural and catalytic properties in the isomerization of glucose. The characteristic structures were obtained for all silicates, although the use of an organic base and higher concentrations of acid decreased the ordering respectively for samples MCM-41 and SBA-15. It was observed the presence of tetrahedral tin, indicating insertion in the framework, besides penta and hexacoordinated tin species. The isotherms obtained are as expected for these materials. Changes in pH and Si:Sn ratio didn’t present great effects on the MCM-41 cell parameters and wall thickness, although thermal treatment reduced the last. Variations in synthesis parameters have more visible effects for SBA-15 silicates. The materials in general showed values of selectivity for fructose above 75%, which can be considered very good. It is worth mentioning MCM-41 synthesized with TMAOH showed these values even with larger conversions. The most promising materials (TMAOH 12.9-3% Sn-25 ° C; NH4OH 12.9-3%-50 ° C and SBA15-0.07-3%) were studied more deeply in relation to their catalytic properties. The kinetic tests and indicated that in general the reaction goes into equilibrium at 110 minutes. Only exchange of the organic solvent GVL and THF (polar aprotic) to methanol (polar protic) resulted in significant changes in the behavior of the rates of glucose conversion and selectivity, being GVL the most interesting solvent.
Consequências do uso de madeira tratada com CCA e de painéis de MDF como combustível em processos de combustão
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-02-18)
Tomeleri, João Otávio Poletto
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Pitombo, Leonardo Machado
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9975423140836779
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Pádua, Franciane Andrade de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2945447364979913
From its use for domestic purposes like firewood to the application in large industrial processing plants for power generation, wood is a long-established fuel. Although its application has evolved towards the establishment of new technologies in conversion systems and the development of energy forests, the current context of the need to reuse urban and industrial waste has introduced a new challenge, that of associating the energy utilization of these materials with the volume reduction for landfills. Aiming to evaluate the combustion behavior of six types of lignocellulosic materials, the untreated wood of pine and eucalyptus, pinus and eucalyptus treated with CCA and MDF panels with and without melamine coating were sampled. The treatments underwent elemental analysis, immediate analysis, higher calorific value, thermogravimetric analysis, structural analysis of the ashes by scanning electron microscopy and chemical composition by X-ray spectroscopy. The results showed that, in general, the low moisture content presented by all the materials are the main advantage presented by the residues in relation to the maintenance of the efficiency of the burning processes. However, the materials with the greatest association with non-lignocellulosic elements showed a significantly higher ash yield compared to untreated wood. In addition, the presence of the CCA and the melamine coating were responsible for the alteration of the chemical and morphological composition of these combustion residues, producing partial burning particles containing chromium, copper and arsenic for the treated wood and large melamine particles containing chlorine and titanium for the coated panel. In relation to the higher calorific value, untreated pine wood was the material that presented the best result among all the tested, and the coated panel had the lowest value for this parameter. The variations in the energy parameters do not prevent combustion from being considered as a technologically viable alternative in the reduction of the volume of solid waste wood as well as in the generation of energy. However, the identification of toxic elements in the combustion residues of treated wood demonstrates the need to develop practices to mitigate the risks of environmental pollution that the disposal of the ashes represents.
Estudo da produção de bioetanol e biobutanol a partir da palha de cana-de-açúcar
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-02-18)
Pratto, Bruna
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Sousa Júnior, Ruy de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1983482879541203
;
Cruz, Antonio José Gonçalves da
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1812806190521028
The present thesis studied the hydrolysis and fermentation steps of the hydrothermally pretreated sugarcane straw (cellulosic fraction), aiming bioethanol and biobutanol production. In regards to the hydrolysis step, it is of paramount importance obtaining high glucose concentrations for a feasible bioethanol production. On the other hand, finding an overall efficient process may be challenging since criteria as yield and productivity, may be conflicting sometimes. Thus, a multi-criteria optimization was applied in order to find a balance between yield and productivity in the bioethanol production via pre-saccharification (PS) followed by saccharification and simultaneous fermentation (SSF). PS experiments were carried out evaluating effects of enzymatic dosage, biomass loading, and PS time. After each PS assay, SSF step was run for 24 h. The performance of the whole process (PS + SSF) was evaluated based on overall ethanol yield and productivity. Under optimized conditions, operating in a high solid loading (19.3% w/v), it was possible to obtain an ethanol concentration of 5.6% v/v in a short total processing time of 45 h (hydrolysis + fermentation), which corresponds to approximately 290 L of ethanol per tonne of pretreated sugarcane straw. Also, in the enzymatic hydrolysis step, and as an alternative to the batch PS process, it was studied the fed-batch operation feeding substrate and enzyme, with a total of 21 % w/v of solid load. The suggested feeding policy in this study took into account feeding of substrate and enzyme in a way that the substrate concentration was maintained constant and the reaction rate was maintained equal to or higher than 70 % of the initial hydrolysis reaction rate. In the optimum feeding profile, it was possible to achieve a glucose concentration of 160 g/L, which corresponds to 80 % of cellulose-to-glucose conversion. In addition, it was verified that the non-complete conversion is associated with the non-productive enzyme adsorption, as well as the presence of recalcitrant cellulose. Finally, the thesis also evaluated the potential of biobutanol production by means of ABE (acetone-butanol-ethanol) fermentation using the same biomass. Two hydrolysis-fermentation strategies (SHF - separated hydrolysis and fermentation and PSSSF - pre-saccharification followed by simultaneous saccharification and fermentation), and two biomass concentrations (10 and 15 % w/v) were evaluated. For both strategies, the 10 % w/v concentration was more favorable (~ 4 times higher) with respect to the ABE production, once there was no need to include a detoxification step. Comparing both strategies, the PSSSF achieved a slightly higher ABE production (10.5 g/L to 13.5 g/L) and 60 % higher productivity. In the best condition (10 % w/v - PSSSF), it would be possible to estimate an yield of 170 L of ABE per tonne of pretreated sugarcane straw, corresponding to 65 L of acetone, 95 L of butanol and 10 L of ethanol.
Investigação da diversificação e evolução cromossômica em espécies de Pimelodidae (Siluriformes): contribuição dos DNAs repetitivos e cromossomos B
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-02-18)
Malimpensa, Geovana de Cassia
;
Vicari, Marcelo Ricardo
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/9824170107078686
;
Moreira Filho, Orlando
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3927076022470557
Pimelodidae comprises 114 valid species, whith few of them are cytogenetically characterized, mainly, especially with respect to molecular cytogenetics. In addition, the species taxonomic delimitation is still very imprecise and problematic due to the absence of diagnoses based on phylogenetic relationships. In this context, cytogenetic analyzes (classical and molecular) and molecular (DNA barcoding, GMYC and bPTP) were carried out in four species of Pimelodidae: Bergiaria westermanni, Pimelodus fur and Pimelodus pohli from the São Francisco River basin, and Pimelodus microstoma from the Upper Paraná River basin, aiming to provide evolutionary and taxonomic subsidies for them. B. westermanni, P. microstoma and P. pohli species showed conservation concerning the diploid number (2n), heterochromatin distribution pattern, Ag-NORs/rDNA 45S sites localization, histone gene clustering, syntenia between U2 snRNA/rDNA 5S, and distribution pattern of thirteen different microsatellites. However, differentiations were found for some other cytogenetic features, such as the 2n in P. fur, the karyotype formula, number and location of 5S rDNA sites and the location of H3/H4 histones in P. microstoma, the presence of NOR bearing B chromosomes in B. westermanni, the ITS occurrence in P. pohli, the syntenia between U2 snRNA, 5S rDNA and histones in B. westermanni, and the presence of a conspicuous microsatellite (GATA)n block in P. microstoma. Such features evidence the karyotype diversification that occurred among these species along their evolutionary process and support their taxonomic delimitation. CGH data showed the sharing of B. westermanni gDNA with the gDNAs of other species, in few chromosomal regions, thus reinforcing their genetic diversification. Analysis on B. westermanni nuclei with Ag-NOR staining and FISH with 18S rDNA probe revealed the presence of zero up to five Ag-NORs and four sites of 18S rDNA sites, indicating that the Ag-NORs in the B chromosomes of this species are active regions. 18S rDNA and (GATA)n sites were identified on A and B chromosomes of B. westermanni, suggesting the probable intraspecific origin of supernumerary chromosome. This hypothesis is also supported by CGH, which has evidenced the predominance of B. westermanni genomic content in this chromosome. The molecular analyzes also supported the occurrence of four distinct species, reinforcing the taxonomic and cytogenetic data. Thus, this study present new molecular and cytogenetic data for Pimelodidae species and contributes to a better understanding of their chromosomal and molecular diversity.
Efeitos da adubação no rendimento industrial do sorgo sacarino cultivado em solo de fertilidade construída
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-02-18)
Scavazza, Ana Lúcia
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Soares, Marcio Roberto
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/6337462438517339
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0125397145088528
The sweet sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench), a poaceae originating in Eastern Central of Africa, has great potential for the production of bioenergy. In Brazil, due to the importance of sugarcane as a source of renewable energy, research on the agricultural and industrial processes of sorghum is still incipient. The objective of this dissertation was to test the hypothesis that the practice of fertilization in soil with improved fertility built influences the growth and maturation of sweet sorghum, in order to that what of promoting variations in the optimum point of harvest. The experiment was conducted in an experimental field of the Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), in a randomized complete block design with five blocks. The treatments were composed of four doses of fertilization, 0, 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 of the recommended dose-RD (110-80-120 kg ha-1) of NPK for the cultivation of hybrid sweet sorghum Malibu 5010 under the conditions of the state of São Paulo, and for four harvest seasons: 90,105,120 and 135 days after the emergency (DAE). Biometric parameters were determined [height (m), diameter of the stem (mm), number of internodes (nodes plant-1), production of stems (t ha-1), biomass (t ha-1), dry biomass (t ha-1), dry mass of panicle (g m-1)], technological [brix of broth (%), Pol of broth (%), fiber (%), purity (%), RS (%), RTS (kg t-1)], productivity [yield of stalks (PC, t ha-1)], besides the accumulation of NPK for the calculation of indices of nutritional efficiency .Data were collected on the soil fertility of sugarcane reform areas to determine the fertility level and to propose the viability of sorghum cultivation with reduced doses of macronutrients. The increase of fertilization in built fertility soil did not promote changes in the parameters of growth and yield of sorghum in order to change the optimum harvest point. The isolated effects of the factors showed that the yield of stalks, one of the most important indicators for ethanol production, presented a higher average with application of 1.5RD (165-120-180 kg of NPK ha-1). Harvesting times did not differ. However, the economic evaluation revealed the impracticability of the fertilization practice, due to the high productivity obtained in 0RD. Due to the high incidence of Ergot disease, the content of sucrose (Pol), RTS, SR and the other technological variables were affected. However, there was an indication that the fertilization influenced the maturation in order to promote changes at the optimum harvest point, highlighting the 1,0RD as the best NPK contribution, and the cutting season at 120DAE as the best indicated for the tested cultivar. Due to the high dry matter production, Malibu 5010 sorghum hybrid accumulated NPK in the order of N
Práticas de letramento de professores de matemática em formação na licenciatura em educação do campo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-02-18)
Fernandes, Fernando Luís Pereira
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Sousa, Maria do Carmo de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6637658562543505
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/9023529421846126
This research has as its goal the comprehension of the literacy practices engaged and problematized by Rural Education undergraduates. To answer the guiding question: Which literacy practices of the future teacher can be highlighter in a Rural Education Undergraduate Course?, we based ourselves in references for Rural Education, Literacy and Numeracy Studies and Teachers’ Education for Social Justice. The methodology of the research is of qualitative nature, and the structuring of the data happened in two steps. The first of them in a discipline about Functions, taught by the researcher, who is also a professor in the Rural Education Undergraduate Course (LECampo) of the Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro and had the participation of 45 undergraduates, as subjects of the investigation. In this step, the tools used were: questionnaire of socio-economical nature, applied to all the undergraduates, and video recordings of the classes. The second step of the data production happened with the involvement of twelve of the undergraduates, subjects of the survey, who chose Mathematics, with the data being obtained through semi structured interviews. Thus, it was constituted as material to be analyzed in investigation: questionnaire results, students’ written productions, transcription of parts of the classes and interviews. After the data organization, we constructed two analysis axes: (i) Technical Tendency of Mathematics Teaching and its Variations as Representation of Autonomous Literacy Model and (ii) Formative actions at LECampo as driving forces behind literacy practices of future teachers. The data showed us that, despite the basic schooling of the undergraduates being based on a technical and procedural dimension, and thus, having produced literacy practices common to the autonomous model, different formative actions in LECampo’s degree made it possible for the teachers the mobilization and problematization of literacy practices,– the formulation of problems and financial of familiar farming. In particular, the undergraduates in Mathematics have exposed during the interviews their ways of seeing and conceiving the teaching of Mathematics, with emphasis for the Empirical-Activist and Socioethnocultural teaching tendencies. The identified characteristics of those tendencies can contribute to the comprehension of literacy events and practices valued by the undergraduates. The results point at the many literacy practices highlighted in the Rural Education Initial Teacher Education and for the necessity of depth and continuity of those studies.