Navegando por Data de Publicação, começando com "2019-02-26"

Filtrar resultados por ano ou mês

Agora exibindo 1 - 20 de 38

Sistema de gestão integrado de qualidade e ambiental para implantação de equipamentos facilitadores em cavernas turísticas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-02-26) Levenhagen, Blanche Sousa; Lobo, Heros Augusto Santos
This research deals with the analysis of the technical document called the Conceptual Project for Facilitating Equipment in Caves (CP). The CP was an unfolding of the Speleological Management Plans (SMP), whose objective was to establish procedures for the installation of facilitation equipment (bridges, stairs, walkways, etc.). The objective of this research was to identify the gaps that could impede the application of the CP and thus interrupt the process of implementation of SMP. Based on the analysis of the PC and the SMP, this research resulted in a change in the design of the CP construction and, from this, the construction of an Integrated Management System for the Implementation of Facilitating Equipment in Tourist Caves in Conservation Units (IMS-IFE). The IMS-IFE consolidated, in a format similar to that recommended in the technical standards ABNT ISO 9001 and 14001, the new CP design based on adaptive management. The IMS-IFE is an unprecedented product for the management of tourist caves, with potential to influence public policies for the management of tourist caves in conservation units from the point of view of quality and environmental management systems.
O conceito de gênero discursivo/textual em teses e dissertações que focalizam a produção textual em contexto de alfabetização (2010-2017)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-02-26) Araújo, Elioenai Oliveira; Fernandes, Jarina Rodrigues; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6612611612919706; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9503584812589885
The main objective of this research is identifying how the concept of discourse genre are constituted in theses and dissertations about textual production in the literacy context and in the initial three years of elementary school. Thus, we start with discussions about discursive genrer based on Mikhail Bakhtin (1997). In the presente thesis, we find to identify the contexts of speech development of theses and dissertations. Therefore we have tried to identify the genrer approach, objectives and problems of the academic works selected to make the research. And, we need to identify the theoretical references about discursive genres of theses and dissertations, and we try to understand how the concept of the discursive genres could contribute to the development of differente proposals - pedagogical strategies, methodological path to researche and results that dissertations and theses developed in the classroom. This thesis is bibliographic because we review database that was present in the Catalog of Thesis and Dissertations of the Coordination of Improvement of Higher Level Personal (CAPES). The treatment of the database was based on the reading steps proposed by Salvador (1980), and content analysis that was indicated by Bardin (2011). The research context needs to be observed in this thesis. The database collected to make the work was developed in the southeast of Brazil and focus on Education field. We verified different theoretical perspectives: philosophy of language, sócio-rethorique, socio-interactive and systemic-functional linguistics. The problems and objectives topics of the analyzed research, we could explain two different tendencies: gender as an instrument of teaching and as discourse. In the other hand, when we observe categorized surveys as a classroom, we also see two tendecies: genres as disciplinary content and genres as a concrete statement. Thus, we understand that textual gender concept followed two lines of approach, one focused on language in action, as a discourse, and another that focused the genres as an object of teaching.
Estudo do reconhecimento de micrornas expressos em Carcinomas Epidermóides de Cabeça e Pescoço (CECP) utilizando nanopartículas de prata
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-02-26) Oliveira, Jéssica Santana Assumpção de; Melendez, Matias Eliseo; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2746759168721010; Leite, Fabio de Lima; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5490031389817518; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1078057967772585
Epidermoid Carcinoma of the Head and Neck is a type of malignant tumor that presents a heterogenous characteristic, since it affects different anatomical sites like, for example, the oral cavity, larynx and pharynx. The main problem associated with this neoplasia is the high number of deaths due to delays in diagnosis. The scarcity of public health resources, the high costs of performing tumor detection tests, the current methods of late diagnosis and other aspects contribute to the malignant cells spreading to adjacent tissues, decreasing the patients' expectations and quality of life. With the need to assist and improve current medical studies, the use of nanoparticles in medicine has become a very interesting aspect in creating products and new techniques to improve health. This is possible because these nanoparticles have a high potential in studies of monitoring, diagnosis and treatment of diseases in the early stages. This work aims to study silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) in the recognition of specific microRNAs for CEPC, with the objective of analyzing their activity as nanobiosensor, since their photochemical properties are unique and efficient for use as fluorescent probes. For this, the metastatic tumor markers miR-203 and miR-205 will be used. The methodology consisted in immobilizing oligonucleotides on the surface of AgNPs and then subjecting them to contact with the miR-203 and miR-205 targets. Results showed that only protocol 3 was efficient in the immobilization of oligo-miRs and that the interaction between the complex formed by the modified AgNPs and the microRNAs promoted a colloidal suspension staining change, indicating the specific annealing formed between the free end of the oligo-miR and their respective microRNAs. These results were confirmed by UV-Vis, FTIR and AFM techniques. The innovative character of the project is the fact that this specific interaction can contribute to different diagnostic methods due to the high sensitivity of the material to recognize small concentrations of the studied targets, which can act as a potent alternative in the early detection of CECP, thus improving the existing diagnostic techniques.
Comunidades de macroinvertebrados de solo respondem à restauração e à fertilidade do solo de florestas ripárias?
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-02-26) Pestana, Luís Fernando de Abreu; Tanaka, Marcel Okamoto; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2768658925977757; Souza, Andréa Lúcia Teixeira de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5216112068627151; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9247462409885978
Tropical riparian zones, considered essential due to their high ecological value for water quality, soil stabilization and biodiversity conservation, are an example of areas that are intensively degraded by agricultural activities. Ecological restoration, which leads to intervention procedures of degraded environments aiming at the reestablishment of their ecosystem functions, is one of the existing mechanisms to minimize the anthropic effects of degradation. For the success of restoration, one of the essential factors is soil quality, which maintains the plant and animal productivity of an ecosystem. To evaluate these conditions, soil macroinvertebrates are important indicators of the conditions of an ecosystem, since they vary with changes in soil and vegetation quality. However, there are few studies that consider these organisms in restoration areas, also considering soil conditions. We evaluated in this study whether the structure and composition of the soil macroinvertebrate communities respond to the restoration gradient in which they are located, as well as to the nutrient availability of the substrate. The study was conducted in a riparian area inserted in an agricultural context. The diversity and composition of soil macroinvertebrates were evaluated in three adjacent vegetation types characterized by being at different stages of succession - pasture, restoration area and remnant forest fragment. The area under restoration was managed through the reintroduction of ten tree species native to the region five years ago, a project implanted in an area formerly used as pasture. In addition, the area encompassing the three vegetation types is on a longitudinal gradient of soil fertility. The variables of environmental characterization of the area (vegetation structure and soil chemistry) were obtained. The macrofauna was obtained by the pitfall method and identified at the morphospecies level. Indicators of the structure of the soil macroinvertebrate communities responded differently to the environmental conditions. Abundance and richness, although indicating differences between vegetation types, evidencing higher values in the restoration, followed by pasture and forest, when used alone may not provide important information on the factors that determine the structure of macroinvertebrate communities that inhabit the litter, since the diversity, dominance and fairness indexes showed that soil quality also positively influences communities, with greater diversity and uniformity in environments with greater availability of nutrients. Thus, indices that consider relative abundance combined with wealth indexes seem to be more effective. Simplified and restoration environments have a positive effect on nutrients by increasing plant productivity, increasing the availability of resources and habitats, which reflects increasing the diversity and uniformity of communities. Regarding the composition of the communities, 3 factors are decisive for their structuring: The type of vegetation existing; the availability of nutrients, which affects productivity; and the presence of grasses. Communities of restoration areas with nutrient inputs and low percentage of grasses indicate an approximation with remnant forest communities
A designação das línguas e sua distribuição para falantes na tríplice fronteira Brasil - Paraguai - Argentina
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-02-26) Azzali, Amanda Castilho; Machado, Carolina de Paula; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2597137507131618; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4107100450200248
In this research, we seek to understand the distribution of languages in the enunciative area of the border region of Foz do Iguaçu, in the state of Paraná. This work, since inserted within a Semantics of Enunciation, aims to deal with the relation between languages as a political relation that is given by the way the speakers designate the languages they speak. Therefore, we will approach this question from a political, historical, and social perspective of language. Based on our analyses, we observe the extent to which the distribution of languages in this space - the official languages of the bordering States, the phrases deriving from the linguistic relations, such as the portunhol and jopara, or those of immigrants - is related to the fact that people speak and hear a certain language in their daily life, which authorizes the subject to speak in one or another language in order to understand what each language designates and how they constitute the speakers. Our corpus consists on answers from an interview elaborated for this research and on advertisements found in public spaces in order to observe the functioning and distribution of languages and also to understand, in the enunciative scenes, how the meanings that designate the languages are being constituted in this enunciation space, as a political space. The results of our analyses show us, through the procedures that the speakers operate in the organization of the text in the event of enunciation, such as rewriting and articulation, that the speaker of the border or speaker of a border space functions as a political figure that is mobilized in several languages and, in enunciating, it signifies itself as divided by the languages and positions itself when identifying with the socio-historical conditions in which it is inscribed.
A música como linguagem no processo de alfabetização científica nas aulas de química
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-02-26) Silveira, Miguel Luiz da; Lupetti, Karina Omuro; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5198051111079064; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6879829104120438
Among the sciences, chemistry stands out due to the various possibilities of addressing each topic, starting from a simple observation of an experiment or from the reading of nature itself, emerging the questions and the necessary intricacy for the production of scientific knowledge. Something that difficults the chemistry teaching is the way it is practiced. Excessively transmitted, not in a full context, resulting in does not consider the comprehension and the experience of the student. This dissertation was oriented by the use of music as an instrument of work and language in the process of scientific literacy in chemistry classes, so that there was a greater interest of students in learning this discipline and, consequently, promoted an improvement in quality of teaching and learning through the playful surroundings. Currently, it would be easier to list the environments where the music is not present. The modern smartphones are a potential educational tool in the teaching and learning processes when they have their teacher-oriented use. The use of active methodologies, where the student is the protagonist and the producer of his own knowledge, it confers a new dynamic to the process, always guided by the mediator-teacher, who also ends up assuming the role of an oriented-researcher of the educational process. The present work developed an educational sequence to teach the content of electrochemistry, using a playful methodology, with songs and/or parodies, accompanied by intricacy and contextualization considering the experiences of students. In sequence, the groups of students according to their musical preference produced unpublished music and/or musical parodies as products of this work, involving the key concepts of the electrochemical contents that were worked in the classroom, evidencing the process of scientific literacy according to Chassot and Miller.
Jovens estudantes do ensino médio integrado no Instituto Federal de Salto: experiências do presente e projetos de futuro
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-02-26) Oliveira, Caíque Diogo de; Corrochano, Maria Carla; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7714353975585252; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7143929390573792
This dissertation aims to understand the meanings that the young high school students integrated in the IFSP Campus Salto assign to the school experience in integrated high school and their future projects after completing basic education, giving visibility to gender asymmetries, and, where relevant, color / race inequalities. We carried out a study that included the application of a survey with open and closed questions to the 191 students of the intermediate level courses integrated in industrial automation and informatics in the 1st, 2nd and 3rd years. The results analysis was performed primarily quantitatively and secondarily qualitatively, counting on the support of the likert scale for the quantification of the elements inherent to the school experience. We found that there is a predominance of males versus females in integrated middling courses. The school has a representative "color / race", according to the method used by IBGE, similar to the locality where it is inserted. These youngsters seek the integrated high school of the federal school because they believe that the school will provide quality teaching, with better teachers, increasing the possibilities of continuing the studies and of insertion qualified in the job market. Although integrated secondary education courses are, at the documentary level, justified by the regional demand for the training of workers, we have identified that the meanings that these young people attribute to vocational education indicate that the integrated secondary education of the IFSP campus Salto goes far beyond professionalization and attendance of local economic demands, being constituted as a space of formation with qualified teachers and of integration between the students. Regarding professional education, the study points out that some of the assumptions about the professionalization of young people through the "flexibilization" of school curricula that underpinned the reform of secondary education proposed by Law 13.415 / 2017 do not apply what was found among adolescents in this research , since the participants of the research affirmed that both the common base subjects and the professional disciplines generally tend to increase students 'interest in continuing their studies and assisting in the elaboration of students' future projects. More specifically in future projects, we realize that, in general, the expectation of these / these young people is to attend higher education after the end of high school, however, a generalized analysis shows that the sexual division of labor present in modern society manifests itself in the field of possibilities of these investigated youngsters, since, while the students are in search of careers related to the technical courses, the students have a greater variety of professions in your answers.
Caracterização do perfil psicomotor e rastreamento de ansiedade e depressão em crianças com transtorno do desenvolvimento da coordenação
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-02-26) Draghi, Tatiane Targino Gomes; Tudella, Eloisa; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3207258034860219; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4518222922395138
Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD) is a deficit in motor coordination that interferes with the child's functionality. Due to slowness and inaccuracy in motor skills such as running, jumping, writing and flinging, motor performance is compromised, becoming under that expected in relation to children with typical development. This difficulty makes children to isolate from games and friends, since they perceive their limitation, which can lead to psychological damages such as anxiety and depression. Based on this, considering the integrality of the child (biopsychosocial), the objective of this dissertation was to track and characterize the psychomotor profile of children with Developmental Coordination Disorder, which resulted in three articles. Study I, entitled 'Symptoms of Anxiety and Depression in Children with Developmental Coordination Disorder: A Systematic Review', aimed to find evidence in the literature of anxiety/depression symptoms in children with DCD compared to their pairs without DCD. The results show significant evidence on the relationship between DCD, anxiety and depression. Study II, entitled "Symptoms of anxiety and depression in schoolchildren with and without Developmental Coordination Disorder", whose objective was to identify whether reported symptoms of anxiety and depression are related to the presence of DCD in Brazilian school-aged children. The results indicate that Brazilian children have a high risk for anxiety, regardless of motor performance and age; however, children with DCD of 10-12 years of age report a significantly higher number of depressive symptomatology compared to their non-DCD pairs. Study III, entitled "Motor performance evaluation of Brazilian children with Developmental Coordination Disorder through the Movement Assessment Battery for Children and the Körperkoordinationstest Für Kinder", with the objective of comparing the motor performance of Brazilian children with moderate DCD and severe DCD in 7-8 and 9-10 years of age groups. As a result, in the evaluation of motor performance through MABC-2, the greatest deficit was observed in children with severe DCD, regardless of age, while in motor assessment performed by KTK this deficit remained significant only in children with severe DCD of 7- 8 years.
Análise do comportamento de escolha e impulsividade através do Jogo da Partilha e do Jogo do Desconto Temporal em crianças e adolescentes
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-02-26) Lopes, Gabriela Esteves; Goyos, Antônio Celso de Noronha; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3407008711535651; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6044594745805823
Economic games have been useful as experimental models for situations of complex social interaction. Psychologists interested in the phenomenon of generosity have used economic games to study decision-making processes and resource distribution. One of these games is the Sharing Game and research has analyzed the effects of some variables on how people allocate resources, such as distributor gender, magnitude of reinforcer, and impulsiveness. The present work intends to evaluate if and to what extent distribution strategies in the Sharing Game are affected by the contextual variables of distributor's gender and amount of money. In an single subject design, two experiments involving repeated trials were made with ten opportunities in which participants between 10 and 14 years old made choices to distribute the resources among themselves and a passive participant. Participants could choose optimally, competitively, egalitarian or altruistic. Before that, the Delay Discounting Game was carried out to analyze the impulsiveness of the participants' choices in the allocation of resources. The study also allowed for intersubject comparisons regarding the gender of participants. These games are important because they allow for: analyzing the contingencies involved in people's decisionmaking, characterizing the choices as ideal, fair or competitive, and bringing scrutiny into consideration of the possible effects of other variables (eg., gender, monetary incentive, money, information, etc.) on the distributions of people's choices, to determine whether these choices are stable or influenced by these variables.
Avaliação de adsorventes obtidos a partir de resíduos agroindustriais para a remoção dos inibidores gerados no pré-tratamento da biomassa lignocelulósica
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-02-26) Freitas, Juliana Vieira de; Farinas, Cristiane Sanchez; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9933650905615452; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0000174385402367
The pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass generates phenolic compounds and furaldehydes that inhibit the enzymes and yeast used in the process of hydrolysis of cellulose and alcoholic fermentation. In this context, the aim of this work was to evaluate low-cost adsorbents for the removal of the inhibitors generated in the liquid hot water pretreatment (LHW) of sugarcane bagasse. The materials used to obtain the adsorbents were sugarcane bagasse fly ash and coconut shell charcoal, both agroindustrial residues. Fly ashes from two sugarcane mills were evaluated (named as fly ash A and B), and physical activation of the fly ash B and the coconut shell carbon was also performed. The adsorbents were characterized by pore structure, groups and surface charge, and crystallinity. The activation of the fly ash B resulted in an expressive increase in the surface area and the pore volume of the adsorbent. The structural properties of activated fly ash B showed features less microporous than coconut shell charcoal. All the values of pHpcz of the adsorbents were between 2 and 2.7 for the range of pHs evaluated (2 to 10), except for coconut shell activated carbon that was negative throughout the pH range. Nevertheless, all the adsorbents assessed were effective on the removal of inhibitors and provided the increased glucose in the hydrolysis of cellulose, with gains up to 52%. This positive effect was also observed in the alcoholic fermentation carried out in the presence of the treated liquor, with the coconut shell coconut being very efficient in the removal of the furaldehydes. The results showed that the use of sugarcane bagasse fly ash and the coconut shell activated carbon to remove the inhibitors could increase the efficiency of the enzymatic hydrolysis of the lignocellulosic biomass and the alcoholic fermentation, with performance comparable to the one of commercial activated carbon.
Fatores preditores à incontinência urinária de esforço no terceiro trimestre gestacional: estudo transversal
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-02-26) Reis, Bianca Manzan; Driusso, Patricia; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8898319491890063; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2230703441921004
Introduction and Hypothesis: A falta de evidência sobre a função da Musculatura do Assoalho Pélvico (MAP) na Incontinência Urinária de Esforço (IUE) ainda se apresenta como uma lacuna a ser investigada. Diante disso o objetivo do presente estudo foi investigar quais os fatores preditores de incontinência urinária de esforço em gestantes no terceiro trimestre gestacional. Methods: Estudo observacional transversal, foram avaliadas 271 gestantes no 3º trimestre gestacional, por meio de uma ficha de anamnese, questionamentos relacionados às disfunções da MAP e prática de atividade física e foi realizada a palpação vaginal pelo esquema PERFECT. Os dados foram analisados no Minitab 17 Statistical Software. A associação entre as variáveis foi calculada pelo teste exato de Fisher e foi feita a análise de regressão logística binária, considerando a ocorrência de IUE como variável dependente. Foi adotado o nível de significância de 5%. Results: A IUE apresentou como preditores, a função da MAP (P (power) / E (endurance)) (OR= 1.85; 95% CI: 1.10 to 3.12 / OR=3.70; 95% CI: 1.60 to 8.51), obesidade pré- gestacional (OR= 5.20; 95% CI: 1.85 to 14.64), obesidade gestacional (OR= 2.70; 95% CI: 1.25 to 6.07), não praticar atividade física (OR= 1.86; 95%CI: 1.14 to 3.03). Conclusions: Força da musculatura do assoalho pélvico menor que 3 (Escala Modificada de Oxford) e não capacidade da sustentação da contração da musculatura do assoalho pélvico, sobrepeso e obesidade anterior a gestação, obesidade durante a gestação e não praticar atividade física, são preditores para IUE no terceiro trimestre gestacional.
Habilidades sociais educativas de professores de pré-escolares com desenvolvimento típico, problemas de comportamento e deficiência
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-02-26) Guimarães, Cristiane de Azevedo; Costa, Carolina Severino Lopes da; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0303439637261272; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3516965117572901
Each stage of development, added to the specific characteristics of the students, may require a different management by the teacher in terms of educative social skills. Thus, this study aimed to: characterize the educative social skills of pre-school teachers with typical development, behavior problems and disabilities; characterize the repertoire of social skills and behavior problems of children, in the teacher's view; compare social skills and behavior problems in children with typical development, behavior and disability problems; compare social skills and behavior problems in children related to gender and type of school; relate teachers' social skills to behavior problems and children’s social skills. Thirty-two teachers from the common class of Early Childhood Education participated in the study; all of them had at least one Special Education Child in Development (PAEE) student registered in their current classroom. The teachers answered individually to the following instruments: 1) Preschool Kindergarten Behavior Scales (PKBS) to evaluate the repertoire of social skills and behavior problems of three preschool students (a special or late education child in development, a child with typical development, and a child with behavior problems); 2) Inventory of Educative Social Skills that describes behaviors presented by teachers related to the students; 3) Educative Social Skills Questionnaire (QHSE) of the preschool teacher in daily situations at school. The data collected by the instruments was analyzed according to previous instructions of the authors. Pearson's correlation test was used to link the data. T-test and the Anova were used to compare social skills and behavior problems of children. The results indicated that in the self-assessment the teachers have a high repertoire of Educative Social Skills. It was noticeable that teachers self-assessed more positively in the IHSE-Pr in the two following topics: give instruction about activity and organize physical environment. In the QHSE instrument, the teachers presented more difficulties in the topics: establish interactive context and establish limits and discipline. There were statistically significant differences in behavior problems and social skills among students with typical development, behavior problems and disabilities, when the comparison is related to gender. In the comparison of social skills and behavior problems between the groups, it was observed that, in general, children with typical development presented a repertoire of broader and refined social skills, in addition to lower rates of behavior problems. On the other hand, children with behavioral and disability problems presented similar average values in most of the social skills factors. No significant correlation was found between the educative social skills repertoire of the teachers and social skills and behavioral problems of the children. However, some factors related to the educative social skills of the teachers had a significant positive correlation with sociodemographic variables, such as teacher age and professional experience. Considering these results and the goals of the National Education Plan, it is important to promote public policies aimed at training the teacher of Early Childhood Education in educative social skills to favor the overall development of their students regardless of their characteristics.
Otimização e validação de metodologias analíticas em GC-MS aplicadas à biodegradação de poluentes orgânicos persistentes e óleo essencial de pimentas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-02-26) Lima, Eliane May de; Forim, Moacir Rossi; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1234565160573730; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1901375508920295
Recently, a large number of compounds have been synthesized in order to bring comfort and convenience to everyday life. These products, however, produce a large amount of daily waste that are released into the environment causing great inconvenience to the population. Higher concerns focus on the compounds known as persistent organic pollutants (POPs) that have brought serious problems of persistent contamination for decades. POPs are compounds of difficult degradation, that can lead to the bioaccumulation in the food chain and intoxication of the men and animals exposed to them. It is known that insects can acquire resistance to xenobiotics due to their association with microorganisms, which have their own enzymatic mechanisms for biotransformation of these compounds. Thus, in a first step, the present work proposed the development of an analytical method to study the biodegradation of three classes of POPs: polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and dioxins. Microorganisms used in this research were all isolated from Diabrotica speciosa, an insect present in several Brazilian agricultural crops. All POPs were analyzed by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry, whose method was validated by observing variables such as linear range, matrix effect, accuracy and intra- and inter-day accuracy, limit of detection and quantification. The validation followed the standards established by Anvisa, in accordance with Resolution RDC No. 166/2017. Due to the high adsorption of the samples components into GC equipment, occurring in decreased sensitivity. Moreover, this study also presents the optimization of bacterial growth and different extraction techniques for the target analytes. For bioremediation processes, Burkholderia gladioli was the most prominent bacteria for HPAs, while Serratia marcescens was better for dioxins. These bacteria degraded 18.3 and 22.3%, respectively, of the applied mass in relation to the control in seven days experiment. In a second stage, this work also proposed the development a method of peppers essential oils analysis. The Principal Component Analysis (PCA) of volatile compounds of seven Capsicum peppers, submitted to soxhlet extraction, hydrodistillation and headspace analysis, showed a great similarity between Bode pepper and Biquinho pepper (Capsicum chinense). Cumari of Pará, also belonging to the species Capsicum chinense, was the most differentiated pepper in comparison all those analyzed. Analysis of volatile compounds extracted by hydrodistillation technique and headspace analysis showed the highest number of compounds in relation to the soxhlet extraction,134, 110 and 79 signs respectively. The analysis of the compounds obtained by hydrodistillation showed signals with higher intensity and less dispersion of data, which reflected a greater quality of data generated for PCA. The profile of the essential oil obtained by the soxhlet extraction showed intense peaks for the compounds capsaicin and dihydrocapsaicina, whereas the 3,3-Dimethylcyclohexanol compound stood out as the most intense signal in the analyzes obtained by hydrodistillation and headspace. Thus, this study stands out for contributing to the expansion of technical-scientific knowledge from the environmental chemistry area to the natural products chemistry area showing the techniques versatility that employs GC-MS equipment.
Quando o futuro é presente: Uma análise sobre projetos e projeções de futuro sob a lógica da (in)disciplina no ambiente escolar
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-02-26) Monteiro, Leonardo Henrique Brandão; Zuin, Antônio Álvaro Soares; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5543562307373287; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7962875409074026
This paper presents an analysis of sociability patterns of students from a public school run by the State of São Paulo. The described patterns of sociability are classified from a virtual future that involves the future projections from their colleagues and school professionals that affect students, as well as the students' future projects and future protentions. The categories that organize the analysis of these patterns of sociability are: the good future, the not-so-good future, the non-future, and the negation of future prospects. These categories are a kind of ideal-types, do not operate as predictions about the destinies of the students, but act as agglutinators of sociations (SIMMEL, 2006) and social actions (Weber, 1969), of patterns of sociability. Mobilized in the construction of the analytical argument of this dissertation there are two parts of the writing, which complement each other. A first one in which the theoretical elements relevant to the understanding of the proposed reflection will be presented. I will build a kind of analytical triangle. At a vertex lies the logic (in)discipline as mediator of most of the relationships developed in the school space. At another vertex are the moralities present in the sociations and social actions of the school actors. In a last vertex are the social subjects that are considered from their dividual character, being that as ontological reference, these subjects would be worth, often, of the individualism. This analytic triangle appears most often tacitly. The second part of this text consists of the presentation of empirical data taken from the researcher's articulation with the subjects, which the social associations and actions were object of the reflection and the attempt of understanding undertaken. The analysis of empirical data in the form of ethnographic pieces, in which the meanings of these sociability patterns will be worked, is materialized. Within these ethnographic pieces reside ambiguities that in many moments demonstrate the precariousness and the artificiality of the ideal-types worked. As well, its potentialities to help us understand and reflect on the school microcosm.
Obtenção de inseticidas e fungicidas a partir de Picramnia Glazioviana e bagaço de laranjas para o controle de formigas cortadeiras
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-02-26) Costa, Luís Felipe Matos; Fernandes, João Batista; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2691336077459602; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8491371991782751
Because our country has a continental dimension and a very suitable climate for practicing numerous varieties of crops, it is necessary to obtain adequate control of the pests that afflict food production. One of the main agricultural pests is insects, especially leaf-cutting ants, which greatly reduce productivity and thus compete with man for food. Thus, this work describes the study of the methanolic extracts of the branches and dichloromethane of leaves of Picramnia glazioviana, whose main objective is to control the activity of leaf cutting ants in order to reduce their action as agricultural pest. HPLC-DAD, CPC-DAD, NMR-1D and 2D, UPLC-HRMS techniques were used for the separation and characterization of the compounds. In addition, tests of insecticidal activities were carried out against cutter ants of the Atta and Acromyrmex species and inhibition tests against the symbiotic fungus Leucoagaricus gongylophorus. The results demonstrate insecticidal and fungicidal activities of the crude extracts studied, as well as the identification of chemical substances already reported in the genus, such as the anthraquinones Aloe-emodin and Chrysophanol, which have already shown insecticidal activity in the research group. In addition, a work with Citrus, more specifically orange bagasse, was carried out, where metallic complexes were generated with chemical metabolites present in the medium and insecticidal and fungicidal activities were tested. As results, there was the proposal of characterization of the complexes mainly through analysis in the UPLC-HRMS, in addition, the complexes of metal 2 presented insecticidal action on ants and inhibition in their symbiont fungus. Thus, the application of a separation approach (CPC) in Brazil for complex extracts, aided by the response of prominent biological activities, generated the possibility of future applications of the results, as well as opportunities for new work in the research group. In addition, the complexation of substances of interest from complex extracts in metals, led to the writing of a patent with the results obtained, thus contributing to innovative approaches in the Chemistry of Natural Products.
Professoras experientes e a base de conhecimento para o ensino: pontas de icebergs
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-02-26) Cruz, Eliana Marques Ribeiro; Reali, Aline Maria de Medeiros Rodrigues; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3250195451890332; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3408889024160865
The focus of this research was the configuration of the Knowledge Base for the Teaching of experienced teachers, with the following objectives: to identify, describe and analyze which knowledge of this base are expressed by experienced teachers in situations of interaction with beginner and undergraduate teachers. Specifically, it was identified and analyzed, together with the experienced teachers, which elements influenced the construction of their knowledge bases for teaching and their relationships with learning and professional teacher development. The context of the research was the Learning and Development to Teaching Network Program (ReAD), carried out in the period from May to December 2016, by the Portal of Teachers of UFSCar. This hybrid program aimed to promote and monitor learning processes (individual and collective) and professional development of new and experienced teachers and professors, and to promote exchange and interaction among the participants and discuss issues related to teacher professionalism. Thus, the six experienced teachers participating in this research came from the municipal public teaching network of the city of São Carlos. They worked at ReAD, as collaborators in the elaboration and conduction of activities, sharing with other participants their professional narratives and also discussing and analyzing the training paths of other beginning teachers and graduates participating in this Program. The professional narratives of the experienced teachers, the interactions carried out in the discussion forums, the feedbacks they elaborated on the activities carried out by the beginners and the licenciandas constituted the instruments of data collection. The data were analyzed in the light of the theoretical reference on professional teacher development, professional life cycle of teaching, knowledge base for teaching, expertise, intergenerational dialogue and professional narratives, having as main authors: Huberman, Shulman, Hargreaves, Garcia, Hatie, Vaillant , Mizukami, Reali, Sarti and Alcoforado. We adopted a constructive-collaborative approach to research in the conduct of the intervention. The analyzes showed that the Knowledge Base for the teaching of experienced teachers: 1. It is configured as a set of practical, functional and experiential knowledge, which are presented through the pedagogical practices reported; 2. The construction of the knowledge base for teaching is marked by professional contexts and working conditions (infrastructure, material, institutional support, remuneration); 3. It is a social construction, forged in human relations, contextualized by historicity and culture; 4. It is presented as a continuous process, marked by non-linearity, by contradictions and by movements of accommodation and destabilization; 5. It relates to the learning processes of teaching, from the experiences as a student, with the initial and continued formation; 6. The teaching experiences increase and promote the base. This research evidenced the contributions and potentialities of the intergenerational dialogues as a form of teaching learning and as a continuous formation in hybrid environments, promoting interactions between people who were in different moments of professional teacher development
Raciocínio Lógico-Matemático de um aluno do ensino fundamental com Síndrome de Asperger: dupla excepcionalidade?
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-02-26) Taverna, Christiane Honorato; Rangni, Rosemeire de Araújo; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6399149504309769; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3900551846856723
Since the late 20th century, there has been an intensifying trend of the inclusive educational system towards students belonging to the Special Education target audience (SETA), mainly in the regular educational curriculum. High Ability/ Gifted (HA/G) students belonging to this SETA group have been receiving little specialized assistance, since the number of HA/G student enrollments has not grown satisfactorily. Moreover, it was observed that dual exceptionality is less visible due to the association between HA/G and disability or disorder, and that limits its identification by the teachers. Under that premise, the primary objective of the present research was to observe a student with Asperger Syndrome and signs of a HA/G profile in logical-mathematical reasoning attending Middle School. The specific objectives were: to observe the student's performance in Math and Science activities; to describe the activities performed by the student during the observation period in Math and Science classes; and to apply the HA/G Indicator Checklist (Lista de Verificação de Indicadores de Altas habilidades/Superdotação, LIVIAH/SD). The nature of the research is observational, under a descriptive design, with outlining of the case study. The research participants were a Middle School student diagnosed with Asperger Syndrome, one Math teacher and one Science teacher of a state public school, respectively. Observations during classes were used for the data collection, within the following categories: observed classes, student demeanor during the classes, pedagogic strategies used by the teachers, student performance completing activities, student stimulation and, also, the use of a field journal and recorded classes with the consent of the student and teachers. The teachers received the HA/G Indicator Checklist (LIVIAH/SD) with 25 items, with nine indicators determined by the Science teacher and two by the Math teacher. The observation results have shown that the student revealed potential in the logical-mathematical field in comparison with his class peers; however, it wasn't possible to state that the student has a High Ability/Gifted profile, since the presented results consisted of observations performed in less than a midterm, and the content approached in Math and Science wasn't substantial enough to constitute an indication. It wasn't possible to indicate a HA/G profile using the LIVIAH/SD instrument; furthermore, there was no instrument, up to the completion of the research, that could be applied to students with suspicion of dual exceptionality (HA/G and Asperger Syndrome), and that may have interfered with the teachers' indication. Therefore, the creation of an instrument and/or assessment procedure for such dual exceptionality cases could facilitate the identification of these students.
Distributed d-fuzzstream: agrupamento fuzzy não supervisionado distribuído em fluxo de dados
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-02-26) Schick, Leonardo; Camargo, Heloisa de Arruda; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0487231065057783; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8533489408675086
In the last decade, the interest in managing unlimited sequences of data produced at high rates, known as data stream (DS), has grown. Applications of DSs include sensor networks, weather analysis, stock market analysis, network traffic monitoring, among others. As in other data domains, there is an interest in extracting useful knowledge from DS using automatic techniques. However, extracting potentially relevant information in this domain requires techniques that can overcome storage constraints and that can conduct a continuous learning process, adapting to changes in data distribution. One of the great challenges in DS learning is the ability to adapt to the data production rate, avoiding the accumulation of non-processed examples and ensuring real-time responses. If the production of new examples is faster than the processing speed, then the data accumulate continuously and are often discarded, making the learning of new concepts outdated. Recently, with the popularization of distributed computing tools, many machine learning algorithms have been adapted to be executed in a distributed manner. Despite this, most of these algorithms are adaptations of classical machine learning algorithms to handle large volumes of data. Therefore, there is a lack of algorithms for learning from DS that can be executed distributedly, mostly in the context of unsupervised learning. This work presents a new distributed approach to fuzzy clustering in data stream using the Framework Online-Offline. The approach includes two different processing strategies for each of the phases of the framework. The online phase's strategy summarizes data in distinct summary structures, which are unified by an intermediate phase. In the offline phase, the distributed processing strategy groups the result generated by the unified summary structure with several algorithms and different number of groups. A total of 135 experiments were conducted on 6 databases with a large number of examples, including four synthetic and two real data sets, from which internal, external and performance metrics were collected. The results showed that the distributed approach generated clustering results similar to those generated without the approach, processing on average 18,200 examples per second. This shows that the proposal is relevant because it was able to generate similar partitions using only 6% of the processing time compared to the non-distributed version.
Reduzindo o Custo do Teste de Mutação com base em Informações de Análise Estática
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-02-26) Silva, Vinícius Barcelos; Vincenzi, Auri Marcelo Rizzo; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0611351138131709; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5421881284548600
To guarantee the quality of the software, static and dynamic analysis techniques can be used. Both have advantages and disadvantages and should be used together to improve the quality of the results obtained. In this work, we present a strategy for the application of a set of mutation operators in the software test, which represents a dynamic technique, based on the difficulty that automated static analyzers have in the detection of model defects. In other words, we investigate which defect categories, represented by mutation operators; an automated static analyzer can recognize and thus prioritize the mutation test considering only the set of mutation operators that model defects that are difficult to identify by the static analyzer used. We compare our subset with other subsets of already proposed mutation operators and. With the data collected, the statistical analysis showed that there are statistical differences between the mutation score and the cost reduction of the proposed strategy and the strategies present in the literature. The results obtained are promising since the subset of mutation operators identified by the proposed approach presents similar cost and mutation score to the subsets of mutation operators compared but still aggregate information not previously captured by these subsets, i.e., the intersection with defects that can be identified employing static analysis at a lower cost.
Sequências didáticas inéditas e introdução à esperança matemática aplicadas em cursos pré-vestibulares
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2019-02-26) Freitas, Felipe Grilli; Sampaio, João Carlos Vieira; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8286887389013685
In the routine of the pre-university courses one tends to work, in a year, the diverse contents which are studied in high school, often giving greater depth or emphasis on some subjects. There are already well-qualified students, others less. Some students, dedicated to studies for some years, and knowledgeable of most of the questions of previous exams, need to settle and deepen for, besides fixing questions, completing them in short intervals of time; others have a contact much more superficial and initial with the contents incident on the great university entrance exams. In this sense, this work presents sequences of teaching composed of questions written by the author, worked on the methodology of didactic engineering, applied for the revision of several fundamental contents for the university entrance exams ENEM, FUVEST, UNESP, UNICAMP and UNIFESP, in all your phases, aiming to improve the diferent levels of student's knowledge . In addition, there is an introduction, through problems, to the concept of statistical hope. Therefore, this work proposes to present activities with unpublished questions, in forms attractive to develop the classes and possibilities to present a new mathematical concept for students.